上海市上海中学2019届高三上学期摸底考试英语试题 Word版含答案

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上海市上海中学2019届高三上学期摸底考试英语试题Word版含答案

上海市上海中学2019届高三上学期摸底考试英语试题Word版含答案2018-2019学年上海中学高三第一学期摸底考试II.Grammar and Vocabulary温馨提示：多少汗水曾洒下，多少期待曾播种，终是在高考交卷的一刹尘埃落地，多少记忆梦中惦记，多少青春付与流水，人生，总有一次这样的成败，才算长大。

高考保持心平气和，不要紧张，像对待平时考试一样去做题，做完检查一下题目，不要直接交卷，检查下有没有错的地方，然后耐心等待考试结束。

Section ADirection: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the other answer that best completes the sentence.25.While I was waiting to enter ________ university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper ateaching post at a school in ________ suburb of London.A. /, aB. an, aC. a, theD. the ,the26.In most cases, ________ a passenger has his ticket and managers to catch his train, he canreach his destination more comfortably than ________ he had to drive himself.A. once, ifB. that ,ifC. when, whileD. where, when27.The invention of the modern computer is one of the greatcontributions ________ to man’sefficiency.A. having ever been madeB. ever been madeC. ever madeD. having ever made28.I was not able to work out the problem ________ my teacher explained it.A. asB. unlessC. untilD. when29.For him to be re-elected, what is essential is not that his policy works, but ________ thepublic believe that it does.A. /B. whetherC. thatD. if30.What struck the audience most was ________ the blind girl could accomplish with her ownhands.A. thatB. whatC. whoD. so31.The pressure ________ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under aconstant emotional strain.A. to completeB. completingC. to be completedD. to have completed32.Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. being lack of33.________ Japanese is certainly complex, it is by no means impossible to learn.A. WhereasB. WhileC. SinceD. As34.To the students________, the new teacher felt very nervous to say anything, with handsslightly________.A. concerned with, shakenB. concerned, shakingC. concerned with, shakingD. concerned, shaken35.–I can’t find Ms. Miller. Where did you meet her this morning?–It was in the hotel ________ he was staying.A. thatB. whichC. the oneD. where36.________ your opinion was worth considering, they won’tplace too much importance on it.A. AsB. SinceC. UnlessD. If only37.We shall meet at the same place ________ we met for the first place.A. thatB. whereC. asD. which38.The monitor suggested ________ to the Sea World in the summer vocation.A. to me visitingB. their visitingC. to me their visitD. they visit39.He often wrote to the writer ________ the thought would help him to become a writer, too.A. whomB. whoC. becauseD. when40.In the past decade, geologists have come closer than ever to ________ the age of the earth.A. calculateB. calculatingC. be calculatingD. have calculatedSection BDirection: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Traffic science is one of those ____41____ seems permanently poised on the verge of a breakthrough. Professional journals regularly publish promising research, and the ____42____ trumpets their importance. However, it turns out that traffic is a deceptively complicated problem. It ____43____ molecular physics, in fact, because it's a system of individual particles ____44____ in complex ways. Except, with traffic, the particles have minds of their own.There are two kinds of traffic flow. In uncongested stable flows, cars can move at or near the speed limit, and the "unstable regime," what laypeople (外行) call a stop-and-go traffic. What scientists have figured out over the past decade or so is when and why traffic ____45____ between the two.“We see in our models that traffic becomes unstable when the number of cars(passing a specific spot) per lane per hour reaches between 2,000 and 2,500. At that nominal capacity level, traffic is very likely to become unstable,” says Hani Mahmassani, a traffic scientist at Northwestern University in Chicago.Consider a ____46____ case. A slow-moving car shifts into the left lane to pass an even slower-moving car. The car ____47____ behind the lane-changer has to decelerate ____48____ - not just to the speed of the car in front of him, but slow enough to create a safe driving distance between them. The next car back has to slow down even more, again to give itself a ____49____. This slowdown ripples back through the lane and eventually spreads into the other lanes as nearby drivers notice the sea of brakelights and reflexively slow down. Traffic researchers ____50____ to this as a shock wave, and it can travel back for miles.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)There are many things parents can do to help children with autism (自闭症) overcome their challenges.Learning all you can about autism and getting (51)________ in treatment will go a long way towar d helping yourchild. Additionally, the following tips will make daily home life easier for both you and your autist ic child:●Be consistent (一致的). Children with autism have a hard time (52)________ what they've learned if there is a change of setting. For example, your child may use sign language at school to communicate, but never thinkto do so at home. Creating (53)________ in your child's environment is the best way to reinfo rce learning.Find out what your child's therapists are doing and continue their techniques at home. Explore the(54)________ of having therapy take place in more than one place in order to encourage yourchild to(55)________ what he or she has learned from one environment to another. It's also important to be consistentin the way you (56)________ with your child and deal with challenging behaviors.●(57)________ a schedule. Children with autism tend to do best when they have a highly-structured schedule or routine. Again, this goes back to the consistency they both need and crave. Set up a schedule for your child,with (58)________ times for meals, therapy, school, and bedtime. Try to keep disturbance to t his routine to a(59)________. If there is an unavoidable schedule change, prepare your child for it (60)________.●(61)________ good behavior. Positive reinforc ement can go a long way with children with autism, so makean effort to 'catch them doing something good.' Praise them when they act appropriately or learn a new skill, being very (62)________ about what behavior they?r e being praised for.●Pay attentio n to your child's sensory sensitivities. Many children with autism are hypersensitive to light,sound, touch, taste, and smell. Other children with autism are 'under-sensitive' to sensory stimuli.(63)________ what sights, sounds, smells and movements cause your kid's 'bad' or disruptivebehaviors andwhat brings about a(n) (64)________ response. If you understand what affects your child, you'll be better atsolving problems, preventing situations that cause difficulties, and creating (65)________ experiences.51. A. interested B. balanced C. absorbed D. involved52. A. applying B. devoting C. communicating D. appealing53. A. attraction B. comfort C. steadiness D. attention54. A. possibility B. goal C. process D. solution55. A. transplant B. transfer C. transport D. transform56. A. meet B. interact C. negotiate D. associate57. A. Draw up B. Arrange for C. Work out D. Stick to58. A. regular B. flexible C. appropriate D. normal59. A. decrease B. mystery C. minimum D. degree60. A. without doubt B. in private C. without notice D. in advance61. A. Admire B. Stick C. Reward D. Maintain62. A. curious B. specific C. particular D. anxious63. A. Figure out B. Account for C. Put up D. Take on。

