2019级高一第一次阶段性检测考试
山西省太原市2018-2019学年第一学期高一年级阶段性测评 英语试卷
山西省太原市2018-2019学年第一学期高一年级阶段性测评英语试卷(考试时间:下午2:30-4:00)说明：本试卷为闭卷笔答，答题时间90分钟，满分100分。
请将第一卷试题答案填在第二卷卷首的相应位置。
第I卷（共70分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分15分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
答案写在答题卡上。
1.When will the film start?A.At 6:30.B.At 7:00.C.At 7:30.2.Where did the boy go yesterday?A.He went to school.B.He went to the doctor's.C.He went to a drug store.3.How long will the boy stay at the winter camp?A.For one week.B.For two weeks.C.For three weeks.4.Where is John now?A.At home.B.At the office.C.On the way.5.Why doesn't the man buy the sweater?A.It's too expensive.B.It doesn't fit him.C.It looks so large.第二节(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)听下面3段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的做答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
答案写在答题卡上。
山西省太原市第五十三中学2019-2020学年高一物理上学期第一阶段性测评试题(PDF)
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山东聊城一中2019级历史第一次阶段性测试(含答案)
聊城一中2019级高一上学期第一次阶段性测试历史试题时间：70分钟分值：100分备课组长：吕长生苑学平第Ⅰ卷（选择题 48分）一、选择题（本大题共32小题，每题1.5分，共48分）1. 2019年7月6日，联合国教科文组织将位于浙江杭州的“良渚古城遗址”列入《世界遗产名录》。
通过良渚考古发掘，学者们普遍认为当时私有制已经产生，阶级分化日益明显，出现了权贵阶层。
以下能作为直接证据的考古发现是A．城中发现20多万公斤的炭化稻堆积B．少数墓葬有精美的玉器和陶器随葬C．古城遗址布局与山形水势充分契合D．碳14测定年代为公元前3000年左右2. 从甲骨文中我们可以看到很多商王求丰年和降雨的卜辞，但奇怪的是他们不是直接向他们心目中的最高神——“帝”请求，而是托祖先转达。
据此我们可以判定商代A. 祖先的地位高于神B. 国家大事完全通过占卜来决定C. 王权具有神秘色彩D. 崇拜祖先的宗法观念已经出现3. 《礼记·王制》规定：大诸侯国设三卿，都由天子任命，次一等的诸侯国也设三卿，其中 二卿由天子任命，一卿由国君任命，小诸侯国设有两卿，都由国君任命。
据此可知，西周 分封制A．保证了周天子的专制统治B．蕴含着中央集权的因素C．有效限制了地方诸侯权力 D．宗法血缘色彩极其淡薄4.《尚书大传》说：周公摄政，一年救乱，二年克殷，三年践奄，四年建侯卫，五年营成周，六年制作礼乐，七年致政成王。
对“四年建侯卫”“六年制作礼乐”解读正确的A. 建侯卫就是实行分封制，制作礼乐是为了维护宗法等级制B. 建侯卫就是实行郡国制，制作礼乐是为了维护郡国并行制C. 建侯卫就是推行宗法制，制作礼乐是为了用来代替分封制D. 建侯卫就是实行郡县制，制作礼乐是为了丰富周人的生活5. 春秋时期，大国打出“尊王”的旗帜争夺霸主地位，挟天子以号令其他诸侯；战国时期，诸侯不再尊崇周天子，自行称王并互相攻伐兼并。
这反映出A. 中央集权日趋瓦解B. 统一趋势逐渐增强C. 贵族政治已经崩溃D. 宗法体系受到冲击6. 下表是春秋战国时期从事政治活动的人中对出身所做的调查：这说明A．世卿世禄制度彻底消失 B．平民成为官员主要来源C．平民政治代替贵族政治 D．社会阶层流动趋于频繁7. 孔子曰：“苟有用我者，期月而已可也，三年有成.”孟子曰：“如欲乎治天下，当今之世，舍我其谁？”这反映当时的儒者A. 适应社会转型之努力B. 重构礼乐纲常的愿望C. 经世济民的担当精神D. 不受重用的愤懑之情8. 某学者评价“百家争鸣”时指出：“正是这一时期（战国时期）的政治混乱才迫使那些思想者不断反思社会的本质以及人民所应该承担的角色，一些人试图找到能够恢复政治和社会秩序的法则。
山东省济南第一中学2019-2020学年高一10月阶段性检测英语试题+Word版含答案
2019级高一阶段性测试英语试题(2019.10) 本试题分为选择题和非选择题两部分，满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
选择题答案涂在答题卡上，非选择题答案写在答题纸上。
选择题部分第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题; 每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What does Ray think of his first day at work?A. Interesting.B. Boring.C. Exciting.2.What’s the time now?A. 7:10.B. 7:20.C. 7:40.3.Where are they talking?A. In the library.B. At the boy’s home.C. At the woman’s home.4.What is the man probably?A.A hotel worker.B.B. A restaurant waiter.C.C. A shop assistant.5.How many questions were there in the test?A. 4.B. 7.C. 6.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Why is it hard to understand Mr. Black?A.He speaks very quickly.B. He speaks very slowly.C. He speaks very unclearly.7.What were on fire?A.Jeff’s hair and desk.B.B. Jeff’s desk and Jane’s hair.C.C. Jeff’s hair and Jane’s desk.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
