12月月考
山东省菏泽市鄄城县2023-2024学年高三上学期12月月考语文试题(含答案)
鄄城县2023-2024学年高三上学期12月月考语文试题考生注意：1．本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2．答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。
3．考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。
选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。
4．本卷命题范围：人教版选择性必修上册第一、二单元。
一、基础巩固（本题共8小题，41分）1．下列各句中加点词语的解释，不正确的一项是（5分）（）A．敏于事而慎于言敏：勤勉B．苟能充之，足以保四海保：安定C．凿户牖以为室户牖：门窗D．我树之成而实五石树：建立2．下列选项中不全含有通假字的一项是（5分）（）A．苦火之始然其未兆易谋B．故盗贼有亡当察乱何自起C．知者不惑世世以洴澼絖为事D．曰余食赘行其脆易泮3．下列选项中加点词的意义和用法相同的一项是（5分）（）A．多识于鸟兽草木之名民之从事，常于几成而败之B．知所先后，则近道矣于其身也，则耻师焉C．仁者不忧，勇者不惧古之欲明明德于天下者D．颜渊曰：请问其目子曰：其“恕”乎4．下列各句中，加点词语的意思与现代汉语相同的一项是（5分）（）A．视弟子与臣若其身，恶施不慈 B．有一言而可以终身行之者乎C．一日克己复礼，天下归仁焉 D．企者不立，跨者不行5．下列选项中，加点词语活用类型不相同的一项是（5分）（）A．譬如平地知所先后，则近道矣B．不贵难得之货不耻相师C．见贤思齐焉夫子固拙于用大矣D．大学之道，在明明德其安易持，其未兆易谋6．对下列句子的句式特点的分析，正确的一项是（5分）（）①自天子以至于庶人②有一言而可以终身行之者乎③古之欲明明德于天下者④今人乍见孺子将入于井A．①②不同，③④相同 B．①②相同，③④不同C．①②不同，③④不同 D．①②相同，③④相同7．下列各项中对特殊句式的分类，正确的一项是（5分）（）①胜人者有力，自胜者强②敏于事而慎于言③为之于未有④当察乱何自起⑤非所以要誉于乡党朋友也⑥与越人水战⑦故子墨子曰不可以不劝爱人者，此也⑧羞恶之心，义之端也⑨以盛水浆⑩宋人有善为不龟手之药者A．①③④/②⑤⑥/⑦⑧/⑨/⑩ B．①④/②③⑤/⑥⑨/⑦⑧/⑩C．①④⑩/②③⑤/⑥⑨/⑦⑧ D．①③④/②⑤/⑥⑩/⑦⑧/⑨8．补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。
安徽省江淮名校2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考语文试题及答案解析
安徽省江淮名校2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考语文试题一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。
当前，绝大多数人都认为，地图的主要功能和绘制目的在于对地球的地表以及自然与社会现象的空间分布和相互关系进行图形呈现。
实际上，在漫长的历史中，地图从未能对地球的地表进行如实的呈现，时至今日依然如此。
与文本类似，虽然地图确实呈现了“地表的自然、社会经济现象的分布和相互关系”，但这种呈现的背后总是蕴含着某种（些）思想、文化和观念，甚至在大部分情况下，对某种（些）思想、文化和观念的表达才是绘制地图的功能和目的。
在论述中国古代地图上的“空间秩序”之前，先简要介绍相关概念。
“地理空间”是一种客观实在，但如果将其描绘出来，就必然会受到绘制者所处的文化和历史背景，以及个人人生体验、价值观等众多因素的影响，并由此产生“地理认知”。
在这种“地理认知”中，必然蕴含着绘制者对不同区域赋予的不同重要性，由此构建出一种“空间秩序”。
在考虑空间秩序之前，首先要考虑的就是中国古人记录地点的方式。
就日前掌握的材料而言，中国古人用于确定地点位置的主要方式就是“四至八到”。
其中“四至”是四个正方向及某处到政区边界的距离，“八到”包括四正、四隅八个方向及某处到临近治所所在城池的距离，此外还包括至上级治所以及至大都、上都，也就是都城的距离。
中国古代，对于空间的描述也是基于“四至八到”展开的。
如流传下来的历代正史地理志及地理总志和地方志中对于几乎所有地点位置的记载使用的都是“四至八到”，阅读者在浏览这些志书的时候，基于这些描绘，也就形成了对大到“天下”、小至“多村”的空间认知。
“四至八到”的数据特点就是对地点位置的记录依赖于众多其他地点，一切的地理景观只存在相对性的意义，相对于官署，相对于儒学——无论其位置、距离、方位、价值皆然，而其背后潜藏的是观看者的视角，一种从政治文化中心向外观览的视角。
2022-2023学年北京市第二中学高三上学期12月考化学试卷含逐题详解
北京二中2022—2023学年度高三年级12月月考试卷化学可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1C 12O 16N 14Na 23Cl 35.5Ti 48Fe 56第一部分选择题本部分共14题，每题3分，共42分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。
1.用化学用语表示34NH +HCl=NH Cl中的相关微粒，其中正确的是A.中子数为8的氮原子为87NB.由H 和Cl 形成HCl 的过程为C.3NH 的结构式为D.-Cl 的结构示意图为2.将2SO 通入下列溶液，实验现象体现的2SO 的性质不正确．．．的是溶液实验现象2SO 的性质A 石蕊试液溶液变红酸性B 溴水溶液褪色漂白性C 4KMnO 酸性溶液溶液褪色还原性D2H S 溶液出现淡黄色浑浊氧化性A.AB.BC.CD.D3.设A N 是阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列说法正确的是A.16218g D O 中含有的中子数为A10N B.230.1mol/L Na CO 溶液中含+Na 的个数为A 0.2N C.22.4L (标准状况)氨气所含共价键的数目为A3N D.41mol CH 与2Cl 在光照下反应生成的3CH Cl 分子数为A N 4.下列反应的原理用离子方程式表示正确的是A.室温下，测得氯化铵溶液pH 7<，证明一水合氨是弱碱：++42323NH +2H O=NH H O+H O⋅B.用氢氧化钠和铝粉做管道疏通剂：--2222Al+2OH +2H O=2AlO +3H ↑C.用碳酸氢钠溶液检验水杨酸中的羧基：+-32HCO →+2H 2O+2CO 2↑D.用高锰酸钾标准溶液滴定草酸：-+2-2+424222MnO +16H +5C O =2Mn +10CO +8H O ↑5.利用下列装置(夹持装置略)进行实验，能达到实验目的的是ABCD制备无水2MgCl 制备溴苯并验证有HBr 产生制备并收集氨气制备并收集2NO A .AB.BC.CD.D6.磷酸亚铁锂(4LiFePO )电池是新能源汽车的动力电池之一。
东莞市东华高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期12月月考英语试卷(含答案)
东莞市东华高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期12月月考英语试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Summer Journalism WorkshopExplore Journalism(新闻业) with CSPA Columbia University in the City of New York Take part in a learning experience like no other, where you will improve your skills, rethink your publishing(发行) strategies and take your media game to the next level.The Columbia Scholastic Press Association(CSPA) invites print and online staffs(工作人员) to take part in its 41st yearly Summer Journalism Workshop, offering both in-person and virtual choices this year.Each learner, whether student or adviser, can choose from classes that focus on either writing, editing, management, or advanced design.Registration opens in December 2023. We offer in-person