上海市2019届高三英语一模. 高考英语系列

黄浦区2018-2019学年第一学期期末质量试卷高三英语（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2018.12Ⅰ.listening(略）II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Just How Buggy is Your Phone?What item in your home crawls with the most germs?If you say___21___toilet seat,you’re wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list.But cell phones are pretty dirty too.They contain around10times as many germs as toilet seats.People touch their phones,laptops,and other digital devices all day long,yet rarely clean them.In one incident,a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone.He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola.The phone’s owner reported the theft before___22___（die）from the disease.Soon,the thief began showing symptoms and finally___23___（confess）to the crime. ___24___in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria,not all germs are bad.Most cause no harm. In fact,they could provide helpful information.Look at the surface of your phone carefully.Do you see some dirty mars?“That's all you,”says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell.“That’s biological information.”It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from___25___ of your friends and family.They’re like a fingerprint that could identify you.Some day in the future,investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes.Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.In a2017study,researchers sampled a range of surfaces in22participants’homes,___26___countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice.Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner.The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner.In an___27___（early）study,a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to identify the person who___28___（use）a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.One day,microbial signatures might show___29___people have gone and what they have touched.They could prove___30___an unmarked device is yours.So,sure,your phone is pretty germy.Does that inspire you,or does it just bother you?Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.measurementB.similarC.remarkablyD.monetaryE.astronomyF.alteredG.civilization H.defined I.independence J.invariably K.dominatedThe NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’.The Egyptians depend on the river for food,for water and for life.The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile,creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous___31___.Snaking through the deserts,the Nile would flood almost___32___each year in June.Once the water subsided,a rich deposit of sand was left behind,making an excellent topaoil.Seeds were sown,yielding wheat, barley,beans,lentils and leeks.Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians,so during the dry seasons,they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land.They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of___33___a Nilometer,was used to determine the size of the ter,during the New Kingdom,a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions.Without a(n)___35___system they exchanged goods,bringing back timber,precious stones,pottery,spices and animals.Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___advanced:surgeons performed operations to remove cysts（囊肿）.Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease,and discoveries were often confused with superstition（迷信）.And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in1882.What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won___38___from Britain after World WarⅡ.The Suez Canal,opened in1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation.But it,and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971___40___the ecology of the Nile,which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than76million-the largest in the Arab world.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty CitiesWater covers71%of Earth’s surface yet only2%of it is accessible as a source of fresh water.___41___on this limited resources is rising,a trend likely to continue.It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who___42___water.Agriculture,industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water supply.Globally,70%of fresh water is___43___for agriculture,but locally in heavily irrigated（灌溉）areas this can increase to90%.A healthy environment also requires fresh water,and the quality of available water is as important as its___44___.Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas.___45___for water resources between different users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.Every thirsty city operates within its own context,___46___to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies.Cape Town,___47___,has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failed to materialize.At the end of the2017rainy season the city faced the___48___of its dams running dry during2018.The dams were only37%full—in the same week four years before they were full to the top.In January2018,it was___49___that Cape Town would reach Day Zero,when it would be forced to turn off the taps,in April.This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half,from1.2billion litres a day in2015to fewer than600million litres,and working___50___with industry and agriculture to reduce demand.On February1,the authorities put in place a strict limit of50litres of water per person per day.___51___, in Britain this is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.In addition,a ban was placed on using___52___water for gardens,water management devices were installed at household with a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks.At the same,the city launched a media___53___to change habits and introduced higher duties.This is not without its costs;agriculture and tourism,both significant areas of employment,have___54___.It is a classic example of the problem of water economics-the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm.The___55___of Day Zero must serve as a wake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertain future.41.A.Impact B.Pressure C.Impression D.Observation42.A.recycle B.waste C.consume D.apply43.A.restored B.abstracted C.separated D.preserved44.A.change B.source C.origin D.volumepetition B.Protection C.Construction D.Regulation46.A.contributing B.regarding C.responding D.referring47.A.in addition B.for example C.on the contrary D.as a result48.A.prospect B.illustration C.symptom D.security49.A.reported B.presented C.predicted D.explained50.A.respectively B.increasingly C.restrictively D.extensively51.A.By comparison B.In other words C.To our surprise D.What’s more52.A.feasible B.drinkable C.inevitable D.influential53.A.campaign B.statement C.presentation D.advertisement54.A.invaded B.liberated C.suffered D.proceeded55.A.change B.theory C.record D.threatSection B(A)Despite an advertisement campaign suggesting wall-to-wall special effects,“Bridge of Terabithia”is grounded in reality far more than in fantasy.Adapting Katherine Paterson’s award-winning novel,the screenwriters David Paterson and Jeff Stockwell have produced a thoughtful and extremely affecting story of a transformativefriendship between two unusually gifted children.The result is a movie whose emotional depth could appeal more to adults than to their children.Jess Aarons(Josh Hutcherson)is a sixth grader with four sisters,financially tensed parents and a talent for drawing.An introverted(内向的)kid who is regularly picked on by the school buses,Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie(Anna Sophia Robb),a free spirit whose parents,both writers,are fondly neglectful.An attraction between outsiders,their friendship feeds on her words and his pictures;together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes,a world they can control and where their minds can wander free.Beautifully capturing a time when a bully in school can occur as large as a monster in a nightmare and the encouragement of a teacher can alter the course of a life,“Bridge to Terabithia”keeps the fantasy in the background to find magic in the everyday.Gabor Csupo directs this,his first feature,like someone close to the pain of being different,fascinated in tiny,perfect details.With strong performances from all the leads,“Bridge to Terabithia”is able to handle adult topics with sensitivity.As the emotional landscape darkens,those who haven’t read the book may be surprised at the sorrow the filmmakers cause without ever resorting to horror or terror.In other words,your children may cry,but they won’t be traumatized so badly.Consistently smart and delicate as a spider web,“Bridge to Terabithia”is the kind of children’s movie rarely seen nowadays.At a time when many public schools are being forced to cut music and art from the curriculum,the story’s insistence on the healing power of a cultivated imagination is both welcome and essential.56.The second paragraph indicates that Jess and Leslie________.A.lost their control over the imaginary kingdomB.looked down on their individual realitiesC.formed a good friendship despite their different talentsD.wrote a book about a magical land called Terabithia57.Which of the following words is most likely to replace“traumatized”(paragraph4)?A.criticizedB.ignoredC.delightedD.shocked58.The two children most likely________.A.skipped school to play in the woods behind their campusB.created an imaginary world as an escape from realityC.disappointed their parents with their over-active imaginationsD.won against the bullies at school with strong performances59.Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?A.The fantasy components of the movie were too over-done.B.The movie is motional but not much too dramatic.C.“Bridge to Terabithia”has a negative impact on public school education.D.Children shouldn’t watch the film as they are too young to understand the topics.(B)Hot Air BalloonsA hot air balloon is made up of3main parts:The EnvelopeThe actual fabric balloon whichholds the airThe BurnerThe unit which pushes the heat upinto the envelopeThe BasketWhere the passengers and pilotstandThe basis of how the balloon works is that warmer air rises in cooler air.This is because hot air is lighter than cool air as it has less mass per unit of volume.Mass can be defined by the measure of how much matter something contains.The actual balloon has to be large as it takes a large amount of heated air to lift it off the ground.The burner uses propane gas to heat up the air in the envelope to move the balloon off the ground and into the air.The pilot must keep firing the burner at regular intervals throughout the flight to ensure that the balloon continues to the stable.Naturally,the hot air will not escape from the hot at the very bottom of the envelop as firstly, hot air rises and secondly,the floating power keeps it moving up.To move the balloon upwards,the pilot opens up the propane value which lets the propane flow to the burner which in turn frees the flame up into the envelope.It works in much the same way as a gas grill:the more you open the valve,the bigger the flame to beat the air and the faster the balloon rises.The“Parachute Valve”at the very top of the balloon is what is used to bring the balloon down towards the ground.It is a circle of fabric cut out of the top of the envelop which is controlled by a rope which runs down through the middle of the envelope to the basket.If the pilot wants to bring the balloon down,he or she simply pulls on the rope which will open the valve,letting hot air escape,decreasing the inner air temperature.This cooling of air causes the balloon to slow its rise.The pilot can operate horizontally by changing the vertical position of the balloon because the wind blows in different directions at different altitudes.If the pilot wants to move in a particular direction,he or she simply arises and falls to the appropriate level and rides with the wind.60.The purpose of this article is to__________.A.explain how hot air balloons workB.illustrate why hot air balloons are usefulC.describe hot air balloons’structurerm readers about how hot air balloons are made61.What would happen if the“Parachute Valve”could not be released after it was opened?A.The inside of the balloon would continue to heat up.B.The balloon would climb up more rapidlyC.The self-sealing valve would need to take over the role of the Parachute Valve.D.The balloon would begin to move down more rapidly.62.Which of the following skills or knowledge would be the most useful to a balloon pilot?A.The ability to sew the panels of fabric together to make a balloon.B.An understanding of how propane gas is manufactured.C.A knowledge of the background of passengers who are travelling in the balloon.D.A knowledge of air currents and wind directions in the area where he is piloting the balloon.(C)The surface of Venus has never seemed very hospitable.Temperatures change around470°C(900°F),the result of a runway greenhouse effect,and the pressure of its atmosphere,thick with carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid(硫酸),is some90times that of Earth’s.Lead(铅)would flow like water on Venus,and water cannot have existed in liquid form for perhaps a billion years.Now NASA’S Magellan spacecraft seems to have found one more horror in the nasty landscape:active st week the space agency released the first detailed map of Venus and the most dramatic images ever made of its surface.The picture offer the best evidence to date that a planet once assumed dead is actually a lively pot of geological change.The most amazing image is of Venus’s second tallest mountain,Maat Mons,which rises8km(5miles).Most of the planet’s many peaks,including9.5-km-(6-mile-)high Maxwell Montes,look bright in the radar pictures Magellan takes from its orbit above the permanent could cover.That means they are strong reflectors of radar waves.But Maat Mons is dark;like the Stealth bomber,it absorbs much of the radar falling on it.This interesting fact,say project scientists,is a strong hint that the mountains has recently been covered with lava(熔岩).Rock that sits on the surface of mountaintops appears to weather quickly in the hot,chemically reactive atmosphere,creating a soil that is rich in iron sulfide(硫化铁).It is this mineral,the scientists believe,that can easily be seen on radar.If Maat Mons doesn’t have any,it has probably been resurfaced,perhaps within the past few years.Such resurfacing has undoubtedly taken place in Venus lowlands:earlier images of the planet showed vast areas that are remarkably free of craters(火山坑).That would be easy to explain on a Planet like Earth,where cratering from meteor strikes is erased by steady erosion.But while there is some evidence of wind erosion on Venus,the best explanation for the lack of cratering is periodic lava flow.Magellan has found direct evidence of such flows,including dome like upwellings and hardened streamed of rock trailing down the sides of Venusian peaks.There are also signs of other geologic activities,including dramatic faulting and several distinct incidents of mountain building.But the evidence can’t indicate whether they really occurred millions of years ago.The case for active Venusian volcanoes is not yet proved,but Magellan,which is now well into its second complete survey of the planet’s surface,may eventually settle the issue.63.Which of the following has NO possibility to be found on Venus now?A.Carbon dioxideB.Sulfuric acidC.Liquid waterD.Active volcanoes64.The scientists believe that_________shows up easily on radar.A.geological changeB.iron sulfideC.mountain mineralva flow65.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.The resurfacing has changed the images of the vast areas in Venus lowlands.B.The wind erosion on Venus is caused by periodic lava flowsC.Streams of rock trailing down the side of Venusian peaks can be seen on EarthD.Other geologic activities have caused dramatic and unbelievable climate phenomenon.66.What can be inferred from the passage?A.NASA’S Magallan spacecraft fails to stand the environment of Venus.B.There is clear and confirmed evidence for the active Venusian volcanoes on Venus.C.Some evidence of periodic lava flows has been found by NASA astronauts.D.Magellan will conduct a follow-up complete survey of the Venus’surface.Section CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentences given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.However,facial recognition seems merely to encode them.B.Research show that artificial intelligence can reconstruct the facial structures of people.C.Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use.D.Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces.E.Continuous facial recording that paints computerized data onto the real world might change the texture of social interactions.F.The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies.Nowhere To Hide:What Machines Can Tell From Your FaceThe human face is a remarkable piece of work.67So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile.People spend much of their waking lives,in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom,reading faces,for signs of attraction,hostility,trust and deceit.They also spend plenty of time trying to hide their feelings,intentions or nature.68In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers’attendance;in Britain,by retailers to spot past shoplifters.This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game.In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers,permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile.Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen.Set against human skills,such applications might seem enhancive.Some breakthroughs,such as flight or the internet,obviously transform human abilities.69Although faces are peculiar to individuals,they are also public,so technology does not,at first sight,intrude on something that is private.And yet the ability to record,store and analyse images of faces cheaply,quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamentalchanges to notions of privacy,fairness and trust.70Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life.If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn,and your boss every hint of annoyance,marriages and working relationships will be more truthful,but less harmonious.The basis of social interactions might change,too,from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone’s face.Relationships might become more reasonable,but also transactional.IV.Summary Writing71.Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.Sport TourismTourism is the world’s largest industry and is predicted to grow well into the years to come.Increasingly,the economic importance of tourism has been recognized by governments around the world.At the same time,the tourism industry has become more complicated in its development and marketing new forms of tourism.One of the fastest growing parts of the tourism industry is travel related to sport and physical activity.A recent survey found that while the traditional beach and sight-seeing vacations continue to predominate,22%of those surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were important when selecting a vacation.The term sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to describe sport-related leisure travel.It is generally recognized that three are three broad categories of sport tourism.The first category.Watching sporting events or Sports Event Tourism includes hallmark events such as FIFA World Cup Football Championships,and the Olympic games.Tournament sponsored by the Professional Golf Association or the World Tennis Association are also part of the spectator-centered sector of sport tourism.The second type of sport tourism,celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting famous sports-related attractions.Visits of the sports halls of fame fall into this category.Another form of celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism that has emerged in recent years is meeting famous sports personalities.The cruise industry has been experienced in this area.Sports theme cruise such as“the NBA basketball cruise”arrange for passengers to meet personalities from sports while on board.Active participation is the third category of sports tourism.This is composed of individuals who travel to participate in golf,skiing,and tennis in particular,although other sports such as fishing,and scuba diving are popular in the US.第II卷（共40分）V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.很多人对他们的潜能一无所知。

