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GSMR接口需求规范

GSMR接口需求规范

ERTMS/ETCS – Class 1GSM-R InterfacesClass 1 RequirementsREF : SUBSET-093ISSUE : 2.3.0DATE : 10-Oct-2005Company Technical Approval Management approval ALCATELALSTOMANSALDO SIGNALBOMBARDIERINVENSYS RAILSIEMENS1. M ODIFICATION H ISTORYIssue NumberDateSection Number Modification / Description Author0.1.0 (8-Aug-02) Creation based on subset052LK0.1.1 (8-Aug-02) All Minor editorial changes LK0.1.1ec All englishcheck JH0.2.0 (9-Sep-02) 3., 4.2, 4.1, 6.3, 7.2,8.2 Updated after email discussionLK0.3.0 (24-Oct-02) All Updated after FlorencemeetingLK+TS0.4.0 (14-Nov-02) All Updated after LondonmeetingLK0.5.0 (5-Dec-02) 4.2, 5.6.1, 6.2, 7.1,7.3, 9.2 Updated after Berlin meetingLK0.6.0 (12-Dec-02) 3., 6.3., 10.4.3 Email comments included TS+LK2.0.0 (12-Dec-02) Erroneous versionnumber 2.2.0correctedFinal issue LK2.1.0 (28-March-03)3.1.1.1, 6.3.1.3,7.1.1.1, 8.1.1.1 Update acc. to super group commentsLK2.2.0 (28-March-03) - Final version LK2.2.2.31-03-03 Versionnumberchangedfor release to the usersGroupWLH2.2.3 (12-June-03) All Update after Brussels mtg.and GSM-R Op. grp.commentsLK2.2.4 (26-June-03) editorial Draft release to UsersGroupJH2.2.5 - FormalreleaseJH 2.2.5.1 4.2, 6.2, 6.3, new 6.4 Update after Paris mtg. andGSM-R Op. grp. commentsLK2.2.5.2 Various update after further GSM-ROp grp reviewJH2.2.5.3 cleanversion JH 2.2.5.4 6.4 Updated after further GSM-R Op grp requestRB2.2.6 CleanversionRB2.2.6 revA (31-Jan-05) 4.2, 6.3, 6.4, Annex A Proposal for QoS parametervaluesLK2.2.6 revB (14-Feb-05) 6.3, 6.4, Annex A Updated after QoSmeeting#6 BrusselsLK2.2.6 revC (24-Feb-05) 6.3, 6.4, Annex A,Annex B added Updated during BerlinmeetingLK2.2.6 revD (25-Feb-05) 6.2, 6.3.5, 10.3, 10.5.2 Email comments inserted LK2.2.6 revE (6-Apr-05)3.1., 3.2,4.1,5.1,6.3,10.1, 10.3, 10.5, 10.7 Updated after QoSmeeting#7 BrusselsLK2.2.6 revF (25-Apr-05)3.1,4.1,5.1,6.3, 6.4,10.1, 10.3, 10.5, 10.6,10.7Edinburgh meeting TS+LK2.2.6revG (20-May-05)3.1, 5.1, 6.3, 6.4, 8.2 Changes according toBrussels meetingLK2.2.6revH (1-Sep-05) 4.1, 5.1, 6.3, 6.4, 7.2,10.3, 10.4, 10.5 Comments from SG andEEIGLK2.2.6revI (8-Sep-05) 5.1, 6.3, 6.4, 10.4 Zürich meeting PL+LK 2.3.0 (10-Oct-05) update for issue JH2. T ABLE OF C ONTENTS1.M ODIFICATION H ISTORY (2)2.T ABLE OF C ONTENTS (4)3.R EFERENCES (6)3.1Normative Documents (6)3.2Informative Documents (7)4.T ERMS AND DEFINITIONS (8)4.1Abbreviations (8)4.2Definitions (9)5.G ENERAL (10)5.1Scope of this document (10)5.2Introduction (10)6.E ND-TO-END SERVICE REQUIREMENTS TO GSM-R NETWORKS (12)6.1Data bearer service requirements (12)6.2Additional services (12)6.3Quality of Service requirements (13)6.3.1General (13)6.3.2Connection establishment delay (14)6.3.3Connection establishment error ratio (14)6.3.4Transfer delay (15)6.3.5Connection loss rate (15)6.3.6Transmission interference (15)6.3.7GSM-R network registration delay (16)6.4Summary of QoS requirements (16)7.R EQUIREMENTS TO FIXED NETWORK INTERFACE (17)7.1Foreword (17)7.2Interface definition (17)7.3Communication signalling procedures (17)8.R EQUIREMENTS TO MOBILE NETWORK INTERFACE (18)8.1Foreword (18)8.2Interface definition (18)9.A NNEX A(I NFORMATIVE) TRANSMISSION INTERFERENCE AND RECOVERY (19)9.1General (19)9.2Transmission interference in relation to HDLC (19)10.A NNEX B(INFORMATIVE)J USTIFICATION OF Q O S PARAMETER VALUES (22)10.1General (22)10.2Connection establishment delay (22)10.3Connection establishment error ratio (22)10.4Transfer delay (23)10.5Connection loss rate (23)10.5.1QoS targets (23)10.5.2Conclusions (24)10.6Transmission interference (24)10.7Network registration delay (26)3. R EFERENCESDocuments3.1 Normative3.1.1.1 This document list incorporates by dated or undated references, provisions from otherpublications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate place in the textand the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequentamendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this document onlywhen incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latestedition of the publication referred to apply.Reference DateTitleU-SRS 02.02 ERTMS/ETCS Class 1; Subset 026; Unisig SRS, version 2.2.2 Subset 037 07.03 ERTMS/ETCS Class 1; Subset 037; EuroRadio FIS; Class1requirements, version 2.2.5EIRENE FRS 10.03 UIC Project EIRENE; Functional Requirements Specification.Version 6.0, CLA111D003EIRENE SRS 10.03 UIC Project EIRENE; System Requirements Specification.Version 14.0, CLA111D004ETS 300011 1992 ISDN; Primary rate user-network interface; Layer 1 specificationand test principlesETS 300102-1 1990 ISDN; User-network interface layer 3; Specification for basiccall controlETS 300125 1991 ISDN; User-network interface data link layer specificationsGSM04.21 12.00 Rate Adaptation on the MS-BSS Interface, v.8.3.0GSM 07.0711.98 ETSI TS 100916; Digital cellular telecommunications system(Phase 2+); AT command set for GSM Mobile Equipment (ME),GSM TS 07.07 version 6.5.0 Release 1997ITU-T V.24 02.00 List of definitions for interchange circuits between data terminalequipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE)ITU-T V.25ter 07/97 Serial asynchronous dialling and controlITU-T V.110 02.00 Support of data terminal equipments (DTEs) with V-series typeinterfaces by an integrated services digital network (ISDN) EuroRadio FFFIS 09.03 UIC ERTMS/GSM-R Unisig; Euroradio Interface Group; RadioTransmission FFFIS for Euroradio; A11T6001; version 12O-2475 09.03 UIC ERTMS/GSM-R Operators Group; ERTMS/GSM-R Qualityof Service Test Specification; O-2475; version 1.0Documents3.2 InformativeTitleReference DateEEIG 04E117 12.04 ETCS/GSM-R Quality of Service - Operational Analysis, v0.q(draft)ERQoS 08.04 GSM-R QoS Impact on EuroRadio and ETCS application,Unisig_ALS_ERQoS, v.0104. T ERMS AND DEFINITIONS4.1 AbbreviationsAT ATtention command setATD AT command DialB channel User channel of ISDNB m channel User channel of GSM PLMN on the air interfaceBRI Basic Rate InterfaceByte 1 start bit + 8 data bits + 1 stop bitDCE Data Circuit EquipmentDCD Data Carrier DetectD channel Control channel of ISDND m channel Control channel of GSM PLMN on the air interfaceDTE Data Terminal EquipmenteMLPP enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emptionFIS Functional Interface SpecificationGPRS General Packet Radio Service (a phase 2+ GSM service) GSM-R Global System for Mobile communication/RailwayHDLC High level Data Link ControlISDN Integrated Services Digital NetworkMLPP Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption (ISDN service) MOC Mobile Originated CallMS Mobile Station (a GSM entity)Termination/Terminated MT MobileMTC Mobile Terminated CallMTBD Mean Time Between DisturbanceUnitOBU On-BoardPLMN Public Land Mobile NetworkPRI Primary Rate InterfaceQoS Quality of ServicesRBC Radio Block CentreT TI Duration of Transmission Interference periodT REC Duration of Recovery periodUDI Unrestricted Digital4.2 Definitions4.2.1.1 Definitions for the purpose of this specification are inserted in the respective sections.5. G ENERAL5.1 Scope of this document5.1.1.1 The scope of this document is to specify the Radio Communication Systemrequirements to the GSM-R network services (including fixed side access) andinterfaces and also the pre-requisites to be fulfilled by GSM-R networks and ETCSinfrastructures. Presently the requirements for high-speed lines are covered,requirements for conventional lines may be included in future versions of thisdocument.5.1.1.2 The data transmission part of the communication protocols is fully described in theEuroRadio FIS [Subset 037].5.1.1.3 The Radio Transmission FFFIS for EuroRadio [EuroRadio FFFIS] specifies thephysical, electrical and functional details related to the interfaces.5.1.1.4 All requirements apply to GSM-R unless indicated otherwise .5.2 Introduction5.2.1.1 The definition of the GSM services and associated physical and communicationsignalling protocols on the air interface are fully standardised in the specificationsproduced by the ETSI GSM Technical Committee for the public GSM implementationas well as for the GSM-R. Additionally, some railway specific services are alsospecified in the EIRENE SRS. However, in both cases, not all are required for ERTMSclass 1 system definition.5.2.1.2 The following ETSI GSM phases 1/2/2+ services are required:a) Transparent data bearer serviceb) Enhanced multi-level precedence and pre-emption (eMLPP).5.2.1.3 Other ETSI GSM phases 1/2/2+ services are not required for Class 1. These are thefollowing :a) GSM supplementary services:• Call forwardingb) General packet radio service (GPRS)5.2.1.4 Other ETSI GSM phases 1/2/2+ services are not required. Examples of these are thefollowing :a) Non-transparent data bearer serviceb) GSM supplementary services:• Line identification•Call waiting and hold• Multiparty•Closed User Group•Advice of charge• Call Barringc) Short message service point to point or cell broadcastd) Voice broadcast servicee) Voice group call service5.2.1.5 The following EIRENE railway specific service [EIRENE SRS] is required:a) Location dependent addressing5.2.1.6 The following EIRENE specific services [EIRENE SRS] are not required :a) Functional addressingb) Enhanced location dependent addressingc) Calling and connected line presentation of functional identitiesd) Emergency callse) Shunting modef) Multiple driver communications6. E ND-TO-END SERVICE REQUIREMENTS TO GSM-RNETWORKS6.1 Data bearer service requirements6.1.1.1 For the transmission of information between OBU and RBC, the EuroRadio protocoluses the bearer services of a GSM-R network. The service provider makes these databearer services available at defined interfaces.6.1.1.2 The data bearer services are described as data access and transfer in the GSMnetwork from Terminal Equipment (TE) on the mobile side (i.e. OBU) to a networkgateway interworking with Public Switched Telephonic Network (PSTN) or IntegratedServices Digital Network (ISDN) on the fixed side (i.e. RBC).6.1.1.3 The following features and attributes of the required bearer service shall be provided:a) Data transfer in circuit switched modeb) Data transfer allowing multiple rate data streams which are rate-adapted[GSM04.21] and [ITU-T V.110]c) Unrestricted Digital Information (UDI) – only supported through ISDN interworking(no analogue modem in the transmission path)d) Radio channel in full ratee) Transfer of data only (no alternate speech/data)f) Transfer in asynchronous transparent modeg) The required data rates are listed in the following table:Bearer service Requirement24. Asynchronous 2.4 kbps T O25. Asynchronous 4.8 kbps T M26. Asynchronous 9.6 kbps T MT: Transparent; M: Mandatory; O: OptionalTable1 GSM-R bearer servicesservices6.2 Additional6.2.1.1 The following supplementary services shall be provided:a) Enhanced multi-level precedence and pre-emption.b) The selection of a particular mobile network shall be possible on-demand.6.2.1.2 The priority value for command control (safety) shall be assigned to according to[EIRENE FRS §10.2] and [EIRENE SRS §10.2].6.2.1.3 The following railway specific service shall be provided by GSM-R networks:a) Location dependent addressing based on the use of short dialling codes inconjunction with cell dependent routing.6.3 Quality of Service requirements6.3.1 General6.3.1.1 As an end-to-end bearer service is used, a restriction of requirements on the servicequality placed on the air interface is not sufficient.6.3.1.2 End-to-end quality of service has to be considered at the service access points.6.3.1.3 The service access points are:•the service access points to the signalling stack for the establishment or release of a physical connection,•the service access points to the data channel.6.3.1.4 The network shall be able to support transparent train-to-trackside and trackside-to-train data communications at speeds up to 500 km/h e.g. in tunnels, cuttings, onelevated structures, at gradients, on bridges and stations.6.3.1.5 The network shall provide a Quality of Service for ETCS data transfer that is at least asgood as listed below1. The parameters are valid for one end-to-end connection for onetrain running under all operational conditions.6.3.1.6 The required QoS parameters shall not depend on network load.6.3.1.7 These performance figures reflect railway operational targets [EEIG 04E117].6.3.1.8 Note: A justification of the performance figures is given by Annex B.6.3.1.9 QoS requirements are specified independently of the method of measurement (refer to[O-2475] for specification of testing).6.3.1.10 Conventional line quality of service requirements may be included in future versions ofthis document. Also the values may not be applied at all locations and times (e.g.discontinuous radio coverage at some locations).6.3.1.11 Given the performance constraints of GSM-R, pre-conditions may be necessary tomeet the railway operational targets of [EEIG 04E117]. If different operational QoStargets are required, then other pre-conditions on ETCS application may be necessary.1 Early experience suggests that GSM-R performance can be better than these parameters suggest, after network optimisation and tuning.Such a case is not covered by this specification and this aspect of ETCS SystemPerformance becomes the responsibility of whoever specifies different operationaltargets.6.3.2 Connection establishment delay6.3.2.1 Connection establishment delay is defined as:Value of elapsed time between the connection establishment request and theindication of successful connection establishment.6.3.2.2 In case of mobile originated calls, the delay is defined between the request bycommand ATD and indication by the later of the two events response CONNECT ortransition of DCD to ON.6.3.2.3 The connection establishment delay of mobile originated calls shall be <8.5s (95%),≤10s (100%).6.3.2.4 Delays>10s shall be evaluated as connection establishment errors.6.3.2.5 The required connection establishment delay shall not depend on user data rate of theasynchronous bearer service.6.3.2.6 The required connection establishment delay is not valid for location dependentaddressing.6.3.3 Connection establishment error ratio6.3.3.1 The Connection establishment error ratio is defined as:Ratio of the number of unsuccessful connection establishment attempts to the totalnumber of connection establishment attempts.6.3.3.2 “Unsuccessful connection establishment attempt” covers all possible types ofconnection establishment errors caused by end-to-end bearer service.6.3.3.3 Connection establishment delays >10s shall be evaluated as connection establishmenterrors.6.3.3.4 The GSM-R networks should be designed in such a way, that at least two consecutiveconnection establishment attempts will be possible (pre-condition on GSM-Rnetworks), e.g. regarding GSM-R radio coverage related to maximal possible trainspeed.6.3.3.5 If the operational QoS targets of [EEIG 04E117] are wanted, then the ETCSinfrastructure should be designed in such a way, that at least two consecutiveconnection establishment attempts will be possible (Recommended pre-condition forETCS infrastructure).6.3.3.6 The connection establishment error ratio of mobile originated calls shall be <10-2 foreach attempt .6.3.3.7 Note: entry into Level 2 is of particular importance; commonly, a time of 40s may berequired in the case the GSM-R mobile station is already registered with the GSM-Rnetwork (see [ERQoS]).6.3.4 Transfer delay6.3.4.1 The end-to-end transfer delay of a user data block is defined as:Value of elapsed time between the request for transfer of a user data block and theindication of successfully transferred end-to-end user data block6.3.4.2 The delay is defined between the delivery of the first bit of the user data block at theservice access point of transmitting side and the receiving of the last bit of the sameuser data block at the service access point of the receiving side.6.3.4.3 The end-to-end transfer delay of a user data block of 30 bytes shall be ≤0.5s (99%).6.3.5 Connection loss rate6.3.5.1 The Connection loss rate is defined as:Number of connections released unintentionally per accumulated connection time.6.3.5.2 The requirements for connection loss rate varies depending on ETCS system variablessuch as T_NVCONTACT and the possible train reactions after connection loss (seesection 10.5).6.3.5.3 If the operational QoS-targets of [EEIG 04E117] are wanted, then the ETCSinfrastructure should be designed in such a way, that at least the following conditionsare fulfilled (Recommended pre-condition for ETCS infrastructure):• T_NVCONTACT ≥ 41s and• M_NVCONTACT different to train trip and• a new MA reach the OBU before standstill.6.3.5.4 If the connection establishment error ratio is <10-2, then the connection loss rate shallbe <10-2/h.6.3.6 Transmission interference6.3.6.1 A transmission interference period T TI is the period during the data transmission phaseof an existing connection in which, caused by the bearer service, no error-freetransmission of user data units of 30 bytes is possible.6.3.6.2 A transmission interference happens, if the received data units of 30 bytes deviatepartially or completely from the associated transmitted data units.6.3.6.3 The transmission interference period shall be < 0.8s (95%), <1s (99%).6.3.6.4 An error-free period T Rec shall follow every transmission interference period to re-transmit user data units in error (e.g. wrong or lost) and user data units waiting to beserved.6.3.6.5 The error-free period shall be >20s (95%), >7s(99%).6.3.7 GSM-R network registration delay6.3.7.1 The GSM-R network registration delay is defined as:Value of elapsed time from the request for registration to indication of successfulregistration by +CREG response.6.3.7.2 The GSM-R network registration delay shall be ≤30s (95%), ≤35s (99%).6.3.7.3 GSM-R network registration delays > 40 s are evaluated as registration errors.6.4 Summary of QoS requirements6.4.1.1 Table 2 contains the summary of QoS requirements at GSM-R interface.QoS Parameter Value (see 6.3) Connection establishment delay of mobile< 8.5s (95%), ≤10s (100%) originated callsConnection establishment error ratio <10-2≤ 0.5s (99%)Maximum end-to-end transfer delay (of 30 bytedata block)Connection loss rate ≤ 10-2 /hTransmission interference period < 0.8s (95%), <1s (99%)Error-free period >20s (95%), >7s(99%)Network registration delay ≤30s (95%), ≤35s (99%), ≤40s (100%)Table 2 Summary of QoS requirements7. R EQUIREMENTS TO FIXED NETWORK INTERFACE7.1 Foreword7.1.1.1 This part of the specification does not define mandatory requirements forinteroperability. It is a preferred solution, in case interchangeability between tracksideRBC and access point to the fixed network is required for a given implementation.7.1.1.2 This section gives only limited information. [EuroRadio FFFIS] must be used for fullcompliance.7.1.1.3 Note: The requirements to fixed network interface refer to a set of ETSI specifications[ETS 300011, ETS 300125, ETS 300102-1]. This set is the basis of conformancerequirements for network terminations. Instead of these specifications updatedspecifications can be referred, if they state that they are compatible with the followingrequirements.7.2 Interfacedefinition7.2.1.1 The ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI) shall be provided as specified by [ETS300011].7.2.1.2 The service access point on the fixed network side corresponds with the S2M interfaceat the T-reference point.7.2.1.3 The Basic Rate interface might also be used as an option in some particular cases likeradio infill unit.7.2.1.4 In addition to these interfaces, the V.110 rate adaptation scheme shall be applied tothe user data channel. The RA2, RA1 and RA0 steps are mandatory.7.2.1.5 End-to-end flow control in layer 1 shall not be used.7.3 Communication signalling procedures7.3.1.1 The signalling protocols shall be provided as specified by:a) Link Access Procedure on the D channel [ETS 300125]b) User-network interface layer 3 using Digital Subscriber Signalling [ETS 300102-1]7.3.1.2 ISDN multi-level precedence and pre-emption (MLPP) supplementary service shall beprovided according to the EIRENE specification [EIRENE SRS].7.3.1.3 The SETUP message contains Information Elements including the bearer capabilityand the low layer compatibility (refer to [EuroRadio FFFIS] specifying the Euroradiodata bearer service requirements.8. R EQUIREMENTS TO MOBILE NETWORK INTERFACE8.1 Foreword8.1.1.1 This part of the specification does not define mandatory requirements forinteroperability. It is a preferred solution, in case interchangeability between OBU andMobile Terminal is required for a given implementation.8.1.1.2 This section gives only limited information. [EuroRadio FFFIS] must be used for fullcompliance.definition8.2 Interface8.2.1.1 If an MT2 interface is used at the mobile side, the service access point at the mobilestation corresponds with the R-reference point of the MT2.8.2.1.2 [GSM 07.07] specifies a profile of AT commands and recommends that this profile beused for controlling Mobile Equipment functions and GSM network services through aTerminal Adapter.8.2.1.3 For the mobile termination type MT2 the signalling over the V interface has to be inaccordance with [GSM 07.07], using the V.25ter command set.8.2.1.4 The online command state shall not be used to guarantee interoperability. To avoiddifferent behaviour, it is recommended to enable/disable this escape sequence usingthe appropriate AT command usually referred as ATS2=<manufacturer defined value>.This particular command shall be sent to the mobile terminal as part of its initialisationstring.8.2.1.5 State control using physical circuits is mandatory.8.2.1.6 The V-interface shall conform to recommendation ITU-T V.24. The signals required arespecified in [EuroRadio FFFIS].8.2.1.7 Note that in the case of class 1 mobile originated calls, it is allowed to set the priorityvalue “command control (safety)” at subscription time.8.2.1.8 The call control commands, interface control commands and responses used on the V-interface at the R reference point are specified in [EuroRadio FFFIS].9. A NNEX A(I NFORMATIVE) TRANSMISSION INTERFERENCEAND RECOVERY9.1 General9.1.1.1 The usual QoS parameter used as measure of accuracy of data transmission viatransparent B/B m channels is the bit error rate.9.1.1.2 The QoS parameter relevant for layer 2 accuracy is the HDLC frame error rate.9.1.1.3 It is not possible to define relationships between both rates. The channel behaviour isnot known: error bursts and interruptions of data transmission during radio cellhandover can happen.9.1.1.4 Additionally, statistical distributions of values such as error rates do not accurately mapthe requirements from the ETCS point of view. Transfer of user data is requested inbursts; the transfer delay can be critical for the application. It has to be guaranteed forsome application messages that data can be transferred to the train in a defined timeinterval.9.1.1.5 A model of service behaviour is necessary reflecting all relevant features of GSM-Rnetworks.9.1.1.6 This model can be used as a normative reference for acceptance tests and for networkmaintenance during ETCS operation. It enables the ETCS supplier to demonstrate thecorrect operation of ETCS constituents during conformance testing without thevariations of real world GSM-R networks.9.1.1.7 Transmission interference and recovery is a first approximation of such a servicebehaviour model.9.2 Transmission interference in relation to HDLC9.2.1.1 Transmission interference is characterised by a period in the received data streamduring which the received data units deviate partially or completely from those of thetransmitted data stream. The service user cannot see the causes of transmissioninterference.9.2.1.2 The user data units erroneously transmitted or omitted during the transmissioninterference must be corrected by re-transmission. These re-transmissions result in atime delay and in higher load in the B/B m channel. Therefore, after transmissioninterference a period of error-free transmission, called the recovery period, must follow.9.2.1.3 In the normal data transfer phase after recovery, user data units are transmitted toprovide the data throughput requested by application messages.9.2.1.4 Figure 1 shows a simplified relationship of B/B m channel and HDLC errors: because ofthe selected options for the HDLC protocol (e.g. multi selective reject) the recoveryperiod and the normal data transfer phase are not strictly separated.error-free frameHDLC statecorrupted frameerror-freeChannel stateerroneousFigure 1 B/B m channel and HDLC errors9.2.1.5 Some special cases exist in Figure 1:A Beginning of HDLC frame (corrupted by transmission) is earlier than beginning oftransmission interferenceB Error-free time is not sufficient for transfer of HDLC frameC No HDLC frame is ready for transferD End of corrupted HDLC frame is later than end of transmission interference9.2.1.6 Figure 2 shows as an example the HDLC behaviour in case of transmissioninterference.Figure 2 Event "Transmission interference"9.2.1.7 The sender does not receive an acknowledgement in the case of a corrupted last Iframe of a sequence of I frames. The timer T1 expires and a RR (poll bit set) frame willbe sent.9.2.1.8 After receiving an RR frame with an indication of successful transmission of thepreceding I frame, the lost I frame will be re-transmitted.9.2.1.9 Again the sender does not receive an acknowledgement and requests for thesequence number. Eventually, the transmission is successful but the delivery of userdata will be delayed towards the receiver.9.2.1.10 The occurrence of the above defined event represents a QoS event “Transmissioninterference” at the sender side. The beginning and the end of the transmissioninterference are not exactly known. But the second repetition clearly indicates an event“Transmission interference”:a) The transmission interference time was too long orb) The recovery time was too short.。