高一上学期英语第一次阶段性检测(月考)试卷真题
高一上学期英语第一次阶段性检测（月考）试卷一、完形填空1. 完形填空On the first day of my school life in the USA,I showed a great interest in my marketing class.My teacher, Mrs.Tolman,suggested I1a national marketing club called DECA attracting many students with talent and interest in2So I did.The first3was to collect money for the marketing competition later in the year by selling candles. Mrs.Tolman said the competition was due in a week and that 40 percent of the4would go into my personal account.At the beginning,I tried to sell some candles to my host mom.She said that if I could5confidence and do a wonderful sales presentation,she would certainly buy some.I started my presentation with a6handshake.Then I introduced all the different kinds of candles and the special sales I could offer and7her that our candles were the best choices for gifts and home decorations.Finally she bought three candles.Greatly8,I decided to sell my candles around the neighborhood.On Saturday morning,with great courage, I knocked at the door of my first potential9.“I’m a student at Skyline High School and we are10money for DECA.I’m trying to sell...”“Not today,sorry,”the man interrupted me and11the door.Embarrassed,I walked away and said to myself the12thing that might happen was being refused lik e that again.I couldn’t even count how many times I was13with reasons like “Not today”,“I don’t have any14money right now”or “I just bought some”15,I had to continue with the day.16,a woman kindly bought nearly $60 worth of candles.I couldn’t even hide my17and said “Thank you very much” to her with a bow.After a18hard work,I turned in my $408 worth of sales of candles,which gave me $163.2 in my own account. I was19to find out I was the second highest seller in all classes.It was the first time that I had worked as a salesperson.Now I look back on this experience with satisfaction,and I feel glad that I did not20in face of difficulty.（1）A . holdB . joinC . buildD . attend（2）A . businessB . EnglishC . mathD . sports（3）A . chanceB . wayC . challengeD . choice（4）A . incomeB . candlesC . businessD . expense（5）A . expressB . expectC . makeD . show（6）A . firmB . suddenC . rudeD . uncertain（7）A . informedB . convincedC . explainedD . requested（8）A . satisfiedB . disappointedC . shockedD . encouraged（9）A . businessmanB . sellerC . buyerD . shop keeper（10）A . lendingB . raisingC . returningD . borrowing（11）A . openedB . knockedC . burst intoD . shut（12）A . worstB . uneasyC . bestD . unhappiest（13）A . forbiddenB . permittedC . refusedD . demanded（14）A . smallB . extraC . littleD . left（15）A . ThereforeB . SoC . HoweverD . For（16）A . BesidesB . SecondlyC . FirstlyD . Finally（17）A . eagernessB . embarrassmentC . excitementD . sadness（18）A . week’sB .hour’sC . day’sD . month’s（19）A . puzzledB . surprisedC . calmD . lucky（20）A . give awayB . give outC . give offD . give in二、阅读理解2. 