新托福写作 高分词汇
托福写作高分形容词类好词妙句汇总分享
托福写作高分形容词类好词妙句汇总分享想要在托福写作的词汇运用这一项上展现实力，考生需要做的不仅是提升写作词汇量的积累，下面就和大家分享托福写作高分词汇实例赏。
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托福写作高分词汇实例赏析形容词类好词妙句汇总分享托福写作高分词汇实例赏析：形容词类effective 有效的、实际的Taking part in competitive sports events is an effective method of becoming a well-balanced person.enhanced 加强的、提高的It has been essential for everyone to combine his/her efforts for an enhanced standard of living.essential 必须的、必要的There is no denying that one essential condition in achieving personal happiness is to make others happy.excessive 过量的、多余的In recent years, the policy of “reducing the students’ load” has been implemented by the Chinese government, with the purpose of freeing children from excessive school pressure.extensive 广泛的、大量的Everyone has his/her own field of expertise, and therefore if scholars are talking about their professions, they are bound to have extensive knowledge on the subject.far-reaching 深远的、意义重大的No matter whether the business finally succeeds or not, such experience will bring about far-reaching benefits to a person’s life.fast-paced 快速的、快节奏的The fast-paced living style has reduced the frequency with which people have a face-to-face conversation.fatal 致命的、严重的There have been many news reports about nuclear power stations polluting water and air as well as causing a large amount of fatal illness.favorable 有利的、赞许的Assessing the land potential and searching for alternatives for land use are favorable options for the government.fierce 激烈的、剧烈的When young people join in the fierce competition of the job market, making a careful decision is meaningful to their professional life.formidable 巨大的、艰难的It is difficult for people to visualize the formidable pains that athletes have endured in their daily training.fruitful 有成效的、有益的Covering diversified areas of knowledge and mastering extensive skills will benefit those who dream of a fruitful future.fundamental 根本的、基础的The fundamental qualities, such as being obedient, grateful, and responsible, have been well preserved and passed down through the years.heatedly-discussed 激烈讨论的、热点的A heatedly-discussed proposal has been brought to attention recently regarding the feasibility of paying teachers according to how well their students perform.highly-competitive 竞争激烈的The highly-competitive job market and overwhelming life pressure urges many college graduates to give up their passion and choose to work in another field.increasing 越来越多的、渐增的With the increasing popularity of different poker games among adults, we could easily sense their effectiveness in helping people relax.immense 巨大的、无限的The emotional gratification most people receive from their pets is immense.imperative 必要的、至关重要的A good leader is imperative to one’s success ful career.indispensable 必要的、不可或缺的The advertising industry has established itself as an indispensable power that values commercial prosperity.inescapable 不可避免的、责无旁贷的It is the inescapable responsibility of the government to raise funds and offer financial assistance to the poor.inevitable 必然的、不可避免的It is inevitable that each individual will have his/her own perspective and points of view; however, people with different views could also succeed as a team.innumerable 大量的、无数的Citizens have the opportunity to educate themselves with innumerable new sources at their disposal.invaluable 宝贵的、无价的The inner peace and balance that I enjoy from the company with my family members are invaluable to me.keen 敏锐的、渴望的Allowing students to make personal comments on a certain topic trains them to think with keen observation and objective insight.main/major 主要的、重要的A series of complicated social elements are the main/major obstacles that force job hunters or employees to give up the ideal of a life-long position.multifaceted 多样的、多面的Experts are talented individuals who have assimilated multifaceted knowledge from many areas, and are able to apply it with ease.preferable 更好的、更可取的Learning in a regular classroom is greatly preferable to learning in a virtual classroom.primary 主要的、首要的The primary purpose of most games is to make people feel happy and relaxed.proficient 熟练的、精通的I am more proficient in using machines than I am doing the same work by hand, and machines are faster and more efficient.profound 深远的、重要的Technological innovations have brought about profound changes to the political, economic, and cultural arenas of a nation.remarkable 重要的、引人注目的The concepts and ideas, created by wise men in ancient times, have r emarkable impacts on one’s character-shaping and problem-solving.significant 重大的、有效的Learning a new language shows a significant increase in an individual’s memory capacity.slim 微小的、极少的With the improvement of multilateral relations among different nations, the chances of another world war have become slimmer than ever.unprecedented 空前的、无前例的Most working class faces unprecedented workplace challenges and competition.unremitting 不懈的、持续的All social units ought to make unremitting efforts to create a suitable atmosphere for working and learning.vital 重要的、致命的In such a fiercely competitive society, making the right decision for the future is of vital importance to each individual’s success.托福考试作文独立写作范文：花长时间做重要决定是好品质吗(A/D)Spending a long time in making an important decision is often considered as a bad quality. However, some people think that it is a good quality for a person.举一反三：A/D: One quality that a successful leader must have is to make decision quickly; when a leader takes too much time to make decisions, he will be seen as ineffective to the people he lead.点睛题目大意：花长时间做重要决定是一种好的品质。
托福的必背词汇
托福的必背词汇托福的必背词汇托福的必背词汇1amazing: 使人十分惊奇的;令人惊讶的Your English is amazing.你的英语太让人吃惊了。
cool: 好;妙;帅;酷;凉You look cool in your new suit.你穿这套新衣服真酷。
cute: 漂亮的;可爱的;逗人喜爱的;聪明的He’s really cute.他真可爱。
excellent: 优秀的;杰出的Our teacher speaks excellent English.我们老师的英语说得好极了。
fabulous: 极好的;绝妙的A: How do you like the show?你觉得这场表演如何?B: Fabulous!棒极了!fantastic: 极好的;了不起的You’ve got the job? Fantastic!你得到那份工作了?太好了!marvelous: 极好的;非凡的That’s a marvelous idea!这主意真是棒极了。
special:特别的;不寻常的You know, you are really special!你知道吗，你真的很特别。
wonderful: 精彩的;绝妙的;令人惊奇的She has a wonderful memory.她的记忆力惊人。