移动通讯词汇英汉对照C

移动通讯词汇英汉对照C

移动通讯词汇英汉对照C参考边带功率 reference side band power参考差错率 reference error ratio参考当量 reference equivalent参考点 reference point参考结构 reference configuration参考可用场强 reference usable fiend-strength参考灵敏度 reference sensibility参考频率 reference frequency参考时钟 reference clock参考输出功率 reference output power残余边带调制 vestigial sideband modulation残余边带发射 vestigial-sideband emission操作维护中心 operation maintenance center （OMC）操作系统 operation system （OS）侧音消耗 sidetone loss层2转发 layer 2 relay （L2R）插入组装 through hole pachnology插入损耗 insertion loss查号台 information desk差错控制编码 error control coding差错漏检率 residual error rate差分脉冲编码调制（差分脉码调制） differential pulse code modulation （DPCM）差分四相相移键控 differential quadrature phase keying （DQPSK）差分相移键控 differential phase keying （DPSK）差模电压，平衡电压 differential mode voltage， symmetrical voltage差拍干扰 beat jamming差频失真 difference frequency distortion长期抖动指示器 long-term flicker indicator长期频率稳定度 long-term frequency stability场强灵敏度 field intensity sensibility场效应晶体管 field effect transistor （FET）超长波通信 myriametric wave communication超地平对流层传播 transhorizon tropospheric超地平无线接力系统 transhorizon radio-relay system超高帧 hyperframe超帧 superframe超大规模集成电路 very-large scale integrated circuit （VLSI）超再生接收机 super-regenerator receiver车载电台 vehicle station撤消 withdrawal成对不等性码（交替码、交变码）paired-disparity code （alternative code，alternating code）承载业务 bearer service城市交通管制系统 urban traffic control system程序设计技术 programming technique程序设计环境 programming environment程序优化 program optimization程序指令 program command充电 charge充电率 charge rate充电效率 charge efficiency充电终止电压 end-of charge voltage抽样 sampling抽样率 sample rate初级分布线路 primary distribution link初始化 initialization处理增益 processing gain传播时延 propagation delay传播系数 propagation coefficient传导干扰 conducted interference传导杂散发射 conducted spurious emission传递函数 transfer function传递时间 transfer time传声器 microphone传输保密 transmission security传输层协议 transport layer protocol传输集群 transmission trunking传输结束字符 end of transmission character传输媒体 transmission medium传输损耗 transmission loss传输损耗（无线线路的） transmission loss （of a radio link）传输通道 transmission path传输信道 transmission channel传真 facsimile， FAX船舶地球站 ship earth station船舶电台 ship station船舶移动业务 ship movement service船上通信电台 on-board communication station ，ship communication station 船用收音机 ship radio串并变换机 serial to parallel （deserializer）串并行变换 serial-parallel conversion串话 crosstalk垂直方向性图 vertical directivity pattern唇式传声器 lip microphone磁屏蔽 magnetic shielding次级分布线路 secondary distribution link猝发差错 burst error猝发点火控制 burst firing control存储程序控制交换机 stored program controlled switching system。