programming. Virtual classes will also be offered to those who are unable to meet on campus.QUICK NOTESThe Workshop welcomes students and advisers from all senior high schools, whether public or private. While we do not accept junior high school students, advisers from these schools are welcome.IN-PERSON CLASSES: June 24-28, 2024·News Reporting &Writing·Editorial Leadership·Design Concepts·Advisers BootcampVIRTUAL CLASSES: July 8-12, 2024·News Reporting &Writing·Editorial LeadershipVIRTUAL CLASSES: July 15-19, 2024·News Reporting &WritingVIRTUAL CLASSES: July 22-26, 2024·News Design / Redesign·Advisers Bootcamp1．What do we know about the Workshop?A. It will last for 41 days.B. It will be hosted by CSPA.C. It will focus on news design.D. It will start from December 2023.2．Which of the following learners are refused by the Workshop?A. Print and online staffs.B. Private senior high school students.C. Public senior high school advisers.D. Junior high school students.3．When can learners take face-to-face classes on News Reporting?A. June 24-28, 2024.B. July 8-12, 2024.C. July 15-19, 2024.D. July 22-26, 2024.My mother is now 90. Thankfully, she is blessed with good health.I still remember ten years ago when she turned 80, she surprised my brother and me with what she described as “independent birthday”.One day she informed us she'd booked a seven-night trip to Turkey. Alone. Because she had never been. Of course, that was ridiculous. There was no way my brother and I could allow that. A weak, little old lady wandering the streets of Istanbul on her own, not speaking a word of Turkish, with no knowledge of the laws and customs of the land—it was out of the question!She paid no attention to us. Off she went. When she returned, she told us it had been a wonderful success. As it turned out, she had barely spent any time alone, after hiring a taxi driver to show her around Istanbul for some days. He took her to all the sites—the markets, churches and restaurants. He introduced her to a blanket seller, “a lovely fellow,” and she bought some blankets. The seller took her address details and promised to ship them to Canada. They would be arriving in three or four weeks. My mother beamed (眉开眼笑) as she told this story. The blanket seller and my mother apparently built a friendship and she told him to drop by if he were ever in Canada.To our great shock, her blankets did arrive some weeks later, along with a lovely note from the seller Mustafa. To our even greater surprise, the following year Mustafa himself arrived in Canada. He called our mother to inform her he was in Ottawa.“I invited him over and he came by for a cup of tea. They drink a lot of tea in Turkey,” my mother told my horrified brother and me.Her trip of independence seems to be thoughtfully based on a realization that life is to be lived. It reminded me of the line from the movie The Shawshank Redemption: “Get busy living or get busy dying.”4．Why did the author's mother go to Turkey alone?A. To make the author and the brother surprised.B. To celebrate her 80th birthday independently.C. To prepare herself to enter her ninth decade.D. To inform the author that she needed independence.5．Which of the following best describes the mother's trip to Turkey on the whole?A. Colorful.B. Boring.C. Dangerous.D. Challenging.6．What do we know about the blanket seller?A. He is poor but kind-hearted.B. He is outgoing and funny.C. He is rich but selfish.D. He is friendly and reliable.7．