[推荐学习]高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解(6)

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2024届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解说明文解题技巧课件

benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll
draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you
2023 C卷
语篇结构
para.1:
介绍书的写作目的
para.2-4:
介绍书的第一章节:
para.5
介绍书的第二章节:
总分总总分
巧点拨1：同义替换表达
Step3：仔细阅读题干，精准定位信息 Step4：甄别选项，有效运用技巧
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism....and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
28. What is the book aimed at? A. Teaching critical thinking skills. C. Solving philosophical problems.

高考英语二轮科普知识阅读理解解析答案高考_6

2016（浙江）高考英语二轮科普知识阅读理解（2）解析答案科普知识（阅读理解）由(2012新课标全国,B)改编Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar,it is also delicious.Most people,and many animals,like eating it.However,the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild b ees’ nest and take the honey from it.Often,these nests are high up in trees,and it is difficult to find them.In parts of Africa,though,people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper—a little bird called a honey guide.The honey guide does not actually like honey,but it does like the wax in the beehives (蜂房).The little bird cannot reach this wax,which is deep inside the bees’ nest.So,when it finds a suitable nest,it looks for someone to help it.The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people.Once it has their attention,it flies through the forest,waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest.When they finally arrive at the nest,the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches.Some of the honey,and the wax,always falls to the ground,and this is when the honey guide takes its share.Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax,but it is very determined in its efforts to get it.The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away.They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives,and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.1.Why is it difficult to find a wild bees’ nest?()A.It’s small in size.B.It’s hidden in trees.C.It’s covered with wax.D.It’s hard to recognize.2.What do the words “the follower” in Paragraph 2 refer to?()A.A bee.B.A bird.C.A honey seeker.D.A beekeeper.3.The honey guide is special in the way .A.it gets its foodB.it goes to churchC.it sings in the forestD.it reaches into bees’ nests4.What can be the best title for the text?()A.Wild BeesB.Wax and HoneyC.Beekeeping in AfricaD.Honey-Lo ver’s Helper语篇解读:本文为说明文。

高考英语阅读理解科普文(难度较高)()

