高考英语阅读理解专项练习

高中毕业班英语阅读理解专项练习（两套）第一套ASome people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.One country received its second—place medals with visible indignation after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match as, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents‟ victory was unfair .Their manager was in a rage when he said:“ This wasn‟t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbace. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the U.S.A. had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non nationalterms, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.1.According to the author, recent Olympic Games have ____.A. created goodwill between the nationsB. bred only false national prideC. hardly showed any international friendshipD. led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred2.What did the manager mean by saying,“...Hockey and the I nternational Hockey Federation are finished”?A. His team would no longer take part in international games.B. Hockey and the Federation are 60th ruined by the unfair decisions.C. There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation.D. The Federation should be dissolved.3.The basketball example implied that ____.A. too much patriotism was displayed in the incidentB. the announcement to prolong the match was wrongC. the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decisionD. The American team was right in receiving the silver medals4.The author gives the two examples in paragraph 2 and 3 to show ____.A. how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international gamesB. that sportsmen have been more obedient than they used to beC. that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendshipD. that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games5.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A. The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.B. Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games.C. Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.D. International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations.BThere are two major parties in Britain today,the Conservative Party and the LabourParty,which have been in power by turns since 1945.The two—party system of Britain was formed in the course of the development of the capitalist state and the political parties.In order to strengthen the state machine,the British bourgeosie have let it come into being and exist in one form or another form since the 17th century. P.S.Tregidgo once said:“The more parties there are,the less likely it is that any one of them will be strong enough in Parliament to outvote all the others;but when there are only two,one of them is sure to have a majority o f seats.This helps to ensure a strong and stable government.”This may be the reason why the British have the two party system.The division into two parties grew out the establishment of a Protestant Church of England in the 16th century.Because of a purely religious difference of opinion,the Puritans were separated from the broad body of the Anglican Church. The non Puritan Anglicans were on the side of the King and Church,and thei r supporters were called by their opponents “Tories.”The Puritans were for Parliament and trade, and their supporters were called by the “Tories”“Whigs”.The Tories and the Whigs were in power by turns for a long time.In 1833,the Tory party split into two and its name was changed to Conservative.In the 1860s the Whigs became Liberals.From that time on,the Liberals and the Conservatives were in office by turns until 1922.The policies they put into effect were sometimes different, but they were both controlled by the rich.The working class became more and more unwilling to follow the Conservatives and the Liberals.They wanted to have their own party.So the Labour party was formed by the trade unions.After 1922 the Labour Party gradually replaced the Liberal Party to become one of the two major parties in Great Britain.6.What does “it” stand for in the third line?A. The two party system.B. The state machine.C. The Partiament.D. The capitalist state.7.We can learn from what P.S Tregidgo once said that ____.A. if there are parties in Britain,none of them will be strong enough to have con trol in the governmentB. the more patients there are,the more likely it is that they will have the deci sive say in the governmentC. the two party system contributes to the establishment of a powerful and long lasting governmentD. if there are only two parties in Britain,it will be easy for the government to control them8.What can we infer from the forming of the Tory Party and the Whig Party?A. These two parties originally believed in different religions.B. These two parties were established under the influence of different religious believes.C. The British King and the Parliament supported different religions becaused they were for the two party system.D. The British King and the Parliament were supported by different parties for political reasons.9.According to the passage,why was the Labour Party established in Britain?A. Because the trade unions did not do much good for the working people.B. Because the Liberal Party were not strong enough to defeat the Conservative Party.C. Because the working people would not like to be members outside the Liberal Party.D. Because neither of the two major parties was the parties for the working people.10.Which of the following is true concerning the Tory Party or the Whig Party?A. The Whig Party no longer exists in Britain.B. The Tory Party has kept its unity until the present day.C. The Whig Party has taken the place of the Liberal Party.D. The Tory Party has taken the place of the Conservative Party.CThe immune system is the body‟s defender.It identifies,tracks down,and destroys troublemakers before they can hurt the body.Those troublemakers may be,for example,bacteria from a cut or splinter,a measles germ,a cold bug,or even a cancer cell.These invaders try to take over our tissues and feed off our bodies‟ nutrients. If they succeed,we become sick or,sometimes,even die.It‟s the job of our immune systems to destroy these invaders before they destroy us.Say you picked up a flu virus(病毒) last week.Perhaps it entered your body through acut,from a drinking glass,or from the