What can we learn from the text?A. It's never too old to learn.B. East or West, home is best.C. Life should be well lived.D. Time and tide wait for no man.Billionaire Elon Musk on Wednesday announced that he has formed a new artificial intelligence(AI) company, xAI, which has employed researchers from Google, OpenAI and other top technology companies. The goal, Musk tweeted, is “to understand reality.”xAI is a separate company from Musk's other businesses, such as Tesla and Twitter, but will work closely with them, according to the new company's website.mention what projects it will be working on, the company noted that its team of 11 researchers are drawn from top tech companies such as Microsoft Research, OpenAI and Google.Musk suggested that the reason he picked July 12, 2023, to announce the start of xAI is connected with a science fiction(科幻小说) classic, Douglas Adams' “The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.” In his tweet, he noted that adding the date 7-12-23 equals 42, which the work of the fiction famously assumes is the answer to life.“The goal of xAI is to understand the true nature of the universe,” the xAI website states. The company said it will be advised by Dan Hendrycks, director of the Center for AI Safety. Hendrycks pointed out where AI could cause problems. “AIs could be used by bad people to make new deadly bioweapons(生物武器),” Hendrycks said in May. “Or people could make AI that tries to hurt people on purpose. If this AI was really smart, it could be a big danger to all of us.”The first time xAI was shown to the public was after Musk talked about it in April to the former Fox News host Tucker Carlson. Musk told Carlson that OpenAI's ChatGPT was a bitbiased(有偏见的) and that he wanted to create a different tool that would be a super honest AI that tries to learn how everything in the world works.The new company reflected(反映) Musk's long-voiced concerns about a future in which AI systems could present a risk to human existence. The idea, Musk said, is that an AI that wants to understand humanity is less likely to destroy it.8．What does the underlined word “novice” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Boss.B. Coach.C. Partner.D. Beginner.9．Why did Musk announce the start of xAI on July 12, 2023?A. He chose the date to remember a friend.B. He was influenced by a number in a book.C. It was suggested by a writer at his invitation.D. It was the decision of all the 11 researchers of xAI.10．What does Hendrycks think of AI?A. It is quite worrying.B. It is money-making.C. It will not be smarter than humans.D. It can be used to punish bad people. 11．What did Musk say to Carlson?A. It will take time to create a new AI.B. OpenAI's ChatGPT has its advantages.C. Creating an honest AI is his dream.D. It is hard to change people's ideas of AI.The story about horses in North America told in several written histories is in need of an update, according to a new study. After examining archaeological(考古学的) remains(遗骸) of horses, researchers suggest Indigenous peoples(土著居民) had spread the animals through the American West by the first half of the 1600s — before they met Europeans.The findings agree with oral (口述的) histories from Indigenous groups, which tell of interactions(相互作用)with horses before settlers arrived in their homelands. Meanwhile, written European texts from the 1700s and 1800s stated that horses only spread through the area after 1680.Horses first appeared in the Americas around four million years ago, but by about 10,000 years ago, they had mostly disappeared from the record. Spanish settlers likely first brought horses back to the Americas in 1519. According to the new study, Indigenous peoples then transported horses north along trade networksTo find when the animals spread, researchers examined the remains of more than twenty horses discovered across the Western U.S. Rather than simply walking around the countryside on their own, the horses appear to have been part of Native American culture. Signs of teeth problems on one horse and growths on the bones of the head of another suggested people had put bridles(马勒) on the animals. Certain chemical elements(化学元素) in the animals' teeth suggested they ate maize, an Indigenous plant. And another horse had a previously broken facial bone that had fully recovered, meaning it might have received medical treatment.Researchers compared the ancient horses' DNA with that of modern horses and found that the centuries-old horses had largely Spanish origins(血统).Together, the findings suggest horses spread "from Spanish settlements in the American Southwest to the northern Rockies and central Great Plains by the first half of the 17th century.”The findings also highlight the importance of Indigenous oral traditions in understanding history. “Our cultures have been so misunderstood for so long,” says co-author Yvette Collin. “Too often history has been told around us, without us.”12．