园林景观专业英语词汇

园林景观专业英语词汇

规划planning

草图sketch；rough map

平面plan

剖面section

立面elevation

透视perspective

示意图diagram

容积率coverage

城市设计urban design; civic design

区域规划regional planning

步行轴ped axis

总体规划general planning; master planning

分区规划district planning

近期建立规划immediate plan

城市详细规划detailed planning

控制性详细规划control detailed planning

修建性详细规划site plan

居住区规划residential district planning

城市化urbanization

城市生态urban ecology

可持续开展sustainable development

历史文化名城保护规划Plan of Preservation of Historic Cities

旧城改建urban redevelopment

开发区development area

城市化水平urbanization level

城市群agglomeration

城镇体系urban system

卫星城satellite town

城市根底设施urban infrastructure

居民点settlement

市municipality; city

生态根底设施ecological infrastructure

牧场pasture

市域administrative region of a city

商业区commercial district

行政中心administration center

商业街commercial street

科技园technological region

校园规划campus planning

城市中心区urban center district

居住单元flat 历史地段history district

民政区域civil district

水警区waters guard district

居住区规划residential district planning

护林区ranger district

工业区industrial district

林木种子公园tree seed orchard

快速公路thruway

城市美学urban esthetics

游憩空间esplanade

系统工程systems engineering

城市更新理论urban renewal theory

绿地/绿化带greenbelt

绿化覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage 绿地率ratio of green space

工厂绿化landscaping within factory

广场绿化landscaping of square

居住区绿化landscaping of residential area

谷底植栽场improved vegetation & wild life

公共建筑绿化landscaping around public building

室内绿化indoor garden

城市绿化urban virescence

城市绿化系统urban green space system

公共绿地public green space

专用绿地specified green space

防护绿地green buffer

建筑空间architecture

剧院show place; theater

茶楼〔馆〕caff；tea shop

专卖店monopolistic shop

博物馆museum

电影院cinema；movie house

商场emporium; shopping mall

体育馆palaestra

青少年宫callan house; children’s palace

图书馆library

棋牌室relaxation room

健身房gymnasium

书店book store

客厅parlor

阳台balcony

浴室bathroom

橱柜cabinet

合院式建筑courtyard building

餐厅dining-room; dining hall

入口entrance

厨房kitchen

屋顶roof

小孩房kid room

儿童游乐室/玩具室dollhouse

起居室living room

门廊porch

更衣室change room

休息室pavilion

私家花园private garden

居民resident

共享地带shared zone

工人房servants hall

比例scale

元素element

会议中心conference center

园林景观view of the garden

乔木arbor

灌木shrub

铺石band stone

地下车库car park bellow

曲线形铺地curved paving bands

庭园cartilage; Garth

标志牌(sign) courtyard identification sign 庭院courtyard

瀑布fall

步道footpath

园桥garden bridge

园林garden and park

草本植物herbage

藤本植物liane

蔓本植物liana

砌石natural cut stone

铺地pave

亭，阁pavilion

榭pavilion on terrace 植被planting

花坛planting beds

大广场plaza

台platform

栈道deck promenade

灯柱pole lights

小水池pool

雕塑sculpture

小广场small square

小水景small water feature

林荫树shade trees

楼storied building

小溪流stream

行道树street trees

踏石stepping stone

踏步terrace steps

木制平台timber deck

草坪turf；grass

园廊veranda

空地void

水景waterscape

园墙wall in garden

滨水地区waterfront

茶亭tea house

木亭log cabin

遮阳亭shade structure

水岸edge

湾bay

渡口ferry

挡土墙retaining wall

人行道pavement

卵石pebble

半岛peninsula

常用的景观英文

1.主入口大门/岗亭(车行& 人行) MAIN ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )

2.次入口/岗亭(车行& 人行) 2ND ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )

3.商业中心入口ENTRANCE TO SHOPPING CTR.

4.水景WATER FEATURE

5.小型露天剧场MINI AMPHI-THEATRE

6.迎宾景观-1 WELCOMING FEATURE-1

7.观景木台TIMBER DECK (VIEWING)

8.竹园BAMBOO GARDEN

9.漫步广场WALKWAY PLAZA

10.露天咖啡廊OUT DOOR CAFE

11.巨大迎宾水景-2 GRAND WELCOMING FEATURE-2

12.木桥TIMBER BRIDGE

13.石景、水瀑、洞穴、观景台ROCK'SCAPE WATERFALL'S GROTTO/ VIEWING TERRACE

14.吊桥HANGING BRIDGE

15.休憩台地(低处) LOUNGING TERRACE (LOWER )

16.休憩台地(高处) LOUNGING TERRACE (UPPER )

17.特色踏步FEATURE STEPPING STONE

18.野趣小溪RIVER WILD

19.儿童乐园CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND

20.旱冰道SLIDE

21.羽毛球场BADMINTON COURT

22.旱景DRY LANDSCAPE

23.日艺园JAPANESE GARDEN

24.旱喷泉DRY FOUNTAIN

25.观景台VIEWING DECK

26.游泳池SWIMMING POOL

27.极可意JACUZZI

28.嬉水池WADING POOL

29.儿童泳池CHILDREN'S POOL

30.蜿蜒水墙WINDING WALL

31.石景雕塑ROCK SCULPTURE

32.中心广场CENTRAL PLAZA

33.健身广场EXERCISE PLAZA

34.桥BRIDGE

35.交流广场MEDITATING PLAZA

36.趣味树阵TREE BATTLE FORMATION

37.停车场PARING AREA

38.特色花架TRELLIS

39.雕塑小道SCULPTURE TRAIL

40.(高尔夫)轻击区PUTTING GREEN

41.高尔夫球会所GOLF CLUBHOUSE

42.每栋建筑入口ENTRANCE PAVING TO UNIT

43.篮球场BASKETBALL COURT

44.网球场TENNIS COURT

45.阶梯/种植槽TERRACING SEATWALL/PLANTER

46.广场MAIN PLAZA

47.森林、瀑布FOREST GARDEN WATERFALL

48.石景园ROCKERY GARDEN

49.旱溪DRY STREAM

50.凉亭PAVILION

51.户外淋浴OUTDOOR SHOWER

52.拉膜构造TENSILE STRUCTURE

53.台阶STAIR

54.高尔夫球车停车场PARKING ( GOLF CAR )

55.健身站EXERCISE STATION

56.晨跑小路JOGGING FOOTPATH

57.车道/人行道DRIVEWAY /SIDEWALK

58.人行漫步道PROMENADE

59.瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场) WATER FALL AND DANCING FOUNTAIN ( ENTRY PLAZA ) 60.特色入口ENTRY FEATURE 61.石景广场ROCKERY PLAZA

常用造价英语词汇

估算/费用估算：estimate/cost estimate;

估算类型：types of estimate;

详细估算：是偏差幅度最小的估算，defined estimate;

设备估算：equipment estimate;

分析估算：analysis estimate;