上海市2019届高三高考模拟试卷(十)英语试题

【题文】Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 -words. Use your own words as far as possible.One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by selling goods door to door found that: he only had one clime left. He was hungry so he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked，“How much do I owe you?”“You don’t owe me anything,” she replied. “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” He said, “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart. ” As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger physically, but it also increased his faith in God and the human race. He was about to give up and quit before this point.Years later the young woman became critically ill. The local doctors were baffled. They finally sent her to the big city, where specialists could be called in to study her rare disease. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in for the consultation. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately, he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.Dressed in his doctor’s gown he went in to see her. He recognized her at once. He went back to the consultation room and determined to do his best to save her life. From that day on, he gave special attention to her case.After a long struggle, the battle was won. Dr. Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to her room. She was afraid to open it because she was positive that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words“Paid in full with a glass of mil k.(Signed) Dr. Howard Kelly”Tears of joy flooded her eyes as she prayed silently，“Thank you, God. Your love has spreadthrough human hearts and hands.”_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______【答案】A poor boy asked for water but got milk from a kind, beautiful young lady. Inspired by her kindness and God’ love, the boy worked hard to b ecome an excellent doctor, who saved the young lady finally and paid the medical bill for her. Both of them believed love is spread from people to people.【解析】【分析】这是一篇概要写作。

2019-2020学年上海市上海中学高三英语三模试卷及答案

2019-2020学年上海市上海中学高三英语三模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AKate Humble: Books that changed my lifeKate Humble is a writer and broadcaster specializing in science, wildlife and rural affairs. Together with her husband site runs Humble by Nature, a rural skills education centre on working farm near Monmouth intheWyeValley.Winnie the Poohby A A MilneMy father used to read this to me when I was very young — he used different voices for all the animals. The characterization (角色设定) was so clever; we all know someone just like each inhabitant of the HundredAcre Wood: gloomy Eeyore; thick but loyal Pooh; enthusiastic Tigger.A A Milne was masterful in exploring the way they got along together, opening my eyes to how society really works.Last Chance to Seeby Douglas Adams and Mark CarwardineThis book tells of the authors, adventures as they set out to find the rarest of animals, those on the edge of extinction.Their travels are rather exciting and they share a wonderful humour, which really appealed to me. Yet underpinning (支撑) everything is the realization that we can't just sit back and allow species to disappear. PicturePalaceby Paul TherouxI've always loved Theroux's travel writing, but this novel took my breath away. The words aren't long or complicated but, fromthat first paragraph, his writing grabs you by the nose hairs and drags you along. I had an art teacher who told me, “You're only an artist when you've found your own style, not when you're copying someone else, and Theroux represents this.”1. Why did the author mention the characterization ofWinnie the Pooh?A. To indicate the book has realistic values.B. To show how adorable the characters are.C. To persuade people to learn from the characters.D. To prove the writer is good at creating characters.2. What didLast Chance to Seestrike into Kate's heart?A. Curiosity.B. Responsibility.C. Exploration.D. Devotion.3. Which writer does Kate Humble like for his original writing?A. A A Milne.B. Douglas Adams.C. Mark Carwardine.D. Paul Theroux.BBabies who frequently communicate with their caregivers using eye contact and vocalisations(发声)at the age of one are more likely to develop greater languages skills by the time they reachtwo,according to new research.In the study, researchers looked at 11-and 12-month-od babies' vocalisations. gestures and gaze behaviours ,and at how their caregivers responded to them.To measure he interactions ,the researchers videoed infants(婴儿)and caregiver at home,and asked them to play as usual.They took those recordings back to the universityThe scientists then used statistical models to find that the best predictor of vocabulary at 24 months was when infants were seen to use vocalsatioms while looking at their caregiver's face when they were about a year old.The benefits were even greater when these interactions were followed by responses from the caregiver.The statistics showed that at 19 months,children had an average of about 100 words.Those who exhibited the beneficial interactive behaviour earlier in life were seen to have an average of about 30 extra words."The message of this paper is thatitis the result of a joint effort; noticing what your child is attending to and talking to them about it will support their language development." said McGillion, a co-author of the work."The joy of this message is that that can happen in any context... across any part of your day.It's not something that requires special equipment or even lots of time.I can happen when you're doing the laundry,for example—when you're taking out the socks, you can talk about socks...in the park, in the car, at mealtimes,at bathtimes.This finding can be used in any context,"added McGillion."This is a developmental snapshot in the first year of life, but children are constantly growing and changing and so are their behaviours. It would be interesting to look at these sorts of behaviours again as children progressthrough the second year of life to see what's happening there,"said Donnellan,the lead author on the study.4. How did the researchers get the findings?A. By interacting with babies.B. By asking babies to vocalize.C. By analyzing relevant recordings.D. By referring to the previous statistics.5. What does he underlined word "it"in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Infants' eye contact.B. Infants' larger vocabulary.C. The response from caregivers.D. The best predictor of vocabulary.6. What did McGilion say about infants' interactive behaviour?A. I's easy to perform.B. It's complex to understand.C. It's difficult to copy.D. It's interesting to video.7. What might further studies be on?A. Children's academic progress.B. Children's growing environment.C. Children's potential physical development.D. Children's behaviours across more age ranges.CSome years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe.I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly claim to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was limited to a little college French.I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, totally unfamiliar with local geography or transportation system？It seemed impossible, and with considerable regret. Suddenly a thought ran through my mind: you can't learn if you don't try. So I accepted the assignment.There were some bad moments. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even advancedbookings, confident that somehow I will manage.The point is that the new, along with the different, is almost scary by definition. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.I've learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a balloon. And I know I'll go on doing such things. It's not because I'm braver or more daring than others. I'm not. But I'll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can accomplish wonders.8. The author accepted the assignment because_________.A. he had never travelled abroad beforeB. he hardly knew any foreign languagesC. he was familiar with any other country in EuropeD. he would learn something new and different by trying9. Which of the following statements is TRUE？A. The author had been abroad only twice.B. The author thought the trip was hard but worthwhile.C. The author admitted that anything different was terrible.D. The author must be good at doing research and making interviews.10. We can infer from the text that the author is_______.A. awkwardB. generousC. stubbornD. brave11. What's the best title of the text？A. An Interesting Trip AbroadB. My First Writing AssignmentC. Ready to Try and ChallengeD. How to Be Daring and Brave.DWhat do you think of 80s pop music? Do the names George Michael, Madonna and Michael Jackson sound familiar? Well, these are just some of the names that were well-known in the music scene of the 80s and early 90s. The 80s pop musicscene was an important step to the popularity (普及) of present-day music. A new wave in the music scene was introduced, which made such music styles as punk rock, rap music and the MTV popular. Although it was an end to the old 60s and 70s styles, it was also the beginning of something big. The popularity of music videos meant that artists now replaced their guitar-based music with visual displays. A new wave of artists came on the scene and the entire industry developed quickly.The most famous 80s pop music video is Michael Jackson’s Thriller. Introduced in 1982, few people can forgetthe video not only because of its never-be-foreseen images, but also because of the popularity it received. Think of how 80s pop music changed the lives of people who grew up in the 80s. Ask a young man today to tell you the names of the “New Kids on the Block” and he will start talking about the neighbor kids who just moved in. These are not the answers you might have heard in the 80s. Though today’s young men do not recognize how cool 80s pop music was, most people will always remember it for what it was and these are happy memories they will always love.Some of the 80s pop music legends (传奇人物) include Madonna, U2, AeroSmith and of course the King of Pop Michael Jackson. Let’s not forget Prince, Tina Turner, Phil Collins and Motown’s Lionel Ritchie. Some of these musicians played music that has stood the test of time. Undoubtedly, the 80s pop music scene will live on for many more years to come.12. What is the text mainly about?A. The characters of 80s pop music.B. What made 80s pop music popular.C. 80s pop music’s steps to popularity.D. The effects of 80s pop music.13. 80s pop music mainly includes the following styles EXCEPT ________.A. guitar-based musicB. the MTVC. rap musicD. punk rock14. Michael Jackson’s Thriller impressed people so deeply mainly because ________.A. it changed the lives of peopleB. he sang it in a special styleC. it was made into a music videoD. it left people with happy memories15. The purpose of the last paragraph is to tell readers that ________.A. 80s pop music is and will remain popularB. 80s pop music has many faultsC. 80s pop music is now out of dateD. we shouldn’t forget the great musicians of the 80s第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019年上海市高三上学期模拟英语试题(九)(原卷版)

