文德中学高三半期试卷
2020年广东省东莞市文德中学高三历史测试题含解析
2020年广东省东莞市文德中学高三历史测试题含解析一、选择题（每小题2分，共60分）1. 20世纪70年代以来，中国在国际舞台上逐步展现出一个负责任的大国形象，这主要基于A．中国恢复在联合国和世界贸易组织中的合法席位B．中美关系正常化和中国恢复在关贸总协定中的地位C．中国恢复在联合国的合法席位和加入世界贸易组织D．中日邦交正常化和中国加入世界贸易组织参考答案：C2. 中国近代民主革命有高潮也有低潮。
下面对中国共产党领导的民主革命力量变化趋势的描绘，较为准确的是参考答案：B略3. 20世纪60年代初，中央工作会议根据陈云的意见，制定了《关于减少城镇人口和压缩城镇粮食销售的九条办法》。
据统计，全国精简下来的近2 000万职工中，有67%回到农村。
这表明(B)A.中央决定精兵简政减轻人民负担B.中央对党的“左”倾错误的调整C.违背“一五”计划城镇化建设要求D.农村经济体制改革已经初见端倪参考答案：B本题主要考查20世纪50年代至70年代探索社会主义建设道路的实践。
精兵简政出现在抗日战争时期，故A项错误；“左”倾城镇化建设加剧城市经济的困难，这一调整是中央对党的“左”倾错误的调整，故B项正确；“大跃进”造成工业化比例失调，这一调整是对“一五”计划期间“左”倾错误的纠正，而非“违背”，故C项错误；“左”倾错误的工业化应该退回到实际，与农业生产水平相适应，而非农业生产水平跟不上工业化进程，故D项错误。
4. 2017年8月，在浏阳河河底发现一块刻字石碑(如下图)，部分碑文为：“奉宪批示严禁：浏阳县虽属滩河，货船既无阻滞，粮船何至难行，准出示严禁押差船户人等，不得籍运漕粮大堤毁坝毁车，致碍粮田灌溉，如遇滩浅之处自行淘洪前进，亦不准按粮派丁，故滋扰累，如敢不遵，定行拿案，严行重处。
道光十四年十月初三日示。
”对此解读正确的是A．浏阳明代实行“河长制”B．浏阳政府重视河道管理C．浏阳的农业在湖南领先D．浏阳货船运输非常发达参考答案：从碑文中的“道光”可知是在清代，不是明代，故A错；从“奉宪批示严禁”，可知碑文具有政府官文性质，可见浏阳政府重视河道管理，故B对；从材料中无法得出C、D。
贵州省黔东南自治州镇远县文德民族中学校2022届高三上学期期末数学(理)试题
贵州省黔东南自治州镇远县文德民族中学校2022届高三上
学期期末数学（理）试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题
A．1万元B．2万元
5．已知函数()sin,,
4
cos,,
4
x x
f x
x x ππ
⎧
≤
⎪⎪
=⎨
⎪>
⎪⎩
A．()
f x是周期函数
C．()
f x是奇函数
6．某三棱锥的三视图如图所示，其主视图和俯视图均为斜边长是则该三棱锥的体积为（）
二、填空题
三、解答题
(1)求证：AE PC ⊥；
(2)求平面EAD 与平面PCD 20．在平面直角坐标系xOy 线l 与该抛物线交于A ，B 两点，过焦点交于点P ．当直线l 的斜率为(1)求抛物线C 的方程；
(2)求AB PF
的取值范围．
21．已知函数()ln f x x x =+(1)当1a =时，求证：()f x (2)若()f x '是函数()f x 的导函数，且a 的最小值．
22．在直角坐标系：xOy 中，已知倾斜角为点，x 轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，曲线(1)写出曲线C 的直角坐标方程，并指出曲线(2)著直线l 与曲线C 有两个不同的交点23．已知函数()2f x x =+()。
2013文德书院高三第一学期期中考试试卷
文德书院 高三英语期中试卷(2013-11)第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共80分）第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节：单项填空（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）1. ____ number of overseas reporters registered to cover the 18th National Congress has seen ____ remarkable increase.A. A; aB. The; aC. A; theD. The; /2. Look at the price of that bike! It is practically the same as ______ of a new motorcycle.A. oneB. thisC. thatD. it3. ______ of potential danger on late night visits to ATMs, she didn’t dare to go without his boy friend ______ her.A. Warned; accompaniedB. Having warned; accompanyingC. Warning; accompaniedD. Having been warned; accompanying4. I think ______ is little possibility ______ she will be elected as monitor of our class.A. it; thatB. there; thatC. it; whetherD. there; whether5. --- Do you like cooking, Serena?--- ______. Luckily, I’ve never had to worry about it. My husband will do the job.A. Never mindB. Not reallyC. All rightD. No way6. The drunk driver is ________ for the traffic jam ________ yesterday.A. to blame; occurredB. to blame; occurringC. to be blamed; occurredD. to be blamed; occurring7. We are short of clean safe drinking water, which is found to be the ______ in many third world countries.A. exampleB. eventC. caseD. object8. I’m always ________ about what I say because careless remarks are likely to hurt others’feelings.A. enthusiasticB. curiousC. doubtfulD. cautious9. Many students listened to the lecture, but I wondered how much they ______.A. took outB. took upC. took offD. took in10. We are living in an age ______ we treasure very much, because it sees man’s rapid development.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. what11.______your timely help, the three children would not have survived the terrible accident.A. But forB. Thanks toC. Instead ofD. Apart from12. The political situation in Libya will become even worse unless some measures ______.A. will be takenB. are takenC. have takenD. are to take13. Opposite the old town is the 5500 meters Yulong Xueshan Mountain, its peak_______ with snow.A. is coveredB. coveredC. coveringD. covers二O 一三学年度 第 一 学 期14. ---Doug, where is your coach, Chow?---See, he ______ by a group of journalists.A. is being interviewedB. has been interviewedC. is interviewingD. has interviewed15. It was only after World War II had drawn to a close ______ in the United States.A. did the baby boom beginB. that the baby boom beganC. when the baby boom beganD. then the baby boom began16. What is concerning us greatly is ____ the workers held up in that area yesterday will be setfree.A. thatB. whatC. whenD. which17. Chemical pollution will bring about a threat to agriculture and food chain, and ________ tohuman health.A. frequentlyB. significantlyC. steadilyD. consequently18. In the document, it says that all goods ______ be shipped over before the due day.A. shallB. canC. mayD. will19.Friends are angels who lift us to our feet ___ our wings have trouble remembering how to fly.A. unlessB.becauseC.thoughD. when20. --- I must go now, thanks again for your hospitality.