报价估算：roposal estimate;

控制估算：control estimate;

初期控制估算：interim control estimate/initial control estimate

批准的控制估算：initial approved cost

核定估算：check estimate

首次核定估算：first check estimate

二次核定估算：production check estimate

人工时估算：man hour estimate

材料费用/直接材料费用：material cost/direct material cost

设备费用/设备购置费用：equipment cost/purchased cost of equipment

散装材料费用/散装材料购置费用：bulk material cost/purchased cost of bulk material

施工费用：construction cost

施工人工费用：labor cost/construction force cost 设备安装人工费用：labor cost associated with

equipment

散装材料施工安装人工费用：labor cost associated with bulk materials

人工时估算定额：standard manhours

施工人工时估算定额：standard labor manhours 标准工时定额：standard hours

劳动生产率：labor productivity/productivity factor/productivity ratio

修正的人工时估算值：adjusted manhours

人工时单价：manhours rate

施工监视费用：cost of construction supervision 施工间接费用：cost of contruction indirects

分包合同费用/现场施工分包合同费用：subcontract cost/field subcontract cost

公司本部费用：home office cost

公司管理费用：overhead

非工资费用：non payroll

开车效劳费用：cost of start-up services

其他费用：other cost

利润/预期利润：profit/expected profit

效劳酬金：service gains

风险：risk

风险分析：risk analysis

风险备忘录：risk memorandum

未可预见费：contingency

根本未可预见费：average contingency

最大风险未可预见费：maximum risk contingency 用户变更/合同变更：cilent change/contract change

认可的用户变更：approved client change

待定的用户变更：pending client change

工程变更：project change

内部变更：internalchange

批准的变更：authoried change

强制性变更：mandatory change

选择性变更：optional change

内部费用转换：internal transfer

认可的预计费用：anticipated approved cost

涨价值：escalation

工程费用汇总报告：project cost summary report 工程实施费用状态报告：project operation cost status report

总价合同：lump sum contract

偿付合同：reimbursible contract 预算：budget

02.1 总论

2.0001 园林学landscape architecture, garden architecture

2.0002 造园学garden making, landscape gardening

2.0003 环境园艺学environmental horticulture 2.0004 欣赏园艺学ornamental horticulture

2.0005 园林艺术garden art

2.0006 园林美学garden aesthetics

2.0007 园林建筑学garden architecture

2.0008 园林建筑garden building

2.0009 园林工程garden engineering

2.0010 园林植物landscape plant

2.0011 欣赏植物ornamental plant

2.0012 盆景miniature landscape, penjing

2.0013 园林garden and park

2.0014 园林学史history of garden architecture 2.0015 园林规划garden planning, landscaping planning

2.0016 园林设计garden design

2.0017 园林机具设备gardening machine

2.0018 园林管理garden management

2.0019 园林生态landscape ecology

2.0020 绿化greening, planting

2.0021 环境绿化environmental greening

2.0022 绿地面积green area

2.0023 绿地率ratio of green space

2.0024 城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage 2.0025 工厂绿化factory greening, factory garden-ing

2.0026 街道绿化street greening, street planting 2.0027 车行道绿化driveway greening

2.0028 分车带绿化dividing stripe greening

2.0029 人行道绿化sidewalk greening

2.0030 群众绿化mass planting movement

2.0031 郊区绿化suburban greening

2.0032 公路绿化highway greening

2.0033 铁路绿化railway greening, railway planting

2.0034 堤岸种植bank planting

2.0035 阳台绿化balcony greening

2.0036 窗台绿化window-sill greening

2.0037 屋顶绿化roof greening

2.0038 垂直绿化vertical greening

2.0039 攀缘绿化climber greening

2.0040 桥头绿化bridgehead greening

2.0041 花园garden

2.0042 专类花园specified flower garden

2.0043 花园村garden village

2.0044 园林城市landscape garden city

2.0045 蔷薇园rose garden

2.0046 松柏园conifer garden

2.0047 球根园bulb garden

2.0048 宿根园perennial garden

2.0049 假山园rock garden, Chinese rockery 2.0050 狩猎场hunting ground

2.0051 街心花园street crossing center garden 2.0052 小游园petty street garden

2.0053 水景园water garden

2.0054 铺地园paved garden

2.0055 野趣园wild plants botanical garden

2.0056 野生植物园wild plants garden

2.0057 乡趣园rustic garden

2.0058 盆景园penjing garden, miniature landscape

2.0059 动物园zoo, zoological garden

2.0060 墓园cemetery garden

2.0061 沼泽园bog and marsh garden

2.0062 水生植物园aquatic plants garden

2.0063 学校园school garden

2.0064 室内花园indoor garden

2.0065 芳香花园fragrant garden

2.0066 盲人花园garden for the blind

2.0067 公园park, public park

2.0068 城市公园city park, urban park

2.0069 区公园regional park

2.0070 儿童公园children park

2.0071 体育公园sports park

2.0072 森林公园forest park

2.0073 纪念公园memorial park

2.0074 烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park

2.0075 综合公园comprehensive park

2.0076 文化公园cultural park 2.0077 文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park

2.0078 中央公园central park

2.0079 天然公园natural park

2.0080 海滨公园seaside park, seabeach park 2.0081 古迹公园historic site park

2.0082 河滨公园riverside park

2.0083 湖滨公园lakeside park

2.0084 路边公园roadside park, street park

2.0085 娱乐公园amusement park

2.0086 雕塑公园sculpture park

2.0087 休憩公园recreation park

2.0088 疗养公园sanatorium park

2.0089 国家公园national park

2.0090 邻里公园neighborhood park

2.0091 特种公园special park

2.0092 植物园botanical garden

2.0093 植物公园abeled plants park

2.0094 高山植物园alpine garden

2.0095 热带植物园tropical plants garden

2.0096 药用植物园medical plants garden, herb garden

2.0097 绿地green space

2.0098 公共绿地public green space

2.0099 单位绿地unit green area

2.0100 城市绿地urban green space

2.0101 街道广场绿地street and square green area

2.0102 居住区绿地residential quarter green area

2.0103 防护绿地green area for environmental protection

2.0104 郊区绿地suburban green space

2.0105 街坊绿地residential block green belt 2.0106 附属绿地attached green space

2.0107 生产绿地productive plantation area

2.0108 苗圃nursery

2.0109 风景landscape, scenery

2.0110 自然景观natural landscape

2.0111 人文景观human landscape, scenery of humanities

2.0112 草原景观prairie landscape

2.0113 山岳景观mountain landscape, alpine landscape

2.0114 地理景观geographical landscape

2.0115 湖泊景观lake view

2.0116 郊区景观suburban landscape

2.0117 地质景观geological landscape

2.0118 喀斯特景观karst landscape

2.0119 植物景观plants landscape, flora landscape

02.2.1 中国园林史

2.0120 中国古典园林classical Chinese garden 2.0121 中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden

2.0122 中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden 2.0123 中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden

2.0124 帝王宫苑imperial palace garden

2.0125 皇家园林royal garden

2.0126 私家园林private garden

2.0127 江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta 02.2.2 西方园林史

2.0128 西方古典园林western classical garden 2.0129 英国式园林English style garden

2.0130 中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden

2.0131 意大利式园林Italian style garden

2.0132 西班牙式园林Spanish style garden

2.0133 法兰西式园林French style garden

2.0134 勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre’s style garden 2.0135 文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa 2.0136 洛可可式园林Rococo style garden

2.0137 巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden

2.0138 庄园manor, villa garden

2.0139 廊柱园peristyle garden, patio

2.0140 绿廊xystus

2.0141 迷阵maze, labyrinth

02.2.3 典型中西园林

2.0142 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden

2.0143 灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden

2.0144 灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden

2.0145 阿房宫E-Pang Palace

2.0146 上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan

2.0147 未央宫Wei-Yang Palace

2.0148 洛阳宫Luoyang Palace 2.0149 华清官Hua-Qing Palace

2.0150 艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden

2.0151 圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden

2.0152 颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace

2.0153 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort

2.0154 苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden

2.0155 悬园Hanging Garden

2.0156 英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden

2.0157 凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park

2.0158 枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden

02.3 园林艺术

2.0159 景view, scenery, feature

2.0160 远景distant view

2.0161 近景nearby view

2.0162 障景obstructive scenery, blocking view 2.0163 借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing 2.0164 对景opposite scenery, view in opposite place

2.0165 缩景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery

2.0166 漏景leaking through scenery

2.0167 框景enframed scenery

2.0168 尾景terminal feature

2.0169 主景main feature

2.0170 副景secondary feature

2.0171 配景objective view

2.0172 夹景vista line, vista

2.0173 前景front view

2.0174 背景background

2.0175 景序order of sceneries

2.0176 景点feature spot, view spot

2.0177 仰视景观upward landscape

2.0178 俯视景观downward landscape

2.0179 季相景观seasonal phenomena

2.0180 气象景观meteorological diversity scenery

2.0181 视野visual field

2.0182 秋色fall color, autumn color

2.0183 园林空间garden space

2.0184 开敞空间wide open space, wide space 2.0185 封闭空间enclosure space

2.0186 意境artistic conception, poetic imagery 2.0187 苍古antiquity

2.0188 空灵spaciousness, airiness

2.0189 动观in-motion viewing

2.0190 静观in-position viewing

2.0191 视错觉visual illusion

2.0192 园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden 2.0193 对称平衡symmetrical balance

2.0194 不对称平衡asymmetrical balance

2.0195 左右对称bilateral symmetry

2.0196 辐射对称radial symmetry

2.0197 透景线perspective line

2.0198 轴线axis, axial line

2.0199 主轴main axis 2.0200 副轴auxiliary axis

2.0201 暗轴hidden axis, invisible axis

2.0202 树冠线skyline

2.0203 园林色彩艺术art of garden colors

2.0204 单色谐调monochromatic harmony

2.0205 复色谐调compound chromatic harmony 2.0206 比照色突出contrast colors accent

2.0207 近似色谐调approximate colors harmony 2.0208 暖色warm color

2.0209 冷色cool color

2.0210 色感color sense

2.0211 城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning

2.0212 绿地系统green space system

2.0213 公共绿地定额public green space quota 2.0214 公共绿地指标public green space norm 2.0215 绿地布局green space layout

2.0216 吸引圈attractive circle

2.0217 吸引距离attractive distance

2.0218 有效半径effective radius

2.0219 绿地资源green space resource

2.0220 绿地效果green space effect

2.0221 绿地规划程序planning procedure of the green space

2.0222 空间规划space planning

2.0223 形象规划image plan 2.0224 实施规划implementary plan

2.0225 必要生活空间necessary living space 2.0226 余暇生活空间leisure time living space 2.0227 利用频度usage frequency

2.0228 树种规划planning of trees and shrubs 2.0229 绿地类型type of green space

2.0230 环状绿型annular green space

2.0231 块状绿地green plot

2.0232 点状绿地green spot

2.0233 放射状绿地radiate green space

2.0234 楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space 2.0235 缓冲绿地buffer green space

2.0236 防音绿地noise proof green space

2.0237 科学景观论scientific landscape theory 2.0238 园林保存地reserve garden

2.0239 公园规划park planning

2.0240 园林总体规划garden master planning

2.0241 总平面规划site planning

2.0242 园林分区garden zoning

2.0243 安静休息区tranquil rest area

2.0244 儿童活动区children playing space

2.0245 儿童游戏场children playground, playlot 2.0246 体育运动区sports activities area

2.0247 野餐区picnic place

2.0248 散步区pedestrian space

2.0249 群众集会区mass meeting square

2.0250 欣赏植物区ornamental plants area

2.0251 欣赏温室区display greenhouse area, display conservatory area

2.0252 草坪区lawn space

2.0253 绿荫区shade tree section

2.0254 历史古迹区historical relics area

2.0255 青少年活动区youngsters activities area 2.0256 诱鸟区bird sanctuary area

2.0257 钓鱼区fishing center

2.0258 野营区camp site

2.0259 游人中心visitors center

2.0260 效劳中心service center

2.0261 探险游乐场adventure ground

2.0262 文化活动区cultural activities area

2.0263 道路系统approach system, road system 2.0264 环形道路系统circular road system

2.0265 方格形道路系统latticed road system 2.0266 放射形道路系统radiate road system 2.0267 自然式道路系统informal road system 2.0268 规整式道路系统formal road system

2.0269 混合式道路系统mixed style road system

2.0270 园林规划图garden planning map

2.0271 园林规划说明书garden planning direction

2.0272 城市公园系统urban park system

2.0273 公园分布distribution of parks

2.0274 公园类型park type, park category

2.0275 公园间距distance between parks

2.0276 公园形式park styles

2.0277 游览区excursion area, open-to-public area

2.0278 非游览区no-admittance area

2.0279 办公区administrative area

2.0280 效劳区service center

2.0281 动休息区dynamic rest space

2.0282 静休息区static rest space

2.0283 娱乐演出区entertaining performance place

2.0284 主要入口main entrance

2.0285 次要入口secondary entrance

2.0286 人流量visitors flowrate

2.0287 车流量vehicle flowrate

2.0288 公园道路park road

2.0289 公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio

2.0290 游人容纳量visitors capacity

2.0291 风景资源调查landscape resource evaluation

2.0292 风景学scenicology

2.0293 风景规划landscape plan

2.0294 风景设计landscape design

2.0295 游览路线touring route

2.0296 旅游资源tourism resource

2.0297 旅游地理tourism geography

2.0298 旅游地质tourism geology

2.0299 历史名城famous historical city

2.0300 文化名城famous cultural city

2.0301 文化遗址ancient cultural relic

2.0302 天然博物馆natural open museum

2.0303 风景地貌natural geomorphology 2.0304 造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration

2.0305 风景区scenic spot, scenic area

2.0306 风景名胜famous scenery, famous scenic site

2.0307 特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area

2.0308 民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs

2.0309 高山风景区alpine scenic spot

2.0310 海滨风景区seabeach scenic spot

2.0311 森林风景区forest scenic spot

2.0312 高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot

2.0313 峡谷风景区valley scenic spot

2.0314 江河风景区river landscape district

2.0315 湖泊风景区lake round scenic spot

2.0316 温泉风景区hot spring scenic spot

2.0317 瀑布风景区waterfall scenic spot

2.0318 禁伐禁猎区region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting

2.0319 封山育林区region closed for afforestation

2.0320 天池风景区crater lake scenic spot

2.0321 自然保护区nature protection area

2.0322 科学保护区protection area for scientific research

2.0323 天然纪念物natural monument

2.0324 生物圈保护区biosphere protection area 02.5 园林设计

2.0325 园林设计师landscape architect, garden designer

2.0326 园址测量图garden site survey map

2.0327 地形图topographic map, contour map 2.0328 种植设计planting design

2.0329 地形改造设计topographical reform design

2.0330 种植大样图detail planting design

2.0331 造价分析cost analysis

2.0332 园林形式garden style

2.0333 规整式园林formal garden style

2.0334 非规整园林informal garden style

2.0335 几何式园林geometric garden style

2.0336 自然式园林natural garden style

2.0337 混合式园林mixed garden style

2.0338 近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style

2.0339 马克斯抽象园林R.B. Marx abstract garden

2.0340 园林区划garden area division

2.0341 园林分区规划garden block planning 2.0342 庭院花园courtyard garden

2.0343 前庭front yard, forecourt

2.0344 后庭back yard, rear yard

2.0345 中庭patio

2.0346 厨园kitchen yard

2.0347 沉[床]园sunken garden

2.0348 窗园window garden

2.0349 墙园wall garden

2.0350 宅园home garden

2.0351 台地园terrace garden

2.0352 冬园winter garden

2.0353 切花园cut flower garden

2.0354 屋顶花园roof garden

2.0355 后花园back yard garden

2.0356 园林地形改造topographical reform of garden

2.0357 土山earth piled hill, artificial mound

2.0358 假山rockery, artificial rockwork

2.0359 太湖石Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone

2.0360 黄石yellowish brown stone

2.0361 人造假山石artificial stone, man-made stone

2.0362 孤赏石monolith, standing stone

2.0363 掇山piled stone hill, hill making

2.0364 叠石stones laying

2.0365 板石flag stone

2.0366 散点石scattered stone

2.0367 抱角石corner stone

2.0368 屋基石foundation stone

2.0369 排衙石guard stone

2.0370 屏石screen stone

2.0371 石岸rock bank

2.0372 石阶stone steps

2.0373 汀步stepping stone on water surface 2.0374 附壁石stone appended to wall

2.0375 石花台stone flower bed 2.0376 石凳stone bench

2.0377 假山石挡土墙rock retaining wall

2.0378 干砌石dry stone wall

2.0379 假山石楼梯rock stairway

2.0380 石亭stone pavilion

2.0381 石洞stone cavern

2.0382 石窟grotto

2.0383 置石stone arrangement, stone layout 2.0384 拱石arch stone

2.0385 拱顶石key stone

2.0386 园林水景water scenes of garden

2.0387 水体water body

2.0388 水面water surface

2.0389 水池pool

2.0390 水塘pond

2.0391 喷泉fountain

2.0392 喷水池fountain pool

2.0393 涉水池wading pool

2.0394 倒影池mirror pool, reflecting pool

2.0395 睡莲池water-lily pool

2.0396 喷水管布置piping schema

2.0397 钓鱼塘fishing pond

2.0398 高水位池塘high water table pond

2.0399 池边坐人矮墙seat wall surrounded pool 2.0400 隐头喷泉secret fountain

2.0401 岛园island garden

2.0402 半岛园peninsula garden

2.0403 小岛isle

2.0404 瀑布waterfall

2.0405 小瀑布cascade

2.0406 湖lake

2.0407 矶rock projecting over water

2.0408 水帘洞water curtain cave

2.0409 园桥garden bridge

2.0410 拱桥arch bridge

2.0411 石板桥stone slab bridge

2.0412 木板桥plank bridge

2.0413 圆木桥log bridge

2.0414 亭桥pavilion bridge

2.0415 曲桥zigzag bridge

2.0416 壁泉wall fountain

2.0417 饮水喷头drinking fountain

2.0418 植物配植plant arrangement

2.0419 树木配植arrangement of trees and

shrubs

2.0420 群植group planting, mass planting

2.0421 孤植specimen planting, isolated planting

2.0422 丛植clump planting

2.0423 组植group planting

2.0424 林植forest planting

2.0425 列植linear planting

2.0426 对植opposite planting, coupled planting 2.0427 环植circular planting

2.0428 带植belt planting

2.0429 散植scattered planting, loose planting 2.0430 边缘种植edge planting

2.0431 边界种植boundary planting

2.0432 整形种植architectural planting

2.0433 根底种植foundation planting

2.0434 角隅种植corner planting

2.0435 景框种植planting as enframent

2.0436 门卫种植guard planting

2.0437 篱恒种植fence planting

2.0438 障景种植screen planting

2.0439 背景种植background planting

2.0440 林下种植underwood planting

2.0441 路边种植roadside planting

2.0442 绿篱hedge

2.0443 树墙espalier

2.0444 庭荫树shade tree

2.0445 园景树specimen tree

2.0446 风景林amenity forest, ornamental forest 2.0447 行道树avenue tree, street tree

2.0448 纪念林memorial forest

2.0449 整型树topiary tree

2.0450 花篱flower hedge’