托福的必背词汇2Penal adj. 刑的,刑法上的,刑罚的Illegitimate adj. 不法的Default n. 缺席;不履行;拖欠v. 不履行,拖欠;Violate v. 违犯,冒犯,亵渎Violation n. 违反;违反行为Compulsory adj. 被强制的,义务的,强迫的Oblige v . 强制,束缚Responsible adj. 有责任的,责任重大的Confiscate v. 没收;查抄;充公Convict n. 囚犯,罪犯 v. 宣告有罪,使知罪Verdict n. 裁决,判断,判决Judgment n. 审判;判决;裁判;判断Invalidate v. 使无效Trial n. 试验,审讯,考验adj. 尝试的,试验性的Detain v. 扣留,阻止,扣押Court n. 法院,奉承,庭院Bar n. 棒,条;闩,酒吧;律师界 v. 闩住;阻塞;Authorize v. 授权给,认可,批准Empower v. 授权,准许;使能够Oath n. 誓言,诅咒,宣誓Flee v. 逃,消失Ban v. 禁止,取缔;n. 禁止;Veto n. 否决,否决权,禁止v. 否决,禁止Revise v. 修订;;校订;n. 修订;再校样,Verify v. 查证,检验,证实Deserve v. 应受,该得;应受赏Testify v. 作证;表明,Justify v. 替...辩护,证明;证明合法Substantiate v. 使实体化,证实Confirm v. 确定;使巩固;批准Affirm v. 坚称,申明,断言;Assure v. 向...保证,担保;使确定Evidence n. 证据,迹象 v. 证明;显示,表明Follow v. 跟随,遵循,沿行;Observe v. 观察,遵守,Observance n. 遵守,惯例,仪式Abide v. 忍受,容忍;Accuse v. 指控,控告;指责Interrogate v. 质问,审问,讯问Impunity n. 不受惩罚,无患,无事Release n. 释放,解放;v. 释放,Acquit v. 宣告...无罪,Abolish v. 废止;废除 6Term n. 学期,期间,期限v. 把...称为,把...叫做Constitution n. 宪法;体质,构造Decree n. 法令,命令,v. 颁布;判决, Legislate v. 制定法律;通过立法Legislation n. 立法,法律Legalize v. 法律上认为正当,使合法化,公认Standard v. 法律上认为正当,使合法化,公认Penal adj. 刑的,刑法上的,刑罚的Illegitimate adj. 不法的Default n. 缺席;不履行;拖欠v. 不履行,拖欠; Violate v. 违犯,冒犯,亵渎Violation n. 违反;违反行为Compulsory adj. 被强制的,义务的,强迫的Oblige v . 强制,束缚Responsible adj. 有责任的,责任重大的Confiscate v. 没收;查抄;充公Convict n. 囚犯,罪犯 v. 宣告有罪,使知罪Verdict n. 裁决,判断,判决Judgment n. 审判;判决;裁判;判断Invalidate v. 使无效Trial n. 试验,审讯,考验adj. 尝试的,试验性的Detain v. 扣留,阻止,扣押Court n. 法院,奉承,庭院Bar n. 棒,条;闩,酒吧;律师界 v. 闩住;阻塞; Authorize v. 授权给,认可,批准Empower v. 授权,准许;使能够Oath n. 誓言,诅咒,宣誓Flee v. 逃,消失Ban v. 禁止,取缔;n. 禁止;Veto n. 否决,否决权,禁止v. 否决,禁止Revise v. 修订;;校订;n. 修订;再校样, Verify v. 查证,检验,证实Deserve v. 应受,该得;应受赏Testify v. 作证;表明,Justify v. 替...辩护,证明;证明合法Substantiate v. 使实体化,证实Confirm v. 确定;使巩固;批准Affirm v. 坚称,申明,断言;Assure v. 向...保证,担保;使确定Evidence n. 证据,迹象 v. 证明;显示,表明Follow v. 跟随,遵循,沿行;Observe v. 观察,遵守,Observance n. 遵守,惯例,仪式Abide v. 忍受,容忍;Accuse v. 指控,控告;指责Interrogate v. 质问,审问,讯问Impunity n. 不受惩罚,无患,无事Release n. 释放,解放;v. 释放,Acquit v. 宣告...无罪,Abolish v. 废止;废除 6Term n. 学期,期间,期限v. 把...称为,把...叫做Constitution n. 宪法;体质,构造Decree n. 法令,命令,v. 颁布;判决,Legislate v. 制定法律;通过立法Legislation n. 立法,法律Legalize v. 法律上认为正当,使合法化,公认Standard v. 法律上认为正当,使合法化,公认托福的必背词汇3Prosperous adj. 成功的,顺利的,繁盛的Prosperity n. 繁荣,成功,幸运Rich adj. 有钱的,富有的;Rare adj. 稀有的,罕见的;Asset n. 资产;有用的.东西Finance n. 财政,财务 v. 供给...经费;负担经费Economic adj. 经济上的经济学的Indigent adj. 贫乏的;穷困的Depression n. 不景气,沮丧,消沉Lease n. 租约,租,租期v. 出租;租得;租出Compensation n. 补偿,薪资,赔偿金Deficit n. 赤字;不足额Merchandise n. 商品;货物 v. 买卖,经营;Commerce n. 商业,贸易,商务Enterprise n. 企业;主动力,努力;Currency n. 通货,通用,流通Inventory n. 详细目录,存货清单v. 编制;盘存;把...登入目录Tariff n. 关税,价格表,关税表Inflation n. 胀大;通货膨胀;夸张Deal n. 交易;v. 发;予以;分配Consume v. 消耗;消灭;消费Disburse v. 支付,分配,支出 8Inertia n. 惯性,迟钝,惰性Discount n. 折扣,贴现率 v. 打折扣Audit n. 审计;查帐;稽核v. 稽核;旁听;查账Shipment n. 装运;装载的货物Surplus n. 剩余,盈余,过剩adj. 过剩的,剩余的Account n. 帐单,报告;描述;v. 把...视为;认为Bankruptcy n. 破产,倒闭;Savings n. 储金;积蓄;存款Collateral n. 担保品,抵押品 adj.附随的Bill n. 帐单;;钞票 v. 给...开帐单;;要...付款;Check n. 检查,阻止物,支票v. 检查;核对;制止; Depreciate v. 降价,贬低;降价,Underestimate n. 低估v. 低估,看轻Exchange n. 交换,交易所,汇兑v. 交换;兑换;Assess v. 估定的价值;对征税Consolidate v. 巩固,统一,Loan n. 贷款,债权人,v. 借出,贷与Refund n. 退还;退款;v. 退还,归还Utility n. 公用程序,实用,实用品Selection n. 选择;Option n. 选择权,选项Output n. 输出,生产量;Goods n. 货物;商品Opportunity n. 机会,时机Benefit n.利益v.有益于;Contract n.合同Transaction n. 交易,执行,办理Budget n. 预算v. 编入预算,Barter v. 作物物交换Purchase v. 作物物交换,进行易货贸易;Deposit n. 存款,堆积物,定金v. 存放;堆积;沉淀Commission n. 佣金;任务 v. 委任,Charge n. 指控Interest n. 兴趣,利息,嗜好v. 使感兴趣,与...有关系Debt n. 债务;罪过Fund n. 资金,专款,v. 换为长期借款Revenue n. 岁入;收入托福的必背词汇4agriculture 农业agriculture (farming) 农业agricultural 农业的land (soil) 土壤;土地soil conservation 土壤保护soil erosion 泥土流失silt 粉砂，泥沙clay 黏土，湿土clod 土块agrarian 土地的，农业的pilot (experimental ) 试验性的harrow( rake) 耙，耙土ridge 田埂furrow 犁沟plot (patch)小块地ranch 农场，牧场plantation 种植园orchard 果园nursery 苗圃seedbed 苗床sickle 镰刀spade 铲，锹shovel (平头) 铲pick 稿tractor 拖拉机cultivate (till) 耕作sow(seed) 播种harvest 收割weed 除草irrigate 灌溉manure(fertilizer) 肥料spray 喷洒(农药) insecticide(pesticide)杀虫剂pest 害虫rust 锈病grain (cereal) 谷物，谷粒granary(grain store) 粮仓mill 碾，磨wheat 小麦corn 玉米rice 大米barley 大麦sorghum 高粱oats燕麦rye 黑麦millet 粟，小米vegetable 蔬菜horticulture 园艺学hydroponics 水栽法，营养液栽培法greenhouse(glasshouse, hotbed) 温室cabbage 洋白菜lettuce 生菜mustard 芥菜spinach 菠菜broccoli 花椰菜cucumber 黄瓜eggplant 茄子pepper 辣椒pumpkin 南瓜tomato 西红柿beet 甜菜carrot 胡萝卜radish 小红萝卜pea 豌豆soybean 大豆celery 芹菜garlic 大蒜leek 韭菜onion 洋葱头potato 土豆peanut 花生sesame 芝麻cotton 棉花husbandry (animal husbandry) 畜牧业pasture 牧场livestock 家畜fowl (poultry) 家禽cattle 牛，家畜buffalo 野牛dairy (dairy cattle) 奶牛dairy farm 乳牛场hay (作饲料用)干草haystack 干草堆fodder (feed) 饲料trough 饲料槽barn(shed) 牲口槽stable 厩，马厩cowshed 牛棚pigpen (hog pen, pigsty) 猪圈sheepfold (sheep pen) 羊栏roost (hen house) 鸡舍fish farm 养鱼场aquaculture 水产养殖托福的必背词汇5meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层current (气)流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿;水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation (雨、露、雪等)降水breeze 微风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风funnel 漏斗，漏斗云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾。
托福写作形容词类好词妙句汇总分享
托福写作形容词类好词妙句汇总分享想要在托福写作的词汇运用这一项上展现实力，考生需要做的不仅是提升写作词汇量的积累，今天给大家带来了托福写作高分词汇实例赏析,希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧。
托福写作高分词汇实例赏析形容词类好词妙句汇总分享托福写作高分词汇实例赏析：形容词类effective 有效的、实际的Taking part in competitive sports events is an effective method of becoming a well-balanced person.enhanced 加强的、提高的It has been essential for everyone to combine his/her efforts for an enhanced standard of living.essential 必须的、必要的There is no denying that one essential condition in achieving personal happiness is to make others happy.excessive 过量的、多余的In recent years, the policy of “reducing the students’ load” has been implemented by the Chinese government, with the purpose of freeing children from excessive school pressure.extensive 广泛的、大量的Everyone has his/her own field of expertise, and therefore if scholars are talking about their professions, they are bound to have extensive knowledge on the subject.far-reaching 深远的、意义重大的No matter whether the business finally succeeds or not, such experience will bring about far-reaching benefits to a person’s life.fast-paced 快速的、快节奏的The fast-paced living style has reduced the frequency with which people have a face-to-face conversation.fatal 致命的、严重的There have been many news reports about nuclear power stations polluting water and air as well as causing a large amount of fatal illness.favorable 有利的、赞许的Assessing the land potential and searching for alternatives for land use are favorable