阅读理解A Guide to the UniversityFoodThe TWU Cafeteria is open from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m.It serves snacks（小吃）,drinks, ice cream bars and meals.You can pay with cash or your ID cards.You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk.Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria,you can use the tables to eat your lunch,to have meetings with your friends and to study.If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks,fast food,and drinks in the Lower Cafe located in the bottom level of the Douglas Center.This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts,games or TV watching.RelaxationThe Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall,is available for relaxing,studying,cooking and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students.Hours are from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m., closed on Sundays.Academic SupportAll students have access to the Writing Center on the upper floor of Douglas Hall.Here,qualified volunteers will work with you on written work,grammar,vocabulary and other academic skills.If you heed help,you can sign up for an appointment by finishing the sign-up sheet outside thedoor,two 30-minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free.TransportationThe TWU Express is a shuttle（班车）service.The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping center, leaving from the Mattson Centre.Operation hours are between 8 a.m. and 3 p.m.Saturdays only.Round trip fare is $1.（1）What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?A . Do homework and watch TV.B . Buy drinks and enjoy concerts.C . Have meals and meet with friends.D . Add money to your ID and play chess.（2）How can you seek help from the Writing Center?A . By applying online.B . By calling the center.C . By filling in a sign-up form.D . By going to the center directly.（3）What is the function of the TWU Express?A . To carry students to the lecture halls.B . To provide students with campus tours.C . To take students to the Mattson Centre.D . To transport students to and from the stores.3. 阅读理解When I was a little girl, I remember that when my dad was repairing something,he would ask me to hold the hammer,so we would have time for a conversation with each other.I never saw my dad drinking or taking a night out. All he did after work was taking care of his family.I grew up and left home for college and since then,my dad had been calling me every Sunday morning.And when I bought a house several yearslater,my dad painted it by himself in the fierce summer heat.All he asked was to talk to him,but I was to busy in those days.Four years ago,my dad visited me.He spent many hours putting together a swing for my daughter.He asked me to have a talk with him,but I had to prepare for a trip that weekend.One Sunday morning we had a telephone talk as usual.I noticed that my dad had forgotten some things that we discussed lately.I was in a hurry,so our conversation was short.Several hours later that day I received a call.My father was in the hospital.Immediately I bought a plane ticket and on my way I was thinking about all the occasions I missed to have a talk with my dad.By the time I arrived at the hospital,my father had passed away.Now it was he who did not have time for a conversation with me.I realized how little I knew about my dad,his deepest thoughts and his dreams.After his death I learned much more about him and even more about myself.All he ever wanted was my time. And now he has all my attention every single day.