2.0451 刺篱thorny plants hedge

2.0452 常绿绿篱evergreen hedge

2.0453 落叶绿篱deciduous hedge

2.0454 高篱high hedge

2.0455 沟中边篱hah-hah fence

2.0456 图案矮篱pattern dwarf hedge

2.0457 迷宫绿篱labyrinth hedge

2.0458 整剪绿篱clipped hedge

2.0459 自然式花篱natural flowering hedge 2.0460 边篱boundary fence

2.0461 园篱garden fence, garden hedge

2.0462 纯林pure forest

2.0463 混交林mixed forest

2.0464 林间隙地open space in woodland

2.0465 杂木林spinney

2.0466 树冠覆盖面tree canopy

2.0467 草坪lawn

2.0468 整形草坪formal lawn

2.0469 开花草坪flowering lawn

2.0470 牧场草坪meadowy land

2.0471 花坛flower bed

2.0472 路边花坛roadside flower bed

2.0473 带状花坛ribbon flower bed

2.0474 时钟花坛flower clock

2.0475 盆栽花坛potted flower bed, basined flower bed

2.0476 高设花台raised flower bed

2.0477 毛毡花坛carpet bed

2.0478 镶嵌花坛mosaic bed

2.0479 铺石花坛paved bed

2.0480 灌木花坛shrub bed

2.0481 图案花坛群parterre

2.0482 草药花坛herbaceous flower bed

2.0483 花结花坛knot bed

2.0484 整形花坛formal flower bed

2.0485 花境flower border

2.0486 花桶flower tub

2.0487 植树箱planting box

2.0488 活动花坛movable flower bed

2.0489 瓶饰garden vase

2.0490 灌木花境shrub border

2.0491 混合花境mixed border

2.0492 园林道路设计garden road design, garden path design

2.0493 漫步路trail, footway

2.0494 小径alley, path

2.0495 川草坪岛lawn island

2.0496 平安岛traffic island, refuge island

2.0497 转弯曲度turning curvature

2.0498 转弯半径turning radius

2.0499 踏面landing pitch

2.0500 步石stepping stone

2.0501 涉水踏步wading step

2.0502 错铺路crazy paving path

2.0503 随意组合方石板路flag stone path paved at random

2.0504 花纹路pattern path

2.0505 林荫路mall

2.0506 林荫大道boulevard

2.0507 花园路parkway

2.0508 林间小道path in woodland

2.0509 种植池planting bed

2.0510 树池保护格栅tree grate

2.0511 树干保护套栏tree guard

2.0512 树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surrounded planting

2.0513 路面线纹score line

2.0514 传统园林建筑traditional garden building

2.0515 凉亭summer shelter

2.0516 活树亭arbor, tent arbor

2.0517 蘑菇亭mushroom pavilion

2.0518 茅亭thatched pavilion

2.0519 竹亭bamboo pavilion

2.0520 茶亭tea booth, tea kiosk

2.0521 回廊cloister

2.0522 水廊corridor on water

2.0523 曲廊zigzag veranda

2.0524 扒山廊sloping gallery

2.0525 楼廊two-storied gallery

2.0526 画舫painted pleasure boat

2.0527 石舫stone boat

2.0528 不击舟immovable pleasure boat

2.0529 诗条石poem-engraved stone slab

2.0530 月洞门moon gate

2.0531 扶手栏杆handrail

2.0532 坐凳栏杆seat rail

2.0533 石碑stone tablet, stele

2.0534 园林露天剧场open garden theater

2.0535 园林露天舞池open garden dancing place

2.0536 露天音乐台outdoor music stand

2.0537 眺望台prospect deck

2.0538 繁殖温室plant propagation greenhouse 2.0539 展览温室public conservatory

2.0540 月池new-moon pool

2.0541 园林小品small garden ornaments

2.0542 磁砖壁画painted tile mural tablet

2.0543 园椅garden chair, garden seat

2.0544 园凳garden bench

2.0545 园桌garden table

2.0546 园灯garden lamp

2.0547 日规sundial

2.0548 鸟浴bird bath

2.0549 鸟舍bird cottage, nestle box

2.0550 鸟笼bird cage, bird coop

2.0551 悬篮hanging basket

2.0552 野鸟喂食器bird feeder

2.0553 额匾horizontal inscribed board

2.0554 楹联couplet written on scroll, couplet on pillar

2.0555 引露天烤炉open barbecue

2.0556 树棚living-tree pergola

2.0557 花架pergola

2.0558 花格架trellis, treillage

2.0559 点景牌楼naming pailou, decorated archway

2.0560 园林施工garden layout, garden construction

2.0561 种植工程planting engineering

2.0562 大树移植big tree transplanting

2.0563 裸根移植bare root transplanting

2.0564 土球移植ball transplanting

2.0565 沟植trench planting

2.0566 假植heeling in, temporary planting

2.0567 播种草坪seeding lawn

2.0568 铺草皮块草坪sodding lawn

2.0569 假山工程rockery engineering

2.0570 掇山五法five methods" of rock piling 2.0571 等分平衡法method of making the rock equa-tional and balanced

2.0572 前轻后重法method of making the front part of rock lighter than the back part

2.0573 上轻下重法method of lowering the center of gravity of rocks

2.0574 纹理统一法method of unifying the rock veins

2.0575 石料统一法method of unifying the rock

mate-rials

2.0576 欣赏树木ornamental tree and shrub 2.0577 观叶植物foliage plant

2.0578 观果植物fruit-effect plant

2.0579 观枝干植物plants with ornamental trunks and branches

2.0580 指示植物indicating plant

2.0581 主景植物accent plant

2.0582 耐湿植物damp tolerant plant

2.0583 抗风植物wind-resistant plant

2.0584 耐盐碱植物saline-alkali tolerant plan

t2.0585 市花city flower

2.0586 市树city tree

2.0587 国花national flower

2.0588 国树national tree

2.0589 芳香植物fragrant plant

2.0590 抗污染植物pollution resistant plant

2.0591 环保植物environment protecting plant 2.0592 高山植物alpine plant

2.0593 岩生植物rock plant

2.0594 攀缘植物climbing plant, climber

2.0595 地被植物ground cover plant

2.0596 阴生植物shade plant

2.0597 装饰植物decorative plant

2.0598 装缘植物edging plant

2.0599 绿蓠植物hedge plant

2.0600 草坪植物lawn plant, lawn grass

2.0601 花坛植物bedding plant

2.0602 球根植物bulbous plant

2.0603 宿根植物perennial plant, perennial

2.0604 水生植物aquatic plant, hydrophyte

2.0605 旱生植物xerophyte

2.0606 沼泽植物bog plant, swamp plant

2.0607 室内装饰植物indoor decorative plant, house plant

2.0608 切花cut flower

2.0609 垂枝植物pendulous plant, weeping plant

2.0610 缠绕植物twiner, twinning plant

2.0611 针叶植物needle-leaved plant

2.0612 阔叶植物broad-leaved plant

2.0613 斑叶植物variegate-leaved plant

2.0614 松柏植物conifer

2.0615 常绿植物evergreen plant 2.0616 半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant

2.0617 不耐寒植物tender plant

2.0618 半耐寒植物half-hardy plant

2.0619 耐寒植物hardy plant

2.0620 耐旱植物drought enduring plant

2.0621 山石材料stone material

2.0622 昆山石Kunshan stone

2.0623 钟乳石stalactite

2.0624 灵壁石Lingbi stone

2.0625 英德石Yingde stone

2.0626 青石Qing stone

2.0627 宣石Xuan stone

2.0628 房山石Fangshan stone

2.0629 欣赏动物ornamental animal

2.0630 欣赏鸟类ornamental bird

2.0631 欣赏兽类ornamental beast

2.0632 欣赏昆虫类ornamental insect

02.8 园林机具设备

2.0633 园林机械garden machine

2.0634 园林工具garden instrument, garden implement

2.0635 园林设备garden equipment

2.0636 花坛分界隔板plastic bed divider

2.0637 种植容器planting container

2.0638 圆木桩log peg

2.0639 喷射装置jet bubbler

2.0640 滴灌trickle irrigator, drip irrigator

2.0641 环动喷灌器circle sprinkler

2.0642 圆筒喷灌器rotor sprinkler

2.0643 自控器automatic controller

2.0644 管端喷灌器hose end sprinkler

2.0645 固定喷灌器stationary sprinkler

2.0646 喷雾喷灌器mist sprinkler, spray head sprinkler

2.0647 喷灌覆盖面sprinkler coverage

2.0648 草坪加肥器lawn feeder

2.0649 施肥喷灌器combined feeder and sprinkler

2.0650 液肥混合调配器liquid fertilizer mixer-proportioner

2.0651 滴水喷头emitter, dripper

2.0652 水土保持塑料网erosion control plastic net

2.0653 苗木包装材料nursery stock package material

2.0654 麻布袋burlap bag

2.0655 铁丝篮wire basket

2.0656 篮状种植器basket container

2.0657 塑料苗木桶plastic nurserican

2.0658 播种盘seed tray

2.0659 网孔盆mesh pot

2.0660 含肥泥炭盆fertile peat pot

2.0661 盆栽机potting machine

2.0662 换盆机repotting machine

2.0663 再生纸种植器reclaimed paper container

2.0664 纤维育苗器wood fiber plant grower 2.0665 泥炭压制播种饼peat seeding pellet, peat seeding starter

2.0666 松土除草机cultivator

2.0667 旋转锄rotary hoe

2.0668 切叶机foliage cutter

2.0669 翻地犁uncovering plough

2.0670 盖土机mounted spreader

2.0671 前悬装土机front mounted loader

2.0672 后缀装土机rear mounted loader

2.0673 旋轴剪草机spindle mower

2.0674 栽植机planting machine

2.0675 植物覆盖plant mulching

2.0676 覆盖物分散机mulch spreader

2.0677 种子液肥喷洒机hydro seeder

2.0678 修枝剪pruning shear

2.0679 播种器garden seeder

2.0680 球根种植器bulb planter

2.0681 土壤酸度探测器pH-value computer 2.0682 巴效分析器fertilizer analyzer

2.0683 嫁接刀grafting knife

2.0684 温室设备greenhouse equipment

2.0685 盆栽灌水系统pot watering system

2.0686 温室气候控制器greenhouse climate controller

2.0687 温室覆盖greenhouse covering

2.0688 喷雾自控系统automatic mist control system

2.0689 二氧化碳发生器C02 generator 2.0690 温度报警钟temperature alarm

2.0691 游览车park sightseeing bus

2.0692 引剪草机lawn mower

2.0693 动力剪草机power lawnmower

2.0694 畜力剪草机horse lawnmower

2.0695 手推剪草机hand lawnmower

2.0696 游人调查visitors investigation

2.0697 游人统计visitors statistics

2.0698 游人分析garden visitors analysis

2.0699 游人管理visitors management

2.0700 导游图tourist map

2.0701 导游讲解tour descri ption and direction 2.0702 劳动管理labour management

2.0703 物资管理material handling, goods handling

2.0704 设备管理equipment management, facility management

2.0705 财务管理financial management

2.0706 平安管理safety management

2.0707 环境监测environmental monitor

2.0708 植物养护管理plant maintenance and management

2.0709 园林技术管理garden technical management

2.0710 质量管理quality management

2.0711 园貌维修garden feature maintenance 2.0712 植物整形修剪plant trimming and pruning

2.0713 植物病虫防治disease and insect control

2.0714 园林管理规划management plan

2.0715 游人意见处理treatment of visitors opinions

2.0716 游人规那么visitors regulation

2.0717 园内交通管理traffic control in park

2.0718 园外交通管理traffic control out of park entrance

2.0719 汽车停车规那么parking rules

2.0720 自行车停放规那么bicycle parking rules 2.0721 开放时间opening time

2.0722 日常清洁卫生管理daily sanitation and hygiene management

2.0723 人类生态环境human ecological environment

2.0724 自然系统natural system

2.0725 自然资源natural resource

2.0726 自然保护conservation of nature

2.0727 自然保存natural preservation

2.0728 环境保护environmental protection

2.0729 环境容量environment capacity

2.0730 环境适宜性environment fitness

2.0731 环境空气质量标准ambient air quality 2.0732 共生symbiosis

2.0733 互惠共生mutualism

2.0734 公害public nuisance

2.0735 生态绝灭ecological extinction

2.0736 生态系统ecosystem

2.0737 生态圈ecosphere

2.0738 生态灾难ecological disaster

2.0739 环境质量environmental quality

2.0740 环境压力environment stress

2.0741 生命维持系统life-support system

2.0742 反应系统feedback system

2.0743 自养生物autotroph

2.0744 异养生物heterotroph

2.0745 食物链foodchain

2.0746 生物圈biosphere

2.0747 濒危植物endangered plant, threatened plant

2.0748 主体群落major community

2.0749 人工群落artificial community

2.0750 绿色革命green revolution

2.0751 户外娱乐资源outdoor recreation resource

2.0752 原始环境系统wilderness environment system

2.0753 近代环境系统modern environment system

2.0754 乡村生活模式country life-pattern

2.0755 烟害smoke pollution, fume pollution 2.0756 雾害fog pollution

2.0757 霜害frost injury

2.0758 水污染water pollution

2.0759 土壤污染soil pollution, soil contamination

2.0760 园林小气候garden microclimate 2.0761 环境保护植物environmental conservation plant

2.0762 引气候调节climatic regulation

2.0763 自动调节机能homeostasis

2.0764 生态平衡ecological homeostasis

2.0765 森林生态系统forest ecosystem

2.0766 草原生态系统prairie ecosystem

2.0767 滞尘植物dust holding plant

其他：

A

Accessibility 可达性

Accessible route 易达的路线

advance notice 事先通知

aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量

aerobic digesters 需氧消化池

aesthetic considerations 审美方面的考虑

brick and concrete block walls 砖和混凝土砌块墙

stone walls 石头墙

wood and metal fences 木头和金属栅栏aesthetic controls 审美控制

aggregate base 混合根底

AIA 美国建筑师协会

Anaerobic digesters 厌氧分解池

APA 美国规划师协会

arterial streets 主干道

as-built records 施工记录

ASLA 美国景观建筑师协会

athletic facility 运动设施

average walking distance 平均步行距离axioms 原理

B

backfill 回填

backhoe 挖沟机

bar charts 横道图

barrier design 障碍设计

beams 大梁

bearing capacity 承载力

benchmarks 水准点

billing 帐簿

biodiversity 生物多样性

bioengineering 生物工程

biomass 生物量

bioretention ponds 生物滞留池

boardwalks 栈桥

bonding company 担保公司

bonuses 奖金

boundary definition 边界确定

boundary survey 边界测量

brown fields 褐色土地

bulldozers 推土机

business development 商业开发

business parks 商业园区

C

cadastral survey 地籍测量

camping 野营

candlepower 烛光度

cantilevered wall 悬臂墙

cascading waterfalls瀑布叠水

certificates of payment 付款证明书certifications of compliance 应允证明书cesspools 化粪池，污水坑，污水渗井，粪坑change orders 变更单