2014年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解拉分题（较难题目）特训：节能环保类1The Goldman Environmental Foundation recently recognized a group of individuals (个体) for their efforts to protect the environment. Each year, the American-based group honors environmental activists from six different areas.The first three winners of the 2012 Goldman Prize are from Kenya, the Philippines and China.The Goldman Environmental Foundation says Ikal Angelei is a hero to those who live around Lake Turkana. The Kenyan woman received the award because of her efforts to stop a dam project on a river in Ethiopia. Critics say the dam will harm the lake and restrict (限制) the flow of water for people who live nearby.The Philippine island of Mindoro is home to those who depend on the area’s natural resources for food and jobs. Edwin Gariguez became concerned when a European company announced plans to mine for nickel (镍) on the island. The Roman Catholic minister said waste materials from the mining project would pollute the water and destroy the forests. So he started a campaign to stop the project.In China, Ma June is working with businesses to clean up their pollution. He formed a group that collects information about pollution, and publishes it on the Internet. The Goldman Prize was also awarded to activists from Argentina, Russia and the United States.Sofia Gatica of Argentina is from a town where farmers commonly use pesticide (杀虫剂) products to protect soybean crops from insects. The town also has a high rate of cancer. Sofia Gatica belie ved that pesticide use was responsible for the death of her baby. She worked with other mothers to get government officials to ban the use of chemicals near populated areas.Evgenia Chirikova objects to the plans to build a road through a protected forest just outside Moscow. She has demanded that Russian officials redirect th e road away from the forest. She and her followers have been arrested for their activities. However, their campaign has gained widespread public support.The sixth winner is American Caroline Cannon—a community leader in Point Hope, Alaska. Miz Cannon is fighting to keep Arctic waters safe from oil and gasexp loration.60. We can know from the passage that ______.A. the dam project has been preventedB. the first three activists are all from AsiaC. a European company is going to dig for nickelD. Ma June is trying to stop oil and gas exploration61. From the 7th paragraph, we can know that ______.A. pesticide use accounts for a high-rate of cancerB. Sofia managed to ban the use of chemicalsC. the farmers mainly live on unpolluted productsD. the death of the baby was due to delayed treatment62. What do we know about Evgenia Chirikova？A. She plans to build a road to protect the forest.B. She is in charge of a project far away from the road.C. She persuaded the government to set her followers free.D. Her environmental action has been widely acknowledged.63. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Six Advanced Individuals for Hard WorkB. Efforts to Create a Clean and Beautiful WorldC. Six Environmental Activists Win Goldman PrizeD. The Goldman Environmental Foundation Prize2SCS Global Services （SCS） has evaluated a new methodology for measuring the carbon sequestration（封存） ability of soil under the Verified（验证） Carbon Standard （VCS）, a leading greenhouse gas （GHG） accounting system. The methodology, developed by The Earth Partners, will allow land managers who sequester GHGs in grasslands and farmlands to produce carbon credits for sale in the voluntary market.Managers of grasslands and farmlands can increase carbon sequestration in soil by practices such as changing grazing（放牧） practices and operating treatments designed to improve the variety and productivity of plant groups. The Earth Partners is presently piloting this methodology with farmers across seven million acres of the Palouse River and Columbia Plateau regions in the Pacific Northwest. “The VCS p rogram has achieved an important milestone in now combining grassland and rangeland carbon offset（抵消，补偿） projects," said Dr. Robert J. Hrubes, Executive Vice President of SCS."SCS looks forward to approving and verifying agricultural carbon offset projects that use this very powerful new methodology." The VM0021 Soil Carbon Quantification Methodology is based on decades of soil carbon research and testing conducted by top soil scientists. The methodology was developed by The Earth Partners and verified by Environmental Services, Inc. as well as SCS Global Services. It is the first soil carbon methodology to be approved for use under the VCS."This widely tested methodology is the first to specially deal with soils in a market," said Steven I. Apfelbaum, Chairman of Applied Ecological Services, Inc. and Director of Science with The Earth Partners. According to Apfelbaum, soils represent the second largest living sink of carbon on the planet.68. The new methodology is assessed according to .A. The Earth PartnersB. the Verified Carbon StandardC. Environmental Services, Inc.D. Applied Ecological Services, Inc.69. Carbon sequestration in soil can be strengthened by .A. selling carbon credits in the voluntary marketB. changing grazing practices and operating treatmentsC. reducing the variety and productivity of plant groupsD. decreasing farmlands in the Pacific Northwest70. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The VCS program proves to be successful in carbon offset projects.B. Many soil Carbon Methodologies have already been approved for use.C. The new methodology has been tested in many fields including soil.D. Soils seem to be the largest living sink of carbon on the planet.71. What is the attitude of SCS towards the new methodology?A. Opposed.B. Cautious.