大学基础英语写作诀窍.doc
大学基础英语写作诀窍
写作是英语的第二大重头戏，仅次于阅读。
但是这部分又经常被考生忽略，考前不动手，依赖临考模板，很难写出高分作文。
下面是为大家整理的大学基础英语写作诀窍，欢迎阅读。
1、灵活改变句子开头
在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即主语位于句子开头。
但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如使用倒状语或以状语开头等，会使文章增强表现力。
- You can do it well only in this way.→ Only in this way can you do it well.
只有这样你才能把它做好。
- A young woman sat by the window.→ By the window sat a young woman.
窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女
2、避免重复使用词语
为了使表达更生动，更富表现力，同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。
如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字，就会立刻想起like，事实上，英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多，如love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。
- I like reading while my brother likes watching television.→ I like
reading while my brother enjoys watching television.
我喜欢看书，而我的兄弟却喜欢看电视。
3、合理使用省略句
合理恰当地使用省略句，不仅可以使文章精练、简洁，而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。
- He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?
他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。
要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?
- If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll no t go.→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.
如果天气好，我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去了。
- She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.
她本可申请这份工作的，但她没有。
4、运用非谓语结构
非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。
- When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.
听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。
- As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.
由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。
5、结合使用长、短句
在英语写作中，过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好。
正确的做法是，根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短语，使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。
-At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.
中午我们晒着太阳吃野餐。
休息一会儿后，我们唱的唱歌，跳的跳舞，还有的讲笑话、下棋，大家玩得很开心。
6、使用短语代替单词
使用短语代替单词。
- He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.→ He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.
他已决定长大了当老师。
- He doesn't like music.→ He doesn't care much for music.
他不大喜欢音乐。
- He told me that the question was now under discussion.→ He told me that the question was now being discussed.
他告诉我问题现正正在讨论中。
7、套用某些固定表达
套用某些固定表达
- He was very tired. He couldn’t walk any farther.→ He wa s too tired to walk any farther.
他太累了，不能再往前走了。
- The film was very interesting. Both the teachers and the students liked it.→ The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.
这电影很有趣，学生和老师都很喜欢。
- Your son is old. He can look after himself now.→ Your son is old enough to look after himself now.你的儿子已经长大，可以自己照顾自己了。
8、使用地道英语
使用地道英语
- Don't worry. Be bold and try it, and you'll learn it soon.→Don't worry. Just go for it, and you'll get it soon.
别担心，大胆试一试，你很快就会学会的。
-Thank you for playing with us.→Thank you for sharing the time
with us.
谢谢你陪我玩。
9、综合使用“高级”结构
综合使用“高级”结构
- We had to stand there to catch the offender.→ What we had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch the offender.
我们所能做的只是站在那儿，设法抓住违章者。
- If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher’s, it is at least as good as her teacher’s.→ Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.
如果她的语音不比她的老师好的话，至少也不会比她老师的差。
10、引用名言警句点缀
在写作时根据实际情况恰当地用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章，不仅使文章显得有深度、有智慧，而且会让文章在评分中上一个“得分档次”。