changes, unauthorized 未经同意的变更channels, stormwater 雨水沟渠，槽，渠道circulation control 循环控制

circulation patterns 环流模式

clay lenses 粘土防渗层

clay soil 粘土

clean-up 清扫，清理，去除，提纯，净化clearing and grubbing 清理和除根

client 业主

climate zones 气候带

closeout 竣工

cluster treatment systems 集中式污水处理系统co-ordinates 坐标

cold 寒带

collected rainwater 收集起来的雨水

collector streets 次干道

colloidal soil 胶质土壤

commercial center design 商业中心设计communication 电信

community commercial 社区商业

community facility standards 社区设施标准community parks and recreation planning data 社区公园和文娱体育规划资料

community scale 社区尺度

community standards 社区标准

compaction 压实

competition pools 竞赛用游泳池

composting toilets 堆肥厕所

conceptualization 概念化

concrete crib wall 混凝土格笼墙

cones of vision 视锥

connected imperviousness 连续的非渗透地面conservation standards 保护标准

constructed wetlands 人工湿地

construction 施工

brick and concrete block walls 砖和混凝土砌块墙

stone walls 石头墙

wood and metal fences 木头和金属栅栏construction document 施工文件

construction layout 施工布局

construction observation 施工监理construction permits 施工许可

construction sequence 施工顺序

construction survey 施工测量

contingencies 临时费

contingency allowance 临时津贴

contract 合同

responsibilities 责任

types of 类型

unauthorized changes 未经同意的变更

contract documents 合同文件

control points 控制点

conveyance techniques, stormwater 雨水的输送技术

corrective observation 校正性〔补救性，修正性〕检查〔监理〕

corridors 廊道

cost data 造价数据

cost estimate components 造价估算内容equipment costs 设备费

equipment crew costs 设备人工费

general requirements costs 一般要求的费用labor cost 人工费

location 位置，地点

material 材料

overtime 加班费

productivity 生产率

project scale 工程规模

quantity take-off methods 起点数量法

cost estimating 造价估算

cost plus 造价累计

court games 场地运动

court surface 运动场地地面

CPM 关键路径法

Critical Path Method. See CPM 关键路径法，见CPM

CSI 施工标准原理

culverts 涵洞，暗沟，管道

cut operations 挖方工程

D

datum 数据

decking平台面，铺板

decks平台，甲板

basic components 根本内容

design requirements 设计要求

estimating design load 估算设计荷载

framing method 构造方法

plank-and-beam framing 厚木板梁框架platform framing 平台框架

material 材料

hardware 五金件

wood 木料，木材

site analysis 场地分析

span tables 跨度表

structural design 构造设计

decks, function of 平台的功能

deferred maintenance 延期维修〔维护〕demolition, general 整体破坏

demolition ,selective 选择性破坏

density 密度

design development 设计扩初，设计深化design framework 设计框架

design impacts 设计影响

design quality 设计质量

design speed 设计速度

detail scale 细部尺度

detention ponds 滞留池development 开发

industrial. See industrial development 工业，见工业开发

residential. See residential development 居住，见居住开发

development programming 开发方案development types, industrial and business 开发类型，工业和商业

dimensional Criteria 标注标准

dimensions 标注

dimension of human figures 人体尺度

direct labor 直接人工费

disconnected imperviousness 不连续的非渗透地面

disposal 处理，处置，排除，去除

DL. See direct labor DL.见直接人工费drainage 排水，流域面积，排洪，排水系统drinking water 饮用水

dry detention ponds 干滞池

durability 耐久性

E

Eames, Charles and Ray 查理•埃姆斯和雷earthwork 土方

ecological impact 生态影响

economic impact 经济影响

edge habitat 边缘栖息地

edge restraint 边缘限制

electrical lines 电力线

embodied energy 蕴藏能量

endwalls 尾墙

energy 能量

embodied. See embodied energy 具体化的，见蕴藏能量，具体能量

energy costs 能量造价

environmental impact analysis 环境影响分析environmental impact statement (EIS) 环境影响报告书〔EIS〕

scoping process 确定范围程序

environmental modification 环境修复equipment costs 设备费

equipment crew costs 设备人工费

equivalents 相等物，等同物

estimating 估算

stormwater runoff 雨水径流[量]

estimating water flows 估算水流量

evaluation 评价

evapotranspiration rate 土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量速率

exotic plant species 外来植物物种

eye levels 视平线

F

fabric reinforcement 纤维加固，织物加强件facilities planning data 设施规划数据feasibility planning 可行性规划

federal regulations 联邦标准

flood protection 防洪

historic preservation 历史保存

National Environmental Policy Act〔NEPA〕国家环境政策法案(NEPA)

NPDES general permits NPDES一般性许可Section 10 permit 第10条许可

Section 404 permit 第404条许可

fee 费用

cost plus fixed 固定费用之和

lump sum 总数，总合

retainer 律师费

fences and walls 栅栏和围墙

fences, wood and metal 栅栏，木栅栏和金属栅栏

components 组分，内容

construction 施工

aesthetic considerations 审美方面的考虑structural considerations 构造方面的考虑

field orders 现场通知单

field sports 田径运动

field surfaces 田径运动场地面

field surveys 现场测量

fill operations 填方工程

fill, general 一般性填方

filter strips 滤器，滤池，过滤，滤水

filtration 过滤

filtration systems 过滤系统

finish grading 设计标高

flexible pavement 柔性地面铺装

flood protection 防洪

follow ups 连续footage 尺长

footcandle 英尺烛光

footing drains 基座处排水，立足点排水footings 立足点

forward spatial bubbles

foundations 根底

fragmentation 破碎

Freeway or Distributor Systems 高速路或分配者系统

French drains 法式排水

friction coefficient 摩擦系数

frost depth 结冻深度，冰冻深度

frost-thaw cycle 结冻-融化周期

functional requirement 功能要求

G

garden pool 花园游泳池

general conditions 一般情况

general contractor 总承包商

general demolition 整体破坏

general fill 总填方

general requirements 一般要求

general requirements costs 一般要求的费用general roadway standards 一般道路标准geodetic survey 测地学测量