air you breathe.Of course,you didn‟t feel it,but the virus made its way into your bloodstream.As soon as it entered your body,it began to reproduce.Viruses have only one goal:to take over your cells.Once inside your body,viruses try to enter cells and disrupt their normal wor k.If left alone,these viruses would hurt so many cells that you would weaken,or worse,get a serious illness.But this flu virus should not be so complacent as it seems to be.As it reproduces in your bloodstream,the virus is met by a certain kind of white blood cell,the lymphocytes.The lymphocytes are the foot soldiers that keep you alive.The number of lymphocytes in your body is hard to imagine.Thousands of them could fit in the period at the end of this sentence.Your body holds about a trillion —that‟s 1,000,000,000,000 of them,or about 3,000 in every drop of blood.Since you began reading this sentence,over 800,000 of them have been created and destroyed.Some of these lymphocytes pass through a small walnut sized organ called the thymus.The thymus is the base of the neck.Here,special hormones(荷尔蒙)turn lymphocytes into fighting cells,called T cells.T cells have one terrific talent:They can tell the difference between friend and foe;what should be in our bodies and what shouldn‟t.They do not affect the body ‟s healthy cells.Yet they attack everything that is foreign to our bodies,such as germs, transplants, and even our own cells which have become abnormal,as in the case of cancer.11.What is the function of our immune system?A. To take over our tissues and feed off our bodies‟ nutrients.B. To prevent bacteria or germs from entering the body.C. To destroy the troublemakers in order that they might not hurt the body.D. To fight against T cells.12.What does the word “lymphocytes” mean?A. Food soldiers.B. Flu virus.C. White blood cells.D. Troublemakers.13.The last sentence in para 5 “since you began reading this sentence,over 800,000 of them have been created and destroyed” implies that ____.A. this sentence contributes to the increase of the number of lymphocytes in your bodyB. you would not realize that lymphocytes reproduce themselves rapidly but for th is sentenceC. because you read this sentence,a large number of lymphocytes have been consume dD. the number of lymphocytes in your body is extremely large14.Which of the following can NOT be detected by T cells?A. Thymus.B. Transplants.C. Cancer cells.D. Healthy cells.15.Which of the following questions best summaries the main idea of the whole passage?A. How does the immune system attack the flu virus?B. How does the immune system function in our body?C. How do the lymphocytes work in our body?D. What is the so called immune system?D“Family” is of course an elastic word.But when British people say that their society is based on family life,they are thinking of “family” in its narrow,peculiarly European sense ofmother,father and children living together alone in their own house as an economic and social unit.Thus,every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new and independent family—hence the tremendous importance of marriage in British life.For both the man and the woman,marriage means leaving one‟s parents and starting one‟s own life.The man‟s first duty will then be to his wife,and the wife‟s to her husband.He will be entirely responsible for her financial support,and she for the running of the new home.Their children will be their common responsibility and theirs alone.Neither the wife‟s parents nor the husband‟s,nor their brothers or sisters,aunts or uncles,have any right to interfere with them—they are their own masters.Readers of novels like Jane Austen‟s Pride and Prejudice will know that in former times marriage among wealthy families were arranged by the girl‟s parents, that is,it was the parents‟duty to find a suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich one, and by skillful encouragement to lead him eventually to ask their permission to marry her.Until that time,the girl was protected and maintained in the parents‟ home,and the financial relief of getting rid of her could be seen in their giving the newly married pair a sum of money called a dowry. It is very different today.Most girls of today get a job when they leave school and become financially independent before their marriage.This has had two results.A girl chooses her own husband,and she gets no dowry.16.What does the author mean by “Family is of course an elastic word”?A. Different families have different ways of life.B. Different definitions could be given to the word.C. Different nations have different families.D. Different times produce different families.17.For an English family,the husb and‟s duty is ____.A. supporting the family while the wife is financialB. defending the family while the wife is running the homeC. financial while the wife is running the homeD. independent while the wife is dependent18.Everything is decided in a family ____.A. by the coupleB. with the help of their parentsC. by brothers and sistersD. with the help of aunts and uncles19.What is true concerning the book Pride and Prejudice ?A. It is the best book on marriage.B. It is a handbook of marriage.C. It gives quite some idea of English social life in the past.D. It provides a lot of information of former time wealthy families.20.With regard to marriage in Britain,present day girls differ from former time girls in ____.A. the right marryB. more parental supportC. choosing husbandsD. social position第二套AThe three main types of secondary education in the United States have been provided by the Latin grammar school,the academy,and the public high school.The first of these was a colonial institution.It began in New England with the establish ment in 1635 of the Boston Free Latin School.The curriculum(课程) consisted mainly of the classical languages,and the purpose of this kind of school was the preparation of boys for college,where most of them would be fitted for the ministry.The academy began in the early 1750‟s with Benjamin Franklin‟s school in Philadelphia, which later became the University of Pennsylvania. It extended generally to about the middle nineteeth century,except in the southern states where the public high school was late in developing and where the academy continued to be a principal means of secondary education even