- As the proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Though you fail this time, you needn’t lose heart. As long as you work hard and stick to your dream, you will succeed one day.- There is a proverb goes like this “Life isn’t a bed of roses.” It is ture that it is likely for everyone to meet problems and difficulties in life.- In the modern world, more and more people live alone, which is not so good for our life. It is better for us to make more friends and enjoy friendship. Just as a
proverb says, “A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.”。
大学英语四级写作方法技巧
大学英语四级写作方法技巧大学英语四级考试，是由国家教育部高等教育司主持的全国性教学考试，它对我们每一个大学生来说都很重要。
下面是小编整理的大学英语四级写作方法技巧，欢迎大家阅读分享借鉴。
英语四级作文写作技巧一、审题我们拿到作文后第一件要做的事就是审题。
审题的作用在于使你写作不跑题(如果跑题，条理和语言再好，也得不到及格分，甚至0分。
)那末审题要审什麽呢?1.体裁(议论文，说明文，描述文)审题就是要审作文的题材和体裁。
因为什末样的体裁就会用什末样的题材去写。
那末体裁包括那些呢?它包括议论文，说明文和描述文。
从近些年看，四级作文不是单一的体裁，而是几种体裁的杂合体。
例如： Directions: For this part ,your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topicTrying to Be A Good University Student .You should write at least 100 words and you shouldbase your composition on the outline (given in Chinese ) below :1.做合格大学生的必要性2.做合格大学生的必备条件(可以从德智体方面谈)3.我计划这样做很多人说这种类型的作文是议论文。
这是片面的，因为，第一段要求写"...必要性"，这说明本段体裁是议论文;第二段要求写"...必备条件"，这说明本段要求写说明文;儿地三段要求写"...这样做"，这说明本段要求写描述文。
所以在大多数情形下，四级作文是三种体裁的杂合体。
2.根据不同体裁确定写作方法我们审题的目的就是根据不同体裁确定不同的写作方法。
通过审题，我们可以看出四级作文大都是三段式。
如上例第一段为议论体，第二段为说明体，地三段为描述体。
大学英语写作实用技巧
大学英语写作实用技巧在大学英语写作的世界里，技巧的掌握就像是打开一扇通往成功的大门。
每个学生都希望自己的文章既能准确表达思想，又能吸引读者的注意。
为了实现这个目标，掌握一些实用的写作技巧至关重要。
首先，构建清晰的写作结构是成功的基础。
想象一下，文章就像是一栋建筑物。
没有坚实的基础，建筑物是无法稳固的。
对于一篇英语文章而言，基础即是引言、正文和结论的结构。
引言部分要引人入胜，简单介绍主题，勾起读者的兴趣。
正文则是文章的主体，分为多个段落，每个段落都应有明确的主题句，并通过具体的例证或论据进行展开。
结论部分则要总结主要观点，提出进一步的思考或行动建议。
这样的结构使得文章逻辑清晰，层次分明，读者能够轻松跟随作者的思路。
其次，精准的词汇和句子结构是提高写作质量的关键。
词汇的选择应该既准确又丰富，避免使用过于简单或重复的词汇。
用词要根据上下文的需要进行调整，选择最能传达意思的词汇。
同时，句子结构的变化也很重要。
单一的句型会让文章显得乏味，适当运用复合句、复杂句和短句的搭配，可以让文章更加生动、有趣。
这样不仅能提升文章的表达力，也能增加阅读的愉悦感。
语法的正确性也是不容忽视的方面。
尽管英语写作的表达可以很自由，但语法规则是不可忽视的底线。
语法错误会影响文章的清晰度和可信度，甚至可能改变句子的意义。
因此，在写作过程中，要时刻注意主谓一致、时态使用、冠词的运用等基础语法规则。
此外，写作完成后，进行细致的校对是非常必要的，确保文章中没有遗漏的错误。
逻辑性是文章说服力的重要保障。
每一个观点或论点都应该有充分的论据来支持。
通过逻辑严密的论证，使读者能够清晰理解作者的观点并被说服。
构建严谨的逻辑链条，可以通过提供数据、引用权威来源或列举实例等方式来增强论证的力度。
确保每一个段落都围绕一个核心主题展开，并且与文章的整体论点紧密关联。
此外，写作风格的统一性也是提高文章质量的重要因素。
每篇文章都有其独特的风格，而风格的一致性可以让文章显得更加专业和连贯。
如何短时间提高英语作文写作能力
【导语】学习英语写作的时间太过仓促，我们怎样在最短的时间内限度地提⾼⾃⼰的英语作⽂写作⽔平?下⾯是给⼤家整理的如何短时间提⾼英语作⽂写作能⼒，供⼤家参阅!【篇⼀】如何短时间提⾼英语作⽂写作能⼒ 第⼀，词汇量要充⾜。
词汇量多少很⼤程度上决定作⽂是否能写得下去，很多时候想到⼀个很好的句⼦或⽂字，但⼀下⼦词汇不记得了，没法写。
词汇量不⾜的学⽣，建议使⽤“奇迹英语背单词8.0”软件，这套软件可以从 下载，能够在较短时间内迅速提⾼词汇量。
第⼆，审题要充分。
我所教的学⽣中在写英语作⽂时，普遍存在这样⼀个情况：看完作⽂题，就开始写，想到哪写到哪，只要把字数凑够了就停笔了。
这样写出来的⽂章，看起来就像在记流⽔帐，没有任何逻辑，杂乱⽆章，毫⽆条理，同时容易出现⽤错时态、⽤错格式等的情况。
试想，如果你是试卷的命题⼈，你出作⽂题的时候，肯定 有出这道题的独特的道理。
所以仔细审题和构思就成了写作的第⼀步。
审题的重点放在写作体裁、格式、字数⽅⾯，确保第⼀遍审题就能保证得到基本分。
同时还要⽂体和时态，因为不同的⽂体要求的写作格式也是不同的，时态的要求也⾮常重要。
第三，提纲要详细。
审完题后⼀定要列提纲。
很多学⽣认为，中考英语作⽂译成中⽂，最多是⼩学⼆年级的语⽂作⽂⽔平，所以根本没有必要列提纲。
其实，这种想法是⾮常错误的，因为提纲不仅能使⽂章的结构清晰，还有很重要的⼀点：防⽌漏掉作⽂内容。
因为中考英语作⽂有⼀个很重要的要求：要点要全。
如果你漏掉了需要写的内容，即使⽂章写得再优美，⽤词再准确，也拿不了⾼分。
最后要注意打草稿，然后修改。
这样可以保证错误降低⾄最少或者没有错误，同时也能保持卷⾯整洁。
第四，⽂化差异要注意。
我们要时刻牢记⼀点，中英⽂表达⽅式有很⼤的差异，所以体现在作⽂表达上也常常会出现⽣硬的中国式作⽂表达，降低了我们的作⽂质量。
所以注重中英语⾔差异，并努⼒找到两者之间的表达⽅式上的共通点，并且有意识的运⽤就能避免类似的问题。
英语写作注意事项
英语写作注意事项一．如何使句子意义明确怎样写、写什么样的文章才能得高分呢？这是大家共同关心的问题。
下面请大家注意以下几个句子：（1）I get up early，study hard and go to bed late．我早起晚睡，努力学习。
（2）Everything was over．I put my heart into my stomach．一切都结束了。
我放心了。
（3）You must make a choice，because you can't eat fish and bear's paw at the same time．你必须做出选择，因为鱼与熊掌不可兼得。
这几个句子都是同学们平时写作练习中出现过的，信手拈来与大家共同探讨。
虽然句子结构本身没有毛病，但是属于坏句子。
为什么呢？先说句（1），它给人造成的印象很模糊，泛泛而谈，空洞无物。
How early？ How late？How hard？没有交代清楚。
这就涉及到写单句（非简单句）的一条原则：具体的原则。
能给人留下深刻印象的东西往往是具体的事物，比如说某人想家时会想念家乡的“一草一木”。
这“一草一木”就是家乡的“一切的一切”的具体化。
同样，要形象地说明自己起早贪黑，刻苦学习的情形，就不能仅仅用两个无法限定准确时间的副词 early和late及无法限定准确程度的副词hard来表示。