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.3Rainforest is home to around two-thirds of all plant and animal species found on land—in addition to millions of people who depend on them for survival—our remaining ancient forests are some of the most diverse ecosystems known to science. They are also vitally important to the health of our planet, especially when it comes to regulating the climate. But ancient forests around the world are underattack.Protecting rainforests is on the global agenda (议事日程) in a big way. Governments now recognize the importance of protecting tropical forests in order to avoid dangerous climate change, and there is now much debate. As governments try to thrash out the details of a new international agreement, expected to be signed at the end of 2009, they are discussing how best to include measures to save rainforests, and therefore address one of the major causes of climate change. Worldwide, forest destruction causes more greenhouse gas emissions (排放) each year than do all the trains, planes and cars on the planet. So if we are to deal with global warming, there is an urgent need to find ways to reduce the 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions caused by forest destruction each year, and to keep the remaining forests standing.We need to protect the planet’s remaining forests not only to stop climate chan ge from getting worse, but to ensure that we can stand the impacts of global warming. Healthy forests absorb and store quantities of carbon, helping to regulate temperature and generate rain. When they are destroyed, this carbon is released into the atmosphere. Thus keeping forests standing is both a critical part of regulating climate change and of adapting to a warmer world.To date, most of the talk has focused on how to pay for reducing deforestation (滥伐森林), rather than on how to actually go about doing it. We believe governments need to support local people to protect their environment, as we have been showing for 20 years can be a very effective way of saving rainforests.1. The best title for the passage is .A. Rainforest and Climate ChangeB. Strategies on Protecting RainforestC. Serious Deforestation to RainforestD. Present Situation of Rainforest2. From the first paragraph we can infer that .A. we have little rainforest left until nowB. the ancient forests are being destroyedC. rainforest control the planet in many waysD. Rainforest is home to all plants and animals on earth3. The underlined part “thrash out” in the second paragraph means.A. try to understandB. come up withC. hide awayD. have a thorough discussion4. Greenhouse gas emissions caused by forest destruction .A. are the same amount by transport on earthB. take 20% of global greenhouse gas emissionsC. can be avoided by setting measures onlyD. have nothing to do with climate change5. From the text we can learn that healthy forest .A. can keep us healthy and happyB. can increase the effect from global warmingC. can be helpful in adjusting the temperatureD. can give out large amounts of carbon4Rivers may be a significant source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (一氧化二氮), scientists now find.Their calculation suggests that across the globe the waterways contribute three times the amount of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere as had been estimated by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations scientific body charged with reviewing climate change research. They found that the amount of nitrous oxide produced in streams is related to human activities that release nitrogen (氮) into the environment, such as fertilizer use and sewage discharges. “Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion and intensive agriculture, have increased the availability of nitrogen in the environment,” said Jake Beaulieu of the University of Notre Dame and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Cincinnati, Ohio, and lead author of the paper published this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.“Much of this nitrogen is transported into river and stream networks,” Beaulieu said. There, microbes (微生物) convert the nitrogen into nitrous oxide (also called laughing gas) and an inert gas called dinitrogen (二氮).The finding is important, the researchers say, because nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and destruction of the stratosphere’s ozone layer, which protects us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation. Compared with carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide is 300-fold more powerful in terms of its warming potential, though carbon dioxide is a far more common greenhouse gas. Scientists estimate nitrous oxide accounts for about 6 percent of human-induced climate change.Beaulieu and colleagues measured nitrous oxide production rates in 72 streams. When summed across the globe, the results showed rivers and streams are the source of at least 10 percent of human-caused nitrous oxide emissions to the atmosphere. “Changes in agricultural and land-use practices that result in less nitrogen being delivered to streams would reduce nitrous oxide emissions from river networks,” Beaulieu said.1. From the second paragraph we can learn .A. actually rivers give off much more nitrous oxide than expectedB. scientists’ calculation is totally wrongC. human activities release nitrous oxide in to the riversD. there is no nitrogen in fertilizer2. Which of the following is NOT the source of nitrogen?A. Fertilizer use.B. Sewage discharges.C. Fossil fuel combustion.D. Climate change.3. Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas because .A. it can protect us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiationB. it is to blame for most of human-induced climate changeC. it is a far more common greenhouse gasD. it has much more warming potential than carbon dioxide4. What does the passage mainly tells us?A. Rivers may be a source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide.B. It’s human activities that release nitrogen into the environment.C. How to reduce nitrous oxide emissions from river networksD What to do with the climate change caused by nitrous oxide.5The Maldives faces the threat of extinction from rising sea levels, but the government said on Thursday it was looking to the future with plans to build homes and a golf course that float.An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldives—a nation of tiny coral islands in the Indian Ocean—virtually uninhabitable by 2100, the UN’s climate change panel has warned.President Mohamed Nasheed has vowed a fight for survival, and last month he signed a deal with a Dutch company to study proposals for a floating structure that could support a conference centre, homes and an 18-hole golf course.