2012年硕士试卷A
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一真题(公开版)
相当重要的《使用说明书》首先，很有幸这份资料能够跟各位考研的小伙伴见面。
俗话说的好，相遇就是一种缘分。
这份资料是完全从备考的角度出发，结合解题方法、解题时间等，精心整理而成的。
这里面包含了很多独特的东西，下面一一给大家解释一下：1.对于完形填空、阅读理解、新题型、翻译，在各个题目前面都配有答题思路。
这里十分建议大家每次做题前回顾一下，养成良好的答题思路才能事半功倍。
2.对于作文，我单独整理了一份公开资料（呱哥考研英语《历年真题作文精编》），大家有兴趣的话也可以下载，里面整理了从2005年英语改革至今的题型，足以应付考试。
3.对于完形填空、阅读理解、新题型、翻译，在各个题目前面都配有答题时间记录表。
它是用于记录大家每次做题的时间。
由于考研真题是非常非常宝贵，也是非常非常重要的，平心而论，把真题研究透就足以参加考试并拿高分，所以答题记录表总共设置了可以记录做10遍真题的空格。
4.如下列出了两种时间分配方案，其唯一的区别在于阅读理解的时间分配上。
正所谓“得阅读者得天下”，这里之所以推荐大家在备考时使用方案1，是为了提升大家平时的做题速度。
而且根据经验，通过一段时间锻炼后，在15min内做完一篇阅读理解是完全有可能的。
5.细心的同学可能会发现在方案1里，完形填空的时间比阅读理解多。
这是为什么呢？网上有很多观点是把完形填空放在最后面做，或者就直接放弃这个题型。
其实，只要使用正确的方法，完形填空也不难，而且对整体的时间不会有影响。
根据这类题型的做题经验，要正确做完它的话大概需要17min。
6.在阅读理解的答题思路里，是需要猜测答案所在段落的。
所以各个题目前面都有短横线，大家在做题时要记得把猜测的段落标注在横线处。
7.这份资料全都是考研英语一的真题，暂时还没有整理英语二。
如果你考的是英语二，不用担心，也完全可以用这份资料。
虽然英语一比英语二难度稍微高一点，但是两者区别不大。
稍难的都搞定了，简单的肯定更没有问题。
12月研究生英语学位课统考真题
2012年12月研究生英语学位课统考真题（A 卷）GENRAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TEST FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS考试注意事项一、本考试有两份试卷组成：试卷一（Paper one）包括听力理解、词汇、完型填空与阅读理解四部分，共80题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（Paper two）包括翻译和写作两部分，共三题。
此外，试卷分A、B卷，请考生注意在答题卡上标出自己的试卷类型。
二、试卷一（题号1-80）为客观评分题（听力Section C 部分除外），答案一律用2B铅笔做在机读卡答题纸上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间画黑道，如 [A][B][C][D]。
三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案做在ANSWER SHEEII上。
答题前，请仔细阅读试卷二的注意事项。
四、试卷一、试卷二上均不得作任何记号（听力Section C部分除外），答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效。
五、本考试全部时间为150分钟，采用试卷一盒试卷二分卷计时的办法。
试卷一考试时间为90分钟，听力理解部分以放完录音带为准，大约25分钟；其余部分共计时65分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。
试卷二共计时60分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。
六、试卷一与试卷二采取分别收卷的办法。
每次终了时间一到，考生一律停笔，等候监考老师收点试卷及答题纸。
全部考试结束后，须待监考老师将全部试卷及答题纸收点无误并宣布本次考试结束，方可离开考场。
PAPER ONEPart I Listening Comprehension (25miniutes, 20 points)Section A (1point each)Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. His arms. B. His legs. C. His head. D. His should2. A. Bennie is travelling to San Francisco by air.B. Bennie is very happy about the promotion.C. Bennie has quit a well-paid job.D. Bennie enjoys working in the office.3. A. At 1:45. B. At 2:15. C. At 2:30. D. At 2:45.4. A. Jeffrey is not a good helping hand.B. Jeffrey is too young to start a new career.C. They agree with each other on many things.D. They really dislike each other.C.5. A. A SUV. B. A sport car. C. A minivan. D. A cargo truck.6. A. Because the lab was really a mess.B. Because the boss was too strict.C. Because the driver was absent-minded.D. Because someone in the group was manipulative.7. A. Jessica didn’t want the job anyway.B. Jessica herself is to blame.C. Jessica should stop her dog from barking.D. Jessica had something in the tree.8. A. At a restaurant. B. At the airport.C. At a service station.D. At a café.9. A. She has been busy with Biochemistry.B. She hasn’t got a partner yet.C. She prefers Microbiology to Biochemistry.D. She has to drop the lab class.Section B (I point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be readto you ONLY ONCE. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Mini-talk one10 A. Organizing campus activities.B. Taking visitors to various colleges.C. Offering information on American colleges.D. Advising on which university to attend.11. A. Admission requirements. B. Sports programs.C. International database. C. Virtual campus tours.12. A. Because they found many related websites lacking visual materials.B. Because they wanted to compete with the tradition of a personal visit.C. Because they intended to choose their ideal colleges.D. Because they couldn’t contact a school directly.Mini-talk two13. A. More than 57 million dollars. B. More than 75 million dollars.C. About 550 million dollars.D. More than 15 billion dollars.14. A. Lights and windows.B. Restrooms and elevator equipment.C. Office conditions and environment.D. Lease rates and payment.15. A. An investment association will be set up.B. The building will be illuminated by green lights.C. The occupants will get into trouble.D. The cost of office space will double.Section C (1point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording TWICE. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the answer sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.（请在录音结束后把第16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上）16. Post-holiday syndrome is a commonly used term which depicts the_____________ (2 words) occurring after the winter holidays and festivalseason.17. Expecting to ___________________ (4 words) is a way of telling yourselfthat this is a normal feeling.18. Lift your spirits by continuing to _______________ (3 words) friends andfamily, and getting out and about to do activities.19. Choose activities that meet your __________________ (3 words), and thatyou know will give you a thrill.20. Once you’re ___________________ (2 words) planning and doing, you’llbe too busy to worry.Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: In this section, there are teen questions. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked by A, B, C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet21. These findings run counter to the belief that alcohol stands in the way ofanalytical thinking.A. spursB. hindersC. triggersD. accompanies22. As in the rest of the continent, South Africa still has to contend withoverwhelming poverty.A. suffer fromB. bring aboutC. invest inD. fight against23. The operation was a success and he had excellent prospects for a fullrecovery.A. thoughtsB. outputsC. oddsD. ambitions24. Destiny is defined by individuals keen to imagine a future that is differentfrom the reality.A. eagerB. unwillingC. sharpD. quick25. My mother keeps reminding me to stick to my principles and remain honest inwhatever I do.A. adhere toB. set aboutC. insist onD. come upon26. There is nothing worse than a boss who gives implicit instructions and thengets disappointed by the work you give in.A. explicitB. ambiguousC. considerableD. coherent27. About three years into this job, these migrant labors came to accept theharsh facts in time.A. punctuallyB. immediatelyC. originallyD. eventually28. An aircraft is equipped with a sophisticated electronic system for the sake ofsafety.A. highly-developedB. newly-developedC. well-meantD. long-lived29. This trip offers an opportunity to enjoy the profound silence of the deep,unaltered desert.A. dramaticB. importantC. completeD. distant30. All Fire Police Officers are sworn officers of the law and should display a(n) badge of authority when on duty.A. multitudeB. tokenC. airD. degree Section B (0.5 point each)Directions: In this section, there are teen questions. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked by A,B,C, and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acrossthe square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet31. Eight badminton players were charges with trying to ________ the outcomeof preliminary matches.A. dominateB. manipulateC. eliminateD. simulate32. In the beginning, few people were ________ Barack Obama to make asignificant impact in the race.A. counting onB. turning outC. proceeding toD. conforming to33. Self-esteem is the ability to be ________ of one’s own abilities, talent,worth and value.A. ensuredB. insuredC. assuredD. treasured34. Children of parents who do not go to university are probably more reluctantto ________ secondary education than those who did.A. put inB. fill inC. check inD. enroll in35. Learning something new is after all, what scientific experiments are all____.A. aboutB. againstC. towardsD. around36. A large –scale wildfire broke out that forced the ________ of 2,000 peoplejust west of Madrid.A. speculationB. successionC. evaluationD. interrogation37. Intellectually brilliant students from this high school are most ________ tobe admitted to elite universities.A. probableB. likelyC. possibleD. liable38. Her right hand occasionally ________ from singing her name so manytimes.A. yelledB. propelledC. compelledD. swelled39. Artists should cultivate their own ________ style rather than alwaysimitating others.A. singleB. individualC. privateD. separate40. The key to efficient reading is the ability to judge the writer’s position________ the information he is presenting.A. in spite ofB. in relation toC. in place ofD. in support of Part III Close Test (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each) Directions: In this section, there are teen questions. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked by A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you’ve chosen with a single bar across the square brackets onyour machine-scoring Answer SheetE-commerce has revolutionized the way business is done in today’s market. However, customers are at ___41__ of purchasing false products or poor quality items. Many ___42___ the distance between customers and send the wrong goods and lure clients to buy goods recommended as great ___43___, but when customers receive these items, they find themselves falling into traps.Many dangers, __44__ by the obscurity of e-commerce, involve the products and the electronic transaction. From the buyer’s __45__, dangers include purchasing products not measuring __46__ what was previously advertised in the website. Another risk is identity theft. Since electronic transactions are needed to complete the purchase, hackers may acquire __47__ information about the user to make other purchase.There are still honest businesses that sell their products and services but gain a very small profit by __48__ the prices of their products because they have a lot of competition in the Internet. That is __49__ one of the hazards of e-commerce that should be considered is the bankruptcy of businesses since profits is low if they need __50__ their goods as cheaply as possible.41. A. time B. random C. sight D. risk42. A. take advantage of B. cast doubt onC. give rise toD. go ahead with43. A. deceptions B. bargains C. opportunities D. advertisements44. A. managed B. created C. prevented D. led45. A. prospect B. aspect C. respect D. perspective46. A. as to B. prior to C. up to D. next to47. A. confidential B. superficial C. potential D. initial48. A. raising B. disqualifying C. exaggerating D. minimizing49. A. how B. because C. why D. where50. A. selling B. to sell C. sell D. soldPART IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Directions:In this section, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices marked by A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer SheetPassage OneOne of the areas in which people tend to have ideas that don’t make sense is that of rights. For example, many Americans believe that our rights, described in the declaration of Independence and the constitution, drive from the god or from the very nature of being human, including the individual right to bear arms. Yet people in most law-governed democracies other than the United States do not have an individual right to bear arms. How, then, can the right to bear arms derive from god? Is this a special right that can be created by the people via government?It is claimed that we can trace the right to be armed to legal and political events in 17th century English history, this time relating to hunting and gaming laws. How does a fundamental natural right lie sleeping throughout the first 6,000 years of recorded history, only to wake to full flower due to conflicts over gaming laws in Restoration England? In the mid-1980s, the idea that people have a right to have consensual sex with partners of any gender was pronounced “joking inappropriately”by the Supreme Court; 25 yeas later it feels like an obvious, natural outgrowth of the Bill of Rights. If rights evolve this way through the dialectics of culture and history, just how “natural”can they be?Such are the idle thoughts that occur in the wake of America’s latest episode of horrifying, meaningless mass slaughter. A large segment of the American public these days apparently finds it offensive to talk about gun control after these sorts of cruelty occur. As economist Mr. Wolfers said: “Let’s not talk about gun control. It’s too early, right? It’s always too early. Except when it’s too late.”Mr. Wolfer is right: the “too early” construction is ridiculous. The onlything that is certain now is that gun control is uncertain in American. It’s never going to happen. There are too many guns out there, and an individual right to bear arms is now established in constitutional law. So this is just what one of America’s many faces is going to be: a bitterly divided, hatefully cynical country where insane people have easy access to semiautomatic weapons and occasionally use them to commit crime. We will continue to see more and more of this sort of thing, and there’s nothing we can realistically do about it.51. The author begins by arguing that Americans’ right to bear arms?A. is stipulated in the constitutionB. has been created by individualsC. has nothing to do with GodD. is not to be doubted52. The Supreme Court is mentioned in paragraph 2 to _________.A. confirm the validity of gun ownership by individualsB. argue that the right to bear arms is by no means naturalC. prove that gun ownership has been approved by the CourtD. describe the process of legislation on gun ownership53. The expression “in the wake of”used in the third paragraph probablymeans “________.”A. but forB. totally withoutC. soon afterD. just before54. It seems to Mr. Wolfers that gun control is ________.A. really too early to startB. actually offensiveC. not necessary nowD. already too late55. It seems to the author that gun control in America is ________.A. impossibleB. unconstitutionalC. time-consumingD. stupid56. Which of the following might be an appropriate title for this passage?A. Gun Control Is EasyB. Gun Ownership Is LegalC. Gun Control, Too LateD. No Need to Control GunsPassage twoThe English-speaking world does not look kindly on straw. Grasping at straws, straw-man arguments, the last straws and the straws that break so many camels’ backs all demonstrate that. There is also a tale that straw is the worstmaterial from which to build a house, particularly if you are a pig with a hungry wolf around. So the cards were stacked against Warren Brush when local officials learned that he had several buildings made of straw bales on his hand.They have tried to fine him. A lot. But the case is still unresolved. The problem is that California’s building codes make no provision for the use of straw. And Mr. Brush has many defenders －among them several university scientists and David Eisenberg, the chairman of the United States Green Building Council’s code committee. They would like to see the prejudice against straw houses eliminated, for straw is, in many ways, an ideal building material.It is, for one thing, a great insulator. That keeps down the heating bills in houses made from it. It is also a waste product that would otherwise be burned, and is therefore cheap. And －very much to the point in a place like California －it is earthquake-resistant. Last year a test conducted at the University of Nevada showed that straw-bale constructions could withstand twice the amount of ground motion recorded in the Northridge earthquake that hit Los Angeles in 1994.California, of course, is already thoroughly earthquake-proofed. But straw buildings might o well in quake-prone places that are less wealthy. After a strong earthquake struck Pakistan in 2005, Darcy Donovan, a structural engineer, from Truckee, California, set up a not-for-profit straw-bale-construction operation that has since built 17 houses there.There are, as it were, other straws in the wind: a post office in suburban Albuquerque, a Quaker school in Maryland, an office complex in suburban Los Angeles and an urban-renewal project in Binghamton, New York, have all been built from straw. Even California is having a rethink, and may change its rules to accommodate straw-bale constructions. As Mr. Eisenberg observes, “the lesson of the Three Little Pigs isn’t to avoid straw. It’s that you don’t let a pig build your house.”57. By “the cards were stacked against Warren Brush”, the author means thatBrush ________.A. received punishmentB. made a breakthroughC. might be highly praisedD. would be in trouble58. David Eisenberg is mentioned ________.A. for the purpose of supporting Warren BrushB. as a representative of official opinionsC. to provide evidence against straw housesD. to show the importance of the building codes59. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A. the structure of straw housesB. the possibility of building straw housesC. the advantages of straw housesD. the tips of building straw houses60 Which aspect of straw is emphasized in paragraph 4?A. It is abundant in nature.B. It is rather inexpensive.C. It is a great insulator.D. It is easy to transport.61. It can be learned from the last paragraph that California ________.A. will fine Warren Brush as plannedB. will reduce the fine on Warren BrushC. may lift the fine on Warren BrushD. may consider a bigger fine on Warren Brush62. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to ________.A. trace the evolution of straw housesB. explain how to build a house with strawC. highlight the prejudice against straw housesD. argue that straw can be used to build housesPassage ThreeI was talking with a senior Public Relations manager the other day about The Game Trainers and he expressed much skepticism about both the possibility and value of getting senior professionals to play games.