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）模拟试题（九）英语试题Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularyDirections : After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the givenword; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Meet Alexa, Your Digital RoommateWho is Alexa? She is a digital assistant that is part of the voice-activated Echo Dot “smart speaker”　produced by Amazon. This year Saint Louis University in Missouri has placed one of the speakers in everydorm room ___1___its campus. Students can ask the virtual assistant anything from “When are the f teams playing?” to “What’s the square root of 1440?”SLU student Brendan McGuire said: “Instead of searching on the Internet while I___2___ (tap) away atmy computer, I can just ask Alexa: Hey Alexa, ask SLU what’s the molecular(分子的)weight of water? And Ican have the answer without ___3___(interrupt) my process.” That’s exactly___4___ school officials had inmind when they decided to provide the smart speakers free of charge for students.“The students we attract ___5___ (drive) to achieve success in and out of the class room,” DavidHakanson, SLU’s vice president, said. “Every minute we can save our students from having to search for th information online is another minute ___6___(commit) to their education.’Saint Louis University is the first in the U S. ___7___ (include) an Echo Dot smart speaker in everycampus living space. Other colleges have also found ways to offer the technology to students. This yearNortheastern University in Boston installed 60 speakers in public places ___8___ students could get answersto common questions.At Arizona State University, engineering students living in the brand-new residence hall have the optionof adding an Amazon Echo Dot to their rooms. “Our focus is putting this technology into the hands of our students in a way___9___ will build an ecosystem.____10____ supports voice technologies throughout theASU campus,” said Heredia, a director at ASU.Section B .Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Notthat there is one word more than you need.UNIQLO’s founder tries to find a way to beat Zara and H&MWhen asked what guides his vision of UNIQLO, Tadashi Yanai, its founder and chief executive, pulls offthe shelf the 1987 autumn/winter collection catalogue of Next, a mass-market British retailer. All of theclothes are so ___11___, he says, that they could be worn today. While Zara of Spain and H&M of Swedenfollow fashion trends without having any original thought, UNIQLO of Japan ___12___ to timeless basics.Mr. Yanai has a/an ___13___ base at home from which to develop into his Western competitors’ mai markets of Europe and America. But instead his ___14___ remains Asia. “Asia is the engine of growth today,he says, pointing to the millions of consumers across the ___15___ who are reaching the middle class.UNIQLO will open its first shop in India this year and is considering ___16___ into Vietnam and othercountries (it has already opened networks of shops in Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand).___17___ greatly to investors at home. Fast The success or n ot of UNIPLO’s overseas operations--- Mr. Yanai owns just over 20% of the firm --- have been rising since 2015, analystsRetailing’s sharesestimate, largely owing to its international expansion and improved logistics (物流). At home the firm isclosing stores because the population is ___18___. Last year UNIQLO’s international profits overtook its___19___ sales for the first time and its foreign operation profits almost equaled its Japanese equivalent.Though they are very different markets, Europe and America offer a cautionary tale. UNIQLO inAmerica struggled outside the big cities of the east and west coasts. Growth in America remains ____20____for UNIQLO both there and in Europe. However, Mr. Yanai, an enthusiastic fan of globalization, is confidentthat he can guide UNIQLO through the changes needed.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases markedA, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In today’s American society, high school dropout (辍学) has become a big problem threatening socialand economic stability, as many cases of family ___21___ or even tragedies, caused by youth dropout, arecatching headlines in media. Dropping out is defined as leaving school without a high school diploma (毕业证书) or equivalent ___22___ such as a General Educational Development (GED) certificate. Although students who drop out come from various backgrounds, several ___23___ facts can be noticed. National data show that students from low-income, black or single-parent families are much more likely to drop out of school thantheir fellow students. ___24___ performance is also playing a role. Students receiving poor grades which, in turn, leads to ___25___ self-recognition, are sure to be on the high-risk list of dropping out.In recent years, advances in technology have ___26___ the demand for a highly skilled labor force, changing a high school education into a minimum requirement for entry into the labor market. As high school completion has become a(n) ___27___ requirement for many entry-level jobs, dropouts are having a really hard time in today’s job market. On average, dropouts are more likely to beunemployed than high school graduates and to earn less money even if they ___28___ find jobs. Employed dropouts in a variety of studies are usually working at unskilled jobs or at ___29___ service occupations offering little opportunity for promotion.Considering the serious consequences dropping out may bring about, national leaders have demanded that schools, communities, and families take major measures to keep students at school. To make school attendance compulsory (强制的) looks like an effective measure. ____30____, many people fear that it will not go far as compulsory attendance usually indicates monitoring on students, which might cause ____31____ from the students. Others including President Trump, focus their dropout prevention efforts on a program to____32____ class size, replacing large high schools with smaller learning communities where poor students can get ____33____ instruction from experienced teachers. Combined with frequent home visits by teachers, which definitely ____34____ families to participate in prevention efforts, the program is reported to takeeffect and the nationwide school attendance is ____35____.21. A. reunion B. conflicts C. establishments D. happiness22. A. opportunities B. lengths C. terms D. qualifications23. A. common B. strange C. possible D. positive24. A. Financial B. Communicative C. Academic D. Social25. A. separate B. negative C. significant D. standard26. A. fueled B. changed C. challenged D. supposed27. A. unbearable B. joint C. single D. basic28. A. eventually B. attentively C. readily D. generally29. A. long-lasting B. hard-working C. low-paying D. public-recognizing。

【名师精品】2019上海宝山区高三英语一模试卷和答案.docx

宝山区20XX学年度第一学期质量监控复习试卷高三英语 20XX.12.23I. Listening CompYehensionSection ADiYections: In Section A, you will heaY ten shoYt conveYsations between two speakeYs. At the end of each conveYsation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conveYsations and the questions will be spoken only once. AfteY you heaY a conveYsation and the question about it, Yead the fouY possible answeYs on youY papeY, and decide which one is the best answeY to the question you have heaYd.1. A. Husband and wife. B. Guests and hostess.C. CustomeY and waitYess.D. Boss and employee.2. A. Watch the pYogYam on TV. B. Look foY cats at the man.C. Meet the man at the cat eGhibition.D. In an office.3. A. BoYYow the typewYiteY. B. Visit the woman.C. Go home soon.D. Yead the woman’s papeY.4. A. The man. B. Both. C. The woman. D. NeitheY.5. A. The books theYe aYe too eGpansive.B. She won’t be able to get the book befoYe the class.C. The teGtbook she need isn’t in yet.D. She hopes to get a good deal on some second-hand book.6. A. Take the bus to the aiYpoYt. B. Meet the BYowns at the aiYpoYt.C. Make a phone call to the BYowns.D. Accompany the BYowns to the aiYpoYt.7. A. The man will have a testB. The man will pYobably go to the movie.C. The man will have to sit foY a eGam.D. The woman wishes she could go to the class with the man.8. A. The Yesult hasn’t come yet.B. The Yesults weYe checked again last nightC. The woman needs anotheY test tomoYYow.D. The doctoY hasn’t come back fYom the lab.9. A.Most neighboYs aYe as noisy as the woman.B. Talking to the neighboYs politely might be the best way.C. He’d like to know why the woman is angYy.D. The woman is too polite foY heY neighboYs10. A. He needs to but anotheY umbYella. B. It will Yain much lateY inthe week.C. It will pYobably Yain tomoYYowD. The weatheY foYecast almost neveYagYee.Section BDiYections: In Section B, you will heaY two shoYt passages, and you will be asked thYee questions on each of the passages. The passages will be Yead twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you heaY a question，Yead the fouY possible answeYs on youY papeY and decide which one would be the best answeY to the question you have heaYd. Questions 11 thYough 13 aYe based on the following passage.11. A. They used to be unable to listen to public debates.B. They weYe moYe patient and sociable than people now.。

2019年上海市高三上学期模拟考试(十)英语试题及答案解析

2019年上海市高三上学期模拟考试（十）英语试题注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息；2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上。