“It is still early stages and we are awaiting a report on the practicality,” a government official who declined to be named said.The company, Dutch Docklands, is currently building floating developments in the Netherlands and Dubai. There was no immediate comment from the firm but its website said it undertook projects that make “land from water by providing large-scale floating constructions to create similar c onditions as on land”.The Maldives began to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there to ease congestion. The city, which has a population of 100,000, is already protected from rising sea levels by a 30-million-dollar sea wall, and the government is considering increasingly imaginative ways to combat climate change. Nasheed, who staged the world’s first underwater cabinet meeting in October tohi ghlight his people’s serious and difficult situation, has even spoken of buying land elsewhere in the world to enable Maldivians to relocate if their homes are completed covered.He has also promised to turn his nation into a model for the rest of the world by becoming “carbon neutral” by 2020. His plan involves ending fossil fuel use and powering all vehicles and buildings from “green” sources such as burning coconut husks.1. Why do you think Mohamed Nasheed chose Dutch Docklands?A. Because it has experience in building floating structure.B. Because it has a good fame throughout the world.C. Because it charged much less than other companies.D. Because it supports building floating structures in the world.2. The Hulhumale was built with the purpose of .A. attracting more visitorsB. making it a new capitalC. making the capital less crowdedD. fighting against climate change3. According to the last two paragraphs, Nasheed is a person who .A. has succeeded in buying land abroadB. is more than well-knownC. has thought more for his nationD. has stopped using fossil fuel4. The underlined word “vowed” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by.A. endedB. promisedC. failedD. weighed6PLAYA GRANDE, COSTA RICA? This resort town was long known for Leatherback Sea Turtle (棱皮龟) national Park, nightly turtle beach tours and even a sea turtle museum. However, on a beach where dozens of turtles used to nest on a given night, scientists spied only 32 leatherbacks all of last year.With leatherbacks threatened with extinction (灭绝), Playa Grande’s turtle museum was abandoned three years ago and now sits among a sea of weeds. And the beachside ticket office for turtle tours was washed away by a high tide in September. “We do not promote that as a turtle tourism destination any more because we realize there are far too few turtles to please,” said Alvaro Fonseca, a park ranger (管理员).Even before scientists found temperatures going up over the past decade, sea turtles were threatened by beach development, drift net fishing and Costa Ricans interest in eating turtle eggs. But climate change may cause the most serious harm to ananimal that has lived in the Pacific for 150 million years.Sea turtles are sensitive to numerous effects of warming. They feed on reefs, which are dying in hotter seas. They lay eggs on beaches that are being covered by rising seas and more violent waves.More uniquely their gender (性别) is determined, not by genes but by the egg’s temperature during development. Small rises in beach temperatures can result in ail-female populations, obviously problematic for survival. If the sand around the eggs hits 30 degrees Celsius, the gender balance shits to females: at about 32 degrees they are all female. Above 34, you get boiled eggs.On some nesting beaches, scientists are artificially cooling nests with shade or irrigation and trying to protect broader areas of coastal property from development to ensure that turtles have a place to nest as the seas rise.5. Why does the resort town stop promoting it’s turtle tourism?A. It decides not to disturb the turtles’ normal life.B. Tourists have lost interest in watching turtles.C. There are only very few turtles now.D. The turtle museum was destroyed by a high tide.6. Which of the following is the major factor in the turtles endangerment?A. The locals eating habit.B. Drift net fishing.C. Beach development.D. Global warming.7. We learn from the last paragraph that scientists .A. are doing research on the sea riseB. are moving turtles to new homesC. are protecting turtles’ nestsD. are getting rid of sea weeds8. The passage intends to .A. introduce a special kind of sea turtleB. explain the mystery of turtles’ eggsC. show the dangers a certain kind of turtle is facingD. attract more visitors to a sea turtle museum7Sometimes, the simplest ideas are the best. For example, to absorb heat from the sun to heat water, you need large, flat, black surfaces. One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on the roofs of buildings. But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt(柏油) roads?Ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt, a Dutch engineer. He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside.The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes. Most of them run from one side of the street to the other, just under the asphalt road. Some, however, dive deep into the ground.When the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes. At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer(蓄水层) into which several heat exchangers(交换器) have been built. The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warming the ground-water, before returning to the surface through another pipe. The aquifer is thus used as a heat store.In winter, the working system is changed slightly. Water is pumped through the he at exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up. After performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.1. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?A. Arian de Bondt got his idea from his boss.B. Large, flat, black surfaces need to be built in cities.C. The Dutch engineer’s system has been widely used.D. Heat can also be collected from asphalt roads.2. For what purpose are the diving pipes used?A. To absorb heat from the sun.B. To store heat for future use.C. To turn solar energy into heat energy.D. To carry heat down below the surface.3. From the last paragraph we can learn that .A. some pipes have to be re-arranged in winterB. the system can do more than warming up the buildingC. the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surfaceD. less heat may be collected in winter than in summer4. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A. What we shall do if the system goes wrong.B. What we shall do if there are no asphalt roads.C. How the system cools the building in summer.D. How the system collects heat in spring and autumn.8We already know the fastest, least expensive way to slow climate change: Use less energy. With a little effort, and not much money, most of us could reduce our energy diets by 25 percent or more—doing the Earth a favor while also helping our wallets. Not long ago, my wife, PJ, and I tried a new diet—not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change. Scientists have reported recently that the world is heating up even faster than predicted only a few years ago, and that the consequences could be severe if we don’t keep reducing) and other greenhouse gases that are trapping emissions(排放) of carbon dioxide(CO2heat in our atmosphere.We decided to try an experiment. For one month we recorded our personal emissions . We wanted to see how much we could cut back, so we went on a strict die t.of CO2The average US household(家庭) produces about 150 pounds of COa day by doing2common-place things like turning on air-conditioning or driving cars. That’s more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average, mostly because Americans drive more and have bigger houses. But how much should we try to reduce?For an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of The Weather Makers: How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth. In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting(融化) of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. “To stay below that point, we needto reduce COemissions by 80 percent, “ he said.2Good advice, I thought. I’d opened our bedroom windows to let in the wind. We’d gotten so used to keeping our air-conditioning going around the clock. I’d almost forgotten the windows even opened. We should not let this happen again. It’s time for us to change our habits if necessary.1. Why did the author and his wife try a new diet?A. To take special kinds of food.B. To respond to climate change.C. To lose weight.D. To improve their health.2. The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to “”.A. freezing pointsB. burning pointsC. melting pointsD. boiling points3. It can be inferred from the passage that .A. it is necessary to keep the air-conditioning on all the timeB. it seems possible for every household to cut emissions of CO2C. the average US household produces about 3, 000 pounds of COa month2a month D. the average European household produces about 1, 000 pounds of CO24. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. Saving Energy Starts at HomeB. Changing Our Habits Begins at WorkC. Changing Climate Sounds ReasonableProves DifficultD. Reducing Emissions of CO29The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world’s supply of water. With 97% of the world’s w ater too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage (短缺) seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world’s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages.Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution (重新分配) are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys (山谷) are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation (灌溉). In Texas, farmers’ o veruse of irrgation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.S audi Arabia’s attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping o f huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.1. From the first two paragraphs we learn that .A. much of the world’s water is available for useB. people in high rainfall countries feel luckyC. the costs of water redistribution should be consideredD. water can be easily carried through pipes across the world2. Which of the following is true?A. The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%.B. Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages.C. The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years.D. Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.3. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A. Steps to improving water use management.B. Ways to reduce the costs of building dams.C. Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages.D. Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply.4. The text is mainly about .A. water supply and increasing populationB. water use management and agricultureC. water redistribution and wildlife protectionD. water shortages and environmental protection10Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers’ desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy. This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companiesshould still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough. Harry Morrison, chief executive (主管) of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes: “I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But f rom environmental considerations, the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions (排放). Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted (授予) the standard, they can use a logo (标识) in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.1. What’s the main idea of th e passage?A. Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.。