（1）When the author was a little girl, she .A . liked playing on the swingB . often talked with her fatherC . was good at repairing thingsD . learned to take care of her family（2）When at college, the author .A . received a call from her father every Sunday morningB . phoned her father every Sunday morningC . asked her father to call her every SundayD . asked her father to talk with her（3）Why did the author fail to have a talk with her father four years ago?A . She had got tired of talking with him.B . She was busy painting her house.C . Her daughter asked her to play.D . She was busy planning a trip.（4）When did the author begin to regret missing the talks with her father?A . After her father’s sudden death.B . Many years after her father’s death.C . On her way to the hospital to see her father.D . As soon as she got the news that her father was ill.4. 阅读理解Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly,flies like a fat chicken,eats green leaves,has the stomach of a cow and has claws（爪）on its wings when young.They build their homes about 4.6m above the river,an important feature（特征）for the safety of the young.It is called the hoatzin.In appearance,the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside.The head is small,with a large set of feathers on the top,bright red eyes,and blue skin.Its nearest relatives are the common birds,cuckoos.Its most striking feature,though,is only found in the young.Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing ing these four claws,together with the beak （喙）,they can climb about in the bushes,looking very much like primitive birds must have done.When the young hoatzins have learned to fly,they lose their claws.During the drier months between December and March,hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April,when the rainy season begins,they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.（1）What is the text mainly about?A . Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.B . The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.C . Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.D . The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.（2）Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that .A . they look like young cuckoosB . they have claws on the wingsC . they eat a lot like a cowD . they live on river banks（3）What can we infer about primitive birds from the text?A . They had claws to help them climb.B . They could fly long distances.C . They had four wings like hoatzins.D . They had a head with long feathers on the top.