经提示后，该学生将句（1）改成了：I get up early in the morning，study 8 hours and go to bed late at night。
还是不太理想。
他想了想再改成：I get up at 5：50 in the morning，study earnestly 8 hours all day and go to bed at 11：00。
这样就好多了。
句（2）和句（3）的问题是非英语（Non-English），也就是说这种说法在英语中不存在。
大学英语四级写作技巧盘点
大学英语四级写作技巧盘点通过了三级B考试的同学们,就要开始考虑四级考试了。
相信大家在高中甚至初中阶段就已经听说过英语四级的“恐怖传说”了。
下面是小编整理的大学英语四级写作技巧盘点，欢迎大家阅读分享借鉴。
英语四级写作技巧看清题目，明确写作范围、内容。
和我们考试一样，有许多的学生看一半题，就感觉已经很是理解题目的意思了。
这是兵家之大忌，写到最后才发现自己写的已经跑题了，为时已晚。
一般来说最少分三段，第一段说明情况、阐明自己的基本观点，反对还是赞同。
第二段可以分段论述自己的观点，可以摆明自己的证据、例子、看法。
最后一点对自己的论述观点要进行总结归纳。
阐述部分最重要。
在论述自己的观点的时候要有层次，有条理。
在每句开头还可以用First,Secondly,Finally等开头词来分别诉说自己的观点。
可以用一些大家熟知的例子来论证你的观点。
平时要多积累一些词汇、句式等。
比如表示举例、转折、连接等的词汇证明你的词汇积累是很大的，这样才可以让判卷老师在短时间范围内给你高的分数。
在考试进考场的时候，你可以多看看自己以前的积累本。
遇到不同的要求要理解题目的意思。
遇到表格类的写作，就要分析卷子是让你论证什么观点，你需要在脑海中建立什么观点。
遇到漫画写作，要看清漫画想要告诉你的寓意是什么。
注意的小知识点。
考试写作文中题目大小写，作文开头字母的大小写，以及文中的标点符号，段落层次表达的意思。
还有就是文章的人称、时态。
时态，是文章的精髓，一个时态应用不正英语四级写作方法文意切题：切题是决定一篇作文是否合格的根本。
即使结构清晰、语言华丽，但主题与指令要求不符，那一切都是枉然。
所以，写作时，文章主题一定要紧扣命题点或图画寓意来写，段落布局也要切合主题，从而确保内容准确。
结构清晰：英语作文讲求逻辑严密，要求文章结构合理有序。
一般而言，四级作文可依三段式展开，第一段提出问题、点明主题或描述图画;第二段分析问题、论述主题或揭示图画寓意;第三段解决问题、给出评论或发出吁请。
大学英语四级考试作文范例及其写作思路
大学英语四级考试作文范例及其写作思路1. 话题：大学生就业压力思路：考生可以从社会发展、政府政策、个人素质等方面分析大学生就业压力，提出解决方案，展示自己的思考能力和语言表达能力。
范例：As we know, college graduates are facing increasing employment pressure in recent years. There are various reasons for this situation. Firstly, with the rapid development of society, the number of graduates has increased dramatically, leading to fierce competition in the job market. Secondly, the government's policy support for employment is far from enough, and many companies tend to choose experienced workers rather than fresh graduates. Finally, some college students themselves lack the practical abilities or soft skills that are required by the employers.To solve this problem, we need to take measures from different perspectives. First of all, universities should pay more attention to cultivating students' practical abilities, such as internships, entrepreneurship, and social practice. Secondly, the government should implement more targeted policies to encourage the development ofstart-ups and innovation industries, which will create more employment opportunities. Finally, college students themselves should try to improve their comprehensive abilities, such as communication, teamwork, and leadership, and be more adaptable to the changing job market.2. 话题：节约能源思路：节约能源是当下环保意识越来越强烈的社会热点，考生可以从能源消耗、影响环境、以及节约措施等方面展开论述，提出自己的想法。
大学英语四六级写作宝典(写作技巧,写作构思和常用语句总结)
·对比观点型作文1，逻辑结构（4段）Paragraph1:（1），引出将要评论的事情或者是观点（2），简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法Paragraph2:（1），提出一种观点或优点（2），本段的支持性分论点（3），本段总结Paragraph3:（1），承上启下的过渡句（2），提出另一种观点或缺点（3），本段的支持性分论点（4），本段总结Paragraph4:自己观点实例说明：·第一段·In recent years/ with fast economic growth,···have appeared in many families in China. However, public attitudes toward it vary widely/differ/sharply/are quite of the contrary.·There is no denying the fact that ···has been a prevalent andpervasive topic with which university students are confronted. And there is no consensus of opinion among people concerning the controversial issue.·第二段·Some people argue that ···has some merits, which can be listed as follows. First and foremost,···. Additionally, ····Most people would agree that there can be no substitute for ···. They say that ···. Besides, they assert····第三段·Despite/In spite of/For all the advantages, they bring their own negative effects.·Like anything else, they also have their own weakness/limits. ·However, others claim that they are not without shortcomings/faults. ·However, ···may also bring with its problems our society had not previously faced.