英国文学之华兹华斯——我似一朵流云William Wordsworth and I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
英语学习资料：华兹华斯英文诗：我似流云天自游
英语学习资料：华兹华斯英文诗：我似流云天自游华兹华斯英文诗：我似流云天自游本诗作者是英国诗人华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）。
华兹华斯与柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）、骚塞（Robert Southey）同被称为“湖畔派”诗人（Lake Poets）。
华兹华斯的诗歌一反新古典主义平板、典雅的风格，开创了新鲜活泼的浪漫主义诗风。
I wandered lonely as a cloud 我似流云天自游William Wordsworth 威廉·华兹华斯I wandered lonely as a cloud我孤独地漫游，像一朵云That floats on high over vales and hills,在山丘和谷地上飘荡，When all at once I saw a crowd,忽然间我看见一群A host, of golden daffodils;金色的水仙花迎春开放，Beside the lake, beneath the trees,在树荫下，在湖水边，Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.迎着微风起舞翩翩。
Continuous as the stars that shine,连绵不绝，如繁星灿烂，And twinkle on the milky way.在银河里闪闪发光，They stretched in never-ending line它们沿着湖湾的边缘Along the margin of a bay;延伸成无穷无尽的一行；Ten thousand saw I at a glance,我一眼看见了一万朵，Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。
The waves beside them danced; but they 粼粼波光也在跳着舞，Out-did the sparkling waves in glee;水仙的欢欣却胜过水波；A poet could not but be gay,与这样快活的伴侣为伍，In such a jocund pany;诗人怎能不满心欢乐！I gazed--and gazed--but little thought我久久凝望，却想象不到What wealth the show to me had brought. 这奇景赋予我多少财宝For oft, when on my couch I lie每当我躺在床上不眠，In vacant or in pensive mood,或心神空茫，或默默沉思，They flash upon that inward eye它们常在心灵中闪现，Which is the bliss of solitude;那是孤独之中的福祉；And then my heart with pleasure fills, 于是我的心便涨满幸福，And dances with the daffodils.和水仙一同翩翩起舞。
英国文学Iwonderedlonelyasacloud赏析整理
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud By William Wordsworth1I wandered lonely as a cloud 我好似一朵孤独的流云, （Simile）That floats on high o'er vales and hills,高高地飘游在山谷之上, （Simile）When all at once I saw a crowd,突然我看见一大片鲜花,（Personification/Metaphor）A host, of golden daffodils;是金色的水仙遍地开放,Beside the lake, beneath the trees, 它们开在湖畔,开在树下, （alliteration）Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.它们随风嬉舞,随风波荡。
（Personification/Metaphor2Continuous as the stars that shine 它们密集如银河的星星,And twinkle on the milky way, 像群星在闪烁一片晶莹; （一二两行Simile/hyperbole）They stretched in never-ending line 它们沿着海湾向前伸展,Along the margin of a bay: 通往远方仿佛无穷无尽; （三四两行Simile/hyperbole）Ten thousand saw I at a glance, 一眼看去就有千朵万朵,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance..万花摇首舞得多么高兴。
（personification）3The waves beside them danced; but they粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳, （personification）Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:却不如这水仙舞得轻俏; （personification）A poet could not but be gay；诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴,In such a jocund company;又怎能不感到欣喜雀跃;I gazed—and gazed—but little thought我久久凝视——却未领悟What wealth the show to me had brought:...这景象所给我的精神之宝。
英国文学I-wondered-lonely-as-a-cloud赏析整理
I Wandered Lonely as a CloudBy William Wordsworth1I wandered lonely as a cloud 我好似一朵孤独的流云, （Simile）That floats on high o'er vales and hills,高高地飘游在山谷之上, （Simile）When all at once I saw a crowd,突然我看见一大片鲜花, （Personification/Metaphor）A host, of golden daffodils;是金色的水仙遍地开放,Beside the lake, beneath the trees, 它们开在湖畔,开在树下, （alliteration）Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.它们随风嬉舞,随风波荡。