（4）Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?A . To find more food.B . To keep themselves warm.C . To protect themselves better.D . To produce their young.5. 阅读理解There were smiling children all the way.Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway,wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towardsPenang.Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives.This is the simple village people of Malaysia.I was moved.I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car,so this was the first time I was on a train.I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread.I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face.I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia.Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore,so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past.As we went beyond the city,I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green.Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive;I decided to wave back.From then on my journey became interesting.I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life.Then everything came alive.The mountains seemed to speak to me.Even the trees were smiling.I stared at everything a if I was looking at it for the first time.The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry.I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 p.m. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth.I looked at the people all around me.They all looked beautiful.When my uncle arrived with a smile,I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug（拥抱）.I had never done this before.He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile.We walkedarm in arm to his car.I looked forward to the return journey.（1）The author expected the train trip to be______.A . adventurousB . pleasantC . dullD . exciting（2）What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip?A . The friendly country people.B . The mountains along the way.C . The crowds of people in the streets.D . The simple lunch served on the train.（3）Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish” in the second paragraph?A . chooseB . enjoyC . prepare forD . carry on（4）What can we learn from the story?A . Comfort in traveling by train.B . Pleasure of living in the country.C . Reading gives people delight.D . Smiles brighten people up.三、七选五6. 任务型阅读Maybe you are an average student.________This is not necessarily so,however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she want s to.Here’s how.Plan your time carefully.When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do.After making this list,you should make a schedule of your time.First your time for eating,sleeping,dressing,etc.Then decide a good,regular time for studying________A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems,but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.Find a good place to study.Look around the house for a good study area.Keep this space,which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room,free