GIS 地理信息系统

golf and driving ranges 高尔夫和高尔夫练习场grading 场地平整

granular soil粒状土壤

gravity wall 重力墙

graywater 灰水

greenfields 绿色用地，绿色土地

ground covers 地被植物

groundwater protection 地下水保护groundwater recharge 地下水补给groundwater resources 地下水资源，地下水储量growing season 生长期

guarantees 抵押物

H

hand level 手动水平仪

handrailings 扶手

hazardous plants 有毒植物

headwalls 头墙

heavy duty 重型的，责任重大的

herbaceous plants 草本植物

highway 高速公路

historic preservation 历史保存

horizontal alignment 平面设计

hot arid 炎热枯燥

hot humid 炎热潮湿

hydrographic survey 水文测量

hydrologic cycle 水文周期

I

illuminance 亮度

impervious surface ratio 不渗透地面比例industrial development 工业开发

industrial parks 工业园区

infiltration beds 渗透床

infiltration ponds 渗透池

infiltration wells 渗透井

infiltration, stormwater 雨水渗透

inspection 检查

installation 安装

Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) 保险赔偿比例地图

interpretation 注释，解释

invasive species 入侵物种

irrigation 灌溉

irrigation ponds 灌溉池塘

irrigation systems 灌溉系统

irrigation water, sources of 灌溉水水源

J

job meetings 工作会议

joists 托梁

L

labor costs 人工费

lagoons 塘

lamp characteristics 灯具的特点

landscape assessment 景观评价

Landscape Coefficient(KL) 景观系数〔KL〕landscape planning 景观规划

landscape planning strategies 景观规划对策landscape plantings, calculating water景观种植用水量的计算

large-scale sites 大型场地

layout and surveying 布局和测量

layout methods 布局方法

layout plans 平面图，布局平面

layout requirements 布局要求

layout survey 布局测量

leaching fields 沥滤场

light depreciation 不强烈的抗议

light duty 轻型的

lighting 照明

atmosphere and character 气氛和特征orientation and identification 方位和识别

safety and security 平安和治安

limit-of-work line 工作期限

local or minor streets 当地的或小街道

local regulations 当地标准〔规定〕

aesthetic controls 审美控制

construction permits 施工许可

planned unit development regulation 有规划的单元开发标准〔规定〕

subdivision regulations 〔土地〕再细分标准〔规定〕

zoning regulations分区规划标准〔规定〕rezoning 再分区规划

variances 变动

lumen 流明

luminance 亮度

lump sum fee 总费用

lux 勒克司〔国际单位制的照明单位，即米烛光〕Lyle, John Tillman 约翰•蒂尔曼•莱尔

M

magnetic declination 磁力偏差

maintenance and disposal 维修和处理maintenance period 维修期

maneuvering patterns 运行方式

map projections 地图投影

map scale 制图比例

markup 涨价

master planning 总体规划

MASTERFORMAT 雇主表格

material costs 材料费

material lifecycle cost estimates 材料生命周期造价估算

material samples 材料样品

material selection 材料选择

measures of intensity 强度衡量

residential development 居住开发

retail commercial development 零售商业开发mechanics lien 机械扣押权

release 让度证书

medium duty 中型

medium-scale sites 中型场地

metes and bounds 界石和边界限

metric ratio 公制比例

mitigation strategies, stormwater 缓解措施，暴雨

mobilization cost 流通费

moisture content 湿度，含水量，水汽含量monolithic pavement 整体路面，整体铺装moonlighting 月光式照明

movement criteria 移动标准

multi-family housing 多户住宅

municipal sewer systems 市政排水系统

N

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) 国家环境政策法案，简称(NEPA)

natural drainageways 自然排水道

natural resources 自然资源

needs assessment 需求评估

negotiation 协议，商议，协商

neighborhood commercial 邻里商业neighborhood scale 邻里尺度

net positive suction head 净吸真空高度noxious plants 有毒植物

NEPA general permits 国家环境政策法案的一般许可

O

office parks 办公园区

OH. See overhead OH. 见经常性开支

on-site treatment systems 分散式污水处理系统open space ratio 开敞空间比例orientation 超向，方位

ornamental ponds 欣赏性水池ornamental pools 欣赏性水池

overhead 经常性开支

annual rate 年度比率

overhead and profit 经常性开支和利润overruns, time 时间延误

overtime 加班费

overturning 翻腾，水的竖直循环现象owner 所有者

P

package plants 丛生植物

parking 停车场

parking dimensions 停车场尺寸

parking lot 停车场

parking lots 停车场

parking requirements 停车场要求patches 斑块

path lighting 小径照明

pathways 小径

pavement铺装，路面

pavement, flexible 柔性铺装，柔性路面pavement, rigid 刚性铺装，刚性路面pavements 道路

paver 铺路材料，铺路机，铺石人paving 铺装，铺路

payment 报酬；支付

non-payment 无报酬的

requests 申请

pedestrian standards 步行标准penalties 罚金，罚款

percentage of construction 施工的百分比permitting processes 申请程序personnel allocation 人员配备photometric charts 光度表

physical characteristics 物理特征picnicking 野餐

piers 支墩，支柱，防洪堤

pipes 管道

place scale 场地尺度

plan discrepancies 平面的不符之处

plane survey 平面测量

planned multiuse developments 有方案的综合开发

planned unit development regulations 有方案的单元开发标准

planning 规划

development feasibility planning 开发的可行性规划

landscape planning 景观规划

master planning 总体规划

plant hardiness 植物的抗寒性

plant mortality 植物的死亡率

planting 种植

clean-up and final inspection清理和检查ground covers 地被植物

seeding and sodding 种草和铺草皮

shrubs 灌木

trees 乔木

planting conditions 种植现状

planting design 种植设计

planting requirements 种植要求

plants, hazardous 有害的植物

plants, herbaceous草本的植物

plants, noxious有毒的植物

plants, salt tolerant 耐盐碱的植物，

play surfaces 游戏场地地面

playgrounds 游戏场地

point of beginning 起始点

pond systems 池塘系统

clay lenses 粘土防渗层

depth 深度

synthetic liners 合成材料垫层，合成材料衬里〔衬底〕

pools 游泳池

competition 竞赛用游泳池

recreational 娱乐用游泳池

pools structure 游泳池构造

depth 深度

freeboard 干舷

posts 柱

potable water 饮用水

Powers of Ten 十的力量

precipitation 降雨，降水量

precision 准确性；准确性prepared subgrade 素土夯实

preventative observation 预防性监理

pricing 报价

material lifecycle cost estimates 材料生命周期造价估算

overhead and profit 经常性开支和利润

square meter cost estimates 平方米造价估算systems estimates 系统估算法

unit price cost calculation 单位标价造价计算privacy 私密性

private garden 私家花园

product distribution 产品销售

product packaging 产品包装

productivity 生产率

project budget 工程预算

project closeout 工程竣工

project meetings 工程会议

project observation 工程检查

project records 工程登记

project scale 工程规模

proprietary surfaces 地上有房产

public garden 公共花园

public plaza 公共广场

pumps 水泵

punch list 打孔登记表

punch lists 打孔登记表

Q

quantity take-off methods 数量估算法

R

ramp slopes 坡道坡度

ramps 坡道

rates, standard billing 标准记帐率

Rational Method 推理计算方法

raw material 原材料

re-use 再利用

recharge trenches 〔地下水〕补给沟渠recreation standards 文娱体育标准recreational pools 娱乐用游泳池

recyclable materials 可循环使用的材料recycled water 循环水