What needs to be updated according to the new study?A. When horses showed up in the Americas.B. Who introduced horses to North America.C. When Native Americans first met Europeans.D. Who spread horses through the American West.13．What did researchers find out about ancient horses from the remains?A. They had hardly any Spanish origins.B. They were born with tooth disease.C. They played a role in natives' life.D. They were badly treated by natives. 14．What does Collin think of oral histories?A. They spread easily.B. They show the truth.C. They pass down traditions.D. They unite Indigenous groups.15．What is the best title for the text?A. Written texts explain human-horse interactionsB. Oral histories help us understand Indigenous culturesC. New research rewrites the history of American horsesD. Archaeological remains are the key to learning about the past二、阅读补全16．Looking for something to do while waiting for the bus?①_____At 20 stops across Boston until August, you can check out digital books from the library using your smartphone. Simply scan a QR code on the blue decals(贴纸) marked "Browse, Borrow, Board" outside these stops to choose the titles you like.②_____You can choose from audiobooks, digital books, newspapers, and magazines, witha large collection of over 7,000 titles from more than 125 countries. They are mainly in English and Spanish. You are allowed to check out as many as five titles for a two-week period.This program is part of the city's efforts to make public transportation more enjoyable.③_____The city made three important bus routes free and added more bus lanes (车道).The program is a team effort between the city, the library, and the MBTA (Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority). MBTA General Manager Phillip Eng said MBTA will continue to look for ways to improve riders' experience.④_____Boston Public Library President David Leonard said that they share the value that knowledge and transportation could both be free to all. He stressed the importance of connecting public library services with public transportation:⑤_____To serve people better, the library has chosen to focus on titles that are easy to enjoy on the bus.So, the next time you find yourself waiting for the bus, take the chance to enjoy a good book from the library.A. A full list of the stops is offered online.B. It allows people to learn while they're on the go.C. He also expressed pride in this exciting partnership.D. Why not read books provided by Boston Public Library?E. The public library's digital offerings can satisfy different interests.F. Parents hope the library can offer new excellent books for their children.G. Mayor Michelle Wu mentioned other efforts they have made to public transportation.三、完形填空（15空）“What are you doing?” my fifth-grade teacher asked as I bent over the side of my desk.runs out. The more you do here in class, the less you have to do at home,” she said. She was aI cannot remember how many times per day she would say, “Use your time wisely.” Itcareer, and my family.spent with loved ones.17．A. picking B. showing C. packing D. searching18．A. explore B. repeat C. check D. work19．A. amazed B. serious C. anxious D. confused20．A. secretly B. suddenly C. unexpectedly D. unwillingly21．A. solved B. discovered C. mastered D. faced22．A. disappeared B. dropped C. rang D. broke23．A. quickly B. naturally C. directly D. extremely24．A. language B. nature C. choice D. assignment25．