嵌入式系统专业术语中英文对照

嵌入式系统专业术语中英文对照

嵌入式系统专业术语中英文对照A:Actuator执行器A:Amplifier放大器A:Attendance员工考勤A:Attenuation衰减AA:Antenna amplifier开线放大器AA:Architectural Acoustics建筑声学AC:Analogue Controller模拟控制器ACD:Automatic Call Distribution自动分配话务ACS:Access Control System出入控制系统AD:Addressable Detector地址探测器ADM:Add/Drop Multiplexer分插复用器ADPCM:Adaptive Differential ulse Code Modulation自适应差分脉冲编码调制AF:Acoustic Feedback声反馈AFR:Amplitude/Frequency Response幅频响应AGC:Automati Gain Control自动增益控制AHU:Air Handling Unit空气处理机组A-I:Auto-iris自动光圈AIS:Alarm Indication Signal告警指示信号AITS:Acknowledged Information Transfer Service确认操作ALC:Automati Level Control自动平衡控制ALS:Alarm Seconds告警秒ALU:Analogue Lines Unit模拟用户线单元AM:Administration Module管理模块AN:Access Network接入网ANSI:American National Standards Institute美国国家标准学会APS:Automatic Protection Switching自动保护倒换ASC:Automati Slope Control自动斜率控制ATH:Analogue Trunk Unit模拟中继单元ATM：Asynchrous Transfer Mode异步传送方式AU- PPJE:AU Pointer Positive Justification管理单元正指针调整AU:Administration Unit管理单元AU-AIS:Administrative Unit Alarm Indication SignalAU告警指示信号AUG:Administration Unit Group管理单元组AU-LOP:Loss of Administrative Unit Pointer AU指针丢失AU-NPJE:AU Pointer Negative Justification管理单元负指针调整AUP:Administration Unit Pointer管理单元指针AVCD:Auchio&Video Control Device音像控制装置AWG:American Wire Gauge美国线缆规格BA:Bridge Amplifier桥接放大器BAC:Building Automation& Control net建筑物自动化和控制网络BAM:Background Administration Module后管理模块BBER:Background Block Error Ratio背景块误码比BCC:B-channel Connect ControlB通路连接控制BD:Building DistributorBEF:Buiding Entrance Facilities建筑物入口设施BFOC:Bayonet Fibre Optic Connector大口式光纤连接器BGN:Background Noise背景噪声BGS: Background Sound背景音响BIP-N:Bit Interleaved Parity N code比特间插奇偶校验N位码B-ISDN:Brand band ISDN宽带综合业务数字网B-ISDN:Broad band-Integrated Services Digital Network宽带综合业务数字网BMC:Burst Mode Controller突发模式控制器BMS:Building Management System智能建筑管理系统BRI:Basic Rate ISDN基本速率的综合业务数字网BS:Base Station基站BSC:Base Station Controller基站控制器BUL：Back up lighting备用照明C/S: Client/Server客户机/服务器C:Combines混合器C:Container容器CA:Call Accounting电话自动计费系统CATV:Cable Television有线电视CC:Call Control呼叫控制CC:Coax cable同轴电缆CCD:Charge coupled devices电荷耦合器件CCF:Cluster Contril Function簇控制功能CD:Campus Distributor建筑群配线架CD:Combination detector感温，感烟复合探测器CDCA:Continuous Dynamic Channel Assign连续的动态信道分配CDDI:Copper Distributed Data合同缆分布式数据接口CDES:Carbon dioxide extinguisbing system二氧化碳系统CDMA:Code Division Multiplex Access码分多址CF:Core Function核心功能CFM:Compounded Frequency Modulation压扩调频繁CIS:Call Information System呼叫信息系统CISPR:Internation Special Conmittee On Radio Interference国际无线电干扰专门委员会CLNP:Connectionless Network Protocol无连接模式网络层协议CLP:Cell Loss Priority信元丢失优先权CM:Communication Module通信模块CM:Configuration Management配置管理CM:Cross-connect Matrix交叉连接矩阵CMI:Coded Mark Inversion传号反转码CMISE:Common Management Information Service公用管理信息协议服务单元CPE:Convergence protocol entity会聚协议实体CR/E:card reader/Encoder(Ticket reader)卡读写器/编码器CRC:Cyclic Redundancy Check循环冗佘校验CRT:Cathode Ray Tabe显示器，监视器，阴极射线管CS: Convergence service会聚服务CS:Cableron Spectrum旧纳档块化技术CS:Ceiling Screen挡烟垂壁CS:Convergence Sublayer合聚子层CSC:Combined Speaker Cabinet组合音响CSCW:Computer supported collaborative work计算机支持的协同工作CSES:Continuius Severely Errored Second连续严重误码秒CSF:Cell Site Function单基站功能控制CTB:Composite Triple Beat复合三价差拍CTD：Cable Thermal Detector缆式线型感温探测器CTNR:carrier to noise ratio载波比CW:Control Word控制字D:Directional指向性D:Distortion失真度D:Distributive分布式DA:Distribution Amplifier分配的大器DBA:Database Administrator数据库管理者DBCSN:Database Control System Nucleus数据库控制系统核心DBOS:Database Organizing System数据库组织系统DBSS:Database Security System数据库安全系统DC:Door Contacts大门传感器DCC:Digital Communication Channel数字通信通路DCN:Data Communication Network数据通信网DCP-I:Distributed Control Panel-Intelligent智能型分散控制器DCS:Distributed Control System集散型控制系统DDN:Digital Data Network数字数据网DDS:Direct Dignital Controller直接数字控制器DDW:Data Describing Word数据描述字DECT:Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication增强数字无绳通讯DFB:Distributed Feedback分布反馈DID:Direct Inward Dialing直接中继方式，呼入直拨到分机用户DL:Data Link Control Layer数据链路层DLI:DECT Line InterfaceDODI:Direct Outward Dialing One一次拨号音DPH:DECT PhoneDRC:Directional Response Cahracteristics指向性响应DS:Direct Sound直正声DSP:Digital signal Processing数字信号处理DSS：Deiision Support System决策支持系统DTMF:Dual Tone Multi-Frequency双音多频DTS:Dual -Technology Sensor双鉴传感器DWDM:Dense Wave-length Division Multiplexing密集波分复用DXC:Digital Cross-Connect数字交叉连接FL:Focal Length焦距FL:Fuzzy Logic模糊逻辑FM:Faiilt Management失效管理FPA:Fire Public Address火灾事故广播FPD:Fire Public Derice消防设施FR:Frequency Response频响FRD:Fire Resis tamt Damper防火阀FRS:fire resistant shutter防火卷帘FSK:Frequency Shift Keying移频键控FSU:Fixed Subscriber Unit单用户固定台FTHD:Fixed temperatute Heat Detector定温控测器FTP:Foil Tnisted Pair金属箔双绞电缆FTTB:Fiber To The Building光纤到大楼FTTC:Fiber To The Curb光纤到路边FTTH:Fiber To The Home光纤到家庭FW:fire Wall防火墙FWHM:Full Width Half Maximum脉冲的半高宽度I:Interference串扰TOPIA:Intruder Alarm防盗报警ICMP:Internet Control Message Protocol控制信息协议IDC:Insucation Displacement Connection绝缘层信移连接件IDS:Industrial Distribution System工业布线系统IFC:Intelligent Fire Controller照明智能控制器ILD:Inject Light Diode注入式激光二极管IM:Impedance Matching阻抗匹配IMA:Interactive Multimedia Association交互式多媒体协议IM-DM:Intensity Modulation-Direction Modulation直接强度调制IN:Information Network信息网IO：Information Outlet信息插座IOS:Intelligent Out Station智能外围站IPEI:International Portable国际移动设备标识号IPTU:Indoor Pan&Tilt Unit室内水平俯仰云台IPUI:International Portable User Identity国际移动用户标识号ISD:Ionization Smoke Detector离子感烟探测器IT:Information Technology信息技术ITU:International Telecommunications Union国际电信联盟ITU-T:原名CCITT，是国际电信联盟的一个委员会III:Interactive Tevevision交互式电视JJJ-Discussion conference system即席发言系统L:Lens摄像机镜头TOP LAN:Local Area Network局域网LAPB：Link Access Procedure-Balanced链路接入规程----平衡LAPD:Link Access Procedure D-channel D信道链路访问协议LCD:Liquid Crystal Display液晶显示屏LCL:Longituchinal Conrorsion Loss纵模变换损耗LCN:Local Communication Network本地通信网LCS:Lower order Connection Supervision低阶连接监视LD:Laser Diode激发二极管LE:Local Exchange本地交换网LED:Light Emittirng Diode发光二极管LIU：Lightguide Interconnection Unit光纤互连装置LLC:Logic Link Control Layer逻辑链路控制层LLME:Low Layer Management Entity低层管理实体LM:Lerel Modulation电平调节LNA:Low Noise Amplifier低噪音放大器LOF:Loss Of Frame帧丢失LOI:Low Order Interface低阶接口LOP:Loss Of Pointer指针丢失LOS:Loss Of Signal信号丢失LO-TCM:Low Order Tandem Connection Monitor低阶通道串联连接监视器LOVC:Low Order Virtual Container低阶虚容器LPA:Lower order qath Adaptation低阶通道适配LPC:Lower order Path Connection低阶通道连接LPOM:Low-order Path Overhead Monitor低阶通道开销监视器LPP:Low-order Path Protection低阶通道保护LPT:Lower order Path Termination低阶通道终端LSBCM:Laser Base Current Monitor激光器偏流监视LSUT:Low -order path Supervision Unequipped低阶通道监控未装载终端LTC:Londline Trunk Coutroller有线线路分配器LU:Line Unit线路单元MAC:Medium Access Control Layer介质访问控制层TOP MBMC:Multiple Burst Mode Controller多突发模式控制器MCF:Message Communication Function消息通信功能MD:Mediation Device中介设备MFPB:Multi-Frequency Press Button多频按键MIB:Management Information Base管理信息库MIC：Mediu Interface Connector介质接口连接器MIO:Multiuser Information Outlet多用户信息插座MLM：Multi-Longitudinal Mode多纵模MM:Mobile Management移动管理MMDS:Maltichanned Microware Distribution System多路微波分配系统MMO:Multionedia Outlet多媒体插座MN-NES:MN-Network Element System网元管理系统MN-RMS:MN-Region Management System网络管理系统MO:Managed Object管理目标MSA:Multiplex Section Adaptation复用段适配MS-AIS:Mutiplex Section-Alarm Indication Signal复用段告警指示信号MSOH:Multiplex Section Overhead复用段开销MSP:Multiplex Section Protection复用段保护MS-RDI:Multiplex Section-Remote Defect Indication复用段远端缺陷指示MST:Multiplex Section Termination复用段终端MSU:Multi-Subscriber Unit多用户单元MTIE:Maximum Time Interval Error最大时间间隔误差MMM:Multiplexer灵活复接器NNN:New DataFlag新数据标识NDFA:Niobium-Doped Fiber Amplifier掺铌光纤放大器NE:Network Element网元NEXT：Near End Crosstalk近端串扰NMS:Network Management System网络管理系统NNE:Non-SDH Network Element非SDH网元NNI:Network Node Interface网络节点接口NPI:Null Pointer Indication无效指针指示NWK:Network Layer网络层NZ-DSF:Non Zero-Dispersion Shift Fiber非零散位移光纤OAM&P:Operation Administration,Maintenance and Provisioning运行、管理、维护和预置OAM:Operation,Administration and Maintenance操作、管理和维护OBFD：Optical Beam Flame Detector线型光速火焰探测器OC-N:Optical carrier level-N光载波级NOCR:Optical Character Recogmition光学字符识别OEIC:Optoelectronic Integrated Circuit光电集成电路OFA:Optical Fiber Amplifier光纤放大器OHP:Overhead Processing开销处理OLT:Optical Line Terminal光纤线路终端ON:Orerall Noise总噪声ONU:Optical Network Unit光纤网络单元OOF:Out Of Frame帧失步OOP:Object Oriental Programming面向对象程序设计OS:Operating System操作系统OSC:Oscillator振荡器OSI:Open Systems Interconnection开放系统互连OTDK：Optical Time Doman Reflectometer光时域反射线OTDM:Optical Time Division Multiplexing光时分复用PA:Power Amphfier功率放大器TOP PA:Power Amplifier功率放大器PABX:Private Auntomatic Branch Exchange程控数字自动交换机Paging :无线呼叫系统PAL:Pinhole Alc Lons针孔型自动亮度控制镜头PARK:Portable Access Rights Key移动用户接入权限识别码PAS:Public Address System公共广播音响系统PBX:Private Brancn exchange程控用户交换机PC:Pan unit&control云台及云台控制器PC:Proximinty Card接近卡PCM:Pulse Code Modulation脉冲编码调制PCS:Personal Communication Service个人通讯服务PDFA:Praseodymium-Doped Fiber Amplifier掺镨光纤放大器PDH:Plesiochronous digital Hierarchy准同步数字系列PDN:Public data network公用数据网PDS:Premises Distribution Systemn建筑物结构化综合布线系统PF:Pressurization Fan加压风机PG:Pressure Gradient压差式PID:Passire Infrared Detector被动式红外传感器PJE:Pointer Justification Event指针调整事件PLC:Programmerable Logic Controller可编程控制器PM:Power Matching功率匹配PMS:Prooerty Management system资源管理系统PO:Pressure Operated压强式POH:Path Overhead通道开销PPI:PDH Physical InterfacePDH物理接口Preamplification:前置放大PRI:Primany Rate Interface基群速率接口PRM:Patter Recogniton Method模式识别法PSC:Protection Switching Count保护倒换计数PSD:Photoelectric Smoke Detector光电感烟探测器PSD:Protection Switching Duration保护倒换持续时间PSK:Phase Shift Keying移相键控PSNT：Ponver Sum Next综合近端串扰PSPDN:Packet switched Public Data Network公众分组交换网PSTN:Public Switch Telephone Network公用交换电话网PU:Pick Up拾音器PVC:Polyvingl chloride聚氯乙烯PVCS:Public video conferring system公用型会议电视系统PWS:Power system电源系统ITU-T:International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Sector国际电信联盟-电信标准部R:Receiver终端解码器TOP R:Reverberator混响器RC:Radio Communication移动通信RC:Room's Coefficient房间系数RCU:Remote Control Units终端控制器RDI:Remote Defect Indication远端失效指示REG:Regenerator再生器Resolution:清晰度RF:Radio Frequency射频RHE:Romote Head End远地前端RMC:Repeater Management Controller天线信道控制器RMS:Root Mean Square均方根值RMU:Redundancy Memory Unit冗佘存贮器RORTD:Rate Of Rise Thermal Detector差温探测器RR:Reverberation Radius混响半径RS:Reflected sound反射场RSOH:Regenerator Section Ouerhead再生段开销RSSI:Radio Signal Strength IndicatorRST:Regenerator Section Termination再生段终端RSU:Remote Subscriber Unit远端用户单元RT:Real Time实时RT:Reverberation Time混响时间RWS:Remote Workstation远端工作站S:Sprinkler分配器TOP S:Stereo 双声道S:Strike 电子门锁SAA:Sound Absorption Ability吸声能力SAR:Segmetation and reassembly sublayer拆装子层SATV:Sate Llite卫星电视SBS:Synchronous Backbone System同步信息骨干系统SBSMN:SBS SBS Management Network系列传输设备网管系统SC:Smart Card智能卡SC:Subscriber Connector(Optial Fiber Connector)用户连接器（光纤连接器）SC:Supervisong Center中央站监控中心管理中心SCADA:监控和数据采集软件SCB:System Control Board系统控制板SCC:System Control&Communication系统通信控制SC-D:Saplex sc commector双ISC连接器SCD:Sound Console Desk调度台SCPC:Single Chnanel Per Carrier卫星回程线路SCS:Stractured Cabling System结构化布线系统SD:Signal Degraded信号劣化SD:Smoke damper排烟阀SD:Smoke Detector感烟探测器SD:System Distortion系统失真SDCA:Synchronization DCA同步数据通讯适配器SDMA:Spaee Division Multiplex Access容分SDXC:Synchronous Digital Cross Connect同少数字交叉连接SE:Sound Energy声能SEC:SDH Equipment Clock SDH设备时钟SED:Sound Energy Density声能密度SEEF:Smoke Extractor Exhaust Fan排烟风机SEMF:Synchronous Equipment Management Function同步设备管理功能SES:Severely Errored Second严重误码秒SESR:Severely Errlred Second Ratio严重误码秒比率SETPI:Synchronous Equipment Timing Physical Interface同步设备定时物理接口SETS:Synchronous Equipment Timing Source同步设备定时源SF:Spur Feeder分支线SF:Subscribers Feeder用户线SFN:Sound Field Nonunifornity声场不均匀度SFP:Sound Field Processor声场处进器SI:Sound Installation音响设备SI:Sound Insulation隔音SICS:Simultaneous Interpretation Conference system同声传译系统SIPP:Service Interface and protocol processing unit业务接口和协议处理单元SLC:Sate llite Commumication卫星通信SLI:Synchronous Line Optical Interface同步线路光口板SLIC:Subscriber Line Interface Controller用户线接口控制器SLM:Signal Label Mismatch信号标记失配SM:Synchronous Multiplexer同步复用器SMF:System management function系统管理功能SMS:SDH Management Sub-Network SDH管理子网SNA:System Network Architecture系统网络建筑SNI:Service Node Interface业务节点接口SNK:Sighal To Noise Ratio信噪比SOA:Semiconductor Optical Amplifier半导体光放大器SOH:Section Overhead段开销SONET:Synchronous Optical Network同步光网络SPF:Service Port Function业务口功能SPI:SDH Physical InterfaceSDH物理接口SPL:Sound Pressure Level声压级SRL:Stractural Return Loss结构器波损耗SS:Shock sensors震动传感器SS:Sound Source音源SS:Sprinkler System自动喷水灭火系统SSB:Single Side Band单边带调制SSM:Synchronous Status Message同步状态信息SSU:Scan and Signal Unit扫描及信号单元ST:Straight Tip直通式光纤连接器ST:Subscribers Tap用户分支器STB:Set -Top-Box机项盒STC:Short-Term Card计时票STE:Signaling Transfer Equipment信令转换设备STG:Synchronous Timing Generator同步定时发生器STI:Surface fransfer Inpedane表面传输阻扰STI:Surface Tranfer Inpedance表面传输阻抗STM-N:Synchronous Transport Module level-N同步传送模块等级N SU:Subscriber Unit 用户单元SV:Smoke Vent排烟器SVCS:Sound Veinforcement System扩声系统T:Teletext可视图文TOP T:Terminal终端机TA:Trunk Amplifier干线放大器TC:Telecommunication Closet通信插座TC:Transient Characteristic瞬间特性TCI:Trunk cabling interface星形连接TCP/P:Transmission Control Protocol Inter-network Protocol传输控制协议/网间协议TCS:Tele Communication System通信系统TCS:Telecommunication System通讯系统TD:Ticket Dispemser发卡机TDD:Time Division Dual时分双工TDEV:Time Deviation时间偏差TDM:Time Division Multiplexing时分复用TDMA:Time Division Multiple Address时分多址TDS:Time division switching时分交换结构TELEX:用户电报电传TEP:时间/事件软件TF:Transfer Function传送功能TFCC:Transmission frequenay Characteristic传输频率特性TGNP:The Greatest Noise Power最大噪声功率TIM:Trace Identifier Mismatch追踪识别符失配TM:Termination Multiplexer终端复用器TMN:Telecommunication Management Network电信管理网TMN:Telecommunication Management Network电信管理网TNL:Total Noise Level总噪声级TO:Telecommunications Outlet通信插座TP：Tunst Pair对绞线TR:Token Ring令牌网TSI:Timeslot Interxhange时隙交换TSU:Time Switching Unit时隙交换单元TTF:Transport Terminal function传送终端功能TTS:Tri Technology Sensor三鉴传感器TU:Tributary Unit支路单元TUG:Tributary Unit Group支路单元组TU-LOM:TU-Loss Of Multi-frame支路单元复帧丢失TUP:Tributary Unit Pointer支路单元指针TUPP:Tributary Unit Payload Process支路净荷处理UAT:Ultra Aperture Terminal超小口径卫星地面接收站UL：Underwriters Laboratory担保实验室UU:Unidirectional Microphines单指向性传声器VV:Vacant auditoria空场VCI:Virtual chammel identifier虚信道标识VCS:vIdeo conferphone system会议电视系统VI:Video interphone可视对讲门铃Video switchers图象切换控制器Videotext:可视图文VOD:Video on demand视频点播VSAT:Very Small Aperture Terminal甚小口径天线地球站。