“These are serious people with serious jobs, and they are not going to waste time running around like school children,”he told me. This statement highlighted many of his assumptions. It also provided me with a golden opportunity to talk about how these “serious people with serious jobs”could actually learn something about themselves, their company, and their business opportunities by allowing creativity to flow more freely through “games”.His position is not uncommon and it comes from a deep seated misunderstanding of what a “game” is and what it is for, as well as a set notionof what “work”must look like for it to be considered of value. It’s not a coincidence that the most successful companies of the last decade, including Apple and Google, were all started by college students, and perhaps as a consequence have a spirit of fun, creativity and innovation. Their success has not been achieved through a cubicle work environment, strict hierarchy, dull meetings and a 9 to 5 work structure. Instead, they have flowing and flexible work spaces, a culture of collaboration, and opportunities for creativity.So where does the line between “work” and “game” occur? Well maybe there isn’t one, or at least maybe there shouldn’t be one. So is all this just a matter of perception? Well, yes or no. the starting point in allowing creativity to flow freely is to accept that the line between business and play is blurred, or at best non-existent. Only then is it possible to create the opportunity and appropriate environment for individuals and groups to play the game (or work) as well as they possibly can.The Game Trainers support this innovative and highly productive approach to work by creating games and group exercises to develop awareness and insight of issues, as well developing games to integrate into the working environment. And so, I said to the PR man, it’s a good thing that they are “serious people with serious jobs”, because we also are extremely serious about play, and in today’s environment they simply cannot afford not to play games.63. What does the PR manager think of the author’s proposal of playinggames?A. It is probably nonsense.B. It is against the rule.C. It would be beneficial.D. It is worth a try.64. The author suggests that the PR manager’s position on games _________.A. is hard to understand in today’s worldB. represents a common misunderstandingC. is based on scientifically proven conceptsD. allows for greater work efficiency65. The examples of Apple and Google show that ________.A. games should be separated from workB. it helps to combine work with gamesC. work and games can be clearly definedD. no work can be done well without games66. What is the topic of paragraph 4?A. How to draw a line between work and game?B. What is the line between work and game/C. Should there be a line between work and game?D. Why is there a line between work and game?67. “The Game Trainers” is probably a ________.A. computer gameB. search engineC. research systemD. game developer68. In the passage the author ________.A. encourage people to work more creativelyB. describes how to balance work with lifeC. promotes an innovative approach to workD. analyzes why it is important to enjoy workPassage Four“A robot can’t replace me,” Andy Richter complained loudly but in good fun, facing the prospect of losing his job to the Jeopardy!-wining IBM’s Watson computer. “A robot can’t do the things a human can do, I mean, can he love, can he feel?”Well, no. but some folks are asking similar questions about computers such as Watson taking their jobs someday. “After all, if a machine can beat humans at Jeopardy, will computers soon be competing with people for knowledge-based jobs?” asks Martin Ford, author of The Lights in the Tunnel in a Fortune magazine article. “If IBM’s hopes for the technology are realized, workers may, in fact, have cause for concern.”Ford and others argue that computers and robots such as Watson have the potential to replace not only assembly-line jobs, such as the manufacturing positions that dropped nationwide by one-third over the last decade, but the “knowledge worker”jobs of the modern economy, such as radiologists and lawyers. “Many of these people will be highly educated professionals who had previously assumed that they were, because of their skills and advanced educations, beneficiaries of the trend toward an increasingly technological and globalized world,” Ford argues in his book.But Cornell University sociologist Trevor Pinch says that warnings about artificial intelligence taking over have missed essential shortcomings ofcomputers for decades. “I would call them friendly monsters,” he says, rather than job-killing ones. “Computers can never experience the things that make us uniquely human, they have never been delayed at O’Hare airport long enough to walk around the memorial to Gen. O’Hare, and have that memory stuck in your brain.”Underneath the exaggerated publicity, the human brain far outperforms computers, and not just in raw calculating power, says information scholar Martin Hilbert of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. All of the computers in the world taken together possess the computational power of, in all, 62 human brains, he says, based on findings his team reported this month in Science. There are about six billion people alive today.And they, if things turn out as bad as Ford suggests, there is always the solution that Andy Richter settled on －beating anything that resembles the job-threatening Watson with a baseball bat. Let’s hope it doesn’t come down to that.69. We can learn that Jeopardy! is ________.A. a newly developed computer programB. a match between computers and humansC. a robot built with the least technologyD. a competition between fastest computers70. Paragraph 3 mainly discusses ________.A. the threat posed by tech developmentB. the potential benefits of digitalizationC. the gap between blue-collar and white-collar jobsD. the way to survive knowledge-based economy71. In paragraph 4, Trevor Pinch is talking about ________.A. man’s advantages over computersB. advantages of computers over manC. the reliability of computersD. the future development of computers72. The sentence “There are about six billion people alive today” implies that________.A. nobody should underestimate the power of computersB. we have enough manpower to fix existing problemsC. computers can help human beings in all possible waysD. there is no need to worry too much about computers73. Who is most concerned about computers’ taking over people?A. Martin HilbertB. Trevor PinchC. Martin FordD. Andy Richter74. What does the author think of the prospect of jobs being lost tocomputers?A. It should be taken into serious consideration.B. We can always find solutions to the problem.C. It is too early to say anything for certain.D. We should always be ready for possible changes.Passage FiveThey are regarded as chores by both sexes, but fall disproportionately on only one. The latest survey of time use in America suggests women still shoulder most of the housework, spending on average an hour a day, compared with barely 20 minutes for the unfairer sex.Standard explanations for this division of labor rest on the pay gap between the sexes. A recent report shows women still earn about 20% less than men in America. But in a new paper, Leslie Stratton of Virginia Commonwealth University asks whether different attitudes to housework also play a role in sharing the dusting.Ms Stratton draws on data from the 2000-01 Time Use Survey in Britain, which shows how people spent their day and which task they enjoyed. Attitudes certainly differed: women disliked laundry less than men; ironing was extremely dreaded by both; strangely large numbers of both sexes liked shopping for food.Ms Stratton found some evidence for the pay-gap hypothesis. Women with higher wages did a little less work at home. A woman who earned 10% more than average escaped doing tow minutes’housework per weekday. Her partner heroically made up this time at the weekend. But his wages made no difference to the extent of his efforts around the house.The major determinant of how much housework a man did was how much he disliked it. Men who liked housework spent around 60% more time per weekday on it than those who were indifferent to it. Women’s preference seemed to have no effect on the time the spent on chores.One way to reduce the burden for both is to get help, although again the rewards are unevenly spread. He got away with 43% less housework at weekends, and she did 17% less. Almost all the extra housework generated by children was taken on by the woman. As children get older the weekday burden falls, but weekend time rises －and still comes mainly from her.There is truth in the idea that chores got to the low-paid partner. But cause and effect are unclear. Do women do more because of low pay, or might their careers suffer from a disproportionate burden at home? Evidence that only men’s preferences seem to matter suggests the latter explanation should not be swept under the carpet.75. In a new paper, Leslie Stratton aims to ________.A. introduce some new ways for women to do less houseworkB. explain women’s housework burden from a new angleC. challenge the survey that women still do most of the houseworkD. confirm the standard explanation for women’s housework burden76. Which of the following tasks is disliked most by women?A. Laundry.B. Ironing.C. Shopping for food.D. Caring for babies.77. Ms Stratton finds that the standard explanation for the division of labor_______.A. makes some senseB. lacks real evidenceC. is truly well-groundedD. misses the point78. According to paragraph 5, the division of labor is greatly affected by ___.A. the pay gap between the sexesB. the relationship between the sexesC. women’s attitudes to houseworkD. men’s preferences for housework79. What is the main idea of paragraph 6?A. Men tend to benefit more from hired help.B. Women consider hired help especially useful.C. Getting help works equally well for both sexes.。
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试真题及答案解析
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试心理学专业基础综合试题一、单项选择题：1~65 小题，每小题 2 分，共130 分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1、不属于心理状态的是：A、感觉B、想象C、注意D、记忆2、大脑两半球之间传递信息的神经结构是：A、杏仁核B、内囊C、边缘系统D、胼胝体3、神经系统最小的单位是：A、突触B、轴突C、神经元D、胞体4、大部分色盲不能区分：A、红青B、红黄C、红蓝D、红绿5、感受性提高的感觉适应现象是：A、触觉适应B、嗅觉C、暗觉D、明觉6、当人看到下图，一般都只看到一些乱点，经提示这是一幅骑马图片后，人们就觉得像所提示的内容。