第I卷（选择题）一、完形填空Don't look now, but that tree may be watching you. Several lines of recent research suggest that plants are capable of 1 and may even possess something like an eye, despite a very simple one.The idea that plants may have “eyes” is，in a way, nothing 2 . In 1907 Francis Darwin, Charles's son, assumed that leaves have organs that are a combination of lens-like cells and light- sensitive cells. Experiments in the early 20th century seemed to 3 that such structures, now called ocelli(单眼), exist, but the concept of a “seeing plant” fell by the wayside—only to 4 in the past few years.In a recent issue of Trends in Plant Science, Frantisek Baluska, a plant cell biologist at the University of Bonn in Germany, and Stefano Mancuso, a plant physiologist at the University of Florence in Italy, lay out new 5 for visually aware vegetation. To make their case, the researchers first point to the 2016 6 that Syn-echocystis cyanobacteria (蓝藻),single-celled plants capable of photosynthesis, act like ocelli. “These cyanobacteria use the entire cell body as a lens to focus an image of the light source at the cell membrane (膜), as in the retina(视网膜)of an animal eye,” says University of London microbiologist Conrad Mullineaux, who helped to make the discovery. Although researchers are not sure what the purpose of this mechanism is, its 7 suggests that a similar one could have evolved in higher plants. “If something like this is already pres ent at the lower level of evolution, it is most likely 8 Baluska says. Recent work also 9 that some plants, such as the cabbage and mustard relative Arabidopsis, make proteins that are involved in the development and functioning of eyespots--the eyes found in some single-celled plants. These 10specifically show up in structures called plastoglobuli, which are known for giving autumn leaves their red and orange colours. “This discovery suggests that plastoglobuli in plants may 11 eye spots,” Baluska says.Other observational research reveals plants have visual capabilities we just do not 12 yet. For instance, as reported in 2014 in Current Biology, the climbing wood vine Boquila trifoliolata can somehow modify its leaves to imitate the colors and shapes of its host plant.Although the evidence for eyelike structures in higher plants remains 13 , it is growing. “I had never heard about plant vision, and I would have dismissed it as14until my own discovery of cyanobacteri a acting as a camera eye,” says biotechnologist Nils Schuergers, co-author of the 2016 study on Synechocystis. The next 15 is to confirm the early 20th-century experiments showing that plant cells themselves can act like lenses—and researchers still need to figure out all the ends to which plants put their sight. 1．A．vision B．breath C．hearing D．emotion 2．A．wrong B．true C．interesting D．new 3．A．confirm B．explore C．warn D．ignore 4．A．re-issue B．re-form C．re-check D．re-emerge 5．A．approach B．evidence C．plan D．theory 6．A．concept B．discovery C．research D．evolution 7．A．development B．function C．existence D．intention 8．A．recorded B．found C．kept D．broken 9．A．wonders B．recalls C．denies D．shows 10．A．proteins B．plants C．colours D．leaves 11．A．depend on B．act as C．stick to D．engage in 12．A．announce B．develop C．apply D．understand 13．A．limited B．sufficient C．convincing D．divided 14．A．unimportant B．unlikely C．meaningful D．realistic 15．A．item B．choice C．challenge D．mistake二、阅读理解The annual Canadian commercial seal hunt is the world's largest hunt of marine mammals.A few weeks old, the seal pups(幼崽)are prized primarily for their skins and also for theomega-3-rich oil used in food supplements--products that are shipped around the world.This month, the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Geneva, Switzerland, is expected to announce whether products from commercial seal hunting can be marketed in Europe. At present, they cannot. Such products have been banned by the European Union (EU) since 2009 to protect ‘public morals’ Canada and Norway have asked the WTO to overturn the ban — the first of its kind -- and the trade body will soon deliver its final decision.As an official observer, I have seen the hunt from the ice and from helicopters. The details are grisly. That is why the WTO originally agreed that the EU could act to limit trade on the grounds of public morals — the first time that such a restriction had been put in place.When they are born, seal pups have white fur. They are abandoned by their mothers at about 12 days of age. Stranded on the unstable ice, they remain alone and unfed for up to six weeks, and during this time their fur changes from white to grey--and the hunters arrive.The pups are either shot from boats, or clubbed with a wooden bat or an iron-tipped pole called a hakapik. Some shot and injured seals slide into the water and are lost. Many shot and injured animals could potentially suffer for several minutes while the hunters drive their boats close enough to club them unconscious. If the ice is too unstable for the hunters to cross, shot and injured but conscious and reactive seals can be dragged into the boats with long hooked gaffs (鱼叉) before being clubbed.As a human and as a scientist I consider the hunt to present real and significant welfare concerns. The available scientific evidence supports that opinion. But science, of course, is only one of the factors at play. Perhaps the final word should go to a statement attributed to Mahatma Gandhi: “The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated.”16．Why is WTO’s ban introduced in the passage “the first of its kind”？A．It is the first to take little notice of the economic results.B．It is the first to take moral standards into account.C．It is the first to have been overturned in history.D．It is the first to put animals’ welfare in place.17．The word “grisly” most probably means .A．accurate B．unpleasantC．vague D．available18．The writer describes the process of seal hunting in detail in paragraph 5 in order to .A．prove it requires much experience B．introduce what tools are needed C．show readers how violent it is D．stress how helpless seals are 19．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．WTO is going to lift the ban on seal huntingB．Canada decreases its commercial seal huntingC．The moral problem with commercial seal huntingD．How animals are treated vary from country to countryPenguin Fun Clubs are found on campsites throughout Europe. They offer a range of enjoyable activities for children aged 4—14 years and we pride ourselves on delivering exciting times that children love and parents trust. Our fun-packed clubs are located throughout France, Spain, Italy, Germany and the UK, where our fame for high quality childcare depends on the professionalism and hard work of our on-camp staff.In all our clubs we offer a varied timetable packed with exciting activities.We are looking for enthusiastic and caring young adults to work in our camps for all or part of the coming Summer season.Why work for Penguin Fun Clubs?• Penguin Fun Clubs offer full in-house training by our experienced training team，including a course in basic first aid.• You will meet and work with like-minded individuals.• We will pay expenses to cover your return journey to the campsite where you are based.• You will be given accommodation and food throughout your time at the camp.• You will be g iven a fixed amount of pocket money each week (amount depending on age and the country in which you are based).• You will gain valuable experience for any future career, especially one which involves working with children.• We are flexible if you’re only able to work for part of the season.• Impress us on camp and there's the opportunity to work with us for many seasons to come.• We run Penguin Fun Clubs throughout the summer from July to September.Job descriptionAs a Penguin Fun Club helper you will work with small groups of children supervisingthem in a range of structured activities and using equipment provided by the camp. (There is plenty of opportunity to think up your own activities for your group.) Clubs will run in the mornings from 10.00 to 12.30 and in the evenings from 17.00 to 19.00. All Penguin Fun Club helpers will work for six days a week. In your free time you will have full access to all the campsite facilities.Penguin Fun Club helpers should show enthusiasm at all times and encourage maximum participation in the activities from the children with whom they are working.RequirementsAll applicants:• must be over 16 years of age• should have an interest in/previous experience of working with children• have some knowledge of the langu age of the country in which they wish to work• be enthusiastic and organised with excellent communication skills and a good sense of initiative• work well in a team with other like-minded individuals20．The passage is aimed to__________.A．introduce the job opportunities Penguin Fun Clubs will offerB．promote Penguin Fun Clubs as a great place of entertainment for kidsC．look for those interested in helping Penguin Fun Clubs this summerD．recommend the exciting activities that Penguin Fun Clubs provide21．Those working for Penguin Fun Clubs need to_________.A．be able to work from July through SeptemberB．pay for the transportation to and from the clubC．find a place near the club to live in the summerD．talk in the language of the country where they work22．What can Penguin Fun Clubs’ on-camp staff do?A．Work just 30 hours a week. B．Use all campsite facilities.C．Get a full-day outdoor training. D．Design entertainment equipment for kids.Look around on your next plane trip. Younger school-aged children read stories on smartphones; older boys don't read at all, but play video games. Parents and other passengers read on Kindles or skim emails and news feeds. An invisible transformation links everyone inthis picture: the neuronal circuit(神经元回路）that underlies the brain’s ability to read is changing—a change with implications for everyone from the pre-reading kids to the expert adult.As work in neurosciences indicates, the ability to read necessitated a new circuit in our species’ brain more than 6.000 years a go. That circuit evolved from a very simple mechanism (机能)for decoding basic information, like the number of goats, to the present, complicated reading brain. My research describes how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and affective processes: internalized knowledge, reasoning, and inference; perspective-taking and empathy (共鸣): critical analysis and the generation of insight. Research conducted in many parts of the world now warns that each of these essential “deep reading” processes may be under threa t as we move into digital-based reading.This is not a simple issue of print VS digital reading and technological innovation. As MIT scholar Sherry Turkle has written, we do not err(犯错）as a society when we innovate, but when we ignore what we destroy or weaken while innovating. At this moment between print and digital cultures, society needs to face what is being weakened in the expert reading circuit, and what we can do about it.We know from research that the reading circuit is not given to human beings through a genetic blueprint like vision or language; it needs an environment to develop. Further, it will adapt to that environment’s requirements—from different writing systems to the characteristics of whatever medium is used. If the dominant medium advantages processes that are fast, multi-task oriented and well-suited for large volumes of information, like the current digital medium, so will the reading circuit. As UCLA psychologist Patricia Greenfield writes, the result is that less attention and time will be devoted to slower, time-demanding deep reading processes, like inference, critical analysis and empathy, all of which are necessary to learning at any age.There's an old rule in neuroscience that does not alter with age: use it or lose it. It is a very hopeful principle when applied to critical thought in the reading brain because it implies choice. The story of the changing reading brain is hardly finished. We possess both the science and the technology to identify and redress the changes in how we read before they become deep-rooted. If we work to understand exactly what we will lose, alongside the extraordinary new functions that the digital world has brought us, there is as much reason for excitement as caution.23．The first paragraph is meant to____________.A．explain a theory related to reading brainsB．introduce a change in people’s reading habitsC．complain about people’s reading less and lessD．draw attention to the unusual environment on board24．What can be inferred from the passage about the reading circuit?A．It is not what we are born with.B．It existed for longer than human beings.C．It enables us to recognize others’ feelings.D．It was a main contributor to the writing system.25．According to the writer, what is the very thing that we ignore, destroy or weaken while we are innovating our way to read now?A．How long our attention lasts. B．Print technologies.C．Deep reading processes. D．Learning strategies for people of all ages. 26．Which of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with?A．The old rule of “use it or lose it” doesn’t apply well in today’s fast developing world. B．Science and technology are to blame for what we have lost while entering a digital age. C．Deep-rooted principles will prevent us identifying and redressing the changes in reading. D．We should evaluate how we read now before moving quickly into digital-based reading.第II卷（非选择题）三、语法填空Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There are more and more cases of drivers behaving violently towards other road27．(use).Research has shown that this new form of crime28．(call) road rage (路怒）is a growing worldwide problem. Road rage can happen to anyone at any time.A survey has shown that the morning rush hour appears to be29．most likely time for a road rage attack, and attackers ate most likely to be30．their 20s or 30s. Driving too close and sudden braking (刹车)31．(be) the biggest causes of road rage. Irresponsible drivers32．drive too close often make the driver in front 33．(respond) by sudden braking.34．(fortuna te), most road rage incidents don’t lead to death or injury35．they can be extremely unpleasant for the victim. My advice : Keep cool. If will only make things36．(bad). Mobile phones can be useful to you. You should telephone the police immediately if you feel an aggressive situation could get out of control.四、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Overcoming Obstacles: How Your Biggest Failure Can Lead to Your SuccessThere’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where 37．is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success.Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is 38．not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something --- say painting or speaking foreign languages --- but this ability can be improved through 39．practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally (理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m afailure”. But when you 40．your thinking, you will probably see what you can control --- your behavior, your planning, your reactions --- and change them.The primary 41．between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it --- a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win 42．, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to 43．. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to 44．your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure 45．you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep goi ng. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy, you should give a second thought to the 46．of your goal and even set a new one.五、六选四Various studies have shown that increased spending on education has not led to measurable improvements in learning. Between 1980 and 2008, staff and teachers at U.S. public schools grew roughly twice as fast as students.47．Universities show similar trends of increased administration personnel and costs without greater learning, as documented in Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa's recent book Academically Adrift:Limited Learning on College Campuses.A survey shows that 63% of employers say that recent college graduates don't have the skills they need to succeed and 25% of employers say that entry-level writing skills are lacking.Some simplistically attribute the decline in our public education system to the drain of skilled students by private schools, but far more significant events were at work.Public schools worked well until about the 1970s.48．It was the under performing students who were thrown out of public schools and went to private ones.A prominent reason public schools did well was that many highly qualified women hadfew options for working outside the house other than being teachers or nurses. 49．Having such a large supply of talented women teachers meant that society could pay less for their services.Women’s liberation opened up new professional opportunities for women, and,over time, some of the best left teaching as a career option, bringing about agradual decline in the quality of schooling.50．Large education bureaucracies and unions came to dominate the landscape, confusing activity with achievement. Bureaucrats regularly rewrite curriculums, talk nonsense about theories of education, and require ever more administrators. The end result has been that, after all the spending, students have worse math and reading skills than both their foreign peers and earlier generations spending far less on education ---- as all the accumulating evidence has now documented.A．They accepted relatively low pay, difficult working conditions, and gave their very best. B．In fact, until that time, public schools provided far better education than private ones. C．Achievement tests have failed to truly reflect the quality of teaching.D．The heavy teaching loads left them little time and energy for family life.E．Also around that time, regulations, government, and unions came to dictate pay, prevent adjustments.F．Yet students showed no additional learning in achievement tests.六、概要写作51．SummaryWritingSociologists have long recognized that organization of less than 200individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members.Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting lessflexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting fromfailures of communication.One solution to this problem would, of course, be tostructure large organizations into smaller units of a size that can act as agroup. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, largerorganizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 willnever of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization.Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build directpersonal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be ableto communicate with each other in a casual way.Maintaining too formal astructure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.The importance of this was drawn to my attention twoyears ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design, it sohappened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The wholeprocess worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they weremoved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the workseemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.It was some time before they work out what the problemwas. It turn out that, when the architects were designing the new building,they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunchtimes was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, theyaccidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the wholeorganization. What had apparently been happening was that, as people gatheredinformally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information wascasually being exchanged.七、汉译英Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52．开会的时间确定了吗？（fix)53．哪一支队伍获得了最终的胜利还不知道。