2022(浙江)高考英语二轮科普知识阅读理解(4)解析答案

2022（浙江）高考英语二轮科普学问阅读理解（4）解析答案科普学问（阅读理解）由(2022全国Ⅱ,C)改编Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships.For example,in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.Yet it also has other uses.A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child.A smile may show love or politeness.It can also hide true feelings.It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures.For example,many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper.Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities).Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places;some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough.In Southeast Asian cultures,a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings.Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.Our faces show emotions (情感),but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture.The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.Rather,there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted.For example,in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do.When with friends,Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States.People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others.The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different.If we judge according to our own cultural habits,we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.1.What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?()A.Love.B.Politeness.C.Joy.D.Thankfulness.2.The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that a smile can .A.show friendliness to strangersB.be used to hide true feelingsC.be used in the wrong placesD.show personal habits3.What should we do befor e attempting to “read” people?()A.Learn about their relations with others.B.Understand their cultural backgrounds.C.Find out about their past experience.D.Figure out what they will do next.4.What would be the best title for the text?()A.Cultural DifferencesB.Smiles and RelationshipsC.Facial ExpressivenessD.Habits and Emotions语篇解读:本文为说明文。

(老高考旧教材适用)版高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解考点分类练(六)推理判断题——文章出处类

考点分类练(六) 推理判断题——文章出处类Passage1(2022安徽宣城二模)Have you ever found picking out the face of a friend in a group photo is sometimes hard,especially when everyone crowds together?In the same way,it can also be hard to read a passage of text when the letters are too close together.In fact,a new study shows that spacing the letters farther apart can help anyone readfaster,and possibly understand more.Dyslexia is a common reading disorder.Crowded text was especially difficult for people with dyslexia to read.So researchers wanted to see if increasing the spacing between letters would help.Steven Stagg,a scientist,studies how people think and learn.His team recruited 59 students between 11 and 15 years old,thirty-two of whom had dyslexia.While the researchers recorded them,each student read two passages out loud.One passage was in its original format.In the other,there was an increase of 2.5 points in the spacing between the letters.The recording allowed the scientists to measure their reading speed and count any mistakes,such as skipped words.People with dyslexia often employ aids to help them read,such as coloredoverlays(覆盖物).This time they are offered by the researchers.Those colored overlays didn’t help either group of kids.But the extra spacing did.Kids with dyslexia read the wider-spaced text 13 percent faster than the text with original spacing.These kids also made fewer mistakes.Students without dyslexia read faster,too,although only by 5 percent.This is very good news.It means teachers and publishers can print material with extra spacing between letters.Readers with dyslexia won’t feel singled out by havingto use special aids for reading.An organization called Readability Matters is working on these issues.The group is trying to get tech companies to make changes that should make reading easier.Stagg says,“Some methods have shown mixed results,but letter spacing seems to be the one thing that everyone is finding works.”1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A.To make the article interesting.B.To present a common problem.C.To lead to the topic of the article.D.To provide a new solution.2.What do you know about people with dyslexia?A.They may understand everything while reading wider-spaced text.B.They may read faster than normal kids while reading wider-spaced text.C.They may free from dyslexia after increasing letter spacing.D.They may feel singled out while using colored overlays for reading.3.In which column of a newspaper can we probably find this passage?A.Science study.B.Campus life.C.Star stories.D.Business.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Readers Try to Improve Reading SpeedB.You Just Need More SpaceC.Colored Overlays Are Helpful AidsD.Dyslexia Affects Reading SpeedPassage2(2022广西桂林梧州一模)The number of weather-related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50 years,the latest report by the World Meteorological(气象)Organization(WMO)said on September 1st.However,thanks to improved early warning systems and disaster management,the number of death from these hazards(危险)has been almost three times less.According to the WMO,from 1970 to 2019,weather,climate and water hazards accounted for 50 percent of all disasters.Among the top 10 hazards that led to the largest loss of human life during this period were droughts,storms,floods and extreme temperatures.However,deaths fell from over 50,000 in the 1970s to less than 20,000 in the 2010s.“Weather,climate and water extremes are increasing and will become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate change,” says WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas.“That means more heatwaves,drought and forest fires such as those we have observed recently in Europe and North America.We have more water vapor in the atmosphere,which is worsening extreme rainfall and deadly flooding.The warming of the ocean has affected the frequency and area of existence of the most intense tropical storms.”“Economic losses are increasing as exposure increases.But behind the statistics lies a message of hope.Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths.Quite simply,we are better than ever before at saving lives,” Taalas said.5.What do we know from the first paragraph?A.Disasters connected with weather have gone up.B.The number of weather-related disasters has decreased.C.The number of deaths from hazards has been increasing.D.Early warning systems have made disasters decline much.6.What will happen according to Petteri Taalas?A.There will be more extreme weather.B.Extreme rainfall will no longer exist.C.Water vapor in the atmosphere will go down.D.Human will conquer extreme weather in the end.7.What is hopeful behind the bad news?A.Improved warning systems will save economic losses.B.Economic losses are going down as exposure increases.C.More lives will be saved thanks to early warning systems.D.Improved early warning systems will control extreme weather.8.Where may the text be taken from?A.A novel.B.A brochure.C.A guideline.D.A magazine.Passage3(2022广西南宁二模)In order to get rid of goldenrod from the city,the government of Wuhan is encouraging residents to report any findings of the plant,which is classified as a harmful alien species.Goldenrod is one of the most successful and widespread alien plant species.It is often referred to as “the flower of the devil”,as it spreads extremely fast and causes other plants to die.Besides Hubei province,the plant has also been found expanding in other provinces such as Jiangxi and Zhejiang.Although local authorities have tried to get rid of the plant,it is proving to be a difficult task.Goldenrod represents just one of the alienspecies that are aggressive towards the country’s native species.Statistics showthat by 2020,nearly 800 kinds of alien species had invaded the country,among which 638 species have invaded the country’s agricultural and forestry ecosystems,causing direct economic losses of about 200 billion yuan($31.36 billion).At the United Nations Biodiversity Conference held in Kunming,Yunnan province,the invasion of alien species was the subject of discussions,as it was regarded as one of the two most important factors leading to the loss of biodiversity,the other being human-caused ecological damage.China passed its Biosecurity Law on April 15,2021,which provides the legal basis for preventing the invasion of alien species and protecting biodiversity in the country.The relevant departments also strictly carry out port inspections and quarantines so as to keep harmful organisms out of the country,and they strengthen early warning and monitoring systems so as to address the invasion as early as possible.However,while government departments are making every effort to prevent and control the situation,the participation of the people should not be ignored.It is also necessary,as Wuhan is doing,to encourage people to pay attention to invasive species and actively play a role in keeping them at bay.Preventing any invasion by an alien species and protecting biodiversity should not just be the government departments fighting alone,but also a people’s war.9.What can we learn about goldenrod from the text?A.It originates in Wuhan.B.It does harm to people’s health.C.It is a great threat to the surrounding plants.D.It causes an economic loss of about $31.36 billion.10.What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A.China’s efforts to stop the invasion of alien species.B.Relevant departments’ warning of goldenrod.C.The legal basis to protect biodiversity.D.The importance of port inspections and quarantines.11.What do the underlined words “keeping them at bay” in the last paragraph mean?A.Keeping the invasive species out of the country.B.Building some barriers for the species.C.Preventing the flowers from growing fast.D.Keeping the alien species safe at the port.12.In which section of a newspaper can this text be found?A.Business.B.Culture.C.Environment.D.Opinion.考点分类练(六) 推理判断题——文章出处类Passage1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。