这主要体现的知觉特性是：A、知觉整体性B、知觉理解性 C 知觉恒常性、D、知觉选择性7、立体电影利用知觉的A、运动视差B、纹理梯度C、线条透视D、双眼视差8、5 岁小孩给娃娃讲妈妈讲过的故事，这种语言属于：A、对话B、独白C、语言获得D、语言理解9、安德森提出语言产生三阶段，包括：A、构造、转化、执行B、概念化、公式化、发音C、构造、转化、发音D、概念化、公式化、执行10、在沙赫特和辛格的情绪唤醒模型中，对情绪产生起关键作用的因素是：A、注意B、认知C、生理变化D、情境11、人对同一个目的同时产生两种对应的动机是：A、双趋冲突B、双避冲突C、趋避冲突D、多重趋避冲突12、根据马斯洛的需要层次理论，人的需要从低级到高级的正确排序：A、生理需要、安全的需要、尊重的需要、归属与爱的需要、自我实现的需要B、生理需要、安全的需要、归属与爱的需要、尊重的需要、自我实现的需要C、生理需要、归属与爱的需要、安全的需要、尊重的需要、自自我实现的需要D、生生理需要、归属与爱的需要、尊重的需要、安全的需要、自自我实现的需要13、某生学业成绩好，但其他表现一般，根据斯滕伯格的成功智力理论，其在校表现优异智力是：A、分析性智力B、创造性智力C、实践智力D、综合性智力14、下列属于晶体智力的是：A、形成抽象概念的能力B、发现复杂关系的能力C、理解词汇能力D、知觉的速度15、最具核心意义的个性心理特点是：A、能力B、气质C、性格D、兴趣16、根据奥尔波特的人格特质理论，构成个体独特性的重要特质属于：A、首要特质B、中心特质C、根源特质D、共同特质17、根据人对问题思考的速度的差异，卡根等将认真风格类型划分为：A、场独立性与依存性B、冲动型与沉思型C、同时性与继时性D、整体加工与部分加工18、让吸烟上瘾的人扮演因吸烟患肺癌接受治疗，之后他戒了烟。
2012完整版考研MPAcc会计硕士真题及答案
2012年MPAcc 联考真题及答案1、 某商品的定价为200元，受金融危机的影响，联系两次降价，20%后的售价为(A)114元 (B)120元 (C)128元 (D)144元 (E)160元 2、 如图1，三个边长为1的正方形所覆盖区域（实线所围）的面积为(A) 3-(B) 34-(C) 3-(D)32-(E)34-3、 再一次捐赠活动中，某事将捐赠的物品打包成件，其中帐篷和食品共320件，帐篷比食品多80件，则帐篷的件数是(A)180 (B)200 (C)220 (D)240 (E)2604.如图2，A B C ∆是直角三角形，123,,S S S 为正方形。
已知,,a b c 分别是123,,S S S 的边长，则：（A ）a b c =+ (B) 222a b c =+ (C) 22222a b c =+ (D) 333a b c =+ (E) 33322a b c =+10. 某人在保险柜中存放了M 元现金，第一天取出它的 23，以后每天取出前一天所取的13。
共取了7天，保险柜中剩余的现金为：（A ）73M 元 （B ）63M 元（B ）623M 元 （D ）221()3M ⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦元11.在直角坐标系中，若平面区域D 中虽有的点得坐标(,)x y 均满足：06x ≤≤，06y ≤≤，3y x -≤，229x y +≥。
则的面积是（A ）9(14)4π+ （B ）9(4)4π-（C ）9(3)4π-（D ）9(2)4π+（E ）9(1)4π+12.某单位春季植树100棵，前2天安排乙组植树，其余任务由甲、乙两组用3天完成。
已知甲组每天比乙组多植树4棵，则甲组每天植树 （A ）11棵（B ）12棵（C ）13棵（D ）15棵（E ）17棵14.若32x x ax b +++能被232x x -+整除，则（A ）4,4a b == （B ）4,4a b =-=- （C ）10,8a b ==- （D ）10,8a b =-= （E ）2,0a b =-=18、已知,m n 是正整数，则m 是偶数。
2012年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试题A卷_真题-无答案
2012年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试题A卷(总分100,考试时间150分钟)Part I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 points) Section A Dialogue Completion Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Speaker A:I am so glad I caught you at home. I need your help! Speaker B: ________, Robin?A. Can IB. Do youC. W hat’s thatD. What’s up2. Speaker A:I don’t have the slightest idea what you want to say. Speaker B: You don’t have to.________A. Forget it.B. Just follow my lead.C. I’ll say it later.D. If only you wanted to.3. Speaker A: Nobody list ened to what I have to say. I feel like a fool. Speaker B: Don’t worry._______A. I’m with you.B. I like you.C. They are fools themselves.D. They are no better.4. Speaker A: Oh, hi Dr. Hill. Can I discuss my grade on my term paper with you now? Speaker B: Sure.________A. What seems to be the problem?B. That seems to be a mistake.C. I really appreciate it.D. Could I check back with you later?5. Speaker A: Mr. Jacob, you are a great help. How can I pay you back? Speaker B: OK, you buy me a coffee,________.A. and there is no problemB. and we are evenC. and you’ll feel betterD. and I won’t say anythingSection B Dialogue Comprehension Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices given and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.6. Woman: Mr. Simpson, all the department managers are here except John. Man: Let’s get the meeting rolling. Question: What does the man mean?A. Cancel the meetingB. Start the meetingC. Put the meeting offD. Continue the meeting7. Woman: Protecting the environment should be on the agenda of every one of us. Man: You took the words right out of my mouth. Question: What did the man mean?A. He agreed with the woman.B. He didn’t believe the woman.C. The woman’s words hurt him.D. The woman was talking nonsense.8. Woman: I can’t forgive myself for that terrible mistake I have made. Man: Well, don’t be too hard on yourself. It happens to the best of us. Question: What does the man mean?A. The man should not be forgiven.B. Smart people make few mistakesC. The mistake is not seriousD. The man needn’t feel that9. Woman :Here you are. Do it by six o’clock, OK? Man: By six o’clock? Give me a break. I’m not a superman. Question: What does the man mean?A. He wants to take a break.B. He has to work like a superman.C. There is not enough time for him.D. The work is too difficult for him.10. Woman: I ’m clueless and, quite frankly, I’m getting worried about the future. Man: We’re all in the same boat. Leaving school’s a big step.Question: What’s the issue they are facing now?A. Graduation examination.B. Traveling expenses.C. Career choicesD. Personal finance.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that **pletes the sentence. You’re your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11. I was annoyed by Tom who came late for our appointment and never ______to ask how long Ihad been waiting.A. botherB. to botherC. botheringD. bothered12. The team members were upset when they heard that the project ______have to be abandoned.A. mightB. shouldC. needD. shall13. I’ve attached my contact information in the recommendation letter______you have further questions.A. becauseB. so thatC. sinceD. in case14. As computer security systems become even more advanced, ______the methods of those who try to break into them illegally.A. so too doB. so much doC. as much asD. as well as15. The questions are certain to _______careful consideration before any major decision.A. giveB. have givenC. be givenD. have been given16. This robot is supposed to save a lot of labor, but it may create new problems if it really _______.A. isB. willC. hasD. does17. I don’t know why Mary didn’t ask me how to do it as I _______her.A. must helpB. would helpC. should have helpedD. could have helped18. Peter and Bob both did a good job, but Peter is ______talented of the two.A. the mostB. the moreC. mostD. more19. The function of school education is not so much to teach you things ________to teach you the art of learning.A. thanB. thenC. asD. but20. Graduate school and college are similar _________you have to choose a field of study and do research.A. in thatB. for thatC. for whichD. in which21. Father sometimes goes to the gym with us though he _____going there.A. enjoysB. prefersC. dislikesD. denies22. She was among the most ______players in the game ,but the car accident ruined everything.A. promisedB. promotedC. promisingD. promoting23. Dina ,struggling for months to get a job as a waitress, finally took a ______at a local advertising agency.A. chanceB. positionC. stepD. challenge24. He doesn’t eat pork ,but ______that he’ll eat just about anything.A. rather thanB. no more thanC. other thanD. no longer than25. Simon finally ______to pressure from his parents to stop his tennis training before the exam.A. gave upB. gave inC. gave outD. gave way26. Thomas Edison was responsible for many _____in addition to the light bulb.A. inventionsB. imaginationsC. instructionsD. innovations27. Thrilled that she got her first paycheck ,Nancy immediately_______ her old cell phone with a newer model.A. replacedB. renewedC. combinedD. compared28. Advertising is a tough business because it is very difficult to ________new ideas to sell the same product.A. come up withB. get along withC. come up toD. get down to29. After thinking hard about why I did not have enough time for my schoolwork. I became _______ that I watched too much TV.A. doubtfulB. worriedC. puzzledD. aware30. Following the same rules all these years, the club is _______to any from of change.A. resolvedB. resistantC. restrictedD. reservedPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage One It has never been easy to be a teenager , and it is particularly difficult today. The world expects us to be grown up but rarely treats us like adults; we are part of a society in which drugs are readily available but extremely dangerous; our education consists of examinations and more examin ations… Is it any wonder we struggle at times? One of the biggest problems is that parents demand mature and intelligent behavior from us ,yet usually think of us as still being children .We help do a range of housework and care for sickly grandparents, but cannot watch adult movies on television. We are expected to show an interest in current affairs and get a part-time job to begin to support ourselves, but are not even allowed a say in where we go for the family holiday---never mind being allowed to holiday with our friends！Outside the home , we have to make sure our dissatisfaction does not lead us to rebellion and to the dealers who are just waiting to sell us various drugs .Older generations had to come to terms with alcohol and cigarettes; that was easy, by comparison. We go to a club, to dance, then are faced with temptations(诱惑), peer pressures and our own desire to fitin with the crowd .There is always someone there with a designer drink ,a designer smile and the latest designer drug to tempt us . Being a teenager has never been harder. Of course , it has never been so hard in school either .We have so many examinations that it is difficult to keep track: SATs, GCSEs … and the practice tests that accompany them. Homework is never ending. No teacher seems aware of how much work the others are setting , and, anyway, they would not care ,because they are all under orders to improve results or their own careers will suffer.31. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A. The tempting drugs that can be easily bought.B. The changing world that teenagers have to adapt to.C. School education that focuses merely on examinations.D. Various problems that teenagers have to deal with.32. Parents will most probably say no to their children if they want to _______.A. learn current affairs by watching TVB. go on vacation with friendsC. take a part time job while in schoolD. holiday with the rest of the family33. What does the author mean by saying “Being a teenager has never been harder” in Paragraph 3?A. Parents are more demanding than ever before.B. Teenagers have to try harder to fit into the world.C. Teenagers are under greater pressure from peers.D. There are more and stronger temptations than before.34. As is used in P aragraph 4 , “the others ” refers to ______.A. colleaguesB. neighborsC. parentsD. students35. Why do teachers give their students a huge lot of homework and examinations?A. They have a strong sense of responsibility.B. They intend to inspire students’ interest in learning.C. They are demanded to improve students’ scores.D. They intend to have students work harder in school.Passage Two If you like to take lots of vacation , the United States is not the place to work .Besides a handful of national holidays the typical American worker gets two or three precious weeks off out of a whole year to relax and see the world ---much less than what people in many other countries receive. And even that amount of vacation **es with strings attached. So what’s going on here? A big reason for the difference is that paid time off is demanded by law in many parts of the world .Germany is among more than two dozen industrialized countries---from Australia to Japan---that require employers to offer four weeks or more of paid vacation to their workers , according to a 2009 study by the human resources **pany Mercer. Finland , Brazil and France are the champions, guaranteeing six weeks of time off. But employers in the United States are not obliged under federal law to offer any paid vacation , so about a quarter of all American workers don’t have access to it , government figures show . That makes the U.S . the only advanced nation in the world that doesn’t guarantee its workers annual leave. Most U.S. companies , of course , do provide vacation as a way to attract and retain workers . But the fear of layoffs and the ever –fasterpace of work mean many Americans are reluctant to be absent from the office ---anxious that they might look like they’re **mitted to their job. Or they worry they won’t be able to cope with a pile of work waiting for them after a vacation. Then, there’s the way we work . Working more makes Americans happier than Europeans , according to a study published recently in the Journal of Happiness Studies. That may be because Americans believe more than Europeans do that hard work is associated with success. So despite research documenting the health and productivity benefits of taking time off , a long vacation can be undesirable , scary , unrealistic or just plain impossible for many U.S. workers.36. According to the passage , the United States is a nation_________.A. that prefers relatively longer vacationsB. that has fewer national holidaysC. where workers do not have paid time offD. where employers are not required to offer paid vacation37. The phrase “with strings attached”(Para.1) probably means “_________”.A. with specified conditionsB. with full freedomC. with many optionsD. with work in mind38. Which of the following countries offers the longest annual leave to its workers?A. Germany .B. Japan.C. France .D. Australia.39. Many Americans are hesitant to take a vacation because they __________.A. are afraid of losing their jobsB. enjoy the fast pace of workC. are devoted to their jobsD. like the challenges in work40. According to the author , Americans’ chance of taking a long vacation is ______.A. uncertainB. slimC. goodD. promisingPassage Three New research suggests that animals have a much higher level of brainpower than previously thought. If animals do have intelligence, how do scientists measure it ? Before defining animals’ intelligence, scientists defined what is not intelligence . Instinct is not intelligence. It is a skill programmed into an animal’s brain . Rote conditioning is also not intelligence. Tricks can be learned by repetiti on, but no real thinking is involved . Scientists believe that insight(顿悟)the ability to use tools , **munication using human language are all effective measures of the mental ability of animals. Scientists define insight as a flash of sudden understanding . When a young gorilla could not reach fruit from a tree , she noticed some boxes scattered about the lawn near the tree . She piled up the boxes , then climbed on them to reach her reward . The gorilla’s insight allowed her to solve a new problem without trial and error. The ability to use tools is also an important sign of intelligence . Crows use sticks to get nuts out of cracks . The crow exhibits intelligence by showing it has learned what a stick can do . Likewise , seals use rocks to crack open shells in order to get at the meat. Many animals have learned to communicate using human language . One chimp can recognize and correctly use more than 250 abstract symbols on a keyboard . Thesesymbols represent human words. An amazing parrot can distinguish five objects of two different types . He can understand the difference between the number , color , and kind of object . The ability to classify is a basic thinking skill. He seems to use language to express his needs and emotions . When ill and taken to the animal hospital for his first overnight stay , this parrot turned to go . “Come here!” he cried to a scientist who works with him . “I love you . I’m sorry. Wanna go back?” The research on animal intelligence raises important question s . If animals are smarter than once thought , would that change the way humans interact with them? Would humans stop hunting them for sport or survival? Would animals still be used for food , clothing , or medical experimentation? Finding the answer to these tough questions makes a difficult puzzle even for a large-brained, problem-solving species like our own.41. As is mentioned in Paragraph 1 , “tricks” played by animals may be ________.A. a sign of intelligenceB. a sign of instinctC. learned through trainingD. programmed in their brain at birth42. Crows’ using sticks to get nuts out of cracks illustrates_________.A. rote learningB. the ability to use toolsC. communication skillsD. instinctive response43. The parrot’s be ing able to distinguish five objects of two different types indicates ______.A. its ability to classifyB. its ability to countC. a grasp of human languageD. a flash of sudden understanding44. Which of the following is an example of animals’ communication through the use of human language?A. Parrots can imitate.B. Gorillas scream for help.C. A crow shouts warnings to other crows.D. Chimps use symbols that stand for words.45. The last paragraph implies that __________.A. there is no way of measuring animal intelligenceB. animals are given opportunities to display their intelligenceC. the human-animal relationship needs to be reconsideredD. some animal instincts are well beyond our knowledgePassage Four Another kinds of distinction that can be made among works of art is whether they were originally intended as objects purely to be looked at , or as objects to be used . The FINE ARTS , such as drawing , painting , and sculpture , involve the production of works to be seen and experienced primarily on an abstract rather than practical level . Pieces of fine art may produce emotional , intellectual , sensual , or spiritual responses in us . Those who love the fine arts feel that these responses are very valuable , and perhaps Especially so in the midst of a highly materialistic world , for they expand our awareness of the great richness of life itself. In contrast to the nonfunctionalappeals of the fine arts , the first purpose of the APPLIED ARTS is to serve some useful function . Lucy Lewis , a traditional potter from Acoma Pueblo in New Mexico , has applied a visually exciting surface decoration to her water jar. Bu t the jar’s main reason for being , however , is to hold water . Some of the people of Acoma , which may be the oldest continually inhabited city in the United States , still follow the old ways , carrying water for drinking , cooking , and washing up to their homes from natural ponds below . The forms of their water jars are therefore designed to prevent spilling and to balance readily on one’s head . The pots must also be light in weight , so Acoma water pots are some of the world’s thinnest – walled pottery . Interestingly , the languages of most Native American peoples do not include a word that means “fine art . ”While they have traditionally created pottery , basketry , and weaving with a good sense of design , these pieces were part of their everyday lives. The applied art of pottery-making , is one of the crafts , the making of useful objects by hand . Other applied art disciplines are similarly functional . Graphic designers create advertisements , fabrics , layouts for books and magazines , and so on ; Industrial designers shape the mass – produced objects used by high – tech societies , from cars , telephones , and teapots , to one of the most famous visual images in the world : the Coca –Cola bottle . Other applied arts include clothing design , interior design , and environmental design.46. What has the author probably discussed right before the passage ?A. The history of art .B. The beauty of art .C. Some distinctions among works of art .D. The definition of art in general.47. Which of the following is true ?A. Fine arts enrich our lives.B. Fine arts are associated with application .C. Products of crafts are made to be looked at .D. People in the materialistic world lacks the sense of beauty .48. The water jar mentioned in Paragraph 2 can be described as ___________.A. an example of fine artB. a product of graphic designC. a case of industrial designD. an object for practical use49. The Coca –Cola bottle mentioned in Paragraph 3 ______.A. is a product of craftsB. is an example of applied artC. produces spiritual responsesD. is an object to be looked at50. What is this passage mainly about ?A. The functions of a water jar.B. Pottery-making in North America.C. Fine and applied arts .D. Nonfunctional appeals of fine arts.Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points) Directions: There are 10 blanks in the followingpassage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.U. S. researchers suggest sleeping can help us remember things we have just learnt . A team from Northwestern University __51__ that a 90-minute nap (小睡)can help people learn a new skill . The __52__ on their research is published in the June edition of the journal Nature. The scientists say : “Information acquired during waking can be reactivated (重新激活) during sleep , __53__ memory stabilization .” Test volunteers practiced musical tunes before and after a short sleep . __54__ the nap , the researchers played one of the tunes the volunteers had practiced . The team found that the participants made __55__ errors when playing the tune that had been played while they slept . Study co-author Dr Paul J . Reuber points out the research might not work __56__ learning a foreign language while you sleep . He said : “The critical __57__ is that our research shows that memory is strengthened for something you’ve already learned . ”He added : “Rather than learning something __58__ in your sleep , we ‘re talking about enhancing an existing memory by reactivating information recently acquired .” __59__ ,Dr Reuber did say there were possibilities for language learners :“If you were learnin g __60__ to speak in a foreign language during the day , for example , and then tried to reactivate those memories during sleep , perhaps you might enhance your learning ,”he said .51.A. imagineB. learnC. reportD. guess52.A. claimB. articleC. statementD. lecture53.A. disturbingB. loweringC. updatingD. promoting54.A. DuringB. BeforeC. AtD. After55.A. moreB. fewerC. lessD. most56.A. withB. forC. byD. upon57.A. similarityB. differenceC. viewpointD. response58.A. oldB. strangeC. uniqueD. new59.A. HoweverB. ThereforeC. MoreoverD. Instead60.A. whenB. whereC. howD. whyPart V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points) Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.61. We all know that the most powerful force in our lives is love. In addition to providing us with soul-**panionship, the emotion of love is truly inspiring. Of course, the facts of our lives tell a somewhat sad story. We have a very hard time making love last. The divorce rate in the U.S. is still around 50 percent. That figure doesn’t even cover the many couples that live together without marriage and whose unions are even more likely to dissolve. Relationships fail because people have the misconception about what to expect in marriage. The fantasy is that everything will be wonderful as long as you find the perfect person –your missing half . But marriage is a team sport . It’s one team with two people , with two different minds . The difficulty is that these two people disagree all the time . They need to know nondestructive ways of expressing differences and must also be prepared for the inevitable disappointments **e from living with another person.Part VI Writing (30minutes, 15 points) Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words on the topic of “what would you consider an ideal work environment”. You may base **positio n on the Chinese clues given below and put **position on the ANSWER SHEET.62. 工作环境包括很多方面空间、设施、温度、光线、噪音、人员…… 我想要的理想的工作环境是…… 理想的工作环境的效用是……。
809材料科学基础A试卷12
河南科技大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码： 809 考试科目名称： 材料科学基础A（如无特殊注明，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，否则以“0”分计算）一、简答题 （共50分，每小题10分）1、简述材料科学、材料科学四要素的具体含义。
2、分别简述金属晶体的配位数和致密度的含义；并指出面心立方和密排六方结构的配位数和致密度分别是多少？3、什么是固溶体和中间相？固溶体和中间相性能上有哪些显著差别？4、比较固溶体与纯金属凝固条件的异同。
5、为什么加入少量合金元素对材料的弹性模量影响不大，而对其强度影响较大？二、立方晶系的{110}、{213}晶面族分别包含多少晶面？试分别写出它们的晶面指数。
并分别画出{110}、{213}晶面族中的任意两个晶面。
（共15分）三、纯镍的(111)面上滑移的柏氏矢量为]011[2a 的位错，与)111(面上滑移的柏氏矢量为]101[2a 的位错相遇于两面的交线。
问： （共15分） （1）]110[2]101[2]011[2a a a →+位错反应能否进行； （2）该新形成的位错是哪种类型的位错，能否进行滑移？四、（共20分）（1）画出Fe-Fe 3C 相图，标明各不同区域的相组成；（2）分别说明相图中GS 、ES 、PQ 线的具体含义；（3）分析含碳量为5.0%(质量分数)的Fe-C 合金从液态平衡凝固至室温时的结晶过程；其组织组成物中有哪几种渗碳体；计算其组织组成物的相对含量。
五、图1为Pb-Sn-Bi 三元系相图的液相面交线投影图，其中α、β分别是以Pb 、BiPb 3为基的固溶体。
其中Pb 、Bi 在Sn 中的固溶度以及Pb 、Sn 在Bi 中的固溶度忽略不计。
（共10分）（1）写出Pb-Sn-Bi 三元系合金中所发生的四相平衡转变的反应式；（2）分析合金I 、II 的平衡结晶过程。
图1 Pb-Sn-Bi三元系相图的液相面交线投影图六、某单晶体在外加拉应力作用下，先开动的滑移系为(110)]111[。
2012年法律硕士法学(专业基础课)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年法律硕士法学（专业基础课）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 全部题型 3. 单项选择题4. 多项选择题5. 简答题8. 案例分析题9. 论述题单项选择题1．刑罚的特殊预防是指( )。
A．预防犯罪人再次犯罪B．预防特殊人群犯罪C．预防犯罪人再犯特定之罪D．预防犯罪人再犯同种之罪正确答案：A解析：我国刑罚的目的是通过惩罚与教育相结合的手段，改造罪犯，教育罪犯，预防犯罪。
其中预防犯罪分为：(1)特殊预防：通过刑罚适用。
防止犯罪人重新犯罪。
(2)一般预防：通过对犯罪人适用刑罚，预防尚未犯罪的人实施犯罪。
2．张某等五人劫持了甲与乙，然后命令甲杀死乙，否则将杀死甲。
甲被逼无奈用绳子勒死了乙。
根据刑法规定，甲的行为属于( )。
A．正当防卫B．紧急避险C．故意杀人罪D．过失致人死亡罪正确答案：C解析：所谓正当防卫，根据《刑法》规定，是指为了使国家、公共利益、本人或者他人的人身、财产和其他权利免受正在进行的不法侵害，而采取的制止不法侵害的行为，对不法侵害人造成损害的，属于正当防卫，不负刑事责任。
本题中的行为并不是针对不法侵害人而是针对无辜的第三人，故不是正当防卫，A项错误。
所谓紧急避险根据法律规定，是指为了使国家、公共利益，本人或者他人的人身、财产和其他权利免受正在发生的危险，不得已采取的紧急避险行为，造成损害的，不负刑事责任，B项错误。
本题中侵害他人生命来保护自己生命，并不是为了保护更大的利益，不符合紧急避险的构成。
所谓过失犯罪根据法律规定，是指应当预见自己的行为可能会发生危害社会的结果，因为疏忽大意而没有预见，或者已经预见而轻信能够避免，以致发生这种结果。
本题中行为人故意进行杀人行为，所以不存在过失犯罪的构成条件，D项错误。
明知自己的行为会发生危害社会的结果，并且希望或者放任这种结果发生，因而构成犯罪的，是故意犯罪。
行为人虽然受到了他人胁迫，但是仍然是出于自己的独立行为完成了杀人行为，符合故意杀人的犯罪构成。
2012年6月研究生期末试卷A
ENGLISH ACHIEVEMENT TEST FOR POSTGRADURATESJune 2012Name_______________ Number _______________ Class______________PartⅠListening Comprehension (25%)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which the best answer is. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the centre.Short Conversations1.[A] Ask friends to help her.[B] Try to finish both on Saturday.[C] Try to finish one work on Saturday.[D] Talk to both sides and ask for more time.2. [A] At a drug store.[B] At a hospital.[C] At a doctor’s office.[D] At a dentist’s office.3. [A] Interviewer and interviewee.[B] Employer and employee.[C] Teacher and student.[D] Doctor and patient.4. [A] Her husband is from another country.[B] Conflicts between couples are mainly from culture shocks.[C] The man has great difficulty getting along with his wife.[D] Couple from the same area have no conflicts.5. [A] In a car.[B] At a bus-stop.[C] In a bus.[D] In a theater.6. [A] The man is ill.[B] The man is a clerk.[C] The man does pay attention to his health.[D] The man has stayed in bed for a week.7. [A] Neither of their watches keeps good time.[B] The woman’s watch stopped 3 hours ago.[C] The woman’s watch goes too fast.[D] It’s too dark for the woman to read her watch.8. [A] He went to the movie theater last night.[B] He was with another girl.[C] He was fast asleep.[D] He was watching another channel.Long ConversationsConversation OneQuestions 9-12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. [A] On television.[B] At registration.[C] In class.[D] At work.10. [A] Students are not required to attend regular lectures.[B] The professor videotapes lectures for review.[C] Classes are held at various locations throughout the area.[D] Students received credit for work experience.11. [A] It’s a requirement for psychology majors.[B] She wasn’t able to get into the traditional course.[C] She lives far from the university.[D] She has to work a lot of hours this semester.12. [A] It requires too much travelling.[B] It limits interaction among students.[C] It increases class size.[D] It encourages students to watch too much television. Conversation TwoQuestions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. [A] Going to Italy vs. helping her mother.[B] Going to Nepal vs. staying home.[C] Having fun vs. making money.[D] Attending her family vs. improving herself.14. [A] Find a high-paying part-time job.[B] Practice his knowledge in field work.[C] Borrow some money from a financial group.[D] Prepare for his last academic year in advance.15. [A] Many programs are provided.[B] It is difficult to get in.[C] Students’ fees are rather high.[D] Students have chances to go abroad.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have justheard.16. [A]The painting of Lisa will be unearthed.[B] The husband of Mona Lisa is to be discovered.[C] The bones of Leonardo’s Model might be unearthed.[D] Da Vinci’s painting is regained.17. [A] At a convent in Florence.[B] Near her home in Florence.[C] In a church in Paris.[D] Near her home in Paris.18. [A] Because Lisa’s husband asked Da Vinci to do it.[B] Because Lisa herself asked Da Vinci to do it.[C] Because Da Vinci once loved Lisa.[D] Because Da Vinci was Lisa’s neighbor.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. [A] Patel’s mother.[B] Patel’s wife.[C] Patel’s partner.[D] Patel’s friend.20. [A] She was wide awake.