2019届上海市上海中学高三上学期第一模拟考试英语试题含解析

2019届上海市上海中学高三上学期第一次模拟英语注意事项： 1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

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第I 卷（选择题）一、完形填空Directions: Foreach blank in the following passage are four words or phrases marked A ． B ． CandD ． Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research hasshown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion ofthe cultural orpolitical problems of the day, not heated debates about filmswe've just watched or books we've just finished reading,but plain and simple___1__.Language isour greatest treasure as a species, and what do we ___2___ do with it? Wegossip. About others'behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing whatwith whom, who's in and who's out ——and why; how to dealwith difficult____3__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are wekeen on gossiping? Are we just natural _4_____, of both time and words? Or do wetalk a lotabout nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the reallyimportant issues of life? It's not the case accordingto Professor RobinDunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution ofLanguage, thepsychologist says gossip is one of these really__5____issues.Dunbar __6____the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stageof socialdevelopment in order to organize their manly hunting activities moreeffectively, or even to promote the exchangeof poetic stories about theirorigins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved amongwomen.We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we cantalk, argues Dunbar —____7__, he goes on tosay, languageevolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbararrived at his cheery theory by studying the __8____ of the higher primates likemonkeys. By means of grooming ——cleaning the fur by brushing it,monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support inthe event of some kind of conflict within the group or___9___ from outside it. As we humanbeings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __10____that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together madesense because the bigger the group, the greater the ___11___ it provided; on theother hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close toothers. Grooming helped to ___12___ the pressure and calm everybody down. But as thegroups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activitiesalso had to be ____13__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __14____kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocalgrooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groupsby exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would bepossible by one-to-one ___15___ contact. 1．A ． claim B ． description C ． gossip D ． language 2．A ． occasionally B ． habitually C ． independently D ． originally 3．A ． social B ． political C ． historical D ． cultural 4．A ． admirers B ． masters C ． users D ． wasters 5．A ． vital B ． sensitive C ． ideal D ． difficult 6．A ． confirms B ． rejects C ． outlines D ． broadens 7．A ． for instance B ． in addition C ． on the contrary D ． as a result 8．A ． motivation B ． appearance C ． emotion D ． behavior 9．A ． attack B ． contact C ． inspection D ． assistance 10．A ． recalls B ． denies C ． concludes D ． confesses 11．A ． prospect B ． responsibility C ． leadership D ． protection 12．A ． measure B ． show C ． maintain D ． ease 13．A ． saved B ． extended C ． consumed D ． gained 14．A ． common B ． efficient C ． scientific D ． thoughtful 15．A ． indirect B ． daily C ． physical D ． secret 二、阅读理解 The teacherwho did the most to encourage me was, as it happens, my aunt.She was Myrtle C ． Manigault, the wife of my mother's brother Bill. She taught me in second gradeat all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.此卷只装订不密封班级姓名准考证号考场号座位号During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouragedme to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what wasconsidered practical or possible for black females.I liked to sing; shelistened to my voice and pronounced it good.I couldn't dance; she taught me thebasic dancing steps.She took me to the theatre-not just children's theatre butadult comedies and dramas-and her faiththat I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.My aunt also took down books from her extensivelibrary and shared them with me.I had books at home, but they were all serious classics.Even as a child I had a strongliking for humour, and I'll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis's Archy & Mehitabel throughher.Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided myfirst opportunity to write for publication.A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to theeditor as a "youth columnist". My column, begun when I was fourteen,was supposed to cover teenage social activities-and it did-but it also gave methe freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gatheringmaterial, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation fromcollege six years later, a solid collection of published material that carriedmy name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her "favouriteniece". Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilities to every pupilwho has crossed her path.16．Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhoodand youth?A．She lent her some serious classics.B．She cultivated her taste for music.C．She discovered her talent for dancing.D．She introduced her to adult plays.17．What does Archy & Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?A．A book of great fun.B．A writer of high fame.C．A serious masterpiece.D．A heartbreaking play.18．Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to ________.A．develop her capabilities for writingB．give her a chance to collect materialC．involve her in teenage social activitiesD．offer her a series of writing jobs19．We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who________.A．trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplinedB．gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potentialC．emphasized what was practical or possible for pupilsD．helped pupils overcome difficulties in learningHumpback WhalesHumpback whales are sometimes calledperformers of the ocean.This is because they can make impressive movements whenthey dive.The name“humpback”, which isthe common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whale'sback forms as it dives.Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantasticmovement known as a breach.During breaching the whale uses its powerful tailflukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap.A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out likewings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach.A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of thewater through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head.It blowsa double stream of water that can rise up to 4 metres above the water.The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towardsthe tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back.Other distinguishingfeatures include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the bodylength, and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tailflukes.These markings are like finger prints: no two are the same.Humpback whales live in large groups.They communicatewith each other through complex “songs”.20．According to Quick Facts, ahumpback whale _____.A．cannot survive in waters near the shoreB．doesn't live in the same waters all the timeC．lives mainly on underwater plantsD．prefers to work alone when hunting food21．To make a breach, a humpback whale must _____.A．use its tail flukes to leap out of the waterB．twist its body sideways to jump highC．blow two streams of waterD．communicate with a group of humpbacks22．From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale _____.A．has its unique markings on its tail flukesB．has black and white fingerprintsC．gets its name from the way it huntsD．is a great performer due to its songsIf you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbouror a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to stepinto the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality device.Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a bodyswapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group ofartists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using amachine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "AsI looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner'spants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple.Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The videofrom each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact viewof your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, shesees it.To get used to seeing anotherperson's body without actually having control of it, participants start byraising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along.Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants reallystart to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises toalter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies haveshown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias thathumans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at theUniversity of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the ImplicitAssociation Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between,for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic orawkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digitalcharacter using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. Thistime, the participants' bias scores were lowe r. The idea is that once you've"put yourself in another’s shoes" you're less likely to think ill ofthem, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to BeAnother hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping,people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau,a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kindof experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."23．The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A．buildingB．exchangingC．controllingD．transplanting24．We can infer from the experimentat the Be Another lab that______.A．our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB．we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC．participants will live more passionately after the experimentD．The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes25．In the Implicit Association Test,before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinneddigital character, ______.A．they fought strongly against racismB．they scored lower on the test for racismC．they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD．they were more biased against those unlike them26．It can be concluded from the passage that______.A．technology helps people realize their dreamsB．our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC．virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD．our points of view about others need changing constantly第II卷（非选择题）三、语法填空Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passagecoherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill ineach blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, useone word that best fits each blank.Today theStatue of Liberty is a beloved landmark. It 27．(tower) above of theharbor of New York and is lovingly cared for by the National Park Service. Manythousands of visitors who visit Liberty Island each year might never suspectthat getting the statue 28．(build) was a long slow struggle. More than acentury ago, it 29．(be) the celebration of freedom and the commemorationof the friendship between America and France that inspired sculptor AugusteBartholdi and finally he went forward with designing the potential statue andpromoting the idea of building it. However, money was so big a problem 30．was haunting the two governments from the beginning to the end.Donations forthe building of the statue first began coming in throughout France in 1875.Numerous people gave donations. A copper company donated the copper sheets thatwould be used to fashion the skin of the statue. Various donations werehelpful, 31．the cost of the statue kept riding. 32．(face) with ashortfall of money, the French-American Union held a lottery. Merchants inParis donated prizes, and tickets were sold. The lottery was a success, butmore money was still needed. The sculptor Bartholdi eventually sold miniatureversions of the statue, 33．the name of the buyer engraved on them.Finally, in July 1880 the French-American Union announced that enough money hadbeen raised to complete the building of the statue.While theFrench had announced that the funds for the statues were in place in 1880, bylate 1882 the American donations, which would be needed to build the pedestal,were sadly lagging. The sculptor Bartholdi had travelled to America in 1871 topromote the idea of the statue. Despite Bartholdi’s efforts, the idea of thestatue was difficult 34．(sell). some newspapers, most notably the New YorkTimes, often criticized the statue as folly, and vehementlyopposed 35．(spend) any money on it. The newspaper publisher JosephPulitzer, who had purchased a New York City daily, The World, in the early1880s, took us the cause of the statue’s pede stal. He mounted an energetic funddrive, promising to print the name of each donor, 36．small the donation,Pulitzer’s audacious plan worked, and millions of people around the countrybegan donating whatever they could.In August1885, that final $100,000 for the statue;s pedestal had been raised.Construction work on the stone structure continued, and the next year theStatue of Liberty, which had arrived from France packed in crated, was erectedon top.四、信息匹配Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can beused only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.Let's sayyou've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have timeto carefully plan menus for meals or read food 37．at the supermarket. Sinceyou really38．yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come inhandy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" canhelp39．some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects arepeople who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. Forexample, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket——including which shelf the peanut buttergoes on, and how the oranges are piled up——is a choice architect.Governmentsdon't have to40．healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans.Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect——one that encourages us to choose what isbest——we will do the right things. In otherwords, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthierchoices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom tochoose with41．hints from choice architects, who aim to help people livelonger, healthier, and happier lives.The Britishand Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic lightsystem" to 42．foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customerscan see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains43．bylooking at the lights on the package. A green light 44．that the amounts ofthe three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer shouldbe45．; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the threenutrients and should be eaten in 46．. The customer is given important healthinformation, but is still free to decide what to choose.Various studies have shown that increased spending on education has notled to measurable improvements in learning. Between 1980 and 2008, staff andteachers at U.S. public schools grew roughly twice as fast as students.47．Universities show similar trends ofincreased administration personnel and costs without greater learning, asdocumented in Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa's recent book Academically Adrift:Limited Learning on College Campuses.A survey shows that 63% ofemployers say that recent college graduates don't have the skills they need tosucceed and 25% of employers say that entry-level writing skills are lacking.Some simplistically attribute thedecline in our public education system to the drain of skilled students byprivate schools, but far more significant events were at work.Public schools worked well untilabout the 1970s.48．It was the underperforming students who werethrown out of public schools and went to private ones.A prominent reason public schoolsdid well was that many highly qualified women had few options for workingoutside the house other than being teachers or nurses. 49．Having such a large supply oftalented women teachers meant that society could pay less for their services.Women’s liberation opened up new professional opportunities fo r women, and,over time, some of the best left teaching as a career option, bringing about agradual decline in the quality of schooling.50．Large educationbureaucracies and unions came to dominate the landscape, confusing activitywith achievement. Bureaucrats regularly rewrite curriculums, talk nonsenseabout theories of education, and require ever more administrators. The endresult has been that, after all the spending, students have worse math andreading skills than both their foreign peers and earlier generations spendingfar less on education ---- as all the accumulating evidence has now documented.A．They accepted relatively low pay, difficult working conditions, and gave their very best.B．In fact, until that time, public schools provided far better education than private ones.C． Achievement tests have failed to truly reflect the quality of teaching.D． The heavy teaching loads left them little time and energy for family life.E.Also around that time, regulations, government, and unions came to dictate pay, prevent adjustments.F.Yet students showed no additional learning in achievement tests.五、读写任务51．SummaryWritingSociologists have long recognized that organization of less than 200individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members.Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting lessflexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting fromfailures of communication.One solution to this problem would, of course, be tostructure large organizations into smaller units of a size that can act as agroup. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, largerorganizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 willnever of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization.Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build directpersonal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be ableto communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal astructure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.The importance of this was drawn to my attention twoyears ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design, it sohappened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The wholeprocess worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they weremoved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the workseemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.It was some time before they work out what the problemwas. It turn out that, when the architects were designing the new building,they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunchtimes was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, theyaccidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the wholeorganization. What had apparently been happening was that, as people gatheredinformally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information wascasually being exchanged. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________六、根据所给汉语意思完成句子Translation52．他和他的同学都不喜欢放学后补课。