武汉理工信息工程学院复试专业英语翻译

武汉理工信息工程学院复试专业英语翻译

Circuit SwitchingIn a circuit-switched network , a dedicated communications path is established between two station through the code of the network. That path is a connected sequence of physical links between nodes.On each link，a logical channel is dedicated to the connection。

Data generated by the source station are transmitted along the dedicated path as rapidly as possible. At each node, incoming data are routed or switched to the appropriate outgoing channel without delay.The most common example of circuit switching is the telephone network.Packet SwitchingA quite different approach is used in a packet-switched network.In this case,it is not necessary to dedicate transmission capacity along a path through the network. Rather ,data are sent out in a sequence of small chunks called packets. Each packet is passed through the network from node to node along some path leading from source to destination. At each node ,the entire packet is received,stored briefly,and then transmitted to the next node.Packet-switched network are commonly used for terminal-to-computer and computer-to-computer communications.Frame RelayFrame relay was developed to take advantage of these high data rates and low error rates. Whereas the original packet-switching networks were designed with a data rate to the end user of about 64 kbps,frame relay networks are designed to operate efficiently at user data rates of up to 2 Mbps.The key to achieving these high data rates is to strip out most of the overhead involved with error control.电路开关在电路交换网络中,一个专用的通信路径是通过网络的代码建立在两个站之间。