（Personification/Metaphor2Continuous as the stars that shine 它们密集如银河的星星,And twinkle on the milky way, 像群星在闪烁一片晶莹; （一二两行Simile/hyperbole）They stretched in never-ending line 它们沿着海湾向前伸展,Along the margin of a bay: 通往远方仿佛无穷无尽; （三四两行Simile/hyperbole）Ten thousand saw I at a glance, 一眼看去就有千朵万朵,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance..万花摇首舞得多么高兴。
（personification）3The waves beside them danced; but they粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳, （personification）Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:却不如这水仙舞得轻俏; （personification）A poet could not but be gay；诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴,In such a jocund company;又怎能不感到欣喜雀跃;I gazed—and gazed—but little thought我久久凝视——却未领悟What wealth the show to me had brought:...这景象所给我的精神之宝。
英国湖畔诗人华兹华斯的诗歌名篇
英国湖畔诗人华兹华斯的诗歌名篇
《水仙花》是华兹华斯的诗歌作品，原文如下：我孤独地漫游，像一朵云在山丘和谷地上飘荡，
忽然间我看见一片水仙，开在湖畔，开在微风中荡漾。
如此可爱的光辉，从来没有见过，一片片黄金在微风中闪耀；
一瞥间，一瞥间我看到了
千朵万朵的水仙花在欢笑。
他们不能懒散躺或靠，
好像有看不见的音符在激励；他们顾影自怜，孤芳自赏，舞着，舞着，好像要飞升腾空。
每当我躺在天空下的草地上，仰望蓝天，听凭我的思绪飞翔；
我就能看见千朵万朵的水仙花在蓝天中飘荡，闪耀着金光。
《我独自游荡,像一朵孤云》
《我独自游荡，像一朵孤云》(I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud) 诗歌，1804年3月——1807年4月[英国]威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth，1770——1850）[导读]18世纪末19世纪初，欧洲文学出现了重要的转折，古典主义在流行了二百年之后，逐渐走向衰亡，浪漫主义则得到了辉煌的发展。
在英国，19世纪的前30年中，其浪漫主义代表了欧洲的最高文学成就。
英国文学最早出现的浪漫主义作家是“湖畔派”诗人，其代表华兹华斯是“湖畔派”的领袖，消极浪漫主义的重要代表。
威廉·华兹华斯（1770——1850），1770年4月7日出生在英国坎伯兰郡考克茅斯的一个律师家庭。
考克茅斯位于英格兰西北部的“湖区”，该地区湖泊星罗棋布，山色秀美。
正是这优美的湖光山色与英国伟大的诗歌传统，陶冶了华兹华斯热爱自然的性格和浪漫主义的诗情。
华兹华斯的家境比较富裕，但其少年时代生活并不美好，他八岁丧母，十三岁时父亲又去世，兄妹五人分别由舅父和外祖父母抚养，富裕的生活也从此不在了。
1787年华兹华斯进入剑桥大学的圣约翰学院学习。
他在所开设的课程方面并没有取得什么成绩，却熟读了大量的希腊和拉丁文学，学习了意大利语、法语、西班牙语。
在剑桥学习期间，他受到法国启蒙主义思想家卢梭“回到大自然去”的思想的影响，于1790年徒步游历了法国、意大利、瑞士，不仅饱览了阿尔卑斯山的美丽景色，而且在法国还亲眼目睹了法国人民欢庆攻陷巴士底狱一周年的动人场景。
1791年华兹华斯大学毕业后，于11月重访法国。
当时法国正处在大革命的高潮阶段，华兹华斯误以为革命是为了“回到大自然去”，因此非常向往革命，结识了许多温和派的吉伦特党人，热烈拥护法国革命。
此间，他写了一些充满民主、自由思想的好诗。
后来雅各宾派在法国开始专政，华兹华斯的吉伦特派朋友也遭到镇压，他于是在1792年底失望地离开了法国而回到了英国，同时他的思想也逐渐走向消极。
华兹华斯I wandered lonely as a cloud 赏析
• 全诗分4节,各6行,基本的格律是抑扬四音步(iambic tetrameter),每节韵律是a b a b c c,节奏鲜明流畅,韵律工整简 洁,鲜明地刻画了水仙随风嬉舞时轻缓曼妙的姿态。
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
•I wandered lonely as a cloud •That floats on high o'er vales and hills, •When all at once I saw a crowd, •A host, of golden daffodils; •Beside the lake, beneath the trees, •Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
•For oft, when on my couch I lie
•In vacant or in pensive mood,
•每当我躺在床上不眠， •或心神空茫，或默默沉思， •它们常在心灵中闪现， •那是孤独之中的福祉； •于是我的心便涨满幸福， •和水仙一同翩翩起舞。 （飞白译）
•They flash upon that inward eye
大自然是他诗歌歌颂的主要主题他因此也被誉为崇尚自然主义者worshipperofnature他通过对大自然的描写表达他对大自然的真切的爱他认为大自然除了给人以感官之美外还给人带来智慧和力量
William Wordsworth
韩楚齐 152141576
Introduction
• 华兹华斯1770午出生于英格兰北部的坎伯兰湖 区(Cumberland)，他是英国浪漫主义文学史上的 一个领袖人物。大自然是他诗歌歌颂的主要主题， 他因此也被誉为“崇尚自然主义 者”(“ Worshipper of Nature”)他通过对大自然 的描写表达他对大自然的真切的爱，他认为大自 然除了给人以感官之美外，还给人带来智慧和力 量。1797年诗人华兹华斯与柯勒律治共同出版 了《抒情歌谣集》 （Lyrical Ballads），标志着英 国浪漫主义文学时期的开始。
华兹华斯的诗歌
[英国]华兹华斯顾子欣译我好似一朵孤独的流云，高高地飘游在山谷之上，突然我看到一大片鲜花，是金色的水仙遍地开放。
它们开在湖畔，开在树下它们随风嬉舞，随风飘荡。
它们密集如银河的星星，像群星在闪烁一片晶莹；它们沿着海湾向前伸展，通向远方仿佛无穷无尽；一眼看去就有千朵万朵，万花摇首舞得多么高兴。
粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳，却不知这水仙舞得轻俏；诗人遇见这快乐的伙伴，又怎能不感到欢欣雀跃；我久久凝视--却未能领悟这景象所给带给我的精神至宝。