A. adventure B. mystery C. curiosity D. practice26．A. right B. ready C. attractive D. unique27．A. teenager B. school C. adult D. campus28．A. forgive B. pass C. care D. understand29．A. familiar B. important C. common D. special30．A. credit B. requirement C. lesson D. duty31．A. measuring B. treasuring C. saving D. imagining四、短文填空32． In June 1992, four farmers near the village of Shiyanbei in Zhejiang Province, China, made a(n) ①____(amaze) discovery. When they drained several ponds(排干几个池塘) on their land, they uncovered a secret②____(hide) under the water's surface. Five large man-made caves appeared, leading to thediscovery of 19 more caves nearby. These caves ③_________ (know) as the Longyou Caves.④________ (strange), the caves were not documented in any writings of the period. Following many studies since the caves were first found, caves scientists have tried to put forward explanations of the true purpose behind their ⑤_________ (create). But so far none have agreed. Artifacts(人工制品) within were discovered to be from the period 91 to 48 BCE,⑥________ makes the caves over 2,000 years old. The caves are ⑦__________ shockingly good shape after centuries of floods. Interestingly, the caves are of different ⑧_________ (size). Some are over 100 feet wide with vaulted ceilings(拱形天花板), supported by stone columns(柱). Others are much ⑨_________ (small).Today, five of the caves are open to tourists, inviting them to experience the great wonders of ⑩__________ past.五、单词拼写33．Will it be ________(方便的) for you to chat with me on the Internet tonight? 34．Although she only met the old man once, he made a deep ________(印象) on her. 35．Don't give up halfway, and you will find the scenery is more beautiful when you reach the ________(目的地)than when you started off.36．Li Hua is struggling to increase his English ________(词汇) this semester.37．________(事实上), I wasn't sick. I just felt tired and sleepy.38．Friendless and jobless, he knew that his chance to ________(存活) was slim.39．If you ________(假装) to know what you don’t know, you will on ly make a fool of yourself.40．After listening to the scientists and citizens, the government ________________(向……救助)the United Nations for help in 1959.41．My sister has travelled 300 kilometres to ________ ________ ________ (陪伴我)during my illness.42．________ ________ ________ (据报道) that the police are looking into the case of the two missing children.六、语法填空43．If we don’t take measures to protect the animal, it will face ______ (extinct) one day. 44．They made a ________(compare) of different countries' eating habits. 45．Second, protect your________ (private). Don’t give out your address or phone number.七、句型转换46．Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file?(用被动句改写)________ the button ________ ________ yet to copy the file?47．The problem is under discussion.(同义句改写)The problem ________ ________ ________ now.48．The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those trapped and to bury the dead.(同义句改写)The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those ________ ________ ________ and to bury the dead.八、完成句子49．你站得越高，看得就越远。
2023-2024学年青海省西宁市城西区高二上册12月月考数学模拟试题(含解析)
2023-2024学年青海省西宁市城西区高二上册12月月考数学模拟试题一、单选题1．设z =-3+2i ，则在复平面内z 对应的点位于A ．第一象限B ．第二象限C ．第三象限D ．第四象限【正确答案】C【分析】先求出共轭复数再判断结果.【详解】由32,z i =-+得32,z i =--则32,z i =--对应点（-3，-2）位于第三象限．故选C ．本题考点为共轭复数，为基础题目．2．如图，在平行六面体ABCD －A 1B 1C 1D 1中，E 为A 1C 1的中点，若BE =1xAA +y AB +z AD，则（）．A ．x ＝1，12y ＝，12z ＝－B ．x ＝1，12y ＝－，12z ＝C ．12x ＝，y ＝1，12z =-D ．12x ＝－，y ＝1，12z ＝【正确答案】B【分析】利用空间向量的加减及数乘运算法则进行计算，解决空间向量基本定理问题.【详解】由题意得：()11111111112BE BB B A A E AA AB A B A D =++=-++1111112222AA AB AB AD AA AB AD =-++=-+ ，所以111,,22x y z ==-=故选：B3．设非零向量a ，b满足a b a b +=- ，则A ．a ⊥bB ．=a bC ．a ∥bD ．a b> 【正确答案】A【详解】由a b a b +=- 平方得222222a a b b a a b b +⋅+=-⋅+ ，即0a b ⋅= ，则a b ⊥ ，故选A.本题主要考查了向量垂直的数量积表示，属于基础题.4．我国古代有着辉煌的数学研究成果．《周髀算经》、《九章算术》、《海岛算经》、《孙子算经》、……《缉古算经》等10部专著，有着十分丰富多彩的内容，是了解我国古代数学的重要文献．这10部专著中有7部产生于魏晋南北朝时期．