【步步高】2015届高中英语外研版(通用)【配套课件】：专题四 名词性从句

He judged that，because he was a child，he did not understand wine. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. (3)that和what的区别。 that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子 成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时， 在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定 语从句中的“先行词＋关系代词”，即常说的“先行词＋ that”。
◆主语从句的考查要点 1．主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都 可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。 2．that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可 省；what引导的主语从句表示“„„的东西”时，一般不 用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不 用it作形式主语。 That she will succeed is certain. →It is certain that she will succeed. What he needs is more experience.
◆宾语从句的考查要点 1．动词的宾语从句 (1)大多数动词(hope，tell，say等)可以带宾语从句。 We all expect that they will win，for members of their team are stronger. I don’t think you are right. I don’t suppose he cares，does he? (2)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等 后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句 后置。
(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。 Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. The question is whether they have so much money. (4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词 的内容，if则不能。 We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not. (5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用； whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。
常见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几 种： (1)It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary，right，likely， unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious， strange，normal等)＋that从句 It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means. (2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)＋that从句 It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success.
注意：(1)在“It is necessary/important/strange/natural... ＋that 从句”结构中， 从句谓语常用“(should＋)动词原形” 形式。 (2)在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ insisted/required...＋that 从句”结构中，that 从句谓语应用 “(should＋)动词原形”。
No matter what you do，you must put your heart into it. No matter who comes late，he must be punished. 4．when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词， 则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。 They put forward the question where they could get the money.(同位语从句) This is the place where the accident happened.(定语从句)
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported， decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered， thought，considered，wellknown，announced等)＋that从 句 It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment. (4)It＋特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋ that从句 It happened to me that I had been away when he called.
It’s a shame that he has made such a mistake. I will do what I can (do) to help him. (4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。 同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不 担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作 宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从 句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放 在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以 下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief， doubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限 定和修饰。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. (3)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加 it。这类动词(短语)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full. 2．一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从 句。 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句) The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句) 2．whether和if的用法。 (1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾 语时连接词一般用whether。 It all depends on whether they will come back. (2)后面直接跟or not 时用whether。 I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.
The question of whether they are male or female is not important. I have not decided whether to go or not. (6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether 不用if。 Thank you，but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment. (7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、 “无论”，而if不能。 Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.
The problem is that we don’t have enough money. The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false. (2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词 that 可省略，但 在以下几种情况中 that 一般不省略：(A)当 that 从句和主句 谓语动词之间有插入语时；(B)有多个 that 引导的从句时， 第一个 that 可以省略，而其他的 that 常不可省略；(C)介词 except， but， besides， in 等后跟 that 引导的宾语从句时； (D) 当 when，who，what，where，why，how 等引导的从句与 that 引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。
注意：(1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。 We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived. (2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在 except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。 Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose. (3)sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等 表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。 I’m sure that they will make it in spite of the terrible weather.