后来多少次我郁郁独卧，感到百无聊赖心灵空漠；这景象便在脑海中闪现，多少次安慰过我的寂寞；我的心又随水仙跳起舞来，我的心又重新充满了欢乐。
赏析这首诗写于诗人从法国回来不久。
诗人带着对自由的向往去了法国，参加一些革命活动。
但法国革命没有带来预期的结果，随之而来的是混乱。
诗人的失望和受的打击是可想而知的，后来在他的朋友和妹妹的帮助下，情绪才得以艰难地恢复。
这首诗就写于诗人的心情平静之后不久。
在诗的开头，诗人将自己比喻为一朵孤独的流云，孤单地在高高的天空飘荡。
孤傲的诗人发现一大片金色的水仙，它们欢快地遍地开放。
在诗人的心中，水仙已经不是一种植物了，而是一种象征，代表了一种灵魂，代表了一种精神。
水仙很多，如天上的星星，都在闪烁。
水仙似乎是动的，沿着弯屈的海岸线向前方伸展。
诗人为有这样的旅伴而欢欣鼓舞、欢呼跳跃。
在诗人的心中，水仙代表了自然的精华，是自然心灵的美妙表现。
但是，欢快的水仙并不能时时伴在诗人的身边，诗人离开了水仙，心中不时冒出忧郁孤寂的情绪。
这时诗人写出了一种对社会、世界的感受：那高傲、纯洁的灵魂在现实的世界只能郁郁寡欢。
当然，诗人的脑海深处会不时浮现水仙那美妙的景象，这时的诗人双情绪振奋，欢欣鼓舞。
诗歌的基调是浪漫的，同时带着浓烈的象征主义色彩。
可以说，诗人的一生只在自然中找到了寄托。
英文版“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”was written by William Wordsworth, the representativepoet of the early romanticism. As a great poet of nature, William Wordsworth was the first to find words for the most elementary sensations of man face to face with natural phenomena. These sensations are universal and old but, once expressed in his poetry, become charmingly beautiful and new. His deep love for nature runs through short lyrics such as “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”I Wandered Lonely as a CloudI wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o’er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.The waves beside them danced; but theyOut-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed --- and gazed --- but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”is a poem about nature. With his pure and poetic language, Wordsworth brings us into a beautiful world where there are daffodils, trees and breeze. We follow the poet at every turn of his feelings. We share his melancholy w hen he “wandered lonely as a cloud” and his delight the moment his heart “with pleasure fills ”. We co me to realize the great power of nature that may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem.Edgar Allan Poe once described poetry as “music…combined with a pleasure idea”. In the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet also makes great use of the “music ”of the language to achieve sound beauty in addition to convey meaning. He employs masculine rhyme in “a, b, a, b, c, c” pattern to receive emphasis as a musical effect. (e.g. “cloud” (a), “hills” (b), “crowd” (a), “daffodils” (b), “trees” (c), “breeze” (c) in stanza 1). He also achieves musical quality by the management of alliteration (e.g. “That floats on high o’er vales and hills” in line 2 and “Beside the lake, beneath the trees” in line 5) and assonance (e.g. “beneath the trees in line 5” and “ They stretched in never-ending line” in line 9) and consonance (e.g. “ vales and hills” in line 2 ). Besides the repetition of sounds, the poet also makes his poem a strong appeal for us in languagethat is rhythmical. He arranges his poem in lines of iambic tetrameter in the main with alternation of iambic trimeter.