某中学拟从这10部专著中选择2部作为“数学文化”校本课程学习内容，则所选2部专著中至少有一部是魏晋南北朝时期专著的概率为．A ．1415B ．115C ．29D．【正确答案】A【分析】设所选2部专著中至少有一部是魏晋南北朝时期专著为事件A ，可以求(P A ,运用公式()1()P A P A =-，求出()P A .【详解】设所选2部专著中至少有一部是魏晋南北朝时期专著为事件A ，所以232101(15C P A C =，因此114()1()=11515P A P A =--=,故本题选A.本题考查了求对立事件的概率问题，考查了运算能力.5．已知向量()0,1,0a = ，()3,0,2b = ，()2,1,3c =-，则有（）．A ．23a c b=- B ．a b c+= C ．()b a c⊥- D ．a b b c c a⋅=⋅=⋅ 【正确答案】C【分析】对于A ，利用向量的线性运算的坐标表示即可求解；对于B ，利用向量的摸的坐标表示即可求解；对于C ，利用向量的线性运算的坐标表示及向量垂直的坐标表示即可求解；对于D ，利用向量的数量积的坐标运算即可求解.【详解】对于A ，因为()0,1,0a = ，()3,0,2b = ，()2,1,3c =- ，所以242,0,33b ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭ ，2140,1,33c b ⎛⎫-=- ⎪⎝⎭ ，所以23a c b ≠- ，故A 不正确；对于B ，因为()0,1,0a = ，()3,0,2b = ，()2,1,3c =-，所以1,a ==b == ，c == ，所以a b c +≠ ，故B 不正确；对于C ，因为()0,1,0a = ，()2,1,3c =- ，所以()2,0,3a c -=-，又()3,0,2b = ，所以()()3200320b a c ⋅-=⨯-+⨯+⨯= ，即()b ac ⊥-，故C 正确.对于D ，因为()0,1,0a = ，()3,0,2b = ，()2,1,3c =- ，所以0310020a b ⋅=⨯+⨯+⨯=，()3201230b c ⋅=⨯+⨯+⨯-= ，()2011301c a ⋅=⨯+⨯+-⨯= ，所以a b b c c a ⋅=⋅≠⋅，故D 不正确.故选：C.6．已知sin cos αα-=α∈(0,π)，则tan α=A ．-1B ．2C ．2D ．1【正确答案】A 【详解】sin cos αα-=()0,απ∈，12sin cos 2αα∴-=，即sin 21α=-，故34πα=1tan α∴=-故选A 7．曲线2122y x =+在点51,2⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭处的切线的倾斜角为（）A ．34πB ．4πC ．23πD ．3π【正确答案】A【分析】根据导数的几何意义得到点51,2⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭处切线的斜率，再根据斜率求倾斜角即可.【详解】=y x '，所以在点51,2⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭处的切线的斜率为-1，倾斜角为34π.故选：A.8．若曲线4y x =的一条切线l 与直线480x y +-=垂直，则l 的方程为A ．430x y --=B ．450x y +-=C ．430x y -+=D ．430x y ++=【正确答案】A【详解】与直线480x y +-=垂直的直线l 为40x y m -+=，即4y x =在某一点的导数为4，而34y x '=，所以4y x =在(1，1)处导数为4，此点的切线为430x y --=，故选A9．四面体OABC 中，OA a = ，OB b = ，OC c =，点M 在线段OC 上，且2OM MC =，N 为BA 中点，则MN为（）A ．121232a b c-+ B ．211322a b c-++C ．112223a b c+-r r r D ．221332a b c++ 【正确答案】C【分析】利用空间向量的线性运算及空间向量基本定理，结合图像即可得解.【详解】解：根据题意可得，()2111232223MN MO ON OC OA OB a b c =+=-++=+-.故选：C.10．椭圆()222210x y a b a b+=>>上一点A 关于原点的对称点为B ，F 为其左焦点，若AF BF ⊥，设ABF α∠=，且,124ππα⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，则该椭圆离心率的取值范围为（）A．,12⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦B．⎣⎦C．⎫⎪⎪⎣⎭D．⎣⎦【正确答案】B【分析】确定四边形1AFBF为矩形，得到1π4e α=⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭，根据三角函数的性质得到离心率范围.【详解】设椭圆右焦点为1F ，连接1AF ，1BF ，AF BF ⊥，则四边形1AFBF 为矩形，则12sin 2cos 2AF AF AF BF c c a αα+=+=+=，故11πsin cos 4e ααα=+⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭，ππ124α⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,，则ππ32π,4α⎡⎤+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，πsin ,142α⎤⎛⎫+∈⎥ ⎪⎝⎭⎣⎦，23e ∈⎣⎦.故选：B.11．已知a<0，若直线1:210l ax y +-=与直线()2:140l x a y +++=平行，则它们之间的距离为（）A．4B．2CD4【正确答案】A【分析】根据平行关系确定参数，结合平行线之间的距离公式即可得出．【详解】解：直线1:210l ax y +-=与直线()2:140l x a y +++=平行，()120a a ∴+-=，解得2a =-或1a =，又a<0，所以2a =-，当2a =-时，直线1:2210l x y -+=与直线2:2280l x y -+=距离为4=.故选：A12．若圆221x y +=上总存在两个点到点(,1)a 的距离为2，则实数a 的取值范围是（）A ．(-⋃B ．(-C ．(1,0)(0,1)-D ．(1,1)-【正确答案】A【分析】将问题转化为圆22()(1)4x a y -+-=与221x y +=相交，从而可得2121-<+，进而可求出实数a 的取值范围.【详解】到点(,1)a 的距离为2的点在圆22()(1)4x a y -+-=上，所以问题等价于圆22()(1)4x a y -+-=上总存在两个点也在圆221x y +=上，即两圆相交，故2121-<+，解得0a -<<或0a <<所以实数a 的取值范围为(-⋃，故选：A ．二、填空题13．已知椭圆2214x y +=，过11,2P ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭点作直线l 交椭圆C 于A ，B 两点，且点P 是AB 的中点，则直线l 的方程是__________.【正确答案】220x y +-=【分析】设1(A x ，1)y ，2(B x ，2)y ，利用“点差法”、线段中点坐标公式、斜率计算公式即可得出．【详解】解：设1(A x ，1)y ，2(B x ，2)y ，则221144x y +=，222244x y +=，12121212((4)0)))((x x x x y y y y ∴+-++-=．1(1,)2P 恰为线段AB 的中点，即有122x x +=，121y y +=，1212()2()0x x y y ∴-+-=，∴直线AB 的斜率为121212y y k x x -==--，∴直线AB 的方程为11(1)22y x -=--，即220x y +-=．由于P 在椭圆内，故成立．故220x y +-=．14．过点()1,2且与圆221x y +=相切的直线的方程是______．【正确答案】1x =或3450x y -+=【分析】当直线斜率不存在时，可得直线:1l x =，分析可得直线与圆相切，满足题意，当直线斜率存在时，设斜率为k ，可得直线l的方程，由题意可得圆心到直线的距离1d r ==，即可求得k 值，综合即可得答案.【详解】当直线l 的斜率不存在时，因为过点()1,2，所以直线:1l x =，此时圆心(0,0)到直线1x =的距离为1=r ，此时直线:1l x =与圆221x y +=相切，满足题意；当直线l 的斜率存在时，设斜率为k ，所以:l 2(1)y k x -=-，即20kx y k --+=，因为直线l 与圆相切，所以圆心到直线的距离1d r ==，解得34k =，所以直线l 的方程为3450x y -+=.综上：直线的方程为1x =或3450x y -+=故1x =或3450x y -+=15．