过去进行时和现在完成时
过去进行时一、概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。
二、结构：肯定句：主语+was /were + 动词ing形式+其它We were watching TV at nine last night.否定句：主语+was /were + not+动词ing形式+其它We were not watching TV at nine last night.一般疑问句：Was /Were+主语+ 动词ing形式+其它+？Were we watchi ng TV at nine last night.? Yes,we were. No,we weren’t.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它+？三、常用的时间状语at 7 last night, at this time ,at that time, this morning, the whole morning,all day yesterday, from nine to ten，last evening, when, while，as引导的过去时间状语连用如：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.例题：As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.A.read；was fallingB. was reading；fellC. was reading；was fallingD. read；fell答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。
描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
句意为"在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。
昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
一.按要求进行句型转换。
1.Kate was reviewing her lessons at eight last night .一般疑问句：肯/否回答：对划线部分提问：1.He ran in the park .(用at this time yesterday改写)2.They were playing computer games at nine last night.( 对划线部分提问)二.根据汉语提示完成句子。
1.他们那时不在打排球。
They _______ _______ volleyball at that time.2.当你回来时，他在看电视吗？_______ he _______ Tv when you came back?3.昨天中午他在哪里等你？_______ _______ he _______ for you at noon yesterday ?4.当我离开时，他正在做家庭作业。
He ________ ________ his homework when I left.5.正当他们扫地的时候，老师进来了。
While they_______ _______ the floor , the teacher came in.三．选择题：( )1.My brother ___ while he ___ his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell, was ridingB. fell, were ridingC. had fallen, rodeD. had fallen, was riding ( )2. Tom ___ into the house when no one ___.A. slipped, was lookingB. had slipped, lookedC. slipped, had lookedD. was slipping, looked ( )3.The last time I __ Jane she ___ cotton in the fields.A. had seen, was pickingB. saw, pickedC. had seen, pickedD. saw, was picking ( )4.I don ' t think Jim saw me; he ___ into space.A. just staredB. was just staringC. has just staredD. had just stared( )5.I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at the time.A. has workedB. was workingC. had been workingD. had worked( )6.---Hey, look where you are going! ---Oh, I ' m terribly sorry.________.A. I ' m not noticingB. I wasn ' t noticingC. I haven ' t noticedD. I don ' t notice( )7. The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it.A. was travelingB. traveledC. had been travelingD. was to travel( )8. I ___ my breakfast when the morning post came.A. hadB. had been havingC. have been havingD. was having( )9.When I arrived at his office, he ___ on the phone.A. was speakingB. spokeC. had been speakingD. had spoken( )10. “ What ' s the matter, Ali? You look sad. ”“ Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I ___ of my friends back home. ”A. just thoughtB. have just been thinkingC. was just thinkingD. have just though现在完成时一、概念：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
（过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去）二、构成:肯定陈述句：主语+ have/has + 动词过去分词+ 其他。
(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。
过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。
) 否定式: 主语+ haven't/hasn't +动词过去分词+ 其他。
疑问式: Have /Has + 主语+ 动词过去分词+ 其他?肯/否答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has. No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.* 以already, just和yet为标志already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。
* 以ever和never为标志ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。
* 以动作发生的次数为标志若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。
* 以so far为标志so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。
* since +时间点for+ 时间段注意：①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。
如：in 1998, last morning等②have/has been to 表示"去过"（去而已归）have/has gone to 表示"去了"（去而未归）如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在)Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)例：I ______ you for a long time. Where ______ you ______?A. Didn't seen; did, goB. didn't see; have, goneC. haven't seen; have, beenD. haven't seen; have gone解析：for+段时间一般预先在完成时连用。