of everything but study materials.No games,radios,or television.When you sit down to study,concentrate on the subject.Make good use of your time in class________Listening carefully in class means less work later.T aking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.Study regularly.When you get home from school, go over your notes,review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day and read that material________If you do these things regularly,the material will become more meaningful,and you’ll remember it longer.Develop a good attitude towards tests.The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge.The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test,so don’t be over worried.________You will probably discover them after you have tried these.A.There are other methods that might help you with your studying.B.Don’t forget to arrange enough time for entertainment.C.Make full use of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.D.No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.E.You probably think you will never be a top student.F.Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class.G.This will help you understand the next class.四、短文填空7. 语法填空Examinations are of great________ in Chinese schools and universities,so millions of the students take part in them every year.Almost all the students________ from an early age to understand the nature of examinations.It is true that some students can pass an examination________ than others,although it doesn’t mean they are better with their study.Quite a few students are afraid of examinations though they master________they have learned very well.Sometimes the fear of examinations comes from pressure.People think pressure is good for students________it can make the students________ harder and make some school work more challenging.But too much pressure may even cause diseases________will influence s tudents’ academic performance badly.No student succeeds________hard work.If one spends little________ on their lessons every day,they can’t expect________good result at the end of the term.Developing study skills can get students to learn better and to pass examinations with ease if they understand the lessons and the work involved.五、短文改错8. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。
2019-2020学年高一10月月考政治试题含答案
2019级高一上学期第一次阶段检测政治试题（时间60分钟满分100分）（2019年10月）一、单项选择题（每题2分，共80分）1.原始社会之所以经历了漫长时期，主要是因为 ( )A.生产力水平极端低下且发展缓慢B.自然条件艰险C.实行生产资料公有制D.没有建立国家2.原始社会末期，金属工具、牛耕等新的生产工具或方式的发明，直接促进了剩余产品的出现。
对于剩余产品的不公平分配就是私有制的最早形式。
私有制的产生（）①与氏族制度的瓦解是同一过程②是生产力发展到一定程度的结果③以阶级和国家的产生为前提④是贫富分化的结果A.①②B.②③C.①③D.②④3.《诗经》中描述了奴隶们的穿着情况:“冬月北风收得尖，腊月寒气添，粗布衣裳无一件，怎样挨过年?”在奴隶社会里，奴隶们建造了富丽堂皇的楼阁宫殿，自己住的却是狭窄、潮湿的地穴。
奴隶主们过着“以酒为池，悬肉为林”的奢侈生活，而奴隶们却衣不蔽体、食不果腹。
之所以会出现这种情况，是因为（）①奴隶制国家机器的建立②奴隶劳动时使用的工具比较落后③奴隶主占有生产资料④奴隶毫无人身自由A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④4.______开始变成私有财产,标志着私有制已经在社会上确立起来。
私有制的产生是当时_______发展的结果,因而是不可避免的。