通信英语单词词组

通信英语单词词组

通信英语词汇词组principle原理sample采样/样值scheme方案,设计,安排quantiz量化,分层code编码/码describe叙述,描述description叙述,描述amplitude幅,幅度binary二进制的minimum最小值,最小量maximum最大值theoretical理论上的repetition重复,反复reexamination再审查,重考reduce减少,缩小interchange互换,转换,相互影响method方式,方法,手段overcome克服,打败,征服environment环境,周围情况lightning电光,闪电,雷电strike击,敲,打spark发火花,打火,闪signal-to-noiseratio信噪比satellite卫星terrestrial地球的,地面的,大地的parameter参数,系数attenuation衰减,衰耗inherent固有的,内在的assume假设,假定interleave交插,交错,插接appropriate适当的,合适的unique惟一的,独特的reoccur再发生,再次发生asynchronous异步的serial 串行的,串联的ransmission传输,发送interface接口receive接收,收到synchronize使)同步,(使)同时或同速进行period周期,循环,时期,阶段,时间间隔,时间clock时钟transmitter发送器,发射机receiver接收器,接收机necessary必要的,必需的,必须做的link连接,耦合,线路,链路teleprinter电传打字机telephone电话signal信号native当地的,天生的fundamental基本的,根本的,(十分)重要的split分开,劈开,分割,分离incoming进来的,入射的,输入的stream流,束,潮流,倾向individual分别的,各个的,单独的,个体的,独立的unit单元,元件,成分,装置,设备,组(合),机组,块体group组合,分组,群聚,聚集character字母,字符,符号,字,电码组合,角色,人物dot圆点,小数点dash破折号,长划线,猛冲,冲锋separate(使)分离,(使)分隔,隔开,区分,分类intersymbol码间的,符号间的intercharacter字符间的duration持续时间,延续时间examine检查,审查,实验,研究,探讨,测验,考试divide分开,分配,分割,划分,等分ingenious精巧的,精致的format格式,形式orient定向,定(方)位,标定,(使)适应,朝向invariably不变地,总是,一定,永恒地comprise包含,包括,由……组成plus加上,加,外加;a.正的control控制frequently时常,频繁地correspond相当,对应,符合,一致correspondto相当于,与……相对应,与……相吻合encode编码initially最初,开头,一开始idle闲置的,空闲的traditionally传统地,惯例地marklevel信号电平logical逻辑的successive连续的,顺序进行的,逐次性的calculate计算continually屡次地,再三地,频频地,连续地monitor监视(器),监测(器)detect发觉,觉察;n.检测器,侦察器assemble集合,收集,装配,组装flag旗,标志,标志位critical决定性的,关键的,危险的,临界的aspect方面,方位,外貌,样子edge边,边缘,界限,边界trigger触发,起动,扣扳机,发射nominal标称的,额定的thereafter此后,其后situation位置,地点,场所,形势,情况,环境,局面obvious明显的,明白的,显而易见的disadvantage不利条件,不利方面,有害,缺点whenever无论何时,随时,每当terminal终端dump倾倒,翻卸,转储underground.地下的via 经过,通过keyboard键盘visual视觉的,光学的originate发生,开始assembly 组合,装配temporary暂时的,临时的temporarily 临时地compatible一致的(with),兼容的appropriate适当的synchronize使同步derive取得,得到,由……导出capacity容量,能力concern所关切的事,担心slot狭槽,缝隙simultaneous同时发生的,同时的attenuation减少,衰减ideal理想的ideally理想地impairment消弱,损伤compensate补偿,酬报anyway=anyhow不管怎样,无论如何redundant过多的,多余的,冗余的inherent内在的,固有的alleviate减轻,缓和reverse 颠倒的,相反的successive连续的whereas而,却,反之,(公文用语)有鉴于arbitrary任意的giant巨大的collection 收集,集成address地址backbone支柱,骨干,主干modem调制解调器dictate命令,支配satisfy使满意definite明确的,确切的,肯定的requirement需要,要求convenient方便的,便利的hypertext超文本interface接口,界面trigger发射,引起fiber 光纤,纤维hierarchy体系,分层结构synchronous同步的span跨过,延伸equivalent相同的,同等traffic交通,通信量,交易ample充足的,充分的,宽敞的evidence证据,证词means方法,手段,工具advantage优势,利益availability可用性,可得性,有效,在场assume假定,设想consequence结果,后果essential本质的,必不可少的complement补充,补足message同……通信联系,发信号传达sophisticated复杂的,尖端的instantaneous瞬间的,即刻的complex复杂的,综合的response回答,响应dedicated专用的assign分配,指派,委派utilization利用dynamically动态地,有生气地benefit利益,好处,恩惠simultaneously同时地,同时发生consecutive连续地,连贯地pipeline用管道输送procedure过程,步骤entity存在,实体subnet 子网header 信头bursty 突发性asynchronous异步的multiplex多路复用initial最初的,开始的universal宇宙的,普遍的,通用的packet小包,分组irrespective不考虑的,不顾的underlying在下的,基础的dual双的,二重的identification识别,鉴定,验明virtual虚的simplicity简单,简明protocol草案,协议cell小房间,信元,小区megabit兆比特recommendation推荐,建议ratify批准,认可forum论坛,讨论会expedite加快,促进specification规范,说明书approximation近似traditional传统的,惯例的equivalent相当的,等效的dynamical能动的,动态的rigidly坚硬的,僵硬的occupy占领,占用infrastructure基础,基础结构coordinate使同等,协调enthusiam热情,积极性impact冲击,效果,影响particular特殊的,特定的variable易变的,可变的essential本质的,必不可少的simplify简化,精简optimum最佳条件analogue模拟identifer 标识符protocol 协议multi-media 多媒体describe描述,形容mixture混合,混合物consequent作为结果的,随之发生的confusion混乱,混乱状态opportunity机会,良机literally逐字地,字面地environment环境,周围enormous巨大的,庞大的facility设备,工具majority多数monitor监视器mature成熟的represent描述,讲述compression压缩,浓缩immense广大的,巨大的photograph照片professional职业的,专业的definition定义,清晰度algorithm算法attempt尝试,试图upgrade升级,上升trunk干线server服务器instantly立刻,即刻estimate估计implement实现,完成subscriber用户,订户traffic通讯(量),业务,信息量,话务量architectural建筑上的,结构上的node节点link链路half-duplex半双工的full-duplex全双工的hierarchy分层,层次,等级制度topology拓扑学,拓扑结构trunk树干,干级,中继线synchronous同步的augment增大,扩大tandem串联的,级联的,汇接的,一前一后排列的adjacent邻近的external外部的attach相连saturation饱和decouple分离,分隔compensate补偿,酬报dynamic动态的,变化的unique惟一的,特性的uniquely惟一地trunk 中继线topology 拓扑internode接点间的integrate使结合,使并入consequently因而,所以architecture结构,组织dictate口述,命令,支配global全球的,世界的issue问题,争论点enormous巨大的,庞大的gradual逐渐的,逐步的,顺序变化的degradation能量)衰变,减低,畸变significant重要的,值得注意的substantial多的,大量的eliminate排除,消灭flexibility灵活性bandwidth带宽inherent内在的,固有的analogue模拟,类似物equipment设备,器材pulse脉冲modulation调制,调节initially最初,开始access接近,通路,存取available可用的,可得到的facsimile传真emphasis强调,重点facility设备,工具installation安装,设置capability能力,容量transition过渡,转变convincing有说服力的,令人信服的rapid快速的,迅速的resolve解决,解答,消除virtually实际上,事实上specialization专门化,专用性telex电报,电传电报plain简单的,平凡的ubiquitous普遍存在的,无处不在的conversation谈话,交谈domain域,领域,范围packet包,分组protocol协议,议定书coaxial共轴的community共同体,社团private私人的,个人的token标记,记号,令牌applicable可适用的,能用的problematic有问题的,有疑问的,未决的、existence存在phase相位,阶段,时期,步骤resource资源albeit虽然,即使universal普遍的,广泛的,通用的medium媒介,传输介质integration综合algorithm算法adaptive适应的,自适应的differential有差别的,区别的,差动的,微分的adaptation适应,适配scene场景,场面unrealistic不切实际的emerge出现,显露conclude结论,断定compression压缩imply意味着optimal最佳的signal 信号telex 用户电报antenna天线coaxial同轴的jitter抖动buffer缓冲器keyboard 键盘host主机command命令laser 激光器dispersion 色散bandwidth 带宽manufacturer 制造商sensitivity 灵敏度pointer 指针customer 顾客amplifier 放大器client/Server客户机/服务器container 容器directional 指向性distortion 失真度distributive 分布式filter 滤波器frequency 频率gateway 网关interference 接口layering 分层ethernet以太网telnet 远程measurement 测试multicast 多点广播LAN 局域网MAN 城域网WAN 广域网cell 信元jam 拥塞real-time 实时brust 突发interchanger交换机primary 主用secondary 备用relay 中继console 控制台glint 闪烁multi-media 多媒体gateway 网关gatekeeper 网守core 核心administration 管理diagnostics-center 诊断中心critical 严重的major 主要的minor 次要的fan tray 风扇转速temperature 温度DC voltage 直流电压值normal 正常的missing 丢失的none 无clear 干净的slot 槽card state 板卡状态disk 硬盘resource 资源line 线路port 端口active 有效的standby 备用的front 前面back 背面empty 空的mismatch 不匹配的operational 运作的fail 失败的usable 有用的unusable 失效的label 标签switch 交换node 节点physical-view 物理视窗detail 详情modify 修改delete 删除element 原理delay 延迟trace 追溯reroute 按新的路径传输absolute 完全的elapsed-time 消逝的时间grade 等级type 种类landing 降落correct 更正cancle 取消plan to 预计delay 延误request 请求destination 目的地finally 最后at first 起初receive 收到send 发出repeat 重复bigin 开始end 结束verify 核对miss丢失all 全部address地址form 格式route 路由command 命令amount 数量formal 正式的cease 停止storage 存储compatibility 兼容processor 处理器memory 内存plug 插头tolerant 容量status 状态hotspare 热备份framework 构架alarm 告警function 功能artery 干线queue 队列drop 删除操作undrop 去掉删除操作database 数据库cash 现金main 主菜单exchange 交换force 力量client 客户端engine 引擎program 程序ready 准备boot 启动shutdown 关机reboot 重启haltsys 关机update 更新list 列表examine 检查statistics 统计default 初始化mmenu 菜单restore 还原transmit 转发uplink 上行线路downlink 下行线路launch 发射receive 接收antenna 天线modulation/demodulation 调制解调user equipment 用户设备attenuation 衰减frequency 频率signal 信号weak 衰弱carrier 载波interference 干扰mutual 相互的contact 联系candle 处理collect 收集noise 噪声increase 提高reduce 降低bandwidth 带宽microwave 微波radar 雷达limit 限制airport 机场data 数据business 业务protocol 协议weather 气象broadcast 广播database 数据库monitor 监视control 控制local 本地remote 异地configuration 配置reliability 可靠性synchronization 同步asynchronous 异步rate 速率dial 拨号serve 服务router 路由器maintain 维护attenuator 衰减器rack 机架cable 电缆chassis 机箱character 字符packet 包frame 帧bit 比特byte 字节server 服务器printer 打印机spectrometer 频谱仪fault 故障power 电源debug 调试reset 复位reload 重装restart 重启port 端口serial port 串口automatic 自动的manual 手动的version 版本utility 功能terminal 终端type 类型rate 速率enabled 使可能的present 现在custom 习惯sweep 扫除operational 操作decimal 十进制的calculate 计算search 搜索alternate 交替轮流range 范围，幅度value 值manintenance 维护log 记录，日志gain 增益output 输出input 输入level 水平site 位置device 装置summary 总结current 电流folder 文件夹loopback 回路online 上线offline 下线echo 反射conference 会议slave 被叫方master 主叫方offset 补偿，抵消quality 质量，特性circle 循环，回路span 跨度peak 最高点nadir 最低点couple 个数display 显示amplitude 振幅catalog 目录zoom 急速上升step 步骤total 总的identification 标记space 间隔sequence 顺序except 除什么之外diversion 改路indicator 代码supplementary 追加的priority 等级，优先权location 位置inhibit 禁止group 组separation 分离head 头time 次数necessary 必要的signature 签字abbreviation 简字，缩写department 部门service 公电go ahead 请发报handling 处理manual 人工expect 预计serial 连续的garble 变字idle 空闲的stuck 阻塞tape 纸带excessive 非法的open 断流，开路incorrect 不正常的error 错误invalid 无效的due 由于corrupt 错误的unknown 不知道的origin 源include 包括unable 无能力的unwanted不需要的incompletely 不完善地inordinate 无限制的divert 改路hold 保留，停发observe 观察solid 稳定的false错误的continuously 连续地interruption 中断resume 恢复cooperation 协作out of service 中断工作rush reply 速回答wrong 错误的changeover 转换take place发生alternate 备用further 进一步的attention 注意best regards 最好的敬意kindly 友好地ignore 忽视section 一部分side 边avoid 避免mention提到appreciate 感谢reason原因reference 参阅as soon as possible 尽可能的快silent 安静的feed 反馈percent 百分比following 如下trouble 故障according 依据purpose 目的clarify 澄清previous 以前的duration期间affect 影响deal with 处理release 释放unstable不稳定的abnormal 不正常about 大约above 以上accolingly 按照acknowledfent 确认active 活动accurate 准确add 增加additional 附加adjust 领近in dvance 事前advise 通知another 另外的already 已经amount 数量application 申请arrange安排arrival 到达assist 协助available 有可能的avoid 避免average平均because 因为below 以下both双方confirm 请证实confirmed证实无误check 检查cancel 取消contuinue 继续condition 条件conside 思考deliver交付duration 期间diver 绕转emergency 紧急情况ensure 保证establish 建立serialinterface 串行接口datatransmission 数据传输datastream 数据流theidlestate 闲置状态originatingcall发端呼叫undergroundcable 地下电缆circuitswitching 电路交换packetswitching 分组交换messageswitching 报文交换ciruitswitching电路交换messageswitching报文交换destinationaddress 目的地址errorcontrol 误差控制store-and-forwardmanner 存储转发方式ransimissiondelay 传输时延intermediateswitchingequipment 中间交换设备switchingtechnique 交换技术returnsignal 返回信号messageprocessor 报文处理机givenmaximumlength 给定最大长度atrandom 随机性dedicatedcircuit v informationsuperhighway 信息高速公路statisticalmultiplexing 统计复用digitalinformation 数字化的信息networknode 网络节点dualidentification 双重标识virtualcircuit 虚电路virtualpath 虚路径statisticalmultiplexing 统计复用optimumuseofresources 资源的最佳使用virtualprivatenetworks 虚拟专用网ThePublicTelecommunicationsNetwork 公用电信网localloop 本地环路switchingnode 交换节点tollcenter 收费中心telephonesubscriber 电话用户datatraffic 数据流量intermediateswitchingnode 中间交换节点full-duplexconnection 全双工的连接globalcommunications 全球通信narrowbandservices 宽带业务basicaccess 基本接入radiowaves 无线电波end-to-enddelay 端到端的时延peakhours 繁忙小时operationsandmaintenance 运行和维护telecommunicationservice 电信业务messagesofcharacters 文字报two-wayvoiceconversation 双向对话coaxialtreenetwork 同轴树状网络resourcepooling 资源共享sampling,quantizing and coding 抽样量化与编码speech channel 话路amplitude value 幅值sampling frequency 抽样频率sampling rate 抽样速率coding process 编码过程analog signal 模拟信号transmission quality 传输质量digital communication 数字通信digital transmission 数字传输transmission path 传输路由signal-to-noise ratio 信噪比signal levels 信号电平noise power 噪声功率terrestrial system 地面系统Time Division Multiplexer 时分多路复用serial interface 串行接口data transmission 数据传输data stream 数据流the idle state 闲置状态mark level 传号电平space level 空号电位local clock 本地时钟underground cable 地下电缆communication satellite 通信卫星timing signals 定时信号time slot 时隙data terminals 数据终端network resource 网络资源information services 信息服务remote terminals 远程终端interconnected systems 互联的系统electronic mail 电子邮件searching tools 搜索工具user interface 用户界面textual messages 文本信息electronic conferences 电子会议live conversation 实时对话the UNIX operating system UNIX操作系统light source 光源wave length 波长wideband subscriber 带宽用户video bandwidth 视频带宽long distance transmission 长途传输repeater spacing 中继距离wavelength multiplexing 波分复用information capacity 信息容量broadband services 带宽业务international standard 国际标准signal format 信号格式network node interface 网络节点接口tributary signals 支路信号network management 网络管理network maintenance 网络维护network operators 网络运营者transmission rate 传输速率tributary signals 支路信号maintenance capabilities 维护能力building blocks 组件individual tributary signals 各个支路信号transport system 传输系统communication means 通信手段called person 被叫人urgent communications 紧急通信electronic circuitry 电子电路wireless transmission 无线传输service area 服务区global coverage 全球覆盖gain of the antenna 无线增益space station 空间站user terminal 用户终端call accounting电话自动计费系统call control 呼叫控制coax cable 同轴电缆CDMA:Code Division Multiplex Access 码分多址core function 核心功能call information system 呼叫信息系统communication module 通信模块configuration management 配置管理cyclic redundancy check 循环冗佘校验carrier to noise ratio 载波比control word 控制字electro magnetic interference 电磁干扰emergency power 应急电源emergency sooket 应急插座evacuation sigvial疏散照明FDMA:Frequency Division Multiple Access频分多址GSM:Global System for Mobile communications全球移动通信系统information technology 信息技术LAN:Local Area Network 局域网network layer 网络层physical interface物理接口RF:Radio Frequency 射频satellite commumication 卫星通信service node interface业务节点接口Trunk cabling interface 星形连接TCP/P:Transmission Control Protocol Inter-network Protocol传输控制协议/网间协议Tele Communication System 通信系统Telecommunication System 通讯系统Ticket Dispemser 发卡机Time Division Dual 时分双工TDM:Time Division Multiplexing时分复用TDMA:Time Division Multiple Address时分多址error rate误码率circuit switch电路交换message exchange报文交换packet switch分组交换virtual circuit虚电路network topology网络拓扑physical and vitual addressing modes物理寻址flow control流量控制route selection路径选择logical block addressing逻辑寻址error detection错误检测DTE data terminal equipment数据终端设备DCE data communications equipment数据电路中断设备reference model参考模型VP virtual path 虚通道VC virtual channel虚通路NNI network network interface 网络节点接口UNI user network interface 用户网络接口static route 静态路由bum steady常亮flight altitude飞行高度fixed format 固定格式make preparation for dropping 备降route table 路由表forbidden character 禁用字符man-machine dialog 人机对话prefix number冠字short circuit 短路check code 校验码insert record 插入记录bi-directional data 双向通信radio frequency 射频单元（RF）intermediate frequency 中频单元（IF）out door unit 室外单元（ODU）very high frequency 甚高频（VHF）TES Telephony Earth Stationoffice automation 办公自动化redundant backup 冗余备份communication protocol 通信协议data broadcasting 数据广播data interface 数据接口(channel Unit) CU card /board CU板卡channel unit 信道单元remote station 远端站network control system 网络控制系统（NCS）频分多址（FDMA）按需分配（DAMA）预分配（PAMA）delay time 延迟时间bandwidth pool 带宽池modulation system 调制方式forward error correction 前向纠错（FEC）cold standby 冷备份warm standby 热备份outgoing control channel 外向控制信道（OCC）inbound control channel 入向控制信道configuration parameter 配置参数time division multiplexing 时分复用（TDM）carryout执行,完成putinto投入takeintoaccount把考虑在内appearonthescene出场,出现bycomparison比较起来,相对之下dueto由于inasense从某种意义上说greater than 大于less than 小于between and 在两者之间roll out 转出power off 关机。