options for the government.fierce 激烈的、剧烈的When young people join in the fierce competition of the job market, making a careful decision is meaningful to their professional life.formidable 巨大的、艰难的It is difficult for people to visualize the formidable pains that athletes have endured in their daily training.fruitful 有成效的、有益的Covering diversified areas of knowledge and mastering extensive skills will benefit those who dream of a fruitful future.fundamental 根本的、基础的The fundamental qualities, such as being obedient, grateful, and responsible, have been well preserved and passed down through the years.heatedly-discussed 激烈讨论的、热点的A heatedly-discussed proposal has been brought to attention recently regarding the feasibility of paying teachers according to how well their students perform.highly-competitive 竞争激烈的The highly-competitive job market and overwhelming life pressure urges many college graduates to give up their passion and choose to work in another field.increasing 越来越多的、渐增的With the increasing popularity of different poker games among adults, we could easily sense their effectiveness in helping people relax.immense 巨大的、无限的The emotional gratification most people receive from their pets is immense.imperative 必要的、至关重要的A good leader is imperative to one’s success ful career.indispensable 必要的、不可或缺的The advertising industry has established itself as an indispensable power that values commercial prosperity.inescapable 不可避免的、责无旁贷的It is the inescapable responsibility of the government to raise funds and offer financial assistance to the poor.inevitable 必然的、不可避免的It is inevitable that each individual will have his/her own perspective and points of view; however, people with different views could also succeed as a team.innumerable 大量的、无数的Citizens have the opportunity to educate themselves with innumerable new sources at their disposal.invaluable 宝贵的、无价的The inner peace and balance that I enjoy from the company with my family members are invaluable to me.keen 敏锐的、渴望的Allowing students to make personal comments on a certain topic trains them to think with keen observation and objective insight.main/major 主要的、重要的A series of complicated social elements are the main/major obstacles that force job hunters or employees to give up the ideal of a life-long position.multifaceted 多样的、多面的Experts are talented individuals who have assimilated multifaceted knowledge from many areas, and are able to apply it with ease.preferable 更好的、更可取的Learning in a regular classroom is greatly preferable to learning in a virtual classroom.primary 主要的、首要的The primary purpose of most games is to make people feel happy and relaxed.proficient 熟练的、精通的I am more proficient in using machines than I am doing the same work by hand, and machines are faster and more efficient.profound 深远的、重要的Technological innovations have brought about profound changes to the political, economic, and cultural arenas of a nation.remarkable 重要的、引人注目的The concepts and ideas, created by wise men in ancient times, have r emarkable impacts on one’s character-shaping and problem-solving.significant 重大的、有效的Learning a new language shows a significant increase in an individual’s memory capacity.slim 微小的、极少的With the improvement of multilateral relations among different nations, the chances of another world war have become slimmer than ever.unprecedented 空前的、无前例的。
托福综合写作话题词汇
托福综合写作话题词汇1. 观点 (Opinion)2. 讨论 (Discussion)3. 问题 (Issue)4. 研究 (Research)5. 调查 (Survey)6. 实践 (Practice)7. 理论 (Theory)8. 现象 (Phenomenon)9. 方法 (Method)10. 结论 (Conclusion)11. 规则 (Rule)12. 解决方案 (Solution)13. 影响 (Impact)14. 原因 (Reason)15. 优点 (Advantage)16. 缺点 (Disadvantage)17. 主题 (Theme)18. 趋势 (Trend)19. 社会问题 (Social issue)20. 科技发展 (Technological development)21. 经济增长 (Economic growth)22. 文化差异 (Cultural differences)23. 教育问题 (Educational issues)24. 健康问题 (Health issues)25. 环境保护 (Environmental protection)26. 交通拥堵 (Traffic congestion)27. 全球化 (Globalization)28. 广告行业 (Advertising industry)29. 政府政策 (Government policies)30. 社交媒体 (Social media)31. 女性权益 (Women's rights)32. 科学发现 (Scientific discoveries)33. 文化遗产 (Cultural heritage)34. 青少年问题 (Teenage problems)35. 高效能学习 (Efficient learning)36. 污染问题 (Pollution issues)37. 能源危机 (Energy crisis)38. 食品安全 (Food safety)39. 水资源短缺 (Water scarcity)40. 全球变暖 (Global warming)。
托福写作知识点
托福写作知识点托福写作，那可是个让人又爱又恨的家伙！就像爬山，看着山顶觉得美，爬的过程可不容易。
先来说说词汇吧，这可是写作的基石。
没有丰富的词汇，就像盖房子没有砖头，你能指望盖出啥样的房子？咱们得积累各种各样的词，比如说形容开心，别老是“happy”，“delighted”“ecstatic”也得会用。
这就好比做饭，调料多了，味道才能丰富不是？语法呢，那就是房子的框架。
主谓宾定状补，可别搞混了。
要是句子结构乱七八糟，就像歪歪扭扭的房子，能好看吗？什么时态、语态、从句，都得整明白。
逻辑，这可是托福写作的灵魂啊！没有清晰的逻辑，就像在迷宫里乱转，读者都被你绕晕了。
开头点明主题，中间论述有理有据，结尾总结升华，这一套下来，才能让人心服口服。
比如说你要论述“保护环境很重要”，那你得从环境破坏的现状、危害，到保护的措施和好处，一步步说清楚，别东一榔头西一棒槌的。
再讲讲内容的丰富度。
光说些大道理可不行，得有具体的例子来支撑。
这就像讲故事，光说“他很勇敢”，谁信呀？你得说“他在大火中救出了三个孩子，自己却受了伤”，这才让人觉得真实可信。
比如说你写“阅读能增长知识”，那你就讲讲自己读了哪本书，学到了什么具体的知识，这比空谈可强多了。
还有文章的结构，就像人的身材，得匀称才好看。
开头简短有力，引起读者兴趣；中间详细阐述，展示你的才华；结尾简洁明了，给人留下深刻印象。
别开头啰里啰嗦，中间草草了事，结尾不知所云。
字数也得控制好，不是越多越好，也不是越少越好。
就像吃饭，吃撑了难受，吃不饱还饿。
把该说的说明白，把观点阐述清楚，这才是关键。
说到这，你是不是觉得托福写作也没那么难了？其实啊，只要用心积累，多写多练，托福写作这道坎儿，咱一定能迈过去！你说是不是？加油吧，朋友们，相信自己，托福写作高分在向你招手！。
(完整版)托福写作必备高分词汇常用短语汇总
托福写作必备高分词汇| 常用短语汇总Education作业 ( 注意它是可数名词，与homework不一样) n. assignment选修课n. elective学分n. credit青少年n. adolescent ;青春期的adj. adolescent青少年children and youth教课法teaching/ pedagogical methodology适应adapt to sth./ adjust oneself to sth./ become accustomed to sth.适应能力n. adaptability应用v. apply把学生疏开教育segregate students团队精神team spirit独立思虑think independently在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding学生的反应students ’ feedback学生评论老师的教课students appraise/ evaluate their teachers’ performance 通才n. generalist专才n. specialist全面发展的adj. well-rounded为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being (or welfare)人文学科n. humanities社会科学social sciences艺术n. arts文科总称n. liberal studies/ arts理科n. sciences工科n. engineering基础科学basic sciences应用科学applied sciences学科 ( 通称 ); 纪律n. discipline管教vt. discipline自制力n. self-discipline小( 中、大 ) 学教育 primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level ) education 职业教育vocational education/ training互动vt. interact学校给学生的教育n. schooling学校供给的课程总称n. curriculum ( pl. curricula)心理的adj. psychological参加n. participation≈ involvement扰乱n. distraction记忆vt. memorize获得vt. acquire以教师为中心的adj. teacher-centered以学生为中心的adj. student- centered熟掌握⋯⋯ be proficient in榜role model同人n. peer孩子或许其余弱者度保adj. overprotective力n. motivation沮n. frustration家小孩的教育n. parenting用批评的目光去看的能力critical thinking abilities ( 某方面的 ) 意n. awareness (of)有造力的adj. creative / original⋯⋯特别熟习adj. well-acquainted (with)表优异perform well⋯⋯打好基lay a solid foundation for自尊n. self-esteem尊n. dignity估n. evaluation⋯⋯特别好的掌握n. mastery好奇心 n. curiosity精英n. elite教育test-oriented education富于想象力的imaginative沉浸于⋯⋯ indulge in⋯发人沉思的adj. thought- provoking无知的adj. ignorant文盲 ( 的) n.