A.牲畜贫富分化B.土地社会生产力C.工具生产力D.土地商品交换5.奴隶社会形成的标志是( )A.金属工具的使用,农业和畜牧业有了显著发展B..人类有了文字记载的历史C.奴隶制国家的建立D.社会形成了奴隶主和奴隶两大对立的阶级6.农民反抗地主阶级的斗争,具有一定的局限性,主要表现在( )A.农民起义最终都被地主阶级镇压下去了B.农民起义不可能建立起一种比封建制度更进步的社会制度c.农民起义不可能动摇封建统治的基础,也不能给封建统治者沉重的打击D.农民是小生产者,缺少斗争的精神7.与封建社会相比,资本主义显示的巨大的历史进步性有( )①资本主义将科学技术转变为强大的生产力②资本追求剩余价值的内在动力和竞争的外在压力推动了社会生产力的迅速发展③资本主义的意识形态和政治制度作为上层建筑推动了经济的迅速发展,促进了社会进步④资本主义社会的基本矛盾是生产社会化和生产资料的资本主义私人占有之间的矛盾A.①②③B.②③④C.①③④D.①②④8. 在2011年9月美国爆发的“占领华尔街”抗议活动中,示威者向极富阶级表示不满。
山西省太原市第五十三中学2019-2020学年高一上学期第一阶段性测评生物试题 PDF版含答案
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说明：本试卷为闭卷笔爸 ， 否题时间90分钟 ，满分100分。
高一生物上学期第一次阶段测试试题(含解析)
2019学年第一学期第一次阶段性考试高一年级生物试题1.从生命活动的角度理解，人体的结构层次为A. 原子、分子、细胞器、细胞B. 细胞、组织、器官、系统C. 元素、无机物、有机物、细胞D. 个体、种群、群落、生态系统【答案】B【解析】细胞是最基本的生命系统结构层次，原子、分子和细胞器不属于生命系统结构层次，A错误；人体为个体层次，构成人体的结构层次的包括细胞、组织、器官、系统，B正确；元素、无机物和有机物不属于生命系统结构层次，C错误；题干要求从人体的生命活动的角度理解，因此种群、群落、生态系统与人体生命活动无直接关系，D错误。
2.由H5N1亚型病毒引起的禽流感是一种高致病性禽流感，其发病率和死亡率都很高、危害巨大。
世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将高致病性禽流感列为A类传染病。
那么下列关于禽流感病毒的说法错误的是（）。
A. 禽流感病毒无细胞结构，但有遗传物质B. 禽流感病毒虽然能引发传染病，但是其必须寄生在活细胞内C. 禽流感病毒能引发禽类传染病，没有细胞结构，但属于生物D. 禽流感病毒可以离开活细胞，独立完成生命活动【答案】D【解析】【分析】病毒没有细胞结构，不能独立进行生命活动，必须借助于活细胞才能代谢和繁殖；常见的病毒有：艾滋病毒、流感病毒、SARS病毒、烟草花叶病毒、噬菌体等等；病毒的成分包括蛋白质和核酸（DNA或RNA）。
【详解】禽流感病毒无细胞结构，但有遗传物质；A正确；H5N1亚型病毒能引发传染病，必须寄生在活细胞内才能表现出生命的特征，B正确；病毒没有细胞结构，且缺少进行自主代谢的完整机制，因此只能寄生在活细胞中，但由于病毒具有生物的特征——繁殖后代，因此病毒是生物，C正确；H5N1型禽流感病毒，由蛋白质和核酸组成，没有细胞结构，只能在活细胞内生长繁殖，离不开活细胞，D错误。
【点睛】本题考查病毒的结构，要求考生识记病毒的结构，明确病毒没有细胞结构，其遗传物质是DNA或RNA，再准确判断各选项。
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2019级高一第一次阶段性检测考试地理2019.10.10本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共34题，共100分，共3页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项:1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在形码区域内。
2.答题时请按要求用笔。
3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4.作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第I卷（选择题共50分）一、单选题：本题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。
在每小题列的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
北京时间2015年7月24日，美国航天局宣布，一颗1 400光年外的行星(开普勒-452b，即地球2.0)可能是最像地球的宜居行星。
它围绕一颗与太阳相似的恒星运行，距离刚好处于“宜居带”中，它的体积比地球大的多，公转周期为385天。
这是迄今为止发现的与日地最相近的恒星和行星组合。
据此并结合图完成1～2题。
1．在天体系统示意图中，能正确示意开普勒-452b所处位置的是()A．a B．b C．c D．d2．开普勒-452b之所以被称为地球2.0，最主要的原因是()A．体积和质量与地球相近B．公转周期与地球相近C．大气成分与地球相近D．恒星和行星组合与日地组合相近在德国和日本，随处可见厂房和大楼屋顶的黑色“硅板”，这就是太阳能屋顶。
风和日丽的白天，“屋顶”将太阳能转化为电能，把富余的电能送入电网。
我国有关专家指出：上海没有油田和煤矿，但有两亿平方米的屋顶，不能辜负了屋顶上这片免费的阳光。
据此，完成3～4题。
3．关于太阳辐射对地球影响的叙述，正确的是()①促进地球上水、大气运动和生物活动、变化的主要动力②产生磁暴现象的原动力③人类生产、生活的主要能量来源④太阳内部核反应的能量来源A．①②B．③④C．①③D．②④4．上海的年平均太阳辐射量高于德国和日本，是因为()A．地势高，空气稀薄B．河湖纵横，太阳有效辐射强C．地面裸露，比热容大D．纬度偏低，晴天多人类对太阳及其活动的探测从未停歇，图为2018年将发射的名为“帕克太阳探测器”的宇宙飞船绕日飞行（计划6年绕日24圈）部分轨道示意图，四个大圆为近日行星轨道。
图中金星有着主要由C02组成的浓密的大气和云层，表面温度高达400℃多度。
完成下面5-6小题。
5.对该宇宙飞船的描述正确的是A．可穿过小行星带近距离拍摄照片B．能观测到地球从日面经过的情景C．可探测光球层黑子及其活动周期D．能探测到日冕层的太阳风活动6.关于金星表面高温的原因叙述正确的是A．云层吸收大气辐射多B．云层反射太阳辐射强C．金星表面反射太阳辐射强D．金星表面吸收大气辐射多如图为19世纪中叶以来太阳黑子数变化示意图。
读图并结合有关知识完成7～8题。
7．太阳活动周期约为11年，一般是指()A．地球公转从近日点到远日点所需的时间B．太阳连续两次直射同一地点所间隔的时间C．相邻两次太阳活动极大年的平均间隔时间D．太阳黑子数由最多到最少的平均间隔时间8．太阳黑子活动增多的年份()A．耀斑频繁爆发B．两极同时出现极光C．全球降水增多D．地球磁场增强读图，回答9～10题。