[B] She was in sound sleep.[C] She was looking at the photos.[D] She was calling her partner.21. [A] It was in good condition.[B] It was overcrowded.[C] It carried 4 passengers.[D] It broke down halfway.22. [A] Patel’s Indian friends all died.[B] Patel’s friends all liked him.[C] Patel happened to sit in the back seats.[D] Patel might happen to drive the car.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. [A] The housing affordability crisis.[B] The personal credit crisis.[C] The government credit crisis.[D] The party political crisis.24. [A] It is realizable.[B] It is obtainable.[C] It is unrealistic.[D] It is unpractical.25. [A] Insufficient houses being built.[B] The rising interest rates.[C] Uncertainty about the carbon tax.[D] Uncertainty about the government.Part ⅡVocabulary (20%)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.26. We need one hundred more signature before we take the ________ to the governor.A) poster B) melee C) petitionD) notice27. The ecologist felt a great ________ from spotting the rarespecies at the foot of the mountain.A) thrill B) tremble C) lustD) thrift28. ― Better late than never‖ is a ________that is very familiar to most English speakers.A) plaudit B) plenary C) plentyD) platitude29. She used to satisfy all the needs of the youngster, who had________ for more pocket money.A) impressed B) importuned C) informed D) improvised30. The belief that one should be honest is deeply ________ in our culture.A) incurred B) ingenuous C）ingredient D) ingrained31. The company was financially ________ and almost wentinto bankruptcy.A) corrupt B) cornered C) conjured D) covered32. His irresponsibility and dishonesty ________ the anger of his friends.A) indebt B) indicate C) incurD) incline33. Compared with all his peers, the young man had been________ successful in that field.A) conspicuous B) conspicuouslyC)notorious D) notoriously34. In this ________ romantic novel, the author narrates a riveting love story.A) racy B) rave C) raptD) ratio35. It is absolutely ________that every driver of a vehicle mus t pass a driver’s license test.A) mandatory B) machinery C) monetary D) mercury36.The challenge for the future lies in ________ conditions incities that will be favorable to economic growth.A) formulating B) fostering C）forbidding D) forking37. The old lady _________ about her granddaughter for about an hour.A) rated B) raved C) rantedD) ranked38. Cotton is the ________ of the surrounding country.A) mainline B) mainspring C) mainstay D）mainland39. Linguistics ________ a diverse range of subjects such as phonetics and stylistics.A) embraces B) emerges C) emitsD) employs40. He really enjoyed the film because it was a___________of history and contemporary events.A) fuss B) flurry C) fuse D）fusion41. In China, home computer ownership is expected to___________that of the U.S. and Europe combined..A) outline B) outrage C) outstripD) outgrow42. The child’s brain disorder was ________.A) congenital B) conservative C) congenial D) congeal43. Conservation is of ________ importance.A) paralyze B) paramount C) paranoiaD) paranormal44. The use of animal in scientific tests raises difficult ________ questions.A) ethical B) ethics C) ethnicD) cheeky45. TV coverage of the match had to be ________ when it went into over-time.A) churned B) prolonged C) promotedD) addicted46. Lack of essential minerals can cause ________ in unbornchildren.A) deform B) deformity C) declination D) diabetes47. All the cars are tested for ________before they leave the factory.A) defection B) defects C) detectionD) defector48. She had a(n) ________ sense of guilt for sometime afterbreaking off her relationship with Henry.A) longing B) lingering C) leadingD) leaning49. To her relief she was ________ of all the charges laid against her.A) acquitted B) alleged C) acquiredD) acquainted50. In many Western cultures, ________ consciousness isbased on a perception of objects in space, rather than of space itself.A) murky B) spatial C)subjective D) viable51. ________ are those implicit cultural rules by means ofwhich sets are arranged so that they take on meaning.A) Patterns B) Patrol. C) pavilionD) penetration52. A small but ________ group of critics, many of themsupported by the oil and coal industries, still don’t buy it.A) consistent B) persistent C) elegantD) parliament53. People from different cultures may unconsciously_________ on each other’s sense of space.A) break B) breach C) infringeD) inflict54. Children are often very good at ___________ into a new culture.A) combining B) integrating C) constituting D) inflicting55. Different perceptions of time may cause cultural ________.A) clashes B) clasps C) coresD) castes56. The tutor tried to dissuade students from using________ in formal writing.A) neo-fascist B) neologism C) neocolonialism D) neo-realist57. We help people with mental or physical ________ to find work.A) handicaps B) mortal C) dilemma D) handcraft58. The ________ of medical knowledge are being pushed farther outwards as time goes on.A) volunteer B) frontiers C) frontage D)chaplain59. We need ________ evidence if we are going to take legal action.A) tangle B) thorny C) tangibleD) newly60. The public were________ when they heard the presidenthad been murdered.A) appalled B) intrude C) invaded D) attested61. The senator is opposed to any laws that ________ on a citizen’s right to bear arms.A) destroy B) infringe C) salvageD) damage62. There was a _______look on his face whenever he looked at his sweetheart.A) rapt B) capture C) rapeD) rapture63. Parents must not ________ their children’s bad behavior.A) connote B) afflict C) condone D) opt64. Nuclear power is still a ________issue.A) vigilant B) livid C)viableD) prickly65. Despite fierce competition, she fought ________ to win the gold medal.A) galley B) gallop C) gully D) gallantlyPart ⅢReading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the passage. (True涂A，False涂B) According to Freud, no mistakes in speaking, including mispronounced or misplaced words, momentary stammering, are in fact accidental. All are symptoms of inner conflicts, associated with the way in which our unconsciousnessinfluences what we consciously say and do. Slips of the tongue are unconsciously motivated—by motives or feelings that we feel on an unconsciously level, but which are repressed from our conscious minds –or which we try consciously but unsuccessfully to suppress. These often, but by no means always, involve sexual associations.As in other cases of the misunderstanding of actions or talk, slips of the tongue are often humorous, and could pass as jokes. The difference lies simply in whether or not the speaker consciously intended the words to come out as they did. Slips of the tongue shade over into other types of ―inappropriate‖speech, which Freud also believed are often unconsciously motivated—as when a person fails to see that something he or she says has a clear double meaning. These again can be taken as jokes if deliberately intended—but are otherwise lapses in the controlled production of talk that we expect people to sustain.One of the best ways of illustrating these points is to look at lapses in the talk of radio and TV announcers. Announcer s’speech is not like ordinary day-to-day talk, because it is not spontaneous, but scripted. It is also expected to be more nearly ―perfect‖ than ordinary talk—delivered with fewer hesitations and more clearly articulated. Hence, when announcers, such as newscasters, make ―bloopers,‖they are more visible and obvious than in casual conversations. Yet announcers do, of course, make slips of the tongue, and many are funny or have the ―only too true‖ nature to which Freud called attention.We tend to laugh more at verbal mistakes when announcers (or professors in lectures) make them than in ordinary conversation. Broadcasters and professors are supposed to be specialists in the production of faultless talk. The humor does not only reside in what is said, or mis-said, but in the discomfiture that the person might show at delivering a less than perfect performance. We temporarily see behind the mask of cool professionalism to the ―ordinary individual‖ behind.66. According to Freud , all kinds of mistakes in speaking aresymptoms of inner conflicts.67.Slips of the tongue are often humorous and comical.68.Sometimes a speaker can deliberately allow himself slipsof the tongue in order to be humorous.69.News announcers’ speeches are as spontaneous as everyday talk.70.Audiences sometimes laugh at announcers’ slips of thetongue because they are afforded a glance at the human side of these professionals.Passage TwoQuestions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.Like most people, I’ve long understood th at I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I’m treated as a person.Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people. I had customers say and do things to meI suspect they’d never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned (示意) me back with his finger a minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I’d been.I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon(勤杂工) by plenty of people. But at 19 years old. I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I’d be sitting at their table, waiting to be served.Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked-cordially.I soon found out differently, I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking forKristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me.My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry. It’s no secret that there’s a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry, by definition, exists to cater to others’ needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn’t get the difference between server and servant.I’m now applying to graduate school, which means someday I’ll return to a profe ssion where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. I think I’ll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.71. The author was disappointed to find that___________________.A) one’s position is used as a gauge to measure one’s intelligenceB) talented people like her should fail to get a respectable jobC) one’s occupation affects the way one is treated as a personD) professionals tend to look down upon manual workers72. What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph?A) Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them.B) People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absent-minded.C) Waitresses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances.D) Some customers like to make loud complaints for no reason at all.73. How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of19?A) She felt it unfair to be treated as a mere servant by professionals.B) She felt badly hurt when her customers regarded her as a peon.C) She was embarrassed each time her customers joked with her.D) She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior.74. What does the author imply by saying ―…many of mycustomers didn’t get the difference between server and servant‖ (Lines 3-4)?A) Those who cater to others’ needs are destined to be looked down upon.B) Those working in the service industry shouldn’t be treated as servants.C) Those serving others have to put up with rough treatment to earn a living.D) The majority of customers tend to look on a servant asa server nowadays.75. The author says she’ll one day take her clients to dinner in order to _______.A) see what kind of person they areB) experience the feeling of being servedC）show her generosity towards people inferior to herD）arouse their sympathy for people living a humble lifePassage ThreeQuestions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage.Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don’t always say what we mean or mean what we say.Sometimes our words don’t mean anything except ― I’m letti ng off some steam. I don’t really want you to pay close attention to what I’m saying. Just pay attention to what I’m feeling.‖ Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, ―This step has to be fixed before I’ll buy.‖ The owner says, ― It’s been like that for years.‖ Actually, the step hasn’t been like that for years, but the unspoken message is: ― I don’t want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can’t you?‖ The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friend’s unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it waspreceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says ―No!‖ to a serials of charges like ―You’re dumb,‖ ―You’re lazy,‖ and ―You’re dishonest,‖ may also say ―No!‖ and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is ―And you’re good looking.‖We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, ―If sure has been nice to have you over,‖ can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.76. Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners, if ______.A) they use proper words to carry their ideas.B) they both speak truly of their own feelings.C) they try to understand each other’s ideas beyond words.D) they are capable of associating meaning with their words.77.―I’m letting off some steam‖ in paragraph 1 means________.A) I’m just calling your attention.B) I’m just kidding.C) I’m just saying the opposite.D) I’m just giving off some sound.78.The house-owner’s example shows that he actually means_________.A) the step has been like that for yearsB) he doesn’t think it necessary to fix the stepC) the condition of the step is only a minor faultD) the cost involved in the fixing should be shared79.Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if__________.A) linked to an abnormal amount of assertivenessB) seen as one’s habi tual pattern of behaviorC) taken as part of an ordering sequenceD) expressed to a series of charges80.The word ―ritualistically‖ in the last paragraph equals something done_________.A) without true intentionB) light-heartedlyC) in a way of ceremonyD) with less emphasisPassage FourQuestions 81 to 85 are based on the following passage.Jogging has become the most popular individual sport in America. Many theories, even some mystical ones, have been advanced to explain the popularity of jogging. The plain truth is that jogging is a cheap, quick and efficient way to maintain physical fitness.The most useful sort of exercise is exercise that develops the heart, lungs, and circulatory systems. If these systems arefit, the body is ready for almost any sport and for almost any sudden demand made by work or emergencies. One can train more specifically, as by developing strength for weight lifting or the ability to run straight ahead for short distances with great powers in football, but running trains your heart and lungs to deliver oxygen more efficiently to all parts of your body. It is worth noting that this sort of exercise is the only kind that can reduce heart disease, the number one cause of death in America. Only one sort of equipment is needed – a good pair of shoes. Physicians advise beginning joggers not to run in a tennis or gym shoe. Many design advances have been made in only the last several years that make an excellent running shoe in dispensable if a runner wishes to develop as quickly as possible, with as little chance of injury as possible.A good running shoe will have a soft pad for absorbing shock, as well as a slightly built-up heel and a full heel cup that will give the knee and ankle more stability. A wise investment in good shoes will prevent bilisters and the foot, ankle and knee injures and will also enable the wearer to run on paved or softsurfaces.No other special equipment is needed; you can jog in any clothing you desire, even your street clothes. Many joggers wear expensive, flashy warm –up suits, but just as many wear a simple pair of gym shoes and T-shirt; in fact, many people just jog in last year’s clothes. In cold weather, several layers of clothing are better than one heavy sweater or coat. If joggers are wearing several layers of clothing, they can add or subtract layers as conditions change.It takes surprisingly little time to develop the ability to run. The American Jogging Association has a twelve –week program designed to move form a fifteen-minute walk (which almost anyone can manage who is in reasonable health) to a thirty-minute run. A measure of common sense, a physical examination, and a planned schedule are all it takes.81.The main purpose of this passage is to _____.A) discuss jogging as a physical fitness programB) describe the type of clothing needed for joggingC) provide scientific evidence of the benefits of joggingD)distinguish between jogging as a ―common sense ―fitnessprogram and a cult (崇拜) movement82.The most useful kind of exercise is exercise that ______.A) trains the body for weigh liftingB) enables a person to run straight ahead for short distances with great powerC) is both beneficial and inexpensiveD) develops the heart, lungs, and circulatory systems83.We can conclude from this passage that ________.A) because of jogging, heart disease is no longer an American problemB) jogging can be harmful if the runner is not properly preparedC) warm-up suits are preferable to gym shoes and T-shirtsD) jogging is bad for the ankles and knees84.The author’s tone ________.A) skeptical B) aggressive C）approving D）purely objective85.As used in this passage, the word ―mystical ― means ________.A）awesome B）horrifying C) a spiritual discipline D) viciousPart ⅣWriting (15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The More You Give, the More You Get You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below:1.Some people argue that this will not do in a market-driven society.2.My opinion.ANSWER SHEETName_______________Score________________Number_______________ Dept.______________ Class______________Part ⅣWriting:The More You Give, the More You Get。
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图 1.4
共 3 页
第 1 页
请注意：答案必须写在答题纸上（写在试卷上无效） 。 5．图 1.5 所示的梁支座发生移动，画出满足反力互等定理的两个力 k12 和 k21 。 （6 分）
图 1.5
6. 图 1.6 所示连续梁承受任意分布的均布荷载 q 作用，画出 M A 的最不利荷载布置。
（6 分）
2 EI EI1 ，柱的刚度 EI=常量， 下图所示刚架矩阵位移法（先处理法）的刚度方程。已知各杆的 EI、EA 均为 常量。 (20 分）
y
x
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第 3 页
图 1.6
二、求作下图所示结构在荷载作用下内力图。
(25 分)
三、用力法计算下图所示结构并做出 M 图。已知各杆 EI=常数。
(25 分)
共 3 页
第 2 页
请注意：答案必须写在答题纸上（写在试卷上无效） 。 四、利用位移法作下图所示对称结构的 M 图，已知 EA=EI/4。
（25 分）
五、求图示刚架在动荷载作用下的最大动弯矩图及梁的最大动位移。已知梁的刚度
广西大学 2012 年硕士研究生入学考试试卷
考试科目代码：885 本科目考试准否携带计算器：
一、填空题（共 35 分）
1．图 1.1 所示体系是___________________体系，它有_____个多余约束。 （5 分）
考试科目名称： 准许
结构力学
请注意：答案必须写在答题纸上（写在试卷上无效） 。
图 1.1
图 1.2
2．图 1.2 所示对称桁架内力为零的杆有
。 （6 分）
3. 已知图 1.3 所示刚架及其在荷载作用下的弯矩图，各杆 EI 均为常量，则 A 点的竖向位 移 Av __________________（6 分） 。
图 1.3
4．采用图 1.4 所示的力法基本体系求解图示超静定梁，则力法典型方程为____________ ________________________，其中自由项 1C 。 （6 分）