&adj. illiterate学龄前小孩或许上学前班的小孩n. preschooler对文字技术的掌握对数学知识的掌握误入歧路go astray n. literacy n. numeracy给人新鲜感的adj. refreshing令人振奋的adj. uplifting给人动力的adj. motivating单亲家庭n. single-parent family未成年人n. minors宠爱vt. spoil青少年犯法juvenile delinquency/ youth crime欺凌 ( 当名词是“喜爱欺凌人的孩子”的意思) vt.& n. bully逃学n. truancy很有启示的adj. enlightening成型的阶段formative years植物学n. botany天文学n. astronomy培育v. cultivate/ foster/ nurture促使学生身心发展promote the student’s physical/ mental (or intellectual) andemotional development心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth./ motivate the students todo sth.教授知识impart/ inculcate knowledge灌注崇高的道德观instill high moral values给学生以灵感give the students inspiration学生对老师所教知识的掌握students ’ grasp (or command) of what has beentaught就业技术employable ( or marketable) skills填鸭式教法教课生force-feed the students学生不该当不过被动接受知识的容器。
托福核心词汇
abandon vt.离弃，完全放弃(desert)n.放纵abbreviate vt.缩短，缩写(shorten)abnormal a.反常的,变态的(unusal,exceptional)abolition n.废除，废止abort n.中止计划（任务），夭折(cancel)abound vi.富于(flourish)；大量存在(teem)；充满(overflow)abrasion n.表面磨损abreast ad.并列地，并排地(side by side)abrupt a.突然的，意外的(unexpected)absence n.缺席；缺乏(lack)，不存在absolutely ad.完全地；绝对地(utterly)absorb vt.吸收(take in,engage)abstract a.抽象的(unconcrete)；抽象派的(nonrepresentational)absurd a.可笑的，荒唐的(ridiculous)abundant a.充足的，丰富的(rich,plentiful)academy n.研究会，学术团体；专门院校accelerate v.（使）加快，加速(increase,quicken)access n.通道(approach)；（接近或享用的）机会(opportunity).存取accessible a.易接近的；可得到的(available)；可进入的accessory n.附件，零件(adjunct)acclaim vt./n.喝彩(applaud)；称赞(praise)accommodate vt.供应（住宿或房间）(supply)；使适应(conform,adjust to) accompany vt.陪伴(attend)；为…伴奏accomplish vt.达到(reach)；完全(complete)；实现(realize)accomplished a.多才多艺的(all-round)；完成了的(achieved)accord n.一致；符合(agreement)account n.解释(interpretation)；账户(record)；考虑.说明…的原因accumulate v.积累，堆积(build up,collect)accuracy n.准确（性），精确（性）(nicety,precision)accurate a.正确的，精确的(precise,exact)accuse vt.指责，归咎(blame)；指控(charge)accustom vt.使习惯于(familiarize)acid n.酸 a.酸的acknowledge vt.承认，确认(recognize,admit)；对…表示感谢(express gratitude) acoustic a.非电声乐器的；听觉的acquaint vt.使认识(inform)；使熟悉(familiarize)acquire vt.获得(obtain,gain)；学到acting a.代理的(representative) n.演戏，表演action n.行为，活动(step,behavior)；作用(effect)activity n.活动(movement)；活跃(fizz)acute a.极度的，（事情）激烈的(intense)；敏锐的(keen)adapt v.使适合(adjust)；调整(alter)additional a.附加的(additive)，额外的(further,extra)additive a.添加的；加法的n.添加剂address n.地址；讲话(speech) v.（正式）讲话；写姓名地址adequate a.适当的(proper)；足够的(sufficient)adhere vi.粘附(stick)；坚持(cling to)adhesive a.带粘性的n.胶合剂adjacent a.邻近的(nearby,adjoining,bordering)adjunct n.附加物，附件(addition,accessory)adjust v.调整(alter,rectify)；使适合；适应(adapt) administer vt.管理(manage)；执行execute)admire vt.钦佩；欣赏(appreciate)admission n.准许进入；入场费；承认(acknowledgement) admit v.承认(confess)；接纳(let in)adobe n.泥砖，土坯adolescence n.青春期(youthhood)adopt vt.采用(assume)adorn vt.装饰，装扮(decorate,beautify)advanced 先进的；高级的advent n.到来(arrival)，出现(emergence)adventure n.奇遇(happening)；冒险活动adverse a.负面的(negative,contrary)；不利的(unfavorable) advertise v.登广告宣传；宣传(promote)advocate vt.提倡n.倡导者(proponent)aerial a.空中的aerobic a.增氧健身法的n. 有氧运动aesthetic a.美学的artisitic)；审美的affection n.喜爱(fondness)；影响(influence)affirm vt.断言，坚持声称(assert)afflict vt.使苦恼，折磨(torment,torture)afford vt.买得起；冒险做；提供(provide,supply)agency n.代理处；（政府等的）专门行政部门aggregate n.聚成岩；聚集物aggressive a.挑衅的(combative,offensive)；强有力的(strong) agreeable a.使人愉快的(pleasant)；欣然同意的(willing) airborne a.空气传播的alarm n.闹钟；警报(alert) v. 使惊恐(startle)alchemist n.炼金术士alert a.机警的(vigilant,watchful)vt 提醒(ware,,remind)alga n.藻类，海藻(seaweed)algabra n.代数（学）alien a.不同的(different,foreign) 外星人；组织之外的人alkali n.碱allay vt.减轻，减少(raduce,alleviate)allegory n.寓言(fable,parable)allergy n.过敏症alleviate vt.减轻，缓和(relieve)allocation n.配给，分配(apportion)alloy n.合金vt. 使成合金alphabet n.字母表alter v.（使）改变(change,vary)alternate a.交替的(by turns)，轮流的(totate,in turn) alternative n.选择(option) 其他可选用的altitude n.（海拔）高度(hight)；海拔甚高的地方aluminum n.铝alumnus n.男校友amass v.积聚(accumulate)amateur n.业余爱好者(non-professional)amid prep.在…中amino a.氨基的ammonia n.氨，氨水amnesia n.健忘症amount n.总额(sum,quantity) vi. 总计达(totalize)ample a.充足的(abundant,enough)amplify vt.放大（声音等）；增强(strengthen)amuse vt.逗乐，逗笑(delight,entertain)amusement n.娱乐(recreation)，消遣(entertainment) analogy n.类比，类推；类似物analysis n.分析(stydy)analyze vt.分析，研究anatomy n.解剖构造；解剖(dissection)ancestor n.祖先(forefather)anchor vt.紧固，使固定(fix)ancient a.古代的(archaic)；古老的(old)angle n.角；角度(viewpoint)animation n.动画制作announce vt.宣布(herald,proclaim)；通告(notify) annoyed a.生气的(angry)annual a.每年的(yearly)；一年一度的anthropology n.人类学antibiotic n.抗生素 a.抗生的anticipate vt.预见(foresee)，预期(look forward to,expect) antique n.古董apartment n.公寓(flat,suite)apparent a.显然的，明显的(obvious,evident,detectable) appeal n.吸引力(attraction)vi. 吸引；上诉appetite n.胃口，食欲(savor)applaud v.鼓掌喝彩(cheer)；称赞(acclaim)applicable a.可应用的，可实施的applicant n.申请者appointment n.约会(date)，约定(faith)appreciate vt.赏识(recognize)，鉴赏；感激apprentice n.学徒approach v./n.接近，靠近(near) 方法(way)，手段(neasure) appropriate a.适当的(suitable,becoming)vt. 拨款；占用(engross) approve vt.批准(pass,ratify) vi.赞成(assent)approximate vi.近似(close to) a. 近似的(about)aquarium n.养鱼池；水族馆aquatic a.水生的；水中（上）的(marine)arbitrary a.任意的，专断的archaeology n.考古学architect n.建筑师arid a干旱的(dry)；贫瘠的(barren)arithmetic n.算术arrange vt.布置；安排(plan)；筹备(prepare)array n.一系列(series)articulate a.有关节的vt.清楚地说artifact n.人工制品；史前古器物artificial a.人造的(synthetic)；假的(false)artisan n.工匠，手艺人(workman,craftsman)artistic a.艺术（家）的(aesthetical)ascending a.上升的，向上的(climbing)ascribe vt.把…归于(attribute)aspect n.方面(facet)assemble v.集合(gather)；装配(fit together)assert vt.断言，声称(affirm,declare)assign vt.指派(prescribe)；分配(apportin)；布置（作业）associate v.关联(relate)；结交(consort) a. 副的associate n.伙伴(companion,partner)；大专学位a. 准的assume vt.假定(premise,suppose)；承担(bear)assure vt.确保(guarantee)；使确信(convince)asteroid n.小行星astronomy n.天文学asymmetrical a.不均匀的，不对称的athlete n.运动员atmosphere n.大气，空气(air)；气氛(tone)atomic a.原子的；原子能的(nuclear)attach vt.连接（fix,connect)；贴上，依附于（affix）attain vt.达到（reach）；获得（achieve，gain)attempt n./vt.尝试（try），努力（strive）attendance n.出席（presence）；出席人数attorney n.