( e.g. I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o’er vales and hillsWhen all at once I saw a crowdA host, of golden daffodilsBeside the lake, beneath the treesFluttering and dancing in the breeze )He slowed down the tempo in line 4 to keep in accordance with his bated breath the moment he glimpses at a host of golden daffodils thus convey to us the poet’s intoxication in the face of nature. With all these musical devices, Wordsworth secures a songlike effect of his poem in addition to communicate his emotion and meaning.An old saying goes “There are pictures in poetry and poetry in pictures”. It finds its most eloquent examples in most of the Chinese Tang poems that present the readers with beautiful pictures. In the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet also seeks to express his emotions by providing the sense impressions he has through imagery. He depicts a picture in which “a host of golden daffodils (visual imagery) fluttering and dancing in the breeze” (kinaesthetic imagery) so vividly that it appeals richly to our senses and to our imagination.Wordsworth, in the poem, also employs figurative language to evoke not only the visual effect but also the emotional response. (e.g. in line 1, the poet makes a comparison between “I wandered lonely”and “a cloud”by the use of simile, thus convey to us his lonely and melancholy mood with the image of “cloud”. In line 7, he also amplifies the visual effect by the use of another simile “Continuous as the stars that shine…” to evoke our sense of “daffodils” with the image of “stars” twinkling on the milky w ay which is familiar to us all. He goes further to impress us with the image of countless daffodils with an overstatement in line 9 “They stretched in never-ending line”). Besides, natural things are also endowed with human being’s characters by the poet’s subtle use of personification. (e.g. “Tossing their heads in sprightly dance” “The waves beside them danced”) therefore, as we read the poem, we become aware of the poet’s deep love toward nature through his lovely and vivid description about natural things with his figurative language.What’s more, Wordsworth goes further to communicate his emotion and meaning by his thoughtful tone. The choose of the word “lonely”in “I wandered lonely as a cloud”instead of other words like carefree, leisure or jolly convey to us the poet’s depression and disconsolateness at the very beginning. But as he catches sight of daffodils stretching as far as the eyes can see and finds himself in the midst of nature, his loneliness turns into relaxation and joy. Thus the shift of the poet’s mood from sadness to happiness manifests the theme --- the great influence of nature upon human being.孤独割麦女青年英国威廉?华兹华斯1770-18501孤独站在麦田里，窕窕少女收割忙，边割边唱无休止，我把姑娘细端详，过路的人要静悄悄，不要把她来打扰，少女唱出海豚音，宇宙充满天籁声。
英国文学之华兹华斯——我似一朵流云William Wordsworth and I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
Wordsworth’s major works
（1）Lyrical Ballads 《抒情诗歌集》（1798）
This collection of poems is generally regarded as the landmark in English literature, for it started a poetical revolution by using the common, simple and colloquial language in poetry. Most of Wordsworth’s best short poems are included in this book. The poems were written in the spirit and in the pattern of the early story-telling ballads. They are simple tales about simple life told in simple style and simple language to express the simple emotions in simple lyricism.