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2018-2019学年上海中学高三第一学期摸底考试II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirection: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the other answer that best completes the sentence.25.While I was waiting to enter ________ university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper ateaching post at a school in ________ suburb of London.A. /, aB. an, aC. a, theD. the ,the26.In most cases, ________ a passenger has his ticket and managers to catch his train, he canreach his destination more comfortably than ________ he had to drive himself.A. once, ifB. that ,ifC. when, whileD. where, when27.The invention of the modern computer is one of the great contributions ________ to man’sefficiency.A. having ever been madeB. ever been madeC. ever madeD. having ever made28.I was not able to work out the problem ________ my teacher explained it.A. asB. unlessC. untilD. when29.For him to be re-elected, what is essential is not that his policy works, but ________ thepublic believe that it does.A. /B. whetherC. thatD. if30.What struck the audience most was ________ the blind girl could accomplish with her ownhands.A. thatB. whatC. whoD. so31.The pressure ________ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under aconstant emotional strain.A. to completeB. completingC. to be completedD. to have completed32.Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. being lack of33.________ Japanese is certainly complex, it is by no means impossible to learn.A. WhereasB. WhileC. SinceD. As34.To the students________, the new teacher felt very nervous to say anything, with handsslightly________.A. concerned with, shakenB. concerned, shakingC. concerned with, shakingD. concerned, shaken35.–I can’t find Ms. Miller. Where did you meet her this morning?–It was in the hotel ________ he was staying.A. thatB. whichC. the oneD. where36.________ your opinion was worth considering, they won’t place too much importance on it.A. AsB. SinceC. UnlessD. If only37.We shall meet at the same place ________ we met for the first place.A. thatB. whereC. asD. which38.The monitor suggested ________ to the Sea World in the summer vocation.A. to me visitingB. their visitingC. to me their visitD. they visit39.He often wrote to the writer ________ the thought would help him to become a writer, too.A. whomB. whoC. becauseD. when40.In the past decade, geologists have come closer than ever to ________ the age of the earth.A. calculateB. calculatingC. be calculatingD. have calculatedSection BDirection: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Traffic science is one of those ____41____ seems permanently poised on the verge of a breakthrough. Professional journals regularly publish promising research, and the ____42____ trumpets their importance. However, it turns out that traffic is a deceptively complicated problem. It ____43____ molecular physics, in fact, because it's a system of individual particles ____44____ in complex ways. Except, with traffic, the particles have minds of their own.There are two kinds of traffic flow. In uncongested stable flows, cars can move at or near the speed limit, and the "unstable regime," what laypeople (外行) call a stop-and-go traffic. What scientists have figured out over the past decade or so is when and why traffic ____45____ between the two.“We see in our models that traffic becomes unstable when the number of cars(passing a specific spot) per lane per hour reaches between 2,000 and 2,500. At that nominal capacity level, traffic is very likely to become unstable,” says Hani Mahmassani, a traffic scientist at Northwestern University in Chicago.Consider a ____46____ case. A slow-moving car shifts into the left lane to pass an even slower-moving car. The car ____47____ behind the lane-changer has to decelerate ____48____ - not just to the speed of the car in front of him, but slow enough to create a safe driving distance between them. The next car back has to slow down even more, again to give itself a ____49____. This slowdown ripples back through the lane and eventually spreads into the other lanes as nearby drivers notice the sea of brake lights and reflexively slow down. Traffic researchers ____50____ to this as a shock wave, and it can travel back for miles.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)There are many things parents can do to help children with autism (自闭症) overcome their challenges.Learning all you can about autism and getting (51)________ in treatment will go a long way towar d helping yourchild. Additionally, the following tips will make daily home life easier for both you and your autist ic child:●Be consistent (一致的). Children with autism have a hard time (52)________ what they've learned if there is a change of setting. For example, your child may use sign language at school to communicate, but never thinkto do so at home. Creating (53)________ in your child's environment is the best way to reinfo rce learning.Find out what your child's therapists are doing and continue their techniques at home. Explore the(54)________ of having therapy take place in more than one place in order to encourage yourchild to(55)________ what he or she has learned from one environment to another. It's also important to be consistentin the way you (56)________ with your child and deal with challenging behaviors.●(57)________ a schedule. Children with autism tend to do best when they have a highly-structured schedule or routine. Again, this goes back to the consistency they both need and crave. Set up a schedule for your child,with (58)________ times for meals, therapy, school, and bedtime. Try to keep disturbance to t his routine to a(59)________. If there is an unavoidable schedule change, prepare your child for it (60)________.●(61)________ good behavior. Positive reinforcement can go a long way with children with autism, so makean effort to 'catch them doing something good.' Praise them when they act appropriately or learn a new skill, being very (62)________ about what behavior they‟r e being praised for.●Pay attention to your child's sensory sensitivities. Many children with autism are hypersensitive to light,sound, touch, taste, and smell. Other children with autism are 'under-sensitive' to sensory stimuli.(63)________ what sights, sounds, smells and movements cause your kid's 'bad' or disruptivebehaviors andwhat brings about a(n) (64)________ response. If you understand what affects your child, you'll be better atsolving problems, preventing situations that cause difficulties, and creating (65)________ experiences.51. A. interested B. balanced C. absorbed D. involved52. A. applying B. devoting C. communicating D. appealing53. A. attraction B. comfort C. steadiness D. attention54. A. possibility B. goal C. process D. solution55. A. transplant B. transfer C. transport D. transform56. A. meet B. interact C. negotiate D. associate57. A. Draw up B. Arrange for C. Work out D. Stick to58. A. regular B. flexible C. appropriate D. normal59. A. decrease B. mystery C. minimum D. degree60. A. without doubt B. in private C. without notice D. in advance61. A. Admire B. Stick C. Reward D. Maintain62. A. curious B. specific C. particular D. anxious63. A. Figure out B. Account for C. Put up D. Take on64. A. automatic B. immediate C. positive D. quick65. A. frustrating B. successful C. professional D. unpleasant试卷二(B)Eight years ago, Facebook was a coding project in Mark Zuckerberg's dorm room. Now it'san aggressive business with$4 billion of revenue that is used by one-eighth of the world's population. Here are four main reasons why - reasons that (1)________ to almost every business.1. Move fast.Mark Zuckerberg built the first (2)________ of Facebook in his spare time in his Harvardd o r m r o o m.He d i d n't w r i t e a b u s i n e s s p l a n.He didn't (3)________ ask friends and advisors what they thought of the idea. He didn't ‘reach the market', apply for patents or trademarks, assemble focus groups, or do any of the other thingst h a t e n t r e p r e n e u r s a r e(4)________to do.Mark Zuckerberg built the first (4)________ of Facebook in his spare time in his Harvard dorm room. He didn't write a business plan.He just built a cool product quickly and (5)________ it. And Facebook was born.2. Keep it (6)________.Many companies get so obsessed with all the amazing (7)________ they want to build into their pro d u c t s t h a t t h e ymake their products too complex for anyone to figure out how to use them. The Facebook team kept improving the designof the product, however, each time, they made sure that the service was still easy to use.3. Make your primary focus the product, not the ‘business' or ‘shareholder value'.Mark Zuckerberg was famously (8)________ in Facebook's business in the early days. In fact, hef o c u s e d a l l o f h i senergy on Facebook's product. This product obsession went so far that Zuckerberg continually (9)________a d v e r t i s i n gclients, because he didn't want ads to mess up the service. As Facebook grew, Zuckerberg (10)________h i s f o c u s o n t h eproduct. When Facebook was preparing to go public, Zuckerberg wrote a letter to shareholders inw h i c h h e s t a t e d t h ecompany's intention to focus on its ‘social mission'first and its business second, wishing them to (11)________ with himin that regard.4. Get really really good at hiring… and really really good at firing.The (12)________ of a company has nothing to do with its technology or current products. It hasm o r e t o d o w i t h i t speople. And building a great team means two things: hiring well, and firing well. It's easy to understand how to hire well. Firing well is also (13)________. A hiring mistake is unavoidable. In Fac e b o o k's e a r l yd a y s,t he c o m p a n y m a d e l o t s o fhiring mistakes, but it (14)________ them quickly. (15)________, if your company is growing rap i d l y,i t w i l l e v e n t u a l l youtgrow some of your early executives - and you'll need to replace them.1. A. apply B. relate C. attach D. persist2. A. pattern B. version C. outline D. model3. A. presently B. hastily C. endlessly D. initially4. A. intended B. supposed C. trained D. urged5. A. pushed B. provided C. granted D. launched6. A. delicate B. sensational C. simple D. competent7. A. features B. operation C. skills D. objects8. A. fascinated B. absorbed C. hesitant D. uninterested9. A. called in B. sent for C. asked after D. turned away10. A. switched B. lasted C. maintained D. extended11. A. identify B. unite C. involve D. permit12. A. admiration B. outcome C. strength D. purpose13. A. efficient B. critical C. upright D. cruel14. A. addressed B. dealt C. repaired D. mended15. A. In short B. In addition C. Even though D. As a resultSection BDirection:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them in passage A, B and C, there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you havejust read.