after 1900.The academy was open to girls as well as to boys,and it provided a wider curriculum than what the Latin grammar school had furnished.It was designed not only as a preparation for college but also for practical life in commercial and business activities.Although its wide educational values are evident and are recognized as important contributions to secondary education in this country,the academy has never been considered a public institution as the public high school has come to be.The public high school had its origin in Massachusetts in 1821 when the English Classical School was established in Boston.In 1827,the state enacted(制定)the first state wide publichigh school law in the United States.By 1840,there were perhaps a dozen public high schools in Massachusetts and many in other eastern states by 1850,they could also be found in many other states.Just as the curriculum of the academy grew out of that of the Latin grammar school,the curriculum of the public high school developed out of that of the academy.The public high school in the United States is a repudiation(推翻) of the aristocratic(贵族的)and selective principle of the European educational tradition.Since 1890,enrollments( 入学)in secondary schools,mainly public high schools,have practically doubled in this country every ten years.1.According to the passage,which of the following sequences indicates the order in which the schools developed?A. Latin grammar school,public high school,academy.B. Latin grammar school,academy,public high school.C. Public high school,Latin grammar school,academy.D. Public high school,academy,Latin grammar school.2.It is the opinion of the author that the academy,compared with the public high school,was ____.A. obviously academically betterB. more discriminatory in student selectionC. coeducationalD. not generally considered as a public institution3.The year 1827 marks the ____.A. enactment of the first state wide public high school lawB. founding of the Latin Grammar School in BostonC. establishment of the English classical School in BostonD. year when Massachusetts made free public education compulsory after the eighth grade4.One can probably infer from his article that “Latin grammar school”refers to ____.A. the Boston Free Latin SchoolB. all the elementary schools in the United StatesC. schools which taught Latin,exclusive of all other subjectsD. a number of schools which developed in New England5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ____.A. European educational systems are not goodB. As high schools developed in the united states,the decision was made to make them responsible to people from all classes of socitety.C. There was an aristocratic and selective principle in the European educaional traditionD. public high schools in the United States embraced the European educational traditionBIn the eighteenth—century one of the first modern economists,Adam Smith, thought that the “whole annual produce of the land and labour of every country” provided revenue to “three different orders of people:those who live by rent,those who live by wages,and those who live by profit”.Each successive stage o f the industrial revolution, however,made the social structure more complicated.Many intermediate groups grew up during the nineteenth century between the upper middle class and the working class.There were small—scale industrialists as we ll as large ones,small shopkeepers and tradesmen,officials and salaried employees,skilled and unskilled workers,and professional men such as doctors and teachers. Farmers and peasants continued in all countries as independent groups.During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the possession of wealth inevitably affected a person‟s social position.Intelligent industrialists with initiative made fortunes by their wits which lifted them into an economic group far higher than that of their working—class parents.But they lacked social training of the upper class,who despised them as the “new rich.”They often sent their sons and daughters to special school to acquire soical training.Here their children,mixed with the children of the upper classes,were accepted by them,and very often found marriage partners from among them.In the same way,a thrifty,hardworking labourer,though not clever himself,might save for his son enough to pay for an extended secondary school education in the hope that he would move in a “white co llar”occupation,carrying with it a higher salary and a move up in the social scale.In the twentieth century the increased taxation of higher incomes,the growth of the social services,and the wider development of educational opportunity have considerably altered the social outlook.The upper classes no longer are the sole, or even the main possessors ofwealth,power and education,though inherited social position still carries considerable prestige.6.What criterion did Adam Smith seem to go by in his classification of social groups?A. The amount of wealthB. The amount of moneyC. The social statusD. The way of getting money7.If you compare the first and second paragraph,what groups of people did Adam Smith leave out in his classification?A. Officials and employees.B. Peasants and farmers.C. Doctors and teachers.D. Tradesmen and landlords.8.Who were the …new rich‟ during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?A. They were still the upper class people.B. They were owners of large factories.C. They were intelligent industrialists.D. They were skilled workers who made their fortune.9.According to the passage,what did those people do who intended to make their children move up in the social ladder?A. They saved a lot of money for their children to receive higher education.B. They tried to find marriage partners from the children of the upper class.C. They made greater fortunes by their wits.D. They worked even harder to acquire social training.10.In the twentieth century class differences have been partly smoothed out by ____.A. increased income and decreased taxationB. taxation,social services and educational opportunitiesC. education,the increase of income and industrial developmentD. the decrease of the upper class populationCAttitudes differed to small errors of grammar and usage,or inappropriateness of vocabulary and idiom,with the native speakers finding such errors a little irksome(令人厌烦的)，though sometimes amusing,while the Chinese panel members paid hardly any attention to such errors as,for example,misuse of phrasal verbs and similar usages:“When I saw the job description,I decided to apply the position.” “I expect to find out a lot of challenge in the job.”