LTE系统消息翻译

LTE系统消息翻译

系统消息解析1 MIB （Master Information Block）解析MIB主要包含系统带宽、PHICH配置信息、系统帧号。

（下图为实测信令）➢DL_Bandwidth系统带宽，范围enumerate(1.4M(6RB，0)，3M(15RB,1)，5M(25RB,2)，10M(50RB,3)，15M(75RB,4)，20M(100RB,5))，上图为n100，对应的系统带宽为20M（100RB，带宽索引号为5）。

➢Phich_Duration当该参数设置为normal时，PDCCH占用的OFDM符号数可以自适应调整；当该参数设置为extended时，若带宽为1.4M，则PDCCH占用的OFDM符号数可以取3或4，对于其他系统带宽下，PDCCH占用的符号数只能为3。

➢PHICH-Resource该参数用于计算小区PHICH信道的资源；➢SystemFrameNumber系统帧号。

系统帧号，用于UE获取系统时钟。

实际SFN位长为10bit，也就是取值从0-1023循环。

在PBCH的MIB广播中只广播前8位，剩下的两位根据该帧在PBCH 40ms周期窗口的位置确定，第一个10ms帧为00，第二帧为01，第三帧为10，第四帧为11。

PBCH 的40ms窗口手机可以通过盲检确定。

➢Spare：预留的，暂时未用2 SIB1 （System Information Block Type1）解析SIB1上主要传输评估UE能否接入小区的相关信息及其他系统消息的调度信息。

主要包括4部分：➢小区接入相关信息（cell Access Related Info）➢小区选择信息（cell Selection Info）➢调度信息（scheduling Info List）➢TDD配置信息（tdd-Config）SIB1消息解析（UE侧）：RRC-MSG..msg....struBCCH-DL-SCH-Message......struBCCH-DL-SCH-Message........message..........c1............systemInformationBlockType1..............cellAccessRelatedInfo//小区接入相关信息................plmn-IdentityList//PLMN标识列表..................PLMN-IdentityInfo....................plmn-Identity ......................mcc//460 ........................MCC-MNC-Digit:0x4 (4) ........................MCC-MNC-Digit:0x6 (6) ........................MCC-MNC-Digit:0x0 (0) ......................mnc//00 ........................MCC-MNC-Digit:0x0 (0) ........................MCC-MNC-Digit:0x0 (0) ....................cellReservedForOperatorUse:notReserved (1) ................trackingAreaCode:11100(890C)//TAC跟踪区（890C）为16进制数，转换成十进制为35084，查TAC在该消息中可以查到，此条信元重要。