阅读理解说明文(科普类)课件+-2023届高考英语二轮复习专题+

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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普环保类阅读理解(1)

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普环保类阅读理解（1）xx高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments －mostly for entertainment purposes － is fair and respectful?Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals．However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats．Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty．Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ nam e, diet, and natural range．The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs．The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise．This results in unusually and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis．A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is mon among animals kept in small spaces or cages．Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered．Captive breeding(圈养繁殖) of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild．Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out．In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers．Haven’t we seen enough petitions to name baby animals?Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them．Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.【小题1】How would the author describe the animals’ life in zoos?A．Dangerous．B．Unhappy．C．Natural．D．Easy.【小题2】In the state of zoochosis, animals _________.A．remain in cagesB．behave strangelyC．attack other animalsD．enjoy moving around【小题3】What does the author try to argue in the passage?A．Zoos are not worth the public support．B．Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.C．Zoos should treat animals as human beings.D．Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.【小题4】The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by _________. A．pointing out the faults in what zoos doB．using evidence he has collected at zoosC．questioning the way animals are protectedD．discussing the advantages of natural habitatsxx高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类You may have never heard of Lanthanum, Cerium or Neodymium, but these elements (元素) and others known as “rare earth” play a major role in modern technology. They can actually be found in many places on the earth, but not in quantities that can be mined. Only a few countries — China, America, India, Australia, Brazil and Malaysia have any that can be mined enough to be traded.Even though some of these elements such as Cerium are as abundant as Copper, they are not found in concent rated amounts on the earth’s surface. They are often mixed together with other metals, which makes extraction (提取) of these elements an expensive and an environmentally messy process. It was due to this reason that the term “rare earth” was invented.Rare earth metals are used widely in our life. Rechargeable car batteries, puters, iPhones, DVD players, puter monitors, televisions, lighting, lasers, glass polishing, and superconductors all use quantities of rare earth metals. Also, with the advancement in “green” technology like solar panels, these shiny materials are being more important than ever. An average electric car uses 10 pounds of Lanthanum for its rechargeable battery!America has large deposits (存储量) of rare earths and has one of the first mines. It was opened in Southern California in 1940. The element “Europium” was the first metal to be separated in quantity for use in color televisions. However, in the 1980’s and 1990’s, as China started producing these elements in Inner Mongolia, the mines in America and elsewhere could not keep pace. The mine in Mountain Pass, California also failed environmental regulations and shut down in 2002.Now, recognizing the importance of having more than one supplier of this important resource, other rare earth owning countries like India and Australia are either dusting off their rare earth mines or speeding up their production. It is believed that the debate over rare earths will bee louder in the ing months and years.【小题1】What can we learn about rare earths?A．They are actually as abundant as Copper.B．They can be mined easily as other metals.C．They can only be found in a few countries.D．They are not really as rare as they are named.【小题2】pared with China, America _____.A．paid more attention to EuropiumB．has larger deposits of rare earthsC．started producing rare earths earlierD．has more rare earth mines【小题3】It can be inferred from the text that rare earths _____.A．are now in great demandB．can now be used in few fieldsC．are harmful to the environmentD．will soon be replaced by other metals阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