“I can deal the emergency situations efficiently.”Errors of idiom or appropriateness caused more comment,during the post interview discussion,from the native speakers than from the Chinese panel members, on whom the errors were sometimes lost. For example, one candidate, when asked what salary he expected,replied:“I don‟t care about it.”The message was clear enough,namely that he was primarily interested in the job, but the formulation of the message was not quite right.Even such ribticklers(笑话)as “I am awell planned person .”and “I would like to expose myself in another field”(b oth actually heard at interviews) tended to cause lipbiting among the expatriate rather than the Chinese interviewers.Panels with two Chinese and one expatriate used to be more common,but are becoming less common. The reason is that with more of the interview now being conducted in Chinese, thenon Chinese speaker does not know what has already been asked and is liable to repeat in English questions that have already been covered in Chinese.This caused,naturallyenough,confusion in the interviewee and can adversely affect the whole interview.The sensible procedure would seem to be to open the interview in the mother tongue of the candidates,to put them at their ease,then at a later stage turn to English,to test English proficiency.In practice,however,possibly because of the problem mentioned in the previous paragraph when the panel contains a foreigner,it is often the reverse,with a few,fairly standard,opening questions in English,and if these are successfully answered,then the job interview properly gets underway in Cantonese.One of the worst interview scenarios(方案)is when a foreigner who thinks she/he can speak Cantonese (but does so,in fact,badly) decides to question the interviewee in Cantonese.In other circumstances of a social nature the interviewee would no doubt politely compliment the foreigner on his or her good Cantonese,but in the seriousness of a job interview situation,the Chinese is confused and slightly embarrassed for the foreigner.These forays(初步尝试)into Chinese usually end pretty quickly with one of the Chinese members of the panel rescuing the foreigner and continuing the interview in English.11.The word “adversely” in the last sentence of the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.A. positivelyB. negativelyC. hardD. slightly12.Concerning misuses of phrasal verbs,____.A. both Chinese and the native speakers of English find them amusingB. the Chinese interviewers tend to be tolerantC. the Chinese interviewers and the English native speaker interviewers often have a discussionD. might sometimes become a laughing stock to the native speakers of English but draw hardly any attention from the Chinese13.It is implied in the passage that ____.A. Chinese are generally liable to make mistakes in English grammar and vocabular y usageB. expatriate interviewers are generally more friendly with interviewsC. braver candidates can often get the upper handD. the candidates often deliver an improper message for the use of inappropriate expressions14.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. The non Chinese speaking interviewer might ask the questions which have already been asked by the Chinese and hence cause confusion.B. It is more practicable to start an interview with a few fairly standard questions in English before switching to Chinese.C. The best procedure of an interview would seem to be beginning in Cantonese and then testing English proficiency.D. The Chinese interviewee often politely compliments the foreign interviewer if he or she speaks cantonese if it is not actually so good in the interview.15.This passage is mainly concerned with ____.A. whether language proficiency or work abuility counts in job interviewsB. how to avoid awkward situation in a job interview in HongKongC. the language used in a job interview with both Chinese and expatriate panel membersD. the sensible procedure of getting on with an interview where the Chinese interviewee‟s English is to be testedDThe concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health.If we so desire,we can smoke,drink excessively,refuse to wear seat belts,eat whatever foods we want,and live a completely sedentary life style without any exercise.The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of oursociety,although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smokingcigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors,both inherited and environmental,influence the development of health related behaviors,and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual.However,the decision to adopt a particular health related behavior is usually one of personal choices.There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices.In discussing the morals of personal choice,Fries and Grapo drew a comparison.They suggest that to knowingly give onself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.Thus,for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life,personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.16.The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because ____.A. personal health choice help cure most illnessB. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledgeC. it is essential to personal freedom in American societyD. wrong decisions could lead to poor health17.To “live a completely sedentary life style”(L7,Para.1)in the passage means____.A. to “live an inactive life”B. to “live a decent life”C. to “live a life with complete freedom”D. to “live a life of vice”18.Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because ____.A. current medical knowledge is still insufficientB. there are many factors influencing our decisionsC. few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of lifeD. people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends19.To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to ____.A. improving the quality of one‟s lifeB. limiting one‟s personal health choice。