代理人，辩护律师attract vt.吸引（lure，draw）attractive a.吸引人的（tempting，appealing,inviting）attractive a.有魅力的（intriguing，charming)attribute n.属性（characteristic，trait）vt.把…归结于（ascribe) auction n.拍卖audience n.听众（listener)；观众（spectator)audio a.音频的（acoustic）；声音的（vocal)audit vt.旁听audition n.旁听；试唱（rehearsal)auditorium n.礼堂（hill）augment vt.增大，增加（increase）authority n.权威人士；权力（power)；当局authorize vt.授权（empower），批准（sanction），许可（peimit）automatic a.自动的（self－acting）automobile n.汽车（motor)available a.可得到的（accessible,obtainable）available a.可利用的（improvable）;有空的（free）avalanche n.雪崩，山崩（snowslide，landslide）avenue n.途径（approach）；大街avert vt.避免，规避（avoid)aviation n.航空（navigation）航空学；飞行（fly)avoid vt.避免，规避（shy away from，prevent)aware a.知道的（perceptible）；意思到的awareness n.知道，注意（realization）awful a.不舒服的（unwell)；糟糕的（terrible）；可怕的（awesome）awkard a.别扭的（unnatural）；笨拙的（clumsy）axis n.轴（shaft)Babylonian a.巴比伦的backlighting n.逆光bake v.烘，烤balcony n.包厢（loge）bald a.光秃的（uncovered，hairless）banner n.横幅barb n.倒钩，倒刺barbecue n.烧烤野餐bare a.赤裸的（naked，bald）barge n.驳船，游船bark n.树皮barn n.谷仓；牲口棚barrel n.桶barren a.贫瘠的，荒芜的（infertile，unproductive）barrier n.栅栏；屏障（fence，obstruction）barter n./v.实物交易（trade，deal）basin n.盆地battery n.电池bead n.珠子，水珠beak n.鸟嘴，啄beam n.束；横梁（timber，bar）beat v.敲打拍子a. 疲惫的beaver n.海狸behave vi.行为，表现（conduct）behavior n.举止，行为（conduct,manner）belt n.地带；腰带beneficial a.有益的，有利的（advantageous）benefit n.利益，好处v.（使）受益（profit）benign a.（气候）良好的besiege vt.包围（surround）beverage n.饮料bias n.偏见（prejudice）bill n.账单，票据；议案；钞票；鸟嘴，形似鸟嘴的东西bind vt.使结合，绑（tie，fasten）；装订biography n.传记bison n.美洲或欧洲的野牛blade n.刃，刀片bland a.无味的blanket n.毛毯；覆盖物blast n.一股v.爆发（burst）；发出尖响bleach n.漂白剂blend v./n.混合（mix，combine）blip n.雷达上显示的点blizzard n.大风雪block vt.阻塞（back up）n.一块；街区bloom n.花vi.开花（blossom）blossom n.花vi.开花（bloom）blur vt.使…模糊（make indistince）board n.委员会；膳食费用；板boast v./n.自夸（brag）bog n.沼泽（swamp）bold a.大胆的（daring），冒失的bond n.联结，粘结；债卷；化学键bony a.瘦骨嶙峋的boom n.繁荣（expansion）vi 迅速增长boost vt.提高，推进（raise，push）botany n.植物学boulder n.大石头bounce v./n.（使）弹，（使）反弹bound a.被束缚的，被要求的（obligated，enclose）bound n.界限（limit，boundary)boundary n.分界线；边界（bound，border）brand n.商标brass n.黄铜（器）；铜管乐器breakthrough n.突破（improving）breed n.品种vt.饲养（raise）繁殖（reproduce）breeze n.微风brief a.简短的，短暂的（fleeting，short）brighten vt.使快活brilliance n.光辉（radiance）；显赫brilliant a.闪耀的（bright）；杰出的（outstanding）brittle a.易碎的（easy brken，fragile）brochure n.小册子（pamphlet，booklet）bronze n.青铜brush n.毛笔v.刷，拂（wipe）bubble n.（气、水）泡v. 起泡buck n.美元buckle n.皮带扣环v.扣紧（fasten)bud n.芽，蓓蕾buddy n.密友，伙伴（companion）budget n.预算buffalo n.水牛bulb n.植物的球茎，球形物；灯泡bulk n.体积；大部分（majority）bulletin n.简明新闻；公告bump v.撞（破）（hit）n. 肿块bundle n.捆，束（package，nale）vt.捆bureau n.局，署burgeon vi.迅速成长，发展（bloom，flourish）burrow vi.挖地洞（dig，tunnel）n.洞穴cabin n.小屋（hut，cottage）cabinet n.内阁；贮藏橱；陈列柜cable n.缆绳；电缆（wire）；电报（telegraph）cactus n.仙人掌cafeteria n.自助餐厅（cafe）calcium n.钙calculate vt.计算（count，figure）；推测（speculate）；打算（determine）calculus n.微积分学；结石calendar n.（日、月）历；日程表calibration n.标度，刻度camouflage n./v.掩饰，伪装（hide，disguise）camopaign n.竞选活动vi竞选；参加战斗candidate 候选人（nominee）cannibalism n.嗜食同类canopy n.天篷，遮篷（awning，covering）canvas n.帆布（sail）；画布canyon n.峡谷capability n.能力（ability，potentiality）；性能；容量capacity n.能力（ability）；容量；身份（identity）cape n.海角，岬capillary n.毛细血管captive n.俘虏，猎物（quarry）carbon n.碳cardiac a.心脏的，心脏病的cardinal a.主要的，最重要的（main，essential）n.红衣凤头鸟cargo n.货物（freight）caribou n.北美洲驯鹿carnivore n.食肉动物carp n.鲤鱼cart n.大车；手推车（asmall wheeled vehicle）cartilage n.软骨carve v.切（cut，slice）；雕刻（incise）cascade n.小瀑布（steep small fall of water）cascara n.缓泻剂cassette n.盒式录音（或录像）带cast n.铸件vt.浇铸（mold）；投掷（throw）catalog n.目录（list）catalyst n.催化剂catastrophe n.突如其来的大灾难（disaster，tragedy）category n.种类（kind）；范畴caterpillar n.毛虫，蝴蝶的幼虫cautious a.小心的，谨慎的（discreet）cavity n.腔；洞（pit，crater）cease v./n.结束，停止（stop，end）celebrate vt.赞美（proclaim，observe）；庆祝（commemorate）celebrated a.著名的（famous）；有名的（renowned）celestial a.天空的（astronomical，heavenly）cell n.细胞；单人房间（a single room usually for one person）census n.人口普查centennial n.百年纪念ceramic n.陶瓷制品cereal n.谷类（食品）ceremony n.典礼，仪式；礼节certificate n.证（明）书chafe vt.擦热，擦破，擦痛（abrade，rub）chamber n.房间（room，compartment）；洞穴（cavity)champion n.冠军（winner，victor）；拥护者（defender，protector）vt.支持championship n.冠军身份；冠军赛，锦标赛channel n.通道（path，way）chaos n.混乱（muddle，disorder）chapel n.小礼堂（a subordinate or private place of worship）character n.性格（nature）；特性（property）角色（role)characteristic a.特有的；典型的（typical)；n.特性（property）characterize vt.以…为特征；刻画…的性格（distinguish，feature）charcoal n.木炭chart n.图表（map，graph）vt.用图说明（to make a map of）charter n.宪章（constitution）vt.特许（certify）checked a.格子花纹的；棋盘状的chief n.首领（leader，head）a.主要的（primary）；总的（total）chill n.寒冷，寒意（coldness）chilled a.冷冻的chimpanzee n.黑猩猩chip n.碎片（piece，bit）；芯片（integrated circuit）chip v.削（或凿）下(break off)chlorine n.氯choir n.唱诗班，合唱队cholesterol n.胆固醇choreographer n.舞蹈指导chorus n.合唱队chromosome n.染色体chronical a.慢性的，延续很长的（not acute）circuit n.电路，线路（circular line）circular a.圆形的（round）；循环的（intended for circulation）circulation n.发行额；循环（cycle）；流通（flow）circumference n.周边（periphery）；圆周（the perimeter of a cirle）circumstance n.环境（environment）；境况（condition，situation）cite vt.引用，引证，举例（quote）civilian a.平民的；民间的（folk）claim v./n.声称；要求（request）；索赔n.断言（assertion）clam n.蛤clamor n.吵闹，喧哗（sound，noise）clarify vt.澄清；阐明（identify，explain）classic a.经典的；典型的（typical）classic n.经典作品（a work of enduring excellence）；古典文学classify vt.分类（categorize，sort）；分等级（to arrange in classes）clay n.泥土，粘土（earth，mud）client n.委托人，当事人；顾客（customer）cliff n.悬崖，绝壁（precipice，bluff）cling vi.附着；紧贴（adhere，stick）clinical a.临床的clipper n.快速帆船closet n.壁橱（cabinet）隐蔽的（closcly private）clue n.线索（information，hint）；提示（cue）clump n.土块vi.丛生，成群（cluster）clumsy a.笨拙的（awkward）cluster n.串，丛，群（group）v. 丛生；使成群（concentrate，assemble）clutch n.一次所孵的卵（或蛋）v.企图抓住，抓紧（take，clench）coarse a.粗（糙）的（rough）coax vt.巧妙地（耐心地）处理code n.密码，代码；法规（laws，rules）vt.把…编码coexist vi.共存（to exist together or at the same time）cognition n.认识，认识（力）（perception）coherent a.有条理的（consistnet）；相干的cohesion n.内聚力；凝聚力；团结，结合（unity）coil n.卷，线圈（wire）盘绕（swirl）coincide vi.一致（agree，accord）；相巧合collaborator n.合作者collapse vi./n,崩溃，倒塌（crash）collect v.收集；聚集（accumulate，assemble））collect ad./a（打）电话由对方付费（的)collectively ad.全体地，共同地（together）collide vi.碰撞；冲突（conflict）colonize vt.开拓（或建立）殖民地；移居于（settle）colony n.殖民地（settlement）；（生物）群体（community）column n.圆柱（pillar）；专栏；长列combat n./v.格斗，战斗（conflict，battle）combination n.结合（体）（mixture）；化合；组合（compounding）combine v.