(A)The big screen is never short of films about World WarⅡ. When Nazi Germany is featured inthese films, cruel Nazi officers and brutal concentration camps most often represent it. But thenew Hollywood movie Valkyrie te lls a different story, “a chapter of German history which is little known abroad”, according to the German Cultural Minister Bernd Neumann.Valkyrie is based on a true incident that took place in 1944. Colonel Stauffenberg had been aloyal soldier for his entire military career. However, after losing an eye, a hand, and three fingersin an Allied bombing, he reached breaking point. The destruction that his country had brought toits European neighbors had become too terrible for the colonel to bear in silence. He hoped that someone would find a way to stop Adolf Hitler, one of the most evil tyrants the world has ever known. Realizing that time was running out, he decided that he must take action himself and joined the German resistance. These men drew up Operation Valkyrie, a plot to assassinate (murder) Hitler and to overthrow his Nazi government from the inside. This plot is what the filmis named after and focuses on.The Hollywood star Tom Cruise plays the lead role. “This was a very challenging film to make. We carried a huge responsibility to correctly portray history,” Cruise said.However, the production has drawn criticism for lacking depth and for simplifying the motives behind the plot.16.The passage tells us that Valkyrie is _____.A.a story written by Bernd NeumanB. a chapter in a German historybookC. a movie about Nazi concentration campsD. a movie about a plan toassassinate Hitler17.What does the sentence “he reached breaking point” probably mean?A.He narrowly escaped being killed.B. He couldn’t reach out his armfor anything.C. He was rewarded for his brave attempts.D. He decided to make a historicchange in life.18.Why did Tom Cruise say the film was challenging for him?A.Because he never acted in such kind of film before.B. Because he knew little about this episode of history.C. Because he felt it a heavy task to present the real history.D. Because he was afraid that the film might draw criticism.19.The following passage will probably talk about _____.A.the reason why the film is named after ValkyrieB. the comments from the moviecritics on ValkyrieC. the praises from audience after watching ValkyrieD. the importance of the roleCruise plays in Valkyrie(B)Hot Air Balloon Sydney For 2, Weekend Flight INCLUDESFULL GOURMET BREAKFASTItem: HO12955TALocation: Windsor SydneyOur Price: $299(per person for groups of 2•Hot Air Balloon Flight for 2 (there will be others in the balloon basket with you) •NOTHING MORE TO PAY ON THE DAY! YOUR FULL GOURMET BREAKFAST IS INCLUDED IN THE PRICE•Travel with the Tourism Award winners with over 20 years of experience•Float over beautiful Hawkesbury Valley•Colour flight certificateExperience the wonder of a Hot Air Balloon Flight for 2 people. Rising before dawn, you can join the crew in unpacking and preparing the balloon for flight - which is a spectacle in itself! After an exciting launch, you'll drift with the wind silently over the parklands, homes and hills of the Hawkesbury region of Sydney.Hot Air Ballooning begins in the cool, still hours of the early morning, when the air is more stable. The launch site, determined by the weather on the morning, will be in or around the beautiful Hawkesbury Valley. The adventure begins by inflating（使…充气）the balloon using a giant portable fan. Once the balloon starts to take shape the burner is lit, heating the air inside. The hot air inside is lighter than the cool air outside and this is what creates the lift and why it is called a Hot Air Balloon. Passengers are welcome to assist the pilot and crew with inflating the hot air balloon at the launch site, which only takes about 20 minutes.The Hot Air Balloon Flight for 2 is both picturesque and peaceful. You hear very little sound from the awakening world below. The silence is only broken with blasts from the propane burner heating the air in your balloon to keep you cruising across the skies. Watch as the sun bursts from the horizon and paints the sky pink in a spectacular morning sunrise.To top off the morning you'll celebrate with a full gourmet breakfast. This adventure is for 2 people.There will be other people in the balloon basket with you.Hot Air Balloon flights take place at sunrise. The exact time of your Hot Air Balloon flight experience will vary based upon the time of year and will be sent to you upon booking.20. The price $299 includes ______.A. full gourmet breakfastB. two persons’ Hot Air Balloon FlightC. tips for the Tourism Award winnersD. the accident insurance of the participants21. Why does Hot Air Ballooning begin before dawn?A. Tourists needn’t queue for the flight.B. The air at that time is cooler and more stable.C. Tourists can see the spectacular sunrise in the sky.D. Travelers have to start the adventure with their stomach empty.22.. Which of the following statement is TRUE？A. The people in the basket are all tourists.B. The burner is off after the balloon is launched.C. The balloon is launched at the fixed time and place.D. Those who have experienced the flight can get a certificate.(C)Celebrity has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture.Fans used to be crazy about a specific film,but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product.Besides,fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces.As a result,celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential,moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon,but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers,and limited to a few TV actresses.Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands.The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style.As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market,they expand their production scale rapidly,covering almost all the products of daily life.However,for every success story,there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal.No matter how famous the product’s origin is,if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing.And onceToday,celebrities face even more severe embarrassment.The pop-cultural circle might beis limitless.Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition,many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered.As the saying goes,success and failure always go hand in hand.Their success as designers might last only a short time,but fashion - like celebrity - has always been temporary.23.Fashion magazines today ________.A.seldom put models on the coverB.no longer put models on the coverC.need not worry about celebrities’ market potentialD.judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly24. “loyalty(忠诚) returning to tried-and-true labels” in Paragraph 4 echoes the idea that _______.A.ordinary consumers are more concerned with price rather than brand nameB.celebrity branded products can be an instant successC.consumer’s enth usiasm for celebrity branded products prove to be inconstantD.to consumers, quality matters more than the outside of products.25.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that any wrong step will possibly ________.A.decrease the popularity of a celebrity and the sales of his productsB.damage the image of a celebrity in the eyes of the general publicC.cut short the artistic career of a celebrity in show businessD.influence the price of a celebrity’s products26.The passage is mainly about ________. .A.celebrity and personal styleB.celebrity and market potentialC.celebrity and fashion designD.celebrity and clothing industry(D)President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits, research grants, education reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.The most liberal wing of the President's party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.The Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the President's program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defence spending.Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for thoseable to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances,' then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest, that industry can only fall still farther behind its foreign competitors.So the crux is the technology and that is where president's program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance.27.What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?A.They want a more direct action.B.They want an incomes policy to check inflation.C.They want to rebuild industry.D.They want a wall of protective tariffs.28.What is the editors attitude toward the economic restructuring plan?A.supportiveB.indifferentC.disapprovingpromising29.The focus of the President's program is on ________.A.investmentB.economyC.technologyD.tax30. The danger to the plan lies in ________.A.the two parties' objectionB.different idea of the two parties about the planC.its passageD.improper revision of its focus(E)Our mobile devices give us a remarkable ability: to document every moment of our lives. But in our relentless attempt to curate all of these experiences for others using a variety of filters, are we missing perhaps the most important filter of all- a 'moral' one?The latest example of the moral ambiguities of curation in a mobile world came this week, when the New York Post published a photo taken seconds before a man who had been pushed onto the subway tracks was fatally struck. The photo was published on the Post's front page with the chilling headline, 'Doomed' This wasn't the first time a witness to a casualty has opted to capture an image rather than help the victim, but this time, the subway photo controversy extended beyond a single photojournalist faced with a moral dilemma. According to accounts of the tragic NYC subway incident, there were other onlookers as well, snapping photos and recording video in the fateful 22 seconds, rather than attempting to help the victim.If this tragic scenario sounds familiar, that's because it is. Malcolm Gladwell described a similar type of event in his book, The TIPPING Point. In 1964, thirty-eight different New Yorkers refused to help a woman who was being murdered in their neighborhood despite hearing her cries for help. The case of Kitty Genovese was so inexplicable at the time that psychologists have even given it a name- the 'bystander effect'. That people could be aware of such a tragic event happening in front of them and still be unresponsive could only be attributed to a societal diffusion of responsibility. Each of the 38 bystanders felt that enough people were witnessing the event that each of them, individually was no longer responsible for becoming involved.If anything, our mobile devices have intensified this. When faced with difficult or awkward social situations, we often retreat into observer mode, confident that the appearance of being engaged with our device will absolve us of any individual responsibility to act. Yet, when we become silent curators of the world around us, we run the risk of distancing ourselves from our subjects so completely that we no longer feel the moral imperative to act.During the early years of the social media boom, expert commentators liked to say that society was moving from a 'lean back' mode to a 'lean forward' mode. Instead of leaning back and passively consuming TV on our couches, we were leaning forward and adding our voices to the conversation via the Web. We seemed to be more engaged with what was happening in the world around us, interacting with others across many different platforms and seemingly turning every event into a chance for active participation.It would be a shame if the mobile revolution turns out to be a step backward, transforming all of us once again into passive curators of the world around us, rather than active participants. Consider that, as a society, we have reached a point where it is completely acceptable to see twopeople having dinner together, curating photos of the food in front of them rather than conversing with each other. Many of us seem to walk around with our heads permanently down, furiously tapping away on our tiny screens rather than engaging with others. Then, when an event happens - tragic or otherwise - many of us reflexively turn to the screen to capture it, putting us all at risk of turning into mobile bystanders.31.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that________.A. the photojournalist who took the subway photo was from New York PostB. the man who died in the accident committed suicideC. the photojournalist and the bystanders are thought as immoral.D. all the bystanders were busy snapping photos or recording videos32.The subway photo controversy extended beyond a single photojournalist because ________.A. he was supposed to play his moral partB. the publicized photo aroused sympathy among the publicC. life saving should go before any professional dutyD. other onlookers had the same response as the photojournalist33. The 'bystander effect' is caused by ________.A. the widespread use of mobile devicesB. people's decreasing moralityC. the large amount of bystandersD. the dispersion of responsibility34.Which of the following belongs to a 'lean forward' mode?A.Watching TV on the couches.B. Playing offline computer games.C. Remarking on the latest news via the Internet.D. Taking photos of food while having dinner with other people.35.What*s the author's attitude towards mobile bystanders?A. Critical.B. Indifferent.C. Approving.D. Ambiguous.IV. Blank fillingDirections: Read the following tow passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are。