--- _________.A. My pleasure! So long!B. With pleasure! Goodbye!C. You are welcome! Go slowly!D. Have a nice day! Good luck第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）My sister and I have been a headache for my mother, because my father was in the army, he was not around too often. __21__, my mother brought us up almost single-handedly and it must have __22__ real strength of mind to bring up such naughty and stubborn children who got out from one trouble only to get into another.Bonus and I weren’t scholars either. __23__, we hated studying from the very beginning. We were __24__ to spend time with our schoolbooks---out of the fear of Mum’s scolding. I almost did not make it to 10th grade. That entire summer Mum __25__ that I read my schoolbooks from the very first chapter till the last.I left __26__ college at 18. In my second year of college, while I was studying for my final exams, I got a phone call from Mum __27__ my sister had failed her 9th grade exams. Mum was heartbroken. My mother was an English teacher in a famous school in the city and it was a(n) __28__ for her.Then started another __29__ for my Mum. There always seemed to be people who would come and talk about how well their children were doing __30__ my mother would be having a tough time making sure we stayed on the right path. Mum was __31__ that we would do well for ourselves. She never let my sister and me __32__ that we had lost out on something and always told us: ―Let this be a lesson. We are going to work really really hard...__33__ will change.‖ Things did change, but very slowly and __34__, one little step at a time. Last year I finished with law school and started working. My mother’s belief in me __35__. And just a few days ago I got a phone from Bonus. She had __36__ the exam with honors and was __37__ to the best university in the country. I was in tears. Later that night I __38__ Mum: ―M um, your two little failures didn’t do as bad ly as everybody thought.‖ M um __39__ and said: ―You are my daughters and I knew you the best. I always knew that you would succeed. It was just a __40__ of time.‖21. A. However B. Thus C. Otherwise D. Besides22. A. devoted B. spent C. taken D. wasted23. A. In that case B. In this wayC. On the other handD. On the contrary24. A. pleased B. annoyed C. forced D. advised25. A. demanded B. concluded C. promised D. mentioned26. A. at B. for C. from D. after27. A. announcing B. reading C. knowing D. saying28. A. shame B. challenge C. pride D. honor29. A. experiment B. research C. conflict D. trial30. A. though B. while C. as D. unless31. A. determined B. astonished C. satisfied D. concerned32. A. predict B. imagine C. guess D. feel33. A. Environment B. Society C. Circumstances D. Impressions34. A. quickly B. extremely C. smoothly D. gradually35. A. made up B. paid off C. took on D. burst out36. A. attended B. received C. passed D. failed37. A. accepted B. allowed C. admitted D. permitted38. A. questioned B. convinced C. persuaded D. called39. A. nodded B. laughed C. shouted D. joked40. A. matter B. period C. waste D. length第二部分：阅读理解（第一节20小题，第二节5小题；每小题2分，共50分）ANEW YORK (AP) — The investigation into the disappearance of 6-year-old Etan Patz has gone through decades and countries, from basements to rooftops and seemingly everywhere in between.No one has ever been charged criminally — and the little boy with sandy brown hair and a toothy grin was declared dead in 2001.This week, the six-year-old boy who went missing from the Soho area of New York City in 1979 is back in the news. Police and the FBI are investigating a possible lead into the 33-year-old case of Etan Patz, the first missing child to appear on the side of a milk box.The child disappeared on the way to school on the morning of May 25, 1979. It was the first time he was allowed to walk the two blocks to the bus stop alone.A tip seemed to have led officials to the basement of a building on the corner of Prince and Wooster streets, about a block and a half from where Etan had lived with his family.The name Etan Patz has become a hot topic on Twitter as people weigh in on the case. Shirley Brady noted: ―As mom to a 6 years old in Soho, it’s s till held out by locals as cautionary tale (警示故事).‖ Another wrote, ―Boy who disappeared on his way to school in 1979 has been REOPENED! Crazy.‖ One wondered, ―Why is FBI and NYPD searching for a kid that disappeared in 1979?‖Good question. This is a case that Stuart Gra Bois, as an assistant U.S. lawyer under Rudolph Giuliani, followed for years. It became the most