·Despite the increase in efficiency and convenience generated by···, the changes they bring could very well lead to potentially adverse consequences.·第四段·Given the choice between these two methods of···, I prefer ···. This is because I am the sort of person who finds it difficult to concentrate on····Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I’m inclined to agree with the former point of view.·Whether the private car is a blessing or a curse is a difficult question to answer, yet the desire for the comfort and independence···can bring will not be eliminated.·Anyway/anyhow/In any case, whether the effect is good or bad, one thing is certain: It has changed and will continue to change the way of our entertainment, our leisure and our life.四六级写作一般采用齐头式写法，看起来更加舒服些，例文如下; There is no denying the fact that living in the dormitory has been a prevalent and pervasive topic with which university students are confronted. And there is no consensus of opinion among people concerning the controversial issue.Some people cling to the belief that university students are able to benefit from living in the dormitory. First and foremost, living in the dormitory undoubtedly exerts a favorable as well as far-reaching impact on our study, for the reason that we can communicate with each other about our academic work. In addition, living in dormitory is of immense benefits when it comes to time and money.Conversely, there are still some people who embrace opposite idea. Theyreckon that roommates all have various personalities, and as a consequence, they may not get along fairly well with each other. Besides, living in the dormitory is less comfortable than living outside.As far as I am concerned, living in the dormitory, for a university student, are more helpful than harmful. An experience of living in the dormitory is more precious than all wealth and things that are desirable cannot be compared with it. So how can we enjoy it if we do not live in it?2，社会热点型作文·第一段提出社会现象（总分总）In contemporary society, an overwhelming majority of people are beginning to be aware that···. This is a prevalent and pervasive issue with which our society is confronted. ( Particularly,···) Undeniably, such issue has been in the focus of the public.·第二段主题句和层次感（原因，危害，方法）原因：·Considering every aspect of the issue, we may attribute the fact/phenomenon to the following factors.·A multitude of factors, both individual and social/from my perspective, could account for/contribute to the phenomenon of···影响·This phenomenon, undoubtedly, will bring about the followinginfluences both on individual and on society. Initially, it exerts an unfavorable consequence on···. Additionally, it also poses a potential and probable threat to/on···. Finally, this is also a big/huge/tremendous challenge for us.第三段看法和建议（总分总）·From my perspective, on no account can we turn a blind eye to this phenomenon.·It is imperative for us to take effective and efficient measures to reverse the disturbing trend.分的写法·自己如何做It is our obligation to ···We should spare no efforts to···呼吁Appeal to somebody to···立法Proper laws and regulations should be worked and effected to···教育We should educate and enlighten the awareness of people that···媒体Mass media should play an irreplaceable role in最后一句·All the above factors support an unshakable conclusion that only by attaching great importance to···can our society become vigorous prosperous as well as harmonious.。
最全面英语写作技巧知识点归纳总结(精华版)
最全面英语写作技巧知识点归纳总结(精
华版)
1. 提纲法
- 在写作前，先制定一个清晰的提纲，确定文章的结构和内容。
- 确保提纲包含一个引人入胜的开头，清晰的观点陈述以及有
力的结尾。
2. 文章结构