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科普知识阅读理解（6）科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2012重庆,D)改编To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians (基督教徒)have ever cooked up.For them,the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil (邪恶的).So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America,a land mistakenly considered to be Eden,everyone jumped to the obvious conclusion.Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden,the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake,a plant that was thought to have come from Hell (地狱).What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits.Though the tomato and the mandrake were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit,the general population considered them one and the same,too terrible to touch.Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato,and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet.In the 1880s,the daughter of a well-known plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her father’s house had been the “introduction of this wonderful new fruit—or is it a vegetable?”As late as the twentieth century some writers s till classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an “evil fruit”.But in the end tomatoes carried the day.The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson,and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820,people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead.“What are you afraid of?” he shouted.“I’ll show you fools that these things are good to eat!” Then he bit into the tomato.Some people fainted.But he survived and,according to a local story,set up a tomato-canning factory.1.The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because .A.it made Christians evilB.it was the apple of EdenC.it came from a forbidden landD.it was religiously unacceptable2.What can we infer from the underlined part in Paragraph 3?( )A.The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down.B.There was little progress in the study of the tomato.C.The tomato was still refused in most western countries.D.Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato.3.What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato publicly?( )A.To make himself a hero.B.To remove people’s fear of the tomato.C.To speed up the popularity of the tomato.D.To persuade people to buy products from his factory.4.What is the main purpose of the passage?( )A.To challenge people’s fixed concepts of the tomato.B.To give an explanation to people’s dislike of the tomato.C.To present the change of people’s attitudes to the tomato.D.To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence.语篇解读:西红柿开始被人类食用经历了一个非常复杂的过程,本文主要介绍了西红柿从最初被认为是邪恶的水果到被接受的过程。

答案及剖析:1.D 事实细节题。

根据第一段可知,人们误以为西红柿是伊甸园中的邪恶苹果(在《圣经》中,亚当和夏娃被狡猾的蛇引诱而误食的禁果)所以把它拒之门外。

2.C 句义理解题。

根据第三段的第一句“Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato...”和最后一句可知,在西方大部分国家,人们仍然拒绝食用西红柿。

3.B 推理判断题。

Robert Johnson当众吃西红柿向人们证明西红柿是无毒的,以除去人们对西红柿的恐惧心理。

4.C 主旨大意题。

文章写了西红柿被哥伦布带到欧洲后人们对它的态度从拒绝到接受的转变过程,故答案为C。

【长难句子分析】主语从句系动词定语表语-定语从句分词作定语定语从句给这种植物带来坏名誉的是它的根,它看上去就像一具被妖怪占据的人类干尸。

阅读理解。

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

【2013·江西师大附中三模】An older friend once gave me a piece of advice，“Enjoy the last few weeks of college，” she said，“since college is the best time of your life.”This was not the first time I’d heard such a statement，but with graduation fast coming close，her words especially struck me.It seemed a bit disappointing to reach one’s life peak at only 22 years of age，but in her opinion，college had been one of the best times in my life so far.I made friends，took classes，and learned a great deal about myself.But I was also excited for the time after college—moving to a new city，starting a new job，and becoming a “real” person.I hoped that my great dreams were practical.Then，last week I read a column in Real Simple Magazine called 100 Years of Attitude，in which women 100 years or older shared their life experiences and views.I noticed that none of them considered college as the “best” time of their life.Not all of them went to college，but still in most cases their teens and twenties were not the best times of their life.They said some of their favorite times were raising their children，traveling after retirement，and even enjoying their present time and age. Enjoying one’s present time and age was a clear theme of the interviews.A piece of advice given by the women was about the importance of making the best of all situations.I think it more accurate than that of my friend；I can say with certainty that if I am lucky enough to make it to 100.I refuse to spend the last 80 years of my life plummeting (跌落) downhill，or even leveling off.I am sure that our eagerness and devotion will make us college students live a meaningful life.We will not just look backwards or miss our college days.We will look forward in excitement about continued journey uphill.1．Which of the following opinions does the writer agree with?A．College is the best time of one’s life.B．Twenties were the best time of the old people.C．One should make the best of all situations.D．One should not look backwards at their college time.2．In the second paragraph，the writer wants to say________.A．her achievements in college would be the peak of her successB．she is looking forward to living as a “real” person in collegeC．she becomes more and more uneasy with graduationD．she is satisfied with the college life but is hopeful for the future3．The column the writer read is mainly about those old women’s________.A．best time of life at youthB．life experiences and viewsC．different opinions about lifeD．favorite time with best friends4．By saying “I refuse to spend the last 80 years of my life plummeting downhill，or even leveling off” (in Paragraph 4)，the writer really means________.A．she will not spend the rest of her time at collegeB．she will not just obtain a college level certificateC．she will not be satisfied with what she has already accomplishedD．she will not be content with the life in the future5．Which of the following words can be used to describe the writer? A．Ambitious. B．Practical.C．Imaginative. D．Proud.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。

[推荐学习]高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解(6)