9．读图，有关描述太阳活动与昼夜电离层电子浓度的高度分布特征，正确的是()A．电离层电子浓度最高值出现的高度，白天高于夜间B．电离层电子浓度，太阳活动强年要大于太阳活动弱年C．100～200千米处高空电离层电子浓度随高度上升而增大D．白天，200千米处高空电离层电子浓度在1011cm－3以上10．美国东部时间2009年9月7日13时40分，包括美国在内的地球朝向太阳的一面的所有地区，高频无线电通信几乎全部中断，造成这一现象的主要原因是()A．地球大气层中的臭氧层空洞扩大使太阳辐射增强B．太阳耀斑爆发引起地球大气层的电离层扰动C．太阳黑子增多造成地球磁场紊乱D．太阳等天体对地球引力加强下图为月壳与月幔地震波速度变化示意图。
据此，完成11～12题。
11．月球地震波与地球地震波相比较，下列说法错误的是()A．都是P波速度始终大于S波B．都在月壳以下有突然加速的过程C．在月球表面地震波的速度大于地球表面D．在月球表面地震波的速度小于地球表面12．根据图中所示内容，可以判断出()A．月球表面附近发生地震时有一地只能探测到P波，而没有S波B．通过图中地震波的变化，我们只能看出一个不连续界面C．月球内部只能分为两层D．月球内部结构中没有“软流层”13．下图中甲、乙、丙三个圆依次代表的概念是()A．岩石圈、地幔、地壳B．岩石圈、上地幔顶部、地壳C．岩石圈、地幔、地核D．地球内部圈层、地幔、软流层14．岩石圈是指()A．地壳和上地幔的软流层B．莫霍界面以上的地壳C．地壳和上地幔顶部D．地壳和上地幔如图为地球圈层结构示意图。
读图回答15～16题。
15．关于图中各圈层的叙述，正确的是()A．丙为大气圈B．甲为水圈C．戊、己合成为岩石圈D．乙为生物圈16．构成自然地理环境的主要圈层有()A．图中甲、乙、丙、丁、戊圈层B．图中丙、丁、戊、己、庚圈层C．图中戊、己、庚圈层D．大气圈、水圈、地壳、软流层读地球大气垂直分层图(部分),完成17～19题。
17.①②③④四条曲线中,正确表示大气层气温垂直分布情况的是( )A.①B.②C.③D.④18.影响该大气层气温垂直变化的主要因素是( )A.地面辐射B.CO2C.臭氧D.人类活动19.有关图示大气层正确的叙述是( )A.有电离层,对无线电通讯有重要作用B.天气晴朗,对流旺盛,利于高空飞行C.上部冷下部热,空气以平流运动为主D.顶部与底部的气温相差50 ℃左右每年冬天，浙江省农业厅专家都要为西湖龙井茶树防冻支招。
以下是两种常见的防冻措施：①覆盖防寒(寒潮来前，用网纱等覆盖茶树蓬面，以保护茶树。
如图1)；②熏烟驱霜(晚霜来前，气温降至2 ℃左右时点火生烟，以减轻晚霜冻害。
如图2)。
读图完成20～21题。
20．图1中的网纱在冬季主要能够()A．防太阳暴晒B．阻隔霜冻直接接触叶面C．防病虫害D．防洪、防涝21．图2中的熏烟能够减轻霜冻，是因为烟雾能够()A．使二氧化碳浓度增加，大气逆辐射增强B．使水汽含量增加，太阳辐射增强C．使地面温度增加，地面辐射增强D．使大气温度增加，大气逆辐射增强特朗勃墙是一种依靠墙体独特的构造设计，无机械动力、无传统能源消耗、仅依靠被动式收集太阳能为建筑供暖的集热墙体，其冬季白天工作原理如图。
回答22～23题。
22．图示特朗勃墙向室内供暖的工作原理属于()A．对流层大气的直接热源是地面辐射B．地面的直接热源是太阳辐射C．特朗勃墙的逆辐射原理D．空气隔层的温室效应23．根据图示，下列说法正确的是()A．集热墙可能为白色B．乙气流为上升气流C．甲气流为暖气流，流出空气隔层D．丙气流为暖气流，流进空气隔层读图，完成24～26题。
24．图中所示近地面大气的热量主要来自()A．①B．②C．③D．④25．白天多云时，气温比晴天低是因为()A．①B．②C．③D．④26．早春和晚秋，多云的夜晚不会有霜冻，起主要作用的是() A．①B．②C．③D．④2018年12月16日06时30分,山东省气象台发布大雾黄色预警信号。
德州、聊城和济宁的部分地区出现能见度低于500米的浓雾,局部地区能见度不足200米。
据此回答27题。
27.白天大雾天气,空气能见度降低,这主要是由于( )A.大雾对太阳辐射具有吸收作用B.大雾对太阳辐射具有反射作用C.大雾对太阳辐射具有散射作用D.大雾对太阳辐射具有折射作用下图为扬州某住宅区的宣传海报，其采用的地源热泵技术是一种利用浅层地能供热制冷的空调系统。
浅层地能是数百米内的地下收集的太阳辐射能，大约占太阳辐射射向地面能量的60%。
结合相关知识完成下列各题。
28. 浅层地能( )A. 主要来源于地球内部B. 存在于地幔中C. 储量大，清洁无污染D. 仅冬季被利用29. 我们日常生活和生产所利用的能源中属于太阳辐射能的是 ( )①太阳能热水器；②用煤、石油发电；③用潮汐能发电；④核电站发电A. ①④B. ①②C. ③④D. ①③30. 关于太阳能的叙述错误的是( )A. 来源于核聚变反应B. 能量巨大而且集中C. 清洁的能源D. 可以通过光热和光电转换来利用第Ⅱ卷（非选择题共40分）31．太阳是地球能量的源泉。
尽管太阳辐射只有二十二亿分之一到达地球，但是对于地球和人类的影响是不可估量的。
读下面的材料，完成相关问题。
材料一北半球大气上界太阳辐射的分布。
材料二我国年太阳辐射总量分布图(1)由材料一概括全球太阳辐射能的空间分布规律，并分析原因。
(2)根据材料二概括我国年太阳辐射总量大致的分布规律。
指出我国年太阳辐射总量极值区分布并分析其成因。
(3)结合材料一和材料二归纳影响太阳辐射的主要因素。
32.读大气的垂直分层示意图,完成下列问题。
(1)依次写出图中字母A、B、C代表的各大气分层名称。
(2)简述图中A层大气所具有的特点。
(3)图中B层大气被誉为“地球生命的保护伞”,请说明其中的原因。
(4)写出电离层位于图中大气层的哪一分层(用字母表示),说明电离层对于人类的重要作用。
33.读大气受热过程示意图,回答下列问题。
(1)①表示______ 辐射,②表示射向宇宙空间的______辐射,③表示______ 辐射,④表示______辐射。
如今,低碳生活逐渐在我国兴起,潜移默化地改变着人们的生活。
低碳生活可以理解为:减少二氧化碳的排放,低能量、低消耗、低开支的生活方式。
(2)倡导低碳生活,可以使______(选择填空)A.①减弱B.②增强C.③增强D.④减弱(3)北京市郊区利用温室大棚种植香蕉、木瓜等南方水果。
在温室大棚内,大气可以吸收更多的______(填图中数字),大气温度升高,同时______(填图中数字)增强,______作用增强,满足南方水果生长的热量条件。
(4)暑假去西藏旅游,需准备防晒霜、厚衣服等物品。
这是由于青藏高原海拔高,空气稀薄,白天大气对太阳辐射的______作用弱,太阳辐射强;夜晚大气对地面的______作用弱,气温低。
34．读地球内部圈层结构示意图，完成下列问题。
(1)地球内部圈层划分的依据是__________________________。
(2)图中甲、乙是地球内部的两个不连续界面，其名称分别是：甲________、乙________。
(3)当A地发生地震时，B、C两个观测点都测到了A地发出的地震波。
对B、C两点所测到的纵波平均波速进行比较，平均波速较快的是________观测点，造成两地波速差异的原因是什么？(4)请在图中用斜线画出接收不到横波的区域。