● He changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to nature.
● English Romanticism浪漫主义 , as a historical phrase of literature, is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of William Wordsworth and Taylor Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集 and to have ended in 1832 with Walter Scott’s death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament.
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● “worshipper礼拜[崇拜，爱慕]者 of nature”.
● He thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest.
Wordsworth’s viewpoints
1) Politically he was a radical democrat激进的民主主义者 in the early days, attracted to the slogans of liberty, quality and fraternity兄弟会； 大学生联谊会； 友爱 but became a conservative保守主义 in his later years. However, in his whole life, he held a critical attitude towards the government and the upper class. He was strongly against the Industrial Revolution which, he believe, had caused the miseries痛苦 of the poor people and destroyed the quiet simple life of the country people. He had great sympathy for the poor and regarded them as the victims of the fortune-hunting capitalists.
poetry in the history of English literature. E) Assignment
William Wordsworth
a radical democrat激进的民主主义者 , a conservative（英国）保守党党员 , one of the greatest poets of nature,
（2）Preface to Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣的序言》（1802）
The Preface deserves its reputation as a manifesto宣言； 声明； 告示 in the theory of poetry. Most of discussions of the Preface focused on his assertions声称 使用； 主张 about the vivid language of poetry, that is, “all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”. He attributed to imaginative literature the primary role in keeping man emotionally alive and morally sensitive, i.e. keeping him essentially本 质上，根本上human, in the face of the pressures of a technological and increasingly urban society. He claimed that the great subjects of poetry were “the essential passions of the heart” and “the great and simple affections” as these qualities interact 相 互 作 用 with “the beautiful and permanent forms of nature” and are expressed in a “naked and simple” language that is “adapted to interest mankind permanently”.
● Preface to Lyrical Ballads （ 1802 ） acts as a manifesto宣言 for the Romantic poets.
●The three poets William Wordsworth, Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey once lived in the English Lake District, and become known as the “Lake Poets”.
Wordsworth’s major works
（1）Lyrical Ballads 《抒情诗歌集》（1798）
This collection of poems is generally regarded as the landmark in English literature, for it started a poetical revolution by using the common, simple and colloquial language in poetry. Most of Wordsworth’s best short poems are included in this book. The poems were written in the spirit and in the pattern of the early story-telling ballads. They are simple tales about simple life told in simple style and simple language to express the simple emotions in simple lyricism.
● His deliberate故意的； 蓄意的； 深思熟虑的 simplicity and refusal to decorate
the truth of experience produced a kind of pure and profound深厚的； 意义深远的 poetry.
● “all good poetry is the spontaneous自发的； 自然 的 overflow充满； 洋溢of powerful feelings’’, which originates in 起 源 于 "emotion recollected in tranqui805, William Wordsworth completed a
long autobiographical 自 传 体 的 poem entitled The Prelude前奏曲 .
● To the younger generation, he was a “lost leader”. During the last two decades of his life he sought寻找，探寻to preserve the past and outdated. He opposed parliamentary议会的，国会 的； 议会制度的reform and opposed the Catholic Emancipation天主教解放 .
2) Literarily he was strongly against the neoclassical新古典主义的 poetry, especially that of Dryden Pope and Johnson, and tried to restore the tradition of Spenser, Shakespeare and Milton. He was the leading figure of the English romantic poetry. He thought the source of poetic truth was the direct experience of the senses. His definition of poetry as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings’’ and "emotion recollected in tranquillity" was shared by a number of his followers. He maintained that the senses and events of everyday life and the speech of ordinary people were the raw material of which poetry could and should be made. The most important contribution he has made is that he has not only started the modern poetry, the poetry of the growing inner self, but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to nature.
I．TOPIC: William Wordsworth and I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
II. OBJECTIVES:
A) Introduction to Wordsworth and his major works B) Special features of his major works C) Study of the poem D) Comment on the significance of Wordsworth’s