（使）联合，（使）结合（fuse，unite）combustible a.可燃的，易燃的（flammable）comedy n.喜剧comet n.彗星comic a.滑稽的，喜剧的（funny，laughable）command n./v.命令；指挥，掌握（govern，control）commemorate vt.纪念，庆祝（celebrate，honor）comment n./vi.评论（review）；注释（remark，note）commentary n.评论，注释（comment）commerce n.贸易，商业（trade，business）commission n.委任（charge）vt. 委托，授命（appoint，assign）commit vt.承诺（promise）；负责（obligate）；犯（错）commitment n.承诺（promise）；支持（support）commitment n.允许（permission）致力，献身（devotion）committee n.委员会（council）commodity n.商品(article）；日用品communal a.公共的；社区的（of or relating to a community）communicate v.通信，交流；传达，传播（express，convey）community n.社团（corporation）；社会（society at large）；群落commute vi.坐公共汽车上下班compact a.紧凑的；简洁的（concise）v.压缩（compress）companion n.同伴，共事者（partner，comrade）comparable a.可比较的，类似的（similar，like）；比得上的comparative a.比较的（relative）相当的，接近的comparison n.比较（the act or process of comparing）；比喻compass n.罗盘；圆规；范围（range，scope）compatible a.协调的，一致的（harmonious，coherent）compel vt.驱使（drive）compensate v.赔偿，弥补（pay for，make up）compete vi.比得上；竞争，对抗（rival）competence n.胜任；能力compile vt.汇编（put together）；编辑（edit）complement vt.补充，使完善（supplement,complete）；与…相配（to match）complementary a.补充的；互补的completion n.完成，实现（accomplishment，realization）complex a.综合的；错综的，难以理解的（intricate，complicated）complex n.综合体complicated a.难懂的；复杂的（complex）compliment vt./n.赞美，恭维(praise) n.问候(regsrds)comply vi.服从，遵守(conform,submit)component n.成分，组成部分(part,element) a.构成的compose v.创作(create,devise)；组成(constitute)；使安定(calm,pacify) composition n.成分(component)，构成(composing)；作品，作文(works,writing) compound n.混（化）合物 a. 复合comprehend vt.理解，领会(understand,grasp)compress vt压缩(condense)；缩短(shorten)comprise vt.包含(include)；由…组成(consist of)compromise n.妥协，折衷(yield)compulsory a.义务的，必须做的conceal vt.隐蔽，隐瞒(cover)concede vt.承认(grant)；让步(yield)conceive vt.以为；构思，设想(design,imagine)concentration n.专心；集中；浓度concept n.概念，思想(motion,thought)concert n.一致(agreement)；音乐会concise a.简明的，简练的(terse)conclude v.作出结论；（使）结束(complete,end)conclusive a.确定的，最后的(definitive)concrete n.混凝土(cement) a. 具体的(material)condensation n.浓缩，凝结condense v.（使）压缩(compress)；（使）凝结(contract)conduct n.行为(behavior)conduct vt.引导(guide)；传导(transmit)；进行(progress)conductivity n.传播性conductor n.导体；（乐队等的）指挥confederacy n.联盟(alliance)confer vt.授予(award)conference n.会议；讨论会(meeting,consulation)confession n.供认，承认(admission)confidence n.信心(faith,belief)configuration n.构造，外形(structure,shape)confine vt.限制(restrict,limit)confirm vt证实(validate,verify)；使巩固(strengthen)；批准(approve) conflict n.冲突(clash)；不一致(disagreement)；争论(dispute)conflict vi.冲突(clash)；不一致(disagree)；争论(argue)conform vi.遵守，符合(comply,agree)；适应(adapt)confront vt.使面临(face,encounter)；对抗(oppose)congenial a.性格温和的(gentle)；相宜的(kindred)congestion n.拥塞(clog)congress n.议会，国会(parlianment)；（代表）大会(convention) conscious a.有知觉的(preceptual)；有意识的(awake)consciously ad.有意识地(on purpose)，自觉地consent vi./n.同意，赞成(approve,agree)consequence n.结果(outcome)；影响(influence)；推理(inference) consequently ad.因此，从而(accordingly,therefore)conservation n.保守，保存，保持(preservation)；守恒conserve vt.保存，保藏(retain,preserve)considerable a.相当大（或多）的(great,much,substantial)considerable a.值得考虑的，重要的(significant)considerate a.考虑周到的，体贴的(thoughtful)consistent a.一致的(coherent)；稳定的(sustained)consistent a.调和的(compatible)；始终如一的(constant)consistently ad.一贯的(regularly)consonant a.协调的(harmonious)consort vi.结交(associate)constant a.稳定的(stable)constant a.不变的，持续的(consistent,continued,continuous)constantly ad.不断地，坚持不懈地(continually)；经常地(regularly,always) constellation n.星系；一系列constituent n.要素，成分(component,element)；选民(electorate) constitute vt.组成(make up)；设立(set up),establish)；制定（法律）constitution n.宪法，章程constrain vt.束缚，限制(confine,limit)constricted a.狭窄的(confined)；收缩的(contractive)construct vt.建造(build)；创立(found)consult v.请教，商议(counsel,confer)；参考，翻阅(refer to)consume vt.消耗，浪费(spend,use up)；大吃大喝(waste) consumption n.消耗（量），消费（量）；食用(eating)contagious a.传染性的，有感染力的(catching)contain vt.包含(include)，容纳；控制(control)contaminate vt.污染(pollute)contemporary a.当代的，现在的(existing,surrent)n.同时代的人content a.满足的(satisfied) n.内容，容量(capacity)contest n.竞赛(game)；辩论(debate)context n.上下文；背景(setting)；环境(environment)continent n.大陆(mainland)continuation n.延长，延续(prolongation)continuity n.连贯性，连续性(consistency,succession)continuum n.连续统一体(acoherentwhole)contour n.轮廓(outline)；等高线，周长contract n.合同，契约(agreement,pact)v.订合同；收缩(shrink)contrast n.对比，对照vt.对比，对照(compare,balance)contribute v.贡献，捐献(donate)；有助于(promote)；投稿(to submit articles to) controversy n.争论，辩论(dispute,argument)convection n.对流；传送(conveying,transmission)convenience n.便利(fitness or suitability)；便利设施convention n.惯例(custom)；公约(agreement)；（正式）会议conventional a.传统的，惯例的(traditional,customary)converge vi.汇聚，聚合(asssemble,aggregate)conversation n.交谈；会话converse vi.交谈(talk,discuss)convert vt.使…改变信仰；使转化（换）convey vt.运（送，输）(carry,transport)；传达(communicate,transfer)convict vt.定罪，宣告…有罪(cirminate)convince vt.使确信，说服(persuade,assure)cooperative a.合作的，协力的coordinate vt.协调，相配合(harmonize,cooperate)copper n.铜（币）coral n.珊瑚（虫）a.珊瑚色的，珊瑚红的corona n.日冕(sunglow)，光环(aura)corporate a.共同的；公司的(incorporated)correspond vi.符合(accord)；相应(match)correspondence n.信件；通信(communication by letters)；相应corrosion n.腐蚀（状态），侵蚀corrosive a.腐蚀（性）的cosmic a.宇宙的(universal)cosmos n.宇宙(universe)costume n.服饰(dress) vt.装束counseling n.咨询服务counselor n.顾问，法律顾问(advisor)counteract vt.消除(clear up)，抵消(neutralize)counterpart n.相对物，极相似的人或物；副本(duplicate)coupon n.礼卷，优惠卷(gift certificate)court n.法院；球场(playground,field)vt.向…献殷勤，追求crab n.蟹crack v.（使）破裂(break)n.裂（缝、纹）(split)craft n.工艺(art) vt.手工制作cramped a.（指空间）狭小的，狭窄的(limited)crater n.火山口；（弹）坑crawl v.n.缓慢（或费力）地行进，爬行(creep)creativity n.创造（力）credential n.证明书(certificate)，文凭(diploma)，资格(qualification) credit n.荣誉；学分；信用；银行存款vt.把…归给crest n.顶部（peak）crew n.全体船员；全体工作人员crippling a.令人震惊的(surprising)crisscross v.交叉往来crterion n.标准（standard)critic n.评论家，批评家（detractor)critical a.批评的，非难的(disapproving)critical a.非常重要的(essential,crucial)；危急的critique n.批评，评论(criticism,comment)crow n.乌鸦crown n.王冠；顶，冠crucial a.至关重要的，决定性的(important,essential)crude a.天然的，未提炼的(unrefined)；粗糙的（rough）crusade n.十字军（远征）；运动(movement)vi.加入十字军，投身正义运动crush vt.碾碎（grind）；使变形crust n.硬壳，地壳；面包皮crustacean n.甲壳类动物crystal n.水晶；晶体 a.透明的（clear）；结晶状的cube n.立方体，立方cue n.暗示，提示（hint）cultivate vt.耕种；培养（bring up，foster）cultivated a.栽植的（grown）；有修养的（educated）culture n.文化，文明；培养vt.培养cumbersome a.笨重的（awkward）；麻烦的（troublesome）cuneiform a.楔形的n.楔形文字curiosity n.好奇心（desire to know）current a.