ERP词汇中英文对照

ERP词汇中英文对照

NO Abbr aa1ABM Activity-based Management2AO Application Outsourcing3APICS American Production and Inventory4APICS Applied Manufacturing Education S5APO Advanced Planning and Optimizatio6APS Advanced Planning and Scheduling7ASP Application Service/Software Prov8ATO Assemble To Order9ATP Available To Promise10B2B Business to Business11B2C Business to Consumer12B2G Business to Government13B2R Business to Retailer14BIS Business Intelligence System15BOM Bill Of Materials16BOR Bill Of Resource17BPR Business Process Reengineering18BPM Business Process Management19BPS Business Process Standard20C/S Client/Server(C/S)\Browser/Server21CAD Computer-Aided Design22CAID Computer-Aided Industrial Design23CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing24CAPP Computer-Aided Process Planning25CASE Computer-Aided Software Engineeri26CC Collaborative Commerce27CIMS Computer Integrated Manufacturing28CMM Capability Maturity Model29COMMS Customer Oriented Manufacturing M30CORBA Common Object Request Broker Arch31CPC Collaborative Product Commerce32CPIM Certified Production and Inventor33CPM Critical Path Method34CRM Customer Relationship Management35CRP capacity requirements planning36CTI Computer Telephony Integration37CTP Capable to Promise38DCOM Distributed Component Object Mode39DCS Distributed Control System40DMRP Distributed MRP41DRP Distribution Resource Planning42DSS Decision Support System43DTF Demand Time Fence44DTP Delivery to Promise45EAI Enterprise Application Integratio46EAM Enterprise Assets Management47ECM Enterprise Commerce Management48ECO Engineering Change Order49EDI Electronic Data Interchange50EDP Electronic Data Processing51EEA Extended Enterprise Applications 52EIP Enterprise Information Portal53EIS Executive Information System54EOI Economic Order Interval55EOQ Economic Order Quantity56EPA Enterprise Proficiency Analysis 57ERP Enterprise Resource Planning58ERM Enterprise Resource Management59ETO Engineer To Order60FAS Final Assembly Schedule61FCS Finite Capacity Scheduling62FMS Flexible Manufacturing System63FOQ Fixed Order Quantity64GL General Ledger65GUI Graphical User Interface66HRM Human Resource Management67HRP Human Resource Planning68IE Industry Engineering/Internet Exp 69ISO International Standard Organizati 70ISP Internet Service Provider71ISPE International Society for Product 72IT/GT Information/Group Technology73JIT Just In Time74KPA Key Process Areas75KPI Key Performance Indicators76LP Lean Production77MES Manufacturing Executive System78MIS Management Information System79MPS Master Production Schedule80MRP Material Requirements Planning81MRPII Manufacturing Resource Planning 82MTO Make To Order83MTS Make To Stock84OA Office Automation85OEM Original Equipment Manufacturing 86OPT Optimized Production Technology 87OPT Optimized Production Timetable88PADIS Production And Decision Informati 89PDM Product Data Management90PERT Program Evaluation Research Techn 91PLM Production Lifecycle Management 92PM Project Management93POQ Period Order Quantity94PRM Partner Relationship Management95PTF Planned Time Fence96PTX Private Trade Exchange97RCCP Rough-Cut Capacity Planning98RDBM Relational Data Base Management99RPM Rapid Prototype Manufacturing100RRP Resource Requirements Planning101SCM Supply Chain Management102SCP Supply Chain Partnership103SFA Sales Force Automation104SMED Single-Minute Exchange Of Dies105SOP Sales And Operation Planning106SQL Structure Query Language107TCO Total Cost Ownership108TEI Total Enterprise Integration109TOC Theory Of Constraints/Constraints110TPM Total Productive Maintenance111TQC Total Quality Control112TQM Total Quality Management113WBS Work Breakdown System114XML eXtensible Markup Language115ABC Classification(Activity Based Classification) 116ABC costing117ABC inventory control118abnormal demand119acquisition cost ,ordering cost120action message121action report flag122activity cost pool123activity-based costing(ABC)124actual capacity125adjust on hand126advanced manufacturing technology127advanced pricing128AM Agile Manufacturing129alternative routing130Anticipated Delay Report131anticipation inventory132apportionment code133assembly parts list134automated storage/retrieval syste135Automatic Rescheduling136available inventory137available material138available stock139available work140average inventory141back order142back scheduling143base currency144batch number145batch process146batch production147benchmarking148bill of labor149bill of lading150branch warehouse151bucketless system152business framework153business plan154capacity level155capacity load156capacity management157carrying cost158carrying cost rate159cellular manufacturing160change route161change structure162check point163closed loop MRP164Common Route Code(ID)165component-based development 166concurrent engineering167conference room pilot168configuration code169continuous improvement170continuous process171cost driver172cost driver rate173cost of stockout174cost roll-up175crew size176critical part177critical ratio178critical work center179CLT Cumulative Lead Time180current run hour181current run quantity182customer care183customer deliver lead time 184customer loyalty185customer order number186customer satisfaction187customer status188cycle counting189DM Data Mining190Data Warehouse191days offset192dead load193demand cycle194demand forecasting195demand management196Deming circle197demonstrated capacity198discrete manufacturing199dispatch to200DRP Distribution Requirements Plannin 201drop shipment202dunning letter203ECO workbench204employee enrolled205employee tax id206end item207engineering change mode flag208engineering change notice209equipment distribution210equipment management211exception control212excess material analysis213expedite code214external integration215fabrication order216factory order217fast path method218fill backorder219final assembly lead time220final goods221finite forward scheduling222finite loading223firm planned order224firm planned time fence225FPR Fixed Period Requirements226fixed quantity227fixed time228floor stock229flow shop230focus forecasting231forward scheduling232freeze code233freeze space234frozen order235gross requirements236hedge inventory237in process inventory238in stock239incrementing240indirect cost241indirect labor242infinite loading243input/output control244inspection ID245integrity246inter companies247interplant demands248inventory carry rate249inventory cycle time250inventory issue251inventory location type 252inventory scrap253inventory transfers254inventory turns/turnover 255invoice address256invoice amount gross257invoice schedule258issue cycle259issue order260issue parts261issue policy262item availability263item description264item number265item record266item remark267item status268job shop269job step270kit item271labor hour272late days273lead time274lead time level275lead time offset days276least slack per operation 277line item278live pilot279load leveling280load report281location code282location remarks283location status284lot for lot285lot ID286lot number287lot number traceability288lot size289lot size inventory290lot sizing291low level code292machine capacity293machine hours294machine loading295maintenance ,repair,and operating 296make or buy decision297management by exception298manufacturing cycle time299manufacturing lead time300manufacturing standards301master scheduler302material303material available304material cost305material issues and receipts306material management307material manager308material master,item master309material review board310measure of velocity311memory-based processing speed312minimum balance313Modern Materials Handling314month to date315move time , transit time316MSP book flag317multi-currency318multi-facility319multi-level320multi-plant management321multiple location322net change323net change MRP324net requirements325new location326new parent327new warehouse328next code329next number330No action report331non-nettable332on demand333on-hand balance334on hold335on time336open amount337open order338order activity rules339order address340order entry341order point342order point system343order policy344order promising345order remarks346ordered by347overflow location348overhead apportionment/allocation 349overhead rate,burden factor,absor 350owner's equity351parent item352part bills353part lot354part number355people involvement356performance measurement357physical inventory358picking359planned capacity360planned order361planned order receipts362planned order releases363planning horizon364point of use365Policy and procedure366price adjustments367price invoice368price level369price purchase order370priority planning371processing manufacturing372product control373product family374product mix375production activity control376production cycle377production line378production rate379production tree380PAB Projected Available Balance 381purchase order tracking382quantity allocation383quantity at location384quantity backorder385quantity completion386quantity demand387quantity gross388quantity in389quantity on hand390quantity scrapped391quantity shipped392queue time393rated capacity394receipt document395reference number396regenerated MRP397released order398reorder point399repetitive manufacturing 400replacement parts401required capacity402requisition orders403rescheduling assumption404resupply order405rework bill406roll up407rough cut resource planning 408rounding amount409run time410safety lead time411safety stock412safety time413sales order414scheduled receipts415seasonal stock416send part417service and support418service parts419set up time420ship address421ship contact422ship order423shop calendar424shop floor control425shop order , work order426shrink factor427single level where used428standard cost system429standard hours430standard product cost431standard set up hour432standard unit run hour433standard wage rate434status code435stores control436suggested work order437supply chain438synchronous manufacturing439time bucket440time fence441time zone442top management commitment443total lead time444transportation inventory445unfavorable variance, adverse446unit cost447unit of measure448value chain449value-added chain450variance in quantity451vendor scheduler,supplier schedul 452vendor scheduling453Virtual Enterprise(VE)/ Organizat 454volume variance455wait time456where-used list457work center capacity458workflow459work order460work order tracking461work scheduling462world class manufacturing excelle 463zero inventories464465Call/Contact/Work/Cost center 466Co/By-product467E-Commerce/E-Business/E-Marketing 468E-sales/E-procuement/E-partner 469independent/dependent demand470informal/formal system471Internet/Intranet/Extranet472middle/hard/soft/share/firm/group ware 473pegging/kitting/netting/nettable474picking/dispatch/disbursement lis475preflush/backflush/super backflus476yield/scrap/shrinkage (rate)477scrap/shrinkage factor478479costed BOM480engineering BOM481indented BOM482manufacturing BOM483modular BOM484planning BOM485single level BOM486summarized BOM487488account balance489account code490account ledger491account period492accounts payable493accounts receivable494actual cost495aging496balance due497balance in hand498balance sheet499beginning balance500cash basis501cash on bank502cash on hand503cash out to504catalog505category code506check out507collection508cost simulation509costing510current assets511current liabilities512current standard cost513detail514draft remittance515end of year516ending availables517ending balance518exchange rate519expense520financial accounting521financial entity522financial reports523financial statements524fiscal period525fiscal year526fixed assets527foreign amount528gains and loss529in balance530income statement531intangible assets532journal entry533management accounting534manual reconciliation535notes payable536notes receivable537other receivables538pay aging539pay check540pay in541pay item542pay point543pay status544payment instrument545payment reminder546payment status547payment terms548period549post550proposed cost551simulated cost552spending variance,expenditure var 553subsidiary554summary555tax code556tax rate557value added tax558559as of date , stop date560change lot date561clear date562date adjust563date available564date changed565date closed566date due567date in produced568date inventory adjust569date obsolete570date received571date released572date required573date to pull574earliest due date575effective date576engineering change effect date 577engineering stop date578expired date579from date580last shipment date581need date582new date583pay through date584receipt date585ship date586587allocation588alphanumeric589approver590assembly591backlog592billing593bill-to594bottleneck595bulk596buyer597component598customer599delivery600demand601description602discrete603ergonomics604facility605feature606forecast607freight608holidays609implement610ingredient611inquire612inventory613item614job615Kanban616level617load618locate619logistics620lot621option622outstanding623overhead624override625overtime626parent627part628phantom629plant630preference631priority632procurement633prototyping634queue635quota636receipt637regeneration638remittance639requisition640returned641roll642routing643schedule644shipment645ship-to646shortage647shrink648spread649statement650subassembly651supplier652transaction653what-if654655post-deduct inventory transaction 656pre-deduct inventory transaction 657generally accepted manufacturing658direct-deduct inventory transacti 659Pareto Principle660Drum-buffer-rope661663Open Database Connectivity664Production Planning665Work in Process666accelerated cost recovery system 667accounting information system668acceptable quality kevel669constant purchasing power account 670break-even analysis671book value672cost-benefit analysis673chief financial office674degree of financial leverage675degree of operating leverage676first-in , first-out677economic lot size678first-in ,still-here679full pegging680linear programming681management by objective682value engineering683zero based budgeting684CAQ computer aided quality assurance 685DBMS database management system686IP Internet Protocol687TCP T ransmission Control Protocol 689690API Advanced Process Industry691A2A Application to Application692article693article reserves694assembly order695balance-on-hand-inventory696bar code697boned warehouse698CPA Capacity Requirements Planning 699change management700chill space701combined transport702commodity inspection703competitive edge704container705container transport706CRP Continuous Replenishment Program707core competence708cross docking709CLV Customer Lifetime Value710CReM Customer Relationship Marketing 711CSS Customer Service and Support712Customer Service Representative 713customized logistics714customs declaration715cycle stock716data cleansing717Data Knowledge and Decision Suppo 718data level integration719data transformation720desktop conferencing721distribution722distribution and logistics723distribution center724distribution logistics725distribution processing726distribution requirements727DRP distribution resource planning 728door-to-door729drop and pull transport730DEM Dynamic Enterprise Module731ECR Efficient Consumer Response732e-Government Affairs733EC Electronic Commerce734Electronic Display Boards735EOS Electronic order system736ESD Electronic Software Distribution 737embedding738employee category739empowerment740engineering change effect work or 741environmental logistics742experiential marketing743export supervised warehouse744ERP Extended Resource Planning745field sales/cross sale/cross sell 746franchising747FCL Full Container Load748Global Logistics Management749goods collection750goods shed751goods shelf752goods stack753goods yard754handing/carrying755high performance organization756inland container depot757inside sales758inspection759intangible loss760internal logistics761international freight forwarding 762international logistics763invasive integration764joint distribution765just-in-time logistics766KM Knowledge Management767lead (customer) management768learning organization769LCL less than container load770load balancing771loading and unloading772logistics activity773logistics alliance774logistics center775logistics cost776logistics cost control777logistics documents778logistics enterprise779logistics information780logistics management781logistics modulus782logistics network783logistics operation784LRP Logistics Resource Planning785logistics strategy786logistics strategy management787logistics technology788MES Manufacture Execute System789mass customization790NPV Net Present Value791neutral packing792OLAP On-line Analysis Processing793OAG Open Application Group794order picking795outsourcing796package/packaging797packing of nominated brand798palletizing799PDA Personal Digital Assistant800personalization801PTF Planning time fence802POS Point Of Sells803priority queuing804PBX Private Branch Exchange805production logistics806publish/subscribe807quality of working life808Quick Response809receiving space810REPs Representatives811return logistics812ROI Return On Investment813RM Risk Management814sales package815scalability816shipping space817situational leadership818six sigma819sorting/stacking820stereoscopic warehouse821storage822stored procedure823storehouse824storing825SRM Supplier Relationship Management 826tangible loss827team building828TEM Technology-enabled Marketing829TES Technology-enabled Selling830TSR TeleSales Service Representative 831TPL Third-Part Logistics832through transport833unit loading and unloading834Value Management835value-added logistics service 836Value-chain integration837VMI Vender Managed Inventory838virtual logistics839virtual warehouse840vision841volume pricing model842warehouse843waste material logistics844workflow management845zero latency846ZLE Zero Latency Enterprise847ZLP Zero Latency Process848zero-inventory technologyCC S F NUM基于作业活动管理F10应用程序外包E21美国生产与库存管理协会ext L651实用制造管理系列培训教材ext C652先进计划及优化技术F14高级计划与排程技术F15应用服务/软件供应商L22定货组装L24可供销售量(可签约量)L31企业对企业(电子商务)F51企业对消费者(电子商务)F52企业对政府(电子商务)F53企业对经销商(电子商务)F54商业智能系统E47物料清单bom L471资源清单L43业务/企业流程重组E49业务/企业流程管理E49业务/企业流程标准E50客户机/服务器\浏览器/服务器abr L457计算机辅助设计L75计算机辅助工艺设计L76计算机辅助制造L77计算机辅助工艺设计L78计算机辅助软件工程L79协同商务E68计算机集成制造系统L73能力成熟度模型L55面向客户制造管理系统ext L653通用对象请求代理结构F70协同产品商务E69生产与库存管理认证资格ext F654关键线路法L92客户关系管理L102能力需求计划L60电脑电话集成(呼叫中心)L74可承诺的能力F56分布式组件对象模型F121分布式控制系统L122分布式MRP L123分销资源计划L125决策支持系统L110需求时界L115可承诺的交货时间F111企业应用集成E140企业资源管理E141企业商务管理F142工程变更订单D139电子数据交换L131电子数据处理F132扩展企业应用系统F152企业信息门户E143高层领导信息系统F150经济定货周期L129经济订货批量(经济批量法)L130企业绩效分析144企业资源计划L145企业资源管理L145专项设计，按订单设计L136最终装配计划L160有限能力计划L162柔性制造系统L171固定定货批量法L167总账cid D522图形用户界面F178人力资源管理L181人力资源计划L182工业工程/浏览器188国际标准化组织F194互联网服务提供商F195国际生产力促进会ext F655信息/成组技术abr F458准时制造/准时制生产L218关键过程域L220关键业绩指标F219精益生产L227制造执行系统L254管理信息系统L252主生产计划L259物料需求计划L268制造资源计划D256定货(订货)生产L249现货(备货)生产L250办公自动化L292原始设备制造商E311最优生产技术E300最优生产时刻表E301生产和决策管理信息系统L346产品数据管理L342计划评审技术L352产品生命周期管理E348项目管理353周期定量法L323合作伙伴关系管理F320计划时界L330自用交易网站F339粗能力计划L385关系数据库管理F372快速原形制造F367资源需求计划D380供应链管理L420供应链合作伙伴关系L421销售自动化L392快速换模法L408销售与运作规划L391结构化查询语言F417总体运营成本F428全面企业集成F429约束理论/约束管理L423全员生产力维护F431全面质量控制L432全面质量管理L433工作分解系统F448可扩展标记语言F153 ABC分类法T1作业成本法F2 ABC 库存控制D3反常需求D4定货费L5行为/活动(措施)信息D6活动报告标志D7作业成本集L8作业基准成本法/业务成本法L9实际能力D11调整现有库存量D12先进制造技术L13高级定价系统D16敏捷制造L17替代工序(工艺路线)D18拖期预报T19预期储备L20分摊码D23装配零件表D25自动仓储/检索系统C26计划自动重排T27可达到库存D28可用物料D29达到库存T30可利用工时T32平均库存D33欠交(脱期)订单L34倒排(序)计划/倒序排产?L35本位币D36批号D37批流程L38批量生产D39标杆瞄准(管理)sim F586工时清单D41提货单D42分库D44无时段系统L45业务框架D46经营规划L48能力利用水平L57能力负荷D58能力管理L59保管费L61保管费率D62单元式制造T63修改工序D64修改产品结构D65检查点sim D66闭环MRP L67通用工序标识T71组件(构件)开发技术F72并行(同步)工程L80会议室模拟L81配置代码D82进取不懈C84连续流程L85作业成本发生因素L86作业成本发生因素单位费用L87短缺损失L88成本滚动计算法L89班组规模D90急需零件D91紧迫系数L93关键工作中心L94累计提前期L95现有运转工时D96现有运转数量D97客户关怀D98客户交货提前期L99客户忠诚度F100客户订单号D101客户满意度F103客户状况D104周期盘点L105数据挖掘F106数据仓库F107偏置天数L108空负荷T109需求周期L112需求预测D113需求管理L114戴明环ext L116实际能力C117离散型生产L119调度D120分销需求计划L124直运C126催款信D127 ECO工作台D128在册员工D133员工税号D134最终产品D135工程变更方式标志D137工程变更通知D138设备分配D146设备管理D147例外控制D148呆滞物料分析D149急送代码T151外部集成F154加工订单T155工厂订单D156快速路径法D157补足欠交D158总装提前期D159成品D161有限顺排计划L163有限排负荷L164确认的计划订单L165确认计划需求时界L166定期用量法L168固定数量法D169固定时间法D170作业现场库存L172流水车间T173调焦预测T174顺排计划L175冻结码D176冷冻区D176冻结订单D177毛需求L179囤积库存L180在制品库存D183在库D184增值D185间接成本D186间接人工D187无限排负荷L189投入/产出控制L190检验标识D191完整性D192公司内部间D193厂际需求量T196库存周转率D197库存周期D197库存发放D198仓库库位类型D199库存报废量D200库存转移D201库存(资金)周转次数L202发票地址D203发票金额D204发票清单D205发放周期D206发送订单T207发放零件D208发放策略D209项目可供量D210项目说明D211项目编号D212项目记录T213项目备注D214项目状态D215加工车间L216作业步骤D217配套件项目D221人工工时D222延迟天数D223提前期L224提前期水平D225提前期偏置(补偿)天数D226最小单个工序平均时差C228单项产品T229应用模拟L230负荷量T231负荷报告T232仓位代码D233仓位备注T234仓位状况T235按需定货(因需定量法/缺补法)L236批量标识T237批量编号T238批号跟踪D239批量D240批量库存L241批量规划L242低层(位)码L243机器能力D244机时D245机器加载T246维护修理操作物料C247外购或自制决策D248例外管理法L251制造周期时间T253制造提前期D255制造标准D257主生产计划员L260物料L261物料可用量L262物料成本D263物料发放和接收D264物料管理L265物料经理L266物料主文件L267物料核定机构L269生产速率水平C270基于存储的处理速度F271最小库存余量L272现代物料搬运C273月累计D274传递时间L275 MPS登录标志T276多币制D277多场所D278多级D279多工厂管理F280多重仓位T281净改变法L282净改变式MRP T283净需求L284新仓位D285新组件D286新仓库D287后续编码D288后续编号D289不活动报告D290不可动用量C291急需的D293现有库存量D294挂起D295准时D296未清金额D298未结订单/开放订单L299订单活动规则D302订单地址D303订单输入T304定货点T305定货点法L306定货策略L307定货承诺T308定货备注T309定货者D310超量库位D312间接费分配L313间接费率L314所有者权益L315母件L316零件清单D317零件批次D318零件编号D319全员参治C321业绩评价L322实际库存D324领料/提货D325计划能力L326计划订单L327计划产出量L328计划投入量L329计划期/计划展望期L331使用点C332工作准则与工作规程L333价格调整D334发票价格D335物价水平D336采购订单价格D337优先计划D338流程制造D340产品控制D341产品系列D343产品搭配组合C344生产作业控制L345生产周期L347产品线D349产品率D350产品结构树T351预计可用库存(量)L354采购订单跟踪D355已分配量D356仓位数量T357欠交数量D358完成数量D359需求量D360毛需求量D361进货数量T362现有数量D363废品数量D364发货数量D365排队时间L366额定能力L368收款单据D369参考号D370重生成式MRP T371下达订单L373再订购点D374重复式生产(制造)L375替换零件D376需求能力L377请购单D378重排假设T379补库单L381返工单D382上滚D383粗资源计划D384舍入金额D386加工(运行)时间L387安全提前期L388安全库存L389保险期T390销售订单D393计划接收量(预计入库量/预期到货量)L394季节储备L395发送零件T396服务和支持D397维修件T398准备时间L399发运地址D400发运单联系人D401发货单D402工厂日历(车间日历)L403车间作业管理(控制)L404车间订单L405损耗因子(系数)D406单层物料反查表D407标准成本体系L409标准工时D410标准产品成本D411标准机器设置工时T412标准单位运转工时T413标准工资率T414状态代码D415库存控制T416建议工作单D418供应链L419同步制造/同期生产C422时段(时间段)L424时界L425时区L426领导承诺C427总提前期L430在途库存L434不利差异L435单位成本T436计量单位D437价值链L438增值链C439量差D440采购计划员/供方计划员L442采购计划法T443虚拟企业/公司L444产量差异L445等待时间L446反查用物料单L447工作中心能力L449工作流L450工作令T451工作令跟踪T452工作进度安排T453国际优秀制造业C454零库存T455456呼叫/联络/工作/成本中心abr X459联/副产品abr X460电子商务/电子商务/电子集市abr X461电子销售/电子采购/电子伙伴abr独立需求/相关需求件abr X462非/规范化管理系统abr X463互联网/企业内部网/企业外联网abr X464中间/硬/软/共享/固/群件abr X465追溯(反查)/配套出售件/净需求计算abr X466领料单(或提货单)/派工单/发料单abr X467预冲/倒冲法/完全反冲abr X468成品率/废品率/缩减率abr X469残料率（废品系数）/损耗系数abr fromchen470成本物料清单bom D472设计物料清单bom L473缩排式物料清单bom L474制造物料清单bom L475模块化物料清单bom L476计划物料清单bom L477单层物料清单bom D478汇总物料清单bom L479480账户余额cid D481账户代码cid D482分类账cid D483会计期间cid D484应付账款cid L485应收账款cid L486实际成本cid D487账龄cid D488到期余额cid D489现有余额cid D490资产负债表cid D491期初余额cid D492现金收付制cid D493银行存款cid L494现金cid L495支付给cid D496目录cid D497分类码cid D498结帐cid D499催款cid D500成本模拟cid D501成本核算cid D502流动资产cid L503流动负债cid L504现行标准成本cid C505明细cid D506汇票汇出cid D507年末cid D508期末可供量cid D509期末余额cid D510汇率cid D511费用cid D512财务会计cid L513财务实体cid L514财务报告cid D515财务报表cid D516财务期间cid D517财政年度cid D518固定资产cid L519外币金额cid D520损益cid D521平衡cid D523损益表cid D524无形资产cid L525分录cid D526管理会计cid L527手工调账cid D528应付票据cid L529应收票据cid L530其他应收款cid L531付款账龄cid D532工资支票cid D533缴款cid D534付款项目cid D535支付点cid D536支付状态cid D537付款方式cid D538催款单cid D539付款状态cid D540付款期限cid D541期间cid D542过账cid D543建议成本cid L544模拟成本cid L545开支差异cid L546明细账cid D547汇总cid D548税码cid D549税率cid D550增值税cid D551552截止日期dat D553修改批量日期dat D554结清日期dat D555调整日期dat D556有效日期dat D557修改日期dat D558结束日期dat D559截止日期dat560生产日期dat D561库存调整日期dat D562作废日期dat D563收到日期dat D564交付日期dat D565需求日期dat D566发货日期dat D567最早订单完成日期dat L568生效日期dat D569工程变更生效日期dat D570工程停止日期dat D571失效日期，报废日期dat D572起始日期dat D573最后运输日期dat T574需求日期dat D575新日期dat D576付款截止日期dat D577收到日期dat D578发运日期dat D579580已分配量sim D581字母数字sim C582批准者sim D583装配(件)sim D584未结订单/拖欠订单sim L585开单sim D587发票寄往地sim C588瓶颈资源sim L589散装sim D590采购员sim T591子件/组件sim L592客户sim D593交货sim D594需求sim D595说明sim D596离散sim D597工效学(人类工程学)sim L598设备、功能sim D599基本组件/特征件sim L600预测sim D601运费sim D602例假日sim D603实施sim D604配料、成分sim D605查询sim D606库存sim L607物料项目sim D608作业sim D609看板sim T610层次(级)sim D611负荷sim D612定位sim D613后勤保障体系；物流管理sim L614批次sim D615可选件sim L616逾期未付sim D617制造费用sim D618覆盖sim C619加班sim D620双亲(文件)sim D621零件sim D622虚拟件sim L623工厂，场所sim D624优先权sim D626优先权(级)sim D627采购sim628原形测试sim L629队列sim T630任务额，报价sim D631收款、收据sim D632全重排法sim C633汇款sim D634请购单sim L635退货sim D636滚动sim D637工艺线路sim L638计划表sim D639发运量sim D640交货地sim C641短缺sim D642损耗sim D643分摊sim D644报表sim D645子装配件sim D646供应商sim D647事务处理sim F648如果怎样-将会怎样sim C649650后减库存处理法ext T656前减库存处理法ext T657通用生产管理原则ext T658直接增减库存处理法ext T659帕拉图原理ext L660鼓点-缓冲-绳子ext T661开放数据库互连fromchen生产规划编制 fromchen在制品 fromchen快速成本回收制度fromchen会计信息系统 fromchen可接受质量水平 fromchen不买够买力会计fromchen保本分析fromchen帐面价值fromchen成本效益分析fromchen财务总监fromchen财务杠杆系数fromchen经济杠杆系数fromchen先进先出法 fromchen经济批量 fromchen后进先出法fromchen完全跟踪 fromchen线性规划 fromchen目标管理 fromchen价值工程 fromchen零基预算fromchen计算机辅助质量保证 fromchen数据库管理系统 fromchen网际协议 fromchen传输控制协议 fromchen高级流程工业fromAMT应用到应用(集成)fromAMT物品fromAMT物品存储fromAMT装配订单fromAMT现有库存余额fromAMT条形码fromAMT保税仓库fromAMT能力需求计划fromAMT变革管理fromAMT冷藏区fromAMT联合运输fromAMT进出口商品检验fromAMT竞争优势fromAMT集装箱fromAMT集装箱运输fromAMT连续补充系数fromAMT。