"你去哪儿了？"（在这段时间你不在）应选C常见的瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换有come→be here，begin／start→be on，borrow→keep，buy→have，die→be dead，end／finish→be over，get up→be up，go(get)out→be out，fall asleep→be asleep, leave→be away from, join→be in／be a member of，put on→wear，catch a cold→have a cold，open (动词) → be open （形容词），close (动词) → be closed（形容词），get up →be up ，finish →be over，start/begin→ be on ，borrow →keep，buy→ have等。
练习：( )1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know( )2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still( ) 3、Have you met Mr Li ______？Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago( )4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written( )5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; goodＣ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better( ) 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; studyＣ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying( ) 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew( )8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see( )9、—These farmers have been to the United States .—Really ? When _____ there ?Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they goＣ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone ( )10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finishedＣ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish( )11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in( ) 12、—Do you know him well ?—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made( ) 13、—How long have you ____ here ?—About two months .Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived( ) 14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begunＣ. has been on Ｄ. began( )15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was( )16、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been( ) 17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been toＣ. have gone to Ｄ. have been ( )18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so theyB. don’t theyC. have theyD. haven’t they( )19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived( )20、His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university二二．句型转换：1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) have they been here?3、The old man _________ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)This factory ________ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)___________________________________________三、汉译英1.已做完作业，他现在有空了。
W动词的时态(二)现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时
动词时态1.现在完成时定义：用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而对现在产生了影响: 动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。
也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间标志：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, …-----模糊的时间状语动词形式（结构标志）：have/has（助动词）+done（动词的过去分词形式）1）现在完成时强调动作的完成Where have you been since I saw you?自我上次见你之后，你到哪里去了？Technical innovation has brought about tremendous changes to the plant.技术革新已给该厂带来巨大变化。
2）现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的状态Give me something to eat ,please. I haven’t eaten anything since yesterday.给我点吃的。
我从昨天开始就没有吃任何东西了。
3）现在完成时与特定词语照应这些词包括：since（自从），so far （迄今为止），as yet（迄今为止），over the past···（在过去的······时间里）等等So far we haven’t drawn any conclusion on this matter.至今我们还没有就这件事情得出任何结论。
Over the years, a large number of overseas students have studied at the university.多年以来，有大量国外留学生在那所大学就读。
一般过去时、过去进行时和现在完成时-区别
过去进行时与一般过去时一、时间状语不同一般过去时的时间状语主要有：yesterday (morning, afternoon, evening), last night (week, month, year), ago, the day before yesterday, in 2003, just now, long long ago, one day等；过去进行时的时间状语有：at this / that time yesterday, the whole evening, all day yesterday等。
试比较：He introduced Tom to us just now. 刚才他向我们介绍了汤姆。
She was doing some washing all day yesterday. 昨天她洗了一整天的衣服。
二、强调动作的角度不同一般过去时强调动作的发生或状态的存在；而过去进行时强调动作正在进行的延续性。
试比较：I got up at five the day before yesterday. 前天我是五点起床的。
He was painting the lab the whole day yesterday. 昨天他一整天都在粉刷实验室。
三、动词的特点不同1. 行为动词在这两种时态中均可使用。
例如：We planted trees two days ago. 两天前我们植树了。
We were planting trees this time last Friday. 上周五这时候我们在植树。
2. 有些动词只用于一般过去时，而不能用于过去进行时。
例如：1) 表示感观的动词：feel, hear, know, see, smell, taste等。
2) 表示状态、感情的动词：be, dislike, have, hate, love, like, want, wish等。