- 保持文章结构的一致性，包括引言、正文和结论部分。
- 每个段落只讨论一个主题，并确保段落之间的逻辑连贯。
3. 合理使用连接词
- 使用适当的连接词来引导读者，例如：首先(Firstly)、其次(Secondly)、另外(Additionally)等。
- 这些连接词能够帮助文章的连贯性，使读者更容易跟随你的
思路。
4. 选择恰当的词汇和语法
- 避免使用复杂的词汇和语法，尽量使用简单明了的表达方式。
- 使用正确的时态和人称，并确保语法正确。
5. 使用例证和引用
- 使用例证和引用来支持你的观点，增加你的文章的可信度。
- 确保使用的例证和引用是可靠的，并标明出处。
6. 重点句式和表达
- 研究一些常用的句式和表达方式，使你的文章更有说服力。
- 例如：It is widely believed that... (广泛认为...)、As a result, ...(因此...)等。
7. 编辑和校对
- 在完成文章后，仔细检查和编辑文章。
- 检查拼写、语法和标点符号错误，并确保文章流畅。
以上是最全面英语写作技巧知识点归纳总结的精华版，希望对您的写作有所帮助。
大学生英语写作必备知识
1.记叙文的展开(1) Considering purpose and audience: keep in mind that your story should deal with an event ora topic that will appeal to your audience.(2) Development through prewriting: freewriting is a helpful prewriting technique. As you think about the story you want to relate, many ideas will crowd into your mind.(3) Development through revising.——摘自《美国大学英语写作》2.描写性文章的展开：选准话题，考虑读者The main purpose of a descriptive essay is to make readers see or hear, taste, smell or feel—what you are writing about. Vivid details are the key to descriptive essays, enabling your audience to picture and experience what you describe. As you start to think about your own descriptive essay, choose a topic that appeals to at least one of your senses. When selecting your topic, consider how much your audience already knows about it. Once you have selected your topic, focus on the goal or purpose of your essay.——摘自《美国大学英语写作》3.写作前的准备工作，应该考虑的一些问题(1)Understanding the nature and length of an assignment;(2)Knowing your subject;(3)Knowing your purpose and audience;(4)Determining your point of view;(5)Using peer review;(6)Doing a personal review.——摘自《美国大学英语写作》4.修改短文遵循四个原则(1)Unity;(2)Support;(3)Coherence;(4)Sentence skills.If you advance a single point and stick to that point, your paper will have unity; if you support the point with specific evidence, your paper will have support; if you organize and connect the specific evidence, your paper will have coherence; if you write clear, error-free sentences, your paper will demonstrate effective sentence skills.——摘自《美国大学英语写作》5.写作时要评估读者已有知识When writing an essay, try to remember that your instructor is not the only member of your audience. Although the instructor is often the only person who will read the finished product, customizing a paper to his or her level of knowledge can run the risk of leaving out importantinformation, since many instructors know more about your topic than the average reader would. In addition, omitting information that your instructor already knows can result in a weak or unbalanced paper. However, if you assume that your reader is less knowledgeable than you, you are likely to provide more details and better explanations, which usually results in a much stronger paper.——摘自《英语写作教程—从创新思维到批判思维》6.任务描写的两个目的Generally speaking, the objective of describing a person is twofold: to portray the person vividly so that readers can imagine what he or she looks like, and to show how the person is significant in your life. Although your writing will reveal something about yourself and your relationship with the person, the focus should remain fixed on the person you are describing—physical appearance, typical behavior, way of speaking, specific anecdotes, etc. For example, suppose that you want to write a descriptive essay about your grandfather. You decide to write about his physical appearance and ways of living. To achieve this, you might describe his rough and gnarled4 hands, a result of his lifelong labor, but you might also describe how he would hold your hands so gently with his rough hands when having a conversation or taking a walk with you.