数值分析——英文关键词

数值分析——英文关键词

第一章绪论截断误差truncation error舍入误差rounding error; round-off error绝对误差absolute error误差限bounds on error相对误差relative error相对误差限bounds on relative error有效数字significant digit; significant figure数值稳定性numerical stability第二章插值与拟合插值函数interpolating function插值节点interpolation knot; interpolation node插值区间插值多项式interpolation polynomial基函数base function差商difference coefficient向前差分forward difference quotient向后差分backward difference quotient中心差分central difference向前差分算子forward difference operator向后差分算子backward difference operator中心差分算子central difference operator不变算子invariant operator移位算子shifting operator三次样条函数cubic spline function三次样条插值函数cubic spline interpolating function 边界条件boundary condition自然边界条件natural boundary condition周期边界条件period boundary condition最小二乘法曲线拟合least squares curve fitting法方程normal equation第三章数值积分与数值微分数值积分numerical integration数值微分numerical differentiation求积公式quadrature formula求积节点quadrature knot求积系数quadrature coefficients代数精度algebraic accuracy插值型求积公式interpolatory quadrature formula余项remainder term外推法extrapolation method第四章解线性方程组的直接方法消去法cancellation method三角分解法triangular decomposition平方根法square root method追赶法forward elimination and backward substitution 范数norm条件数condition number第五章解线性方程组的迭代法迭代法iteration method收敛convergence发散diverge超松弛迭代法successive over relaxation method第六章非线性方程求根二分法dichotomy method不动点fixed point牛顿法Newton method第八章矩阵特征值问题计算特征值characteristic value特征向量character vector幂法power method反幂法inverse power method。

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‡ †
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke W., Montr´ eal, Qu´ ebec, Canadaer has three parts. In the first part we apply the theory of commuting pairs of (pseudo) difference operators to the (formal) asymptotics of orthogonal polynomials: using purely geometrical arguments we show heuristically that the asymptotics, for large degrees, of orthogonal polynomial with respect to varying weights is intimately related to certain spinor bundles on a hyperelliptic algebraic curve reproducing formulæ appearing in the works of Deift et al. on the subject. In the second part we show that given an arbitrary nodal hyperelliptic curve satisfying certain conditions of admissibility we can reconstruct a sequence of polynomials orthogonal with respect to semiclassical complex varying weights supported on several curves in the complex plane. The strong asymptotics of these polynomials will be shown to be given by the spinors introduced in the first part using a Riemann– Hilbert analysis. In the third part we use Strebel theory of quadratic differentials and the procedure of welding to reconstruct arbitrary admissible hyperelliptic curves. As a result we can obtain orthogonal polynomials whose zeroes may become dense on a collection of Jordan arcs forming an arbitrary forest of trivalent loop-free trees.
Contents
1 Introduction and summary 1.1 1.2 1.3 Asymptotics of generalized pseudo-orthogonal polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Connection to the asymptotics of OPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boutroux and admissibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spinor bundles and commuting difference operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 20 20 24 30 33 35 37 44 50 51 56 57 62 64 65
arXiv:math-ph/0605043v3 11 Dec 2007
M. Bertola†‡ 12 M.Y. Mo
Centre de recherches math´ ematiques, Universit´ e de Montr´ eal C. P. 6128, succ. centre ville, Montr´ eal, Qu´ ebec, Canada H3C 3J7
Riemann Hilbert problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 Part II: asymptotics of orthogonal polynomials 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 The G-function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Stokes–Kirchoff normalized differential of second kind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asymptotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Semiclassical generalized orthogonal polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parametrix near branch points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Density of zeroes of the orthogonal polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 Part III: Reconstruction of (admissible) Boutroux curves 5.1 5.2 Inverse problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.1 Conformal structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Admissible) Boutroux curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 Conclusion 6.1 Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1
Introduction and summary
The present paper deals with the asymptotics of certain (pseudo–)orthogonal polynomials, its formal properties and connections with algebraic geometry. In order to explain the framework, let us recall the main results for ordinary orthogonal polynomials [14] in a simple exemplifying case. Let V (x) be an even-degree real polynomial bounded from below and consider the Hilbert space L2 (R, e−N V (x) dx). Let pn (x) be the (real) orthogonal polynomials (OP) for this measure. One of the main goals of modern asymptotic analysis is to describe their strong asymptotic as we let n → ∞ while N → ∞ at the same rate. This problem has been brilliantly solved in [6, 7, 14, 15] using the associated Riemann–Hilbert problem (RHP); indeed the matrix Y (x) := pn (x) φn ( x ) pn−1 (x) φn−1 (x) , φn (x) = 1 2iπ e−N V (s) pn (s) ds , z ∈ C \ R s−x (1-1)
math-ph/0605043 CRM-3217 (2006)
Commuting difference operators, spinor bundles and the asymptotics of orthogonal polynomials with respect to varying complex weights
1 Work supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Grant. No. 261229-03 and by the Fonds FCAR du Qu´ ebec No. 88353. 2 bertola@crm.umontreal.ca
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