已知椭圆2211612x y +=的左、右焦点分别为12,,F F AB 是椭圆过焦点1F 的弦，则2ABF △的周长是___.【正确答案】16根据椭圆的定义求解．【详解】由椭圆的定义知12122,2,BF BF a AF AF a ⎧+=⎪⎨+=⎪⎩所以22||416AB AF BF a ++==.故16．16．已知P 为圆22(1)1x y ++=上任意一点，A ，B 为直线3470x y +-=上的两个动点，且||2AB =，则PAB 面积的最大值是___________．【正确答案】3【分析】直接利用直线和圆的位置关系，利用点到直线的距离公式和三角形的面积公式的应用求出结果．【详解】解：根据圆的方程，圆心(1,0)-到直线3470x y +-=的距离2d =，所以圆上的点P 到直线的最大距离213max d =+=，此时最大面积13232PAB S =⨯⨯=△．故3．三、解答题17．已知直线12:310,:(2)0l ax y l x a y a ++=+-+=．（1）若12l l ⊥，求实数a 的值；（2）当12l l //时，求直线1l 与2l 之间的距离．【正确答案】（1）32a =；（2【分析】（1）由垂直可得两直线系数关系，即可得关于实数a 的方程.（2）由平行可得两直线系数关系，即可得关于实数a 的方程，进而可求出两直线的方程，结合直线的距离公式即可求出直线1l 与2l 之间的距离.【详解】（1）由12l l ⊥知3(2)0a a +-=，解得32a =．（2）当12l l //时，有(2)303(2)0a a a a --=⎧⎨--≠⎩，解得3a =．此时12:3310,:30l x y l x y ++=++=，即233:90x y l ++=，则直线1l 与2l 之间的距离d =本题考查了由两直线平行求参数，考查了由两直线垂直求参数的值，属于基础题.18．在△ABC 中，内角A,B ，C 的对边分别为a ，b ，c ，且．（1）求角B 的大小；（2）若b=3，sinC=2sinA ，求a ，c 的值【正确答案】（1）B =60°（2）a c ==【详解】（1)由正弦定理得【考点定位】本题主要考察三角形中的三角函数，由正余弦定理化简求值是真理19．如图，已知正方体1111ABCD A B C D -的棱长为2，E 、F 分别为1AD 、1CD 中点.(1)求证：EF BD ⊥;(2)求两异面直线BD 与1CD 所成角的大小.【正确答案】(1)见解析(2)3π【分析】（1）利用向量乘积为0证明即可；（2）利用向量法求异面直线所成的角.【详解】（1）如图,建立空间直角坐标系D xyz -则(0,0,0),(2,2,0),(1,0,1),(0,1,1)D BEF (1,1,0),(2,2,0)EF BD =-=--因为2200EF BD ⋅=-+=所以EF BD ⊥,即EF BD⊥（2）11(0,2,0),(0,0,2),(0,2,2)C D CD =-1111cos ,2||BD CD BD CD BD CD ⋅==设异面直线BD 与1CD 所成角为θ,则0,2πθ⎛⎤∈ ⎥⎝⎦所以3πθ=,即异面直线BD 与1CD 所成角的大小为3π20．如图，在长方体ABCD －A 1B 1C 1D 1中，AB ＝2BC ＝2CC 1＝2，点E 是DC的中点．(1)求点D 到平面AD 1E 的距离；(2)求证：平面AD 1E ⊥平面EBB 1．【正确答案】(2)证明过程见解析.【分析】（1）建立空间直角坐标系，求出平面1D AE 的法向量，利用点到平面距离公式求出答案；（2）利用空间向量的数量积为0证明出1,EA EB EA BB ⊥⊥，从而证明出线面垂直，进而证明出面面垂直.【详解】（1）以D 为坐标原点，分别以DA ，DC ，1DD 为x 轴，y 轴，z 轴，建立空间直角坐标系，则()()()()()()110,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,2,0,1,2,1D A E D B B ，设平面1D AE 的法向量为(),,m x y z = ，则()()()()1,,1,0,10,,1,1,00m D A x y z x z m EA x y z x y ⎧⋅=⋅-=-=⎪⎨⋅=⋅-=-=⎪⎩，令1x =得：1,1y z ==，所以()1,1,1m = ，则点D 到平面AD 1E 的距离为DA m d m⋅= ；（2）()()11,1,0,0,0,1EB BB == ，所以()()1,1,01,1,0110EA EB ⋅=-⋅=-= ，()()11,1,00,0,10EA BB ⋅=-⋅= ，所以1,EA EB EA BB ⊥⊥，因为1EB BB B =，1,EB BB ⊂平面1EBB ，所以EA ⊥平面1EBB ，因为EA ⊂平面1D AE ，所以平面1D AE ⊥平面1EBB .21．某企业为了了解职工对某部门的服务情况，随机访问50名职工，根据这50名职工对该部门的评分，绘制频率分布直方图（如图所示）：(1)求频率分布直方图中a 的值；(2)估计该企业的职工对该部门评分的中位数与平均值；(3)从评分在[)40,60的受访职工中，随机抽取2人，求此2人评分都在[)40,50的概率.【正确答案】(1)0.006a =；(2)中位数为5357，均值为76.2；(3)110【分析】（1）根据频率和为1可求频率分布直方图中a 的值;（2）根据组中值可求平均值，根据前3组、前4组的频率和可求中位数.（3）利用古典概型的概率计算公式可求概率.【详解】（1）由直方图可得(0.0040.0180.02220.028)101a +++⨯+⨯=，故0.006a =.（2）由直方图可得平均数为(0.004450.006550.018950.022650.022850.02875)1076.2⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯⨯=.前3组的频率和为0.0040.0060.022)100.32++⨯=，前3组的频率和为0.0040.0060.0220.028)100.6+++⨯=，故中位数在[)70,80，设中位数为x ，则700.320.280.510x -+⨯=，故5357x =.故中位数为5357.（3）评分在[)40,60的受访职工的人数为()0.0040.00610505+⨯⨯=，其中评分在[)40,50的受访职工的人数为2，记为,a b在[)50,60的受访职工人数为3，记为,,A B C ，从5人任取2人，所有的基本事件如下：{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{},,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,a b a A a B a C b A b B b C A B A C B C ，基本事件的总数为10，而2人评分都在[)40,50的基本事件为{},a b ，故2人评分都在[)40,50的概率为110.22．如图，已知椭圆2222:1(0)x y C a b a b +=>>的左、右顶点分别是,A B ，且经过点1,2⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，直线:1l x ty =-恒过定点F 且交椭圆于,D E 两点，F 为OA 的中点.(1)求椭圆C 的标准方程;(2)记BDE △的面积为S ，求S 的最大值.【正确答案】(1)2214x y +=(2)2【分析】（1）由直线过定点坐标求得a ，再由椭圆所过点的坐标求得b 得椭圆方程；（2）设()()1122,,,E x y D x y ，直线l 方程与椭圆方程联立消元后应用韦达定理得12122223,44t y y y y t t +==-++，计算弦长DE ，再求得B 到直线l 的距离，从而求得三角形面积，由函数的性质求得最大值．【详解】（1）由题意可得，直线:1l x ty =-恒过定点(1,0)F -，因为F 为OA 的中点，所以||2OA =，即2a =.因为椭圆C经过点1,⎛ ⎝⎭，所以2222112b ⎛ ⎝⎭+=，解得1b =，所以椭圆C 的方程为2214x y +=.（2）设()()1122,,,E x y D x y .由22441x y x ty ⎧+=⎨=-⎩得()224230,0t y ty +--=∆>恒成立，则12122223,44t y y y y t t +==-++，则||ED ===又因为点B 到直线l 的距离d =所以11||22S ED d =⨯⨯==令m =26611m m m m==++，因为1y m m=+，m 时，2110y m'=->，1y m m =+在)m ∈+∞上单调递增，所以当m时，min 13m m ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭时，故max 2S =.即S的最大值为方法点睛：本题求椭圆的标准方程，直线与椭圆相交中三角形面积问题，计算量较大，属于难题．解题方法一般是设出交点坐标，由（设出）直线方程与椭圆方程联立方程组消元后应用韦达定理，然后由弦长公式求得弦长，再求得三角形的另一顶点到此直线的距离，从而求得三角形的面积，最后利用函数的性质，基本不等式等求得最值．。