——摘自《英语写作教程—从创新思维到批判思维》7.倒着读，检查文章Proofreading means checking the final, edited draft of your paper closely for typos and other careless errors. A helpful strategy is to read your paper backward, from the last sentence to the first. This helps keep you from getting caught up in the flow of the paper and missing small mistakes.——摘自《美国大学英语写作》8.写记叙文时要注意事件时长When you write a personal narrative, the duration of the event about which you’re writing becomes a raw resource; you can use it, alter it, and control it. Of course, you could write a “straight” narrative that sticks closely to chronological time, but very few narrative topics work well this way. Think about it: you can read the body paragraphs of a 600-word essay in less than five minutes. Do you want to write your essay about a five-minute life experience? Perhaps, but searching for such a topic would truly restrict your opportunities.——摘自《英语写作教程—从创新思维到批判思维》9.描述过往经验的意义Why do we write about our past experiences? Perhaps out of nostalgia for the past, or perhaps to make sense of the past. When we write about significant events in our lives, we come to know ourselves better, bringing into focus what’s truly important to us and clarifying our beliefs and values. We also examine the forces—within ourselves and in our social structures—that have shaped our lives. In a word, a personal experience essay can help us explore, deepen, and complicate our perceptions of the world.——摘自《英语写作教程—从创新思维到批判思维》10.名言引用法国思想家、散文家Montaigne 曾说：“I quote others in order the better to express my own self.”。
(完整word版)大学英语写作教程重点
1.段落解释：is a unit of thought composed of sentences,smaller units of thought,that relate to a single topic.Paragraph divisions serve two very useful functions 2.A good paragraph is composed 组成 in such a way that it has :eachidea with nothing in the paragraph not covered by the topicit explores the main idea explicitly andconcretely,with plenty of details,examples,and explanations3.has sound internal structure.The qualities that indicate sound internal structure are unity,coherence,and completeness.4.怎样做到内容一致An excellent way of achieving unityis by means of the topic sentence.Properly used,the topic sentence forces the writer to adhere to and to sustain the point he is trying to establish5.标题句 the topic sentence properly used can achieve unity in the paragraph,which indicate the importance of the topic sentence;②the topic sentence6.第二个写作常识In short,a good topic sentence has a limited subject and a sharp focus,namely,a good topic sentence is not too general nor too narrow.A topic sentence that is too general requires much more than a paragraph to develop it.A coherence is connection and consistency.A coherent paragraph is one in which all the sentence are related logically and grammatically to make a whole that allows the reader to follow the writer’s train of thought step by step8．第三个写作常识 Just as topic sentenceshelp readers follow our ideas,other signals also help them understand what we have to say.When we write and when we revise,look for the areas that seem choppy or unconnected —that lack coherence.We can establish better coherence by using the following devices:pronoun reference,repetition ,and in a paragraph means that the topic is adequately developed by details,explanations,definitions,evidences,and the like,so that the reader is not left with only a fuzzy idea of what the writer means1第四个写作常识：Development of the main idea, then, is like enlarging a photograph to make the details clearer. So, development in the paragraph is as important as unity and coherence between