当前的(ongoing)current n.（液体、气体的）流(stream)；趋势(tendency)curriculum n.课程（course）curve n.曲线，弯曲vt.弄弯（bend）cushion n.垫子（pillow）vt.缓冲custom n.进口税（duties)；海关cylinder n.圆柱体；汽缸dairy n.牛奶场；奶制品dam n.坝，堤damp a.潮湿的（moist）dated a.过时的（old－fashioned）dawn n.黎明；开端（outset）dazzling a.眼花缭乱的，耀眼的deadline n.最后期限，截止时间deadly a.致命的（deathful，fatal）dealer n.商人，小贩（businessman，peddler）debate n./v.辩论（argue）；讨论，争论(discuss,dispute)debris n.废墟，残骸（ruin，remains）；碎片（fragment）debut n./v.首次演出decade n.十年decay vi./n.腐烂（rot）；衰落（decline）deceive vt.欺骗（trick）decent a.体面的(honorable)；适当的(suitable)；令人满意的(satisfactory) deceptive a.欺骗性的（fraudulent）deciduous a.每年落叶的decipher vi.破译，解释（decode）declaration n.宣言declare vt.表明（announce)；宣称（assert）decline n./vi.下降（descend）；衰退（decay）decode vt.译解（interpret）decompose v.分解（disintegrate）；（使）腐烂（decay，rot）decorate vt.装饰（adorn，ornament）decrease vi.减少（diminish，reduce）n.减少dedicate vt.（使）致力于（devote），奉献dedication n.奉献；题献词defect n.瑕疵（flaw）；过失defense n.防御，防卫（protection）deficiency n.不足，缺乏（lack）deficient a.不足的，缺乏的（inadequate）define vt.定义，解释（explain）definte a.清楚的，确切的（distinct，precise）definitive a.确定的，最后的deform v.（使）变形（distort）delegate n.代表（representative）vt.授权（authorize）deliberate a.审慎的，深思熟虑的（careful，cogitative）delicate a.易损的（fragial）；微妙的（subtle）；精巧的（exquisite）delicious a.美味的，可口的（tasty，savory）delight n.使人高兴的东西v.（使）愉快（please）deliver v.传递，传送（transmit，pass）；陈述（state）delta n.（河流的）三角洲demanding a.苛求的（rigorous）democrat n.民主主义者，民主人士；美国民主党人democratic a.民主的demolish vt.拆除（dismantle）；破坏（destroy）demonstrate vt.论证，表明（show）denote vt.表示（show）dense a.密集的，浓厚的（thick）dentist n.牙科医生deny vt.否认（negate）；拒绝（refuse）depart vi.离开（leave，exit）；背离（deviate）depend vi.依靠，依赖（rely）；取决于（lie on）depict vt.描写，描述（present，describe）；描绘（portray）deplete vt.使枯竭，耗尽（use up，exhaust）deposit vt.沉淀（settle）；堆积（accumulate）；存款deposit n.堆积物(accumulation)depression n.萧条（期）（recession）；坑；低气压；沮丧(dejection) deprive vt.使丧失，剥夺（take away）derive vi.得自，源于（originate）descend vi.遗传（inherit）；下降（fall)descent n.血统（ancestry）；下降（drop）describe vt.描写，描述（portray，depict）；称做（call）descriptive a.描述性的deserted a.荒废的（obsolete）；无人的（void）deserve vt.应得，值得（be entitled to）designate vt.指定（name，appoint）；任命（nominate）desire vt.想要，渴望desolate a.荒凉的（deserted）desperate a.令人绝望的（despairing）dessert n.（餐后）甜点destined a.注定的（doomed）destruction n.毁坏，毁灭（destroy）destructive a.破坏性的（ruinous）detect vt.发现，察觉（discover）；探测（explore）detective n.侦探 a.侦探的deter vt.阻止（prevent）deteriorate vi.变坏；变质（erode）determine vt.确定（dictate）；决定（decide）detest vt.憎恶（hate）devastate vt.破坏（ruin）device n.装置，设备（equipment，apparatus）；手法（technique）devise vt.设计（contrive）；发明（invent）；想出（think out）devoid a.全无的（empty）devote vt.为…付出（时间、精力等）；献身于（dedicate）作…之用devour vt.贪婪地吃；吞食（consume）diagnose vt.诊断diagonal a.倾斜的n.斜线dialect n.方言（idiom）diameter n.直径dictate vt.规定（regulate）；决定（determine）diction n.措辞，用语（expression）diet n.饮食，食物vi.节食differentiate v.（使）不同，区别（distinguish）diffuse v.传播（travel）；扩散（spread）a.散开的digest vt.消化，吸收（absorb）digestive a.消化的；助消化的dignity n.尊严；高贵（nobleness）dilemma n.进退两难的局面dilute vt.稀释；淡化（desalt）dim a.模糊的（faint）；暗淡的（pale）dimension n.维（数）；尺度（measure）；方面（aspect）大小diminish v.减低重要性（debase，devalue）；（使）变小（decrease）dinosaur n.恐龙dioxide n.二氧化碳diplomat n.外交官director n.导演；主管；负责人(principal)directory n.人名地址录；目录disadvantage n.缺点（drawback）；不利（handicap）disaster n.灾难（catastrophe）；彻底的失败discard vt.丢弃（reject）discern vt.洞悉（ascertain）；识别（identify）discharge n.流出物；放电vt.释放（release）discipline n.纪律；科学（subject）vt.训练（drill)；惩罚（punish）discount n.折扣discrete a.分离的（separate）discrimination n.识别，辨认（discernment）disease n.疾病（illness，sickness）disguise vt./n.掩饰（mask）；伪装（pretend）disgust vt.厌恶，嫌恶（detest，loathe）disintegrate v.（使）瓦解（collapse）；（使）碎裂（smash）disinterested a.无个人利害关系的；无私的dismal a.阴沉的（gloomy）；忧郁的（blue）dismay vt./n.使气馁，使沮丧（discourage，deject）disorder n.混乱，动乱（chaos）；失调（maladjustment）displace vt.取代（replace）；移置display vt./n.陈列（exhibit）；展示（demonstrate）；显示(show) dispose v.使愿意做；除掉（get rid of）dispute n.争论（arguement）；纠纷v.争论（debate）disrupt vt.使中断（interrupt）；扰乱（disturb）disseminate vt.散布，传播（spread）dissolve v. （使）溶解（melt,liquefy）；清除（eliminate）distinct a.明显的（visible）；明确的；不同的（separate，different）distinguish v.区别，辨别（discriminate，differentiate）；出名distort vt.弄歪（形状等）（twist);歪曲（misrepresent）distract vt.分散注意力，使…分心distress n.痛苦，不幸（pain，grief）distribute vt.分配，分发（parcel out）；散布（scatter，spread）disturbance n.干扰（interference）；骚动（stir）dive n./vi.跳水；潜水（submerge）diverse a.不同的（different）；多样的（varied，various）diversification n.多样化diversity n.多样性（variety）divert vt.转移（distract）；使娱乐（amuse,entertain）division n.划分（partition）；除法doctrine n.教条，教义（dogma，teachings）；学说（theory）documentary a.文献的；纪实的（realistic）n.纪录片documentation n.文件（file）dolphin n.海豚domain n.领域（field）；领土（territory）domestic a.国内的（internal）；家庭的（household）；家养的dominate v.支配（monopolize）；控制（control,rule）vi.盛行(prevail) donate vt.捐献（contribute）；赠送（present）dormant a.静止的（inactive）；休眠的（resting）dormitory n.宿舍（hostel）downtown ad./a.在市区（的），往市区（的）draft n.草图（sketch），草稿vt.起草 a.供役使的drain n.排水；消耗（expenditure）v.（使）流走（flow away）dramatic a.引人注目的（striking）；戏剧性的（theatrical）；生动的（vivid）drastic a.剧烈的（fierce，intense）drift n./vi.漂流；漂泊drill v.钻（孔），打眼（bore）n.钻（孔）；操练（practice）drought n.干旱（期）dubious a.可疑的（questionable）ductile a.易延展的（plastic）due a.到期的；由于（owe to）；预定的（scheduled）dull a.单调的（drab）；迟钝的（slow）dump vt.倾卸，倾倒duplicate vt.复写，复制durable a.持久的，耐用的（long－lasting，lasting）dwarf n.侏儒；矮小的东西vt.使…显得矮小（outshine）dwelling n.住处（house）ease n.不费力Easter n.复活节eccentric a.古怪的；反常的（odd，abnormal）eclipse n.（日月）食vt.使相形见绌ecology n.生态，生态学economy n.经济（制度）；节俭，节约（thrift，saving）ecosystem n.生态系统edible a.可食用的（eatable）edifice n.高大的或宏伟的建筑物editorial n.社论a.社论的eject vt.逐出（expel）；喷出（erupt）elaborate a.精心计划（制作）的（detailed），复杂精美的（ornate，complex）elective a.选修的（optional）electricity n.电；电流electron n.电子elegant a.雅致的，高雅的element n.元素，要素（component）；基础（foundation）elementary a.初级的（primary）elevate vt.举起，抬高（lift，raise）elicit vt.得出，引出（bring out，educe）eligible a.符合条件的，合格的（qualified）eliminate vt.消除；淘汰（eradicate，remove）elliptical a.椭圆的elm n.榆树eloquent a.雄辩的（expressive）；动人的（appealing）elusive a.难懂的；难捕捉的embarrass v.（使）尴尬；（使）困窘embellish vt.修饰（decorate）；渲染（exaggerate）emblem n.徽章（badge）embody vt.体现（express）；含有（contain）embrace vt.乐意或渴望从事于（welcome）embryo n.胚胎；雏形emerald n.绿宝石emerge 显露；暴露（appear）eminent a.显著的；杰出的（outstanding，distinguished）emission n.散发（物），发射emit vt.发出（give off，produce）；放射（radiate）emotion n.感情；情绪（sentiment，feeling）emotional a.感情（上）的，情绪（上）的emphasize vt.