3) 表示心理活动的动词：forget, realize, recognize, remember, understand等。
过去进行时与现在完成时
过去进行时一、概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。
二、结构：肯定句：主语+was /were + 动词ing形式+其它We were watching TV at nine last night.否定句：主语+was /were + not+动词ing形式+其它We were not watching TV at nine last night.一般疑问句：Was /Were+主语+ 动词ing形式+其它+？Were we watchi ng TV at nine last night.? Yes,we were. No,we weren’t.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它+？三、常用的时间状语at 7 last night, at this time ,at that time, this morning, the whole morning,all day yesterday, from nine to ten，last evening, when, while，as引导的过去时间状语连用如：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.例题：As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.A.read；was fallingB. was reading；fellC. was reading；was fallingD. read；fell答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。
八大时态的基本结构
八大时态的基本结构八大时态是指英语中的基本时态，包括简单现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时。
下面将对每个时态的基本结构进行详细说明。
1.简单现在时简单现在时主要用来描述经常发生的动作、事实、常规情况以及普遍真理。
它的基本结构为：主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数需在动词末尾加-s/-es）+ 其他成分For example:- I play basketball every day.- He watches TV every night.- They speak English fluently.2.一般过去时一般过去时用来表示已经结束的动作或状态。
它的基本结构为：主语+动词过去式+其他成分For example:- I played basketball yesterday.- He watched a movie last night.- They spoke to their teacher this morning.3.一般将来时一般将来时用来表示将来发生的动作或情况。
它的基本结构为：主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他成分For example:- I will play basketball tomorrow.- He will watch a movie later.- They will speak to their teacher next week.4.现在进行时现在进行时用来表示正在进行的动作。
它的基本结构为：主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing形式 + 其他成分For example:- I am playing basketball right now.- He is watching a movie at the moment.- They are speaking to their teacher currently.5.过去进行时过去进行时用来表示在过去其中一时刻正在进行的动作。
W动词的时态(二)现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时
动词时态1.现在完成时定义：用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而对现在产生了影响: 动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。
也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间标志：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, …-----模糊的时间状语动词形式（结构标志）：have/has（助动词）+done（动词的过去分词形式）1）现在完成时强调动作的完成Where have you been since I saw you?自我上次见你之后，你到哪里去了？Technical innovation has brought about tremendous changes to the plant.技术革新已给该厂带来巨大变化。
2）现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的状态Give me something to eat ,please. I haven’t eaten anything since yesterday.给我点吃的。
我从昨天开始就没有吃任何东西了。
3）现在完成时与特定词语照应这些词包括：since（自从），so far （迄今为止），as yet（迄今为止），over the past···（在过去的······时间里）等等So far we haven’t drawn any conclusion on this matter.至今我们还没有就这件事情得出任何结论。
Over the years, a large number of overseas students have studied at the university.多年以来，有大量国外留学生在那所大学就读。
高中英语时态用法：过去进行时和现在完成时
高中英语时态用法：过去进行时和现在完成时高中英语时态用法：过去进行时和现在完成时在英语学习中，时态是非常重要的一个内容，有正确地理解和掌握，才能够准确地表达自己的意思并很好地与别人交流。
其中，过去进行时和现在完成时是两个非常常用的英语时态，在学习时需要格外重视。
一、过去进行时过去进行时是用来描述过去某一具体时刻或时间段内正在进行的动作的。
用法：was/were+ 现在分词。
比如：1. I was watching TV when he called me.2. When I was studying, my brother was playing games.3. They were sleeping when I entered the house.过去进行时有时也用来表示两个或多个动作同时发生，此时需要将各个动作的过去进行时连写。
比如：1. She was cooking the dinner while he was setting the table.2. We were playing games and reviewing the book at the same time.二、现在完成时现在完成时是用来描述发生在过去某一时间到现在这段时间内的动作，并强调这段时间内动作对现在造成的影响。
用法：have/has+过去分词。
比如：1. I have eaten lunch.2. She has visited New York twice.3. He has finished the project.现在完成时也可用于描述某一经验、特殊现象或重要成果等，比如：1. I have been to China many times.2. They have learned English for five years.3. We have established a new company.不过，现在完成时有时也容易与过去完成时混淆。
三种时态现在进行完成过去进行
5.用法
2.现在完成时表示持续 该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作或开始的状语 在过去并未完成或结束，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能 继续下去(也可能到此结束)，如汉语说“他在我们学校教书已 有30年了”，显然“他在我们学校教书”是从30年前开始， 并且一直教到现在，已经持续了30年；又如汉语说“自上个 星期以来他一直很忙”，显然“忙”是从上个星期开始的， 并且这一“忙”就一直忙到现在。如： He has taught in our school for 30 years. 他在我们学校教书 已有30年了。 He has been busy since last week. 自上个星期以来他一直很 忙。 He has worked for us ever since he left school. 他离开学校 以后就一直为我们工作
注意点 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，
（如表示过去的时间状语），如： yesterday(morning、afternoon)， last(morning、afternoon）等
2.