skillful development helps us to stick to our subject and focus and to keep up the sense of oneness.2Inductive Pattern (归纳法概念)：In developing a paragraph by means of the inductive pattern of reasoning the writer presents particular instances of a like kind and leads them into valid generalization which serves as his topic sentence.3Deductive Pattern (演绎法概念)：In developing a paragraph by means of the deductive pattern the writer begins with a generalization(the topic sentence) and proceeds with specific elaboration or application of the general idea.4Inductive-deductive Pattern(归纳演绎法)：As the name indicates, in developing a paragraph by means of inductive-deductive pattern the writer first presents particular instances and a resulting generalization, then applies the generalization to a new instance. 5第五个写作常识：Sequences of development are not independent of types of development. The most important sequences of development are general to particular, particular to general, climactic, chronological, and spatial.6Climactic Sequence (层递顺序)：In a climactic sequence, the most intense or highest point of interest is saved for the final sentence, which may be, but is not necessarily, the topic sentence.7.Chronological Sequence (时间顺序):A chronological sequence is one in which earlier things precede later things; items are listed in the order in which they occur in time. The most obvious use of a chronological sequence is in telling a story. 8Spatial Sequence (空间顺序)：A spatial sequence is used in descriptions of various types. It starts the reader at a particular point and then moves logically in some direction, from one place to another.9第六个写作常识：The type of development is the way in which the main idea is supported-by details, definitions, statements of cause and effect, and so on.10段落展开方式：Among the most important types of paragraph development are development by detail, comparison and contrast, process, classification and partition, cause and effect, definition, and mixed development.11Development by Comparison and Contrast (比较和对比)：①a comparison shows how two or more things are alike; ②a contrast shows how they are different.12Development by Division and Classification (分类法和归类法)：Dividing and classifying information is central to the writing process. When we divide, we begin with a whole, a complete body of information or one idea, and break it into its parts. When we classify, we begin with many small observations and sort them into categories on the basisof their similarities.13第七个写作常识：Causal analysis involves the ability to see cause and effect relationships between two elements. In order to arrive at a cause, we need to distinguish among three kinds: necessary, sufficient and contributory.14第八个写作常识：Definitions are particularly important for limiting the intended meaning of abstract or technical terms. There are two types of definition: formal definition and extended definition. Formal definition includes the term itself, the class it belongs to, and the details that distinguish it from other items in its class.15第九个写作常识：As we have seen, a single paragraph often contains more than one type of development. Almost any kind of paragraph may include examples or illustrations. The important thing is to avoid switching abruptly and apparently without reason from one kind of development to another in the middle of a paragraph.16第十个写作常识：The introduction is probably the most important part of an essay. The introduction should agree in tone and style with the rest of the essay. It should be a natural part of it, not a different construction grafted on the top.。