强调，着重；重读（stress）enactment n.制度（establishment）encase vt.包住（embed）enclose vt.围住；把…装入（信封、包裹等）encompass vt.包含（include）；环绕（encircle）encounter n./vt.偶然碰到（come across）；遭遇（meet）encourage vt.鼓励，促进（urge，stimulate）encroach vi.侵占，吞食endangered a.将要绝种的（extinct）endeavor vi./n.努力，尽力（strive，effort）endow vt.使天生具有；赋予endure v.忍受，忍耐（tolerate，suffer）enforce vt.实施，执行（carry out）；强迫（compel）engaging a.迷人的（charming）engine n.引擎，发动机engraving n.雕刻术；版画（print）engulf vt.吞没（merge）enhance vt.提高（increase，improve）；增强（enrich）enlightenment n.启发，启迪（illumination）enormous a.巨大的，极大的（remarkable，massive）enrich vt.使充实，使肥沃（fertilize）enroll v.登记（check in）；注册（register）entail vt.牵涉（involve）enterprise n.公司（corporation）；事业enterprising a.有事业心的，有进取心的（ambitious）entertain v.招待；使娱乐（amuse）enthusiasm n.热情（passion）；积极性（positivity）entitle vt.使有权（做某事）entry n.进入（权)；入口处（entrance）envelop vt.包围（surround,encircle）enzyme n.酶，酵素ephemeral a.短暂的，转瞬即逝的（transient）epic n.史诗 a.英雄的epidemic n.流行（popularity）；流行病episode n.一段时期（period）；（电视剧的）一集；一段情节epitomize vt.成为…的缩影epoch n.新纪元，时代（era）equal a.相同的（same）vt.等于（amount）；相当于n.相等的人equator n.赤道equivalent a.相同的（identical）；相当的（interchangeable）equivalent n.对等物（equal）；等价物era n.纪元；时代（period of time，epoch）erect a.直立的（upright）vt.建立（establish）erode vt.侵蚀，腐蚀（corrode，rot）errand n.差事；差使（assignment，task）erupt vi.爆发（burst out）essay n.散文（prose），短文，评论（comment）essence n.本质，精髓（basic nature）essential a.基本的，本质的（substaintial）；重要的establish vt.建立（set，enact）；安置estate n.地产（lands）estimate v.估计（judge，reckon）；估价（value）n.估价；估计eternal a.永恒的，不朽的（lasting）ethics n.道德规范；伦理学ethnic a.种族的（racial）；民族的（national）。
托福综合写作必备词汇
[rəʊm]
罗马
87. clay
[kleɪ]
n. 粘土；泥土
42. Roman Empire
罗马帝国
88. jar
[dʒɑːr]
n. 罐；广口瓶
43. navy
[ˈneɪvi]
n. 海军
89. ritual
[ˈrɪtʃuəl]
n. 仪式；惯例
44 resemble
[rɪˈzembl] v. 类似，像
26. circulation [ˌsɜːrkjəˈleɪʃn] n. 传播，流传 72. parabola [pəˈræ bələ] n. 抛物线
27. documentation
[ˌdɑːkjumenˈteɪʃn] n.证明文件,文件记载
73. flame
fleɪm]
n. 火焰；热情
28. memoir
[niːʃ,nɪtʃ]
n. 壁龛,环境
[ɪ'læ bərət] adj.精心制作的 v.详细描述 150 airborne
[ˈerbɔːrn]
adj. 空运的,空气传播的
[ˈskʌlptʃər] n. /v.雕塑；雕刻 151 lineage
[ˈlɪniɪdʒ]
n. 血统
[bʌst]
n.半身像
152 infect
143 arthropod [ˈɑːrθrəpɑːd] adj./n.节肢动物(的)
[skrɪpt]
n. 脚本；手迹 144 reptile
[ˈreptaɪl]
adj./n. 爬行动物(的)
[tɑːr] [pɪt]
沥青坑
145 amphibian [æmˈfɪbiən] adj./n.两栖动物(的)
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有新闻价值的
• newsworthy
• 道德准则 • Code of ethics
GOVERNMENT & COUNTRY
• 当局
• • • • •
authorities 规范，管理 Regulate, administer 严禁 Strictly prohibit
严格的法律
• Stringent legislation
媒体炒作
• Media hype • • • • 有误导性的 Misleading/ distorted 夸大事件 Exaggerate things/ sensationalize things
揭露
• Expose/ reveal (v.) • 侵犯隐私 • Violate/ intrude on/ infringe on someone’s privacy • 名人 • a celebrity
• • • •
基础设施 infrastructure 电网 Power grid
石油天然气管线
• Pine lines
• 给排水系统 • Water supply and drainage system
LANGUAGE
• 一种可以通用的语言 • a lingua franca/ a universal language
有特殊审美价值的老房子
• Old buildings of special aesthetic value • 让城市更美观 • Better the cityscape • 破旧的（房子） • Rundown (adj.) • Decrepit
拆除（房子）
• Tear down • Knock down • Demolish (v.) • 高楼 • High-rise buildings/ skyscrapers
后代 • descendants
文化融合
• Cultural integration and synthesis
• 文化多元性 • Cultural diversity • …不是一成不变的 • Sth. is not set carved in stone
LIFE DEVELOPMENT
• 生活节奏加快 • The tempo/ pace of life has accelerated
污染
• Contaminate (v.)
• 排放有毒的污水 • Discharge toxic sewage • 排放气体 • Emit fume
白色污染产生的垃圾
• Non- biodegradable rubbish (n.)
• 谴责而不是纵容 • Condemn rather than condone sth. • 监控摄像头 • Surveillance camera
守法的公民
Law- abiding citizens
• 遵守法律 • Abide by/ comply with the law • 抓捕 • Track down/ capture (v.)
ANIMALS
动物权益保护主义者 • Animal right activists
• 残忍的 • Merciless/ inhuman (注意和inhumane “不人道的”区分） • 活体解剖 • vivisection
毁坏某人的名誉
• Tarnish one’s reputation
• 狗仔队 • Paparazzi (pl. n.) • 丑闻 • Scandals
掩盖
• Cover up/ gloss over
• • • • •
不客观的 Biased/ unobjective 及时的,最新的 up-to-date Up-to-the-minute
行人
• Pedestrians (n.) • The tempo/ pace of life has accelerated
• 交通肇事者 • Traffic accident perpetrators (n.) • 监控摄像头 • Surveillance camera
ENVIRONMENT
生态平衡 • Ecological equilibrium
• 富裕的 • Affluent (adj.) • Well-off • 交通堵塞 • Traffic congestion
行人
• Pedestrians (n.) • The tempo/ pace of life has accelerated
• 交通肇事者 • Traffic accident perpetrators (n.) • 监控摄像头 • Surveillance camera
雇佣
• Recruit (v.)
• 劳动力资源 • Labor pool (n.) • 失眠 • insomnia
FAMILIES
• 老年人 • Elderly people/ senior citizens
• 对家庭的依恋 • An attachment to family (n.) • 监控摄像头 • Surveillance camera
臭氧层
Ozone layer
• CRIME
• 触犯法律 • Violate/ disobey the law
心理创伤
Trauma (n.)
• 犯罪 • Commit a crime • 监控摄像头 • Surveillance camera
被绳之以法
Be brought to justice
• 改造罪犯 • Reform/ rehabilitate criminals • 再次犯罪 • Revert to crime
• 监督 • Scrutiny (n.) scrutinize (v.) • 税收 • Tax revenue
为。。。拨款
• • • • Allocate money to sth. Subsidize (v.) Fund (v.) Dedicate money to sth
下岗工人
• Laid-off workers • Downsized workers
不遵守纪律(n.) Indiscipline (n.) Misbehavior (n.) mischief(n.)
通才
Generalist 专才 Specialist 全面发展的 WellWell- rounded/ versatile
文科总称 Liberal studies/ arts 理科 Sciences 工科 engineering
• 英语的广泛使用 • The proliferation of English • 小语种的消亡 • The extinction/ demise of lesserknown languages
CULTURE
• 保护 • Preserve (v.) • 祖先 • Forefathers/ ancestors
TECHNOLOGY
尖端的技术 Cutting-edge technology 互联网的广泛使用 The proliferation of the internet
科技创新和发展 Technological innovations/ inventions/ advances/ progressions 提高效率 Augment / enhance/ boost efficiency
INDEPENDENT TASK
高分词汇
EDUCATION
培养 Foster (v.) Cultivate (v.) Nurture (v.)
促进学生身心发展
Promote the student’s physical, student s mental/ intellectual and emotional development
• 疲劳 • Fatigue (n.) • 导致人与人之间疏远 • Create alienation between…
阻碍(v.) • Impede (v.) • Hinder (v.) • Inhibit (v.) • 扶贫 • Poverty alleviation (n.)
贫穷的
• Poverty- stricken (adj.) • Impoverished
宠物是主人的陪伴
Pets are companions of their masters
• 给主人心理安慰 • Afford their masters consolation and comfort • 偷猎 • Poach （v） poaching (n.
远程通讯
telecommunications 基因构成 Genetic makeup DNA programming
MEDIA 新闻界 the press 时事 Current affairs
报道新闻的机构
news outlets
无处不在的 Prevalent pervasive
充斥着
Be awash with • 审查 • Censor (v.) • 过多的暴力和色情内容 • Excessive violent and pornographic contents
传授知识
• Impart knowledge • 适应 • Adapt to sth. • Adjust oneself to sth. • Become accustomed to sth.
各rricular activities
学校是社会的缩影 A school is society in miniature
• 可持续发展 • Sustainable development (n.) • 监控摄像头 • Surveillance camera
环保主义者
• environmentalist (n.) • conservationist