.一段时间+has passed+since从句 现在完成时常和短语 “up to now /till now”,“so far” （意思是从过去某一确定的 时间一直延续到现在)连用。 eg：Up to/till now he‘s read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。 eg：I‘ve been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。
分词〕形式 第一人称单数I+am+动词ing. 第一人称复数We+are+动词ing. 第二人称单(复)数 You+are+动词ing 第三人称单数 He（She，it）+is+动词ing 第三人称复数 They+are+动词ing
英语最常用的8种时态
英语最常用的8种时态英语最常用的8种时态：一般现在时、一般现过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、—般将来时、过去将来时。
1、一般现在时一般现在时，是一种英语语法形式。
表示通常性、规律性、习惯性、真理性（即事实）的动作或状态，或者动作有时间规律发生的事件的一种时间状态。
在英语语法中，“时“指动作发生的时间，”态“指动作的样子和状态。
2、一般现过去时一般过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。
在英语时态中，“时“指动作发生的时间，”态“指动作的样子和状态。
一般过去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。
3、现在进行时现在进行时，专业术语，是英语的一种时态，表示现在进行的动作或存在的状态。
在英语时态中，“时“指动作发生的时间，”态“指动作的样子和状态。
现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在”，动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。
4、过去进行时过去进行时，表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。
在英语时态中，“时“指动作发生的时间，”态“指动作的样子和状态。
5、现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义：表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如：many times，just，yet，ever，never，already，before，so far, by now等连用。
6、过去完成时过去完成时：表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。
在英语时态中，“时“指动作发生的时间，”态“指动作的样子和状态。
它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。
7、—般将来时一般将来时表示将来某一时段的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。
在英语时态中，“时“指动作发生的时间，”态“指动作的样子和状态。
一般过去时,过去进行时和现在完成时的区别
一般过去时，过去进行时和现在完成时的区别一、一般过去时1．表示在过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：a few minutes ago, yesterday, last month 等，以及以when 等引导的时间状语从句连用。
The thief entered the building a few minutes ago.A big fire destroyed the whole forest last year.The telephone rang, when I was reading the news report.2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与时间状语often，used to或would连用，表示“常常，经常”。
She often came to help us.When he was young, he would help his father on the farm.3. 有些情况，发生的时间不很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的应当用过去时态。
It was a pity that you didn’t go to the lecture.I was glad to receive your letter.I didn’t know you were so busy.4. 表示过去习惯的动作。
When she was a young girl, she often went to her grandpa’s.5. 在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。
I would tell her the news as soon as she came.二、过去进行时构成：was / were + doing1．表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。
He was playing tennis at five yesterday afternoon.What were you doing at nine last night?At that time, she was working in a lab.In those years we were having a hard time.We were picking cotton when he arrived.2. 表示按计划，安排过去将要发生的动作。
初中英语语法六大时态
初中英语语法六大时态初中英语通常涵盖的六大时态是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时。
以下是这些时态的基本结构和用法：1.一般现在时 (Present Simple)1.结构：主语+ 动词原形（第三人称单数使用动词第三人称单数形式）2.用途：描述经常发生的动作或状态；表达客观事实、普遍真理或习惯性动作；表示主语的特征或状态。
3.例子：She always gets up early. (她总是早起。
)2.一般过去时 (Past Simple)1.结构：主语+ 动词过去式2.用途：描述过去某个时间发生的动作或状态；叙述过去的事实或经历。
3.例子：I watched TV last night. (我昨晚看了电视。
)3.一般将来时 (Future Simple)1.结构：主语+ will + 动词原形2.用途：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态；表示计划、意愿或预测。
3.例子：She will go to the party tomorrow. (她明天要去参加聚会。
)4.现在进行时 (Present Continuous)1.结构：主语+ be 动词（am/is/are）+ 动词-ing2.用途：描述当前正在进行的动作或正在发生的情况。
3.例子：They are playing football now. (他们现在正在踢足球。
)5.过去进行时 (Past Continuous)1.结构：主语+ be 动词的过去式（was/were）+ 动词-ing2.用途：描述过去某个时间正在进行的动作或状态。
3.例子：When I was a child, I was always playing outside. (当我还是个孩子的时候，我总是在外面玩。
)6.现在完成时 (Present Perfect)1.结构：主语+ have/has + 过去分词2.用途：描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；表示从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。