2023-2024学年广东省广州市十校联考四年级(上)月考数学试卷(12月)(含答案)
2023-2024学年广东省广州市十校联考四年级（上）月考数学试卷一、选择题（选择正确答案的字母编号填在括号里）（共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）1．海珠区位于广州市中心，总面积约90.4（ ）A．平方分米B．平方米C．平方千米D．公顷2．钟面上6时45分，时针与分针所夹的角是（ ）A．锐角B．直角C．钝角D．平角3．角的两条边都是（ ）A．线段B．射线C．直线D．曲线4．学校的伸缩门利用了平行四边形的（ ）A．不稳定性B．稳定性C．牢固性D．无法判断5．直角梯形有（ ）个直角。
A．1B．2C．3D．46．已知A÷B＝8，下面算式中，商与它相同的是（ ）A．（A+10）÷（B+10）B．（A×10）÷（B÷10）C．（A÷10）÷（B×10）D．（A÷10）÷（B÷10）7．260×50的积的末尾有（ ）个0。
A．1B．2C．3D．48．要使536÷□3的商是两位数，□里共有（ ）种不同的填法。
A．3B．4C．5D．6二、填空题（共8小题，共20分）9．在横线里填上“＞”“＜”或“＝”。
（1）9公顷 900平方米；（2）5平方千米 500公顷；（3）周角 平角 钝角 直角 锐角。
10．把下面各数从大到小排一排。
804003000、8040030000、804030000、80400030011．（1）8000640读作： ；（2）5000002700读作： 。
12．三千零六万四千零一十二写作： ，省略万位后面的尾数约是 万。
13．七百五十亿八千万零三百写作： ，省略亿位后面的尾数约是 亿。
14．如图，在平行四边形ABCD中。
（1）AB∥ ；BC∥ 。
（2）AD＝ ，DC＝ 。
（3）量一量，∠1＝ °，∠2＝ °。
（4）过A点画出平行四边形ABCD的高，并标出相应的底。
辽宁省实验中学2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考地理试卷(含答案)
辽宁省实验中学2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考地理试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题某岛的地理位置十分特殊，由于旅游业发达被誉为“免税购物天堂”，同时也成为某大洋重要的战略门户。
据此完成下面小题。
1．估算岛屿总面积最接近的是( )A.246.4平方千米B.684.5平方千米C.846.5平方千米D.1000.5平方千米2．该岛屿位于( )A.北大西洋B.北印度洋C.东太平洋D.西太平洋某地理兴趣小组在针对区域地理进行学习时绘制了某大洲的地形剖面图，有助于更好地掌握相关知识。
下图示意沿40°N纬线所做的该大洲地形剖面。
据此完成下面小题。
3．该大洲甲地( )A.降水量大B.多火山、地震C.草原辽阔D.流水侵蚀较强4．图示乙海域( )A.东岸河流多短小流急B.冰川地貌广泛发育C.周边为温带海洋性气候D.海水含盐量较高中南半岛是世界上稻米的主要产区之一，其中泰国香米知名度最高。
下图为2001—2020年中南半岛主要稻米生产国稻米产量和单产年均变化统计图。
据此完成下面小题。
5．2001—2020年中南半岛主要稻米生产国中( )A.泰国稻米单产最低B.越南稻米种植面积缩小C.老挝稻米总产量最高D.缅甸稻米品质提高快6．中南半岛种植水稻的主要优势是( )A.以平原为主，土壤较肥沃B.全年高温多雨，气候适宜C.迁入人口多，稻米需求多D.劳动力充足，且经验丰富7．老挝水稻种植业的最优发展方向是( )A.继续扩大水稻种植面积B.树立优质稻米品牌C.大量使用化肥提高单产D.人工除虫提升品质读“中国与世界10个人口最多国家的资源平均状况对比图”和“世界10个人口最多国家按资源环境安全分类表”。
据此完成下面小题。
9．印度属于“次低安全度国家”的原因是( )A.水旱灾害频繁B.矿产资源短缺C.人口众多D.地形以高原、山地为主2022年卡塔尔足球世界杯于11月21日至12月18日举行，小组赛安排在当地时间的每天13点、16点、19点和22点。
天津市2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题含答案
2023-2024天津市高二年级第一学期第二次阶段性检测英语试卷（答案在最后）本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，满分150分，考试时间120分钟第Ⅰ卷(共三部分;满分90分)第一部分：听力部分(共两节，满分20分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有十秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)听对话，选择正确选项。
1.What does the woman think of the examination paper?A.Difficult.B.Easy.C.Proper.2.Where will the concert be given?A.In Vienna.B.In Beijing.C.On the street.3.How much does the woman have to pay if she stays for2days?A.$24.B.$20.C.$12.4.What can we learn from the conversation?A.The woman doesn’t like pear juice.B.The man broke the juice bottle.C.The man was looking for pear juice.5.What is the woman?A.A journalist.B.A film-maker.C.An actress.第二节：(共10小题;每题1.5分，满分15分)听下面三段材料。
每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项，并标在试题的相应位置。
听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读每个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
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51
36
87
王小西
47.5
33
80.5
李明睿
51
34
85
骆妍珉
46.5
31
77.5
王山而
52.5
31
83.5
刘龙晗
44.5
33
77.5
徐桓
46.5
35
81.5
张雨荷
44.5
32
76.5
李佳茵
51
30
81
童贞怡
42.5
32
74.5
王一帆
50.5
30
80.5
何昶
45.5
29
74.5
王天瑶
49
31
80
杜启明
38
26
64
刘宇同
38
26
64
曹峻淇
33
24
57
注：8班平均分年级第一。注：1班平均分平行班第二。
67
杨壮飞
43
31
74
杨宇光
37
30
67
沙孟琦
43.5
30
73.5
赵子秋
36
29
65
刘嘉凝
47.5
26
73.5
宋欣雨
33
28
61
朱余鑫
47.5
25
72.5
刘恒志
36.5
24
60.5
刘晓萌
45
27
72
杨拓
32
28
60
秦苏童
41
31
72
王浩宇
31
29
60
陈戬武
45.5
26
71.5
许斌
28
32
60
佟彤
44
70
龚晓泽
48
30
78
杨翰明
42
28
70
张宇慧
50
27
77
金奕霖
38
32
70
尤艳东
46.5
30
76.5
朱家乐
39.5
30
69.5
石承宇
46.5
30
76.5
黄则诚
42
27
69
池越清
41.5
35
76.5
王志杰
41.5
26
67.5
刘洪熙
46.5
28
74.5
王祎阁
43
24
67
张逸飞
43
31
74
袁令啸
39
28
王大霖
45.5
29
74.5
郭可奕
46
33
79
胡智淇
47
27
74
赵国煜
48
31
79
李依洋
43.5
30
73.5
唐义虓
49
30
79
昝子琪
42.5
31
73.5
李易静
46
33
79
张妍
42
30
72
杨帆
49.5
29
78.6.5
32
78.5
田羽琦
41
30
71
范心怡
47
31
78
耿文馨
42
28
27
71
张煜昊
32
27
59
解恒静
45
25
70
朱佳辉
37.5
21
58.5
潘笑
45.5
24
69.5
刘续岩
30.5
27
57.5
刘家铭
43
26
69
丁志凯
28.5
28
56.5
果硕
39
30
69
陈硕
29
25
54
张曦
44
25
69
叶诚傲
22.5
20
42.5
邢玮
42.5
26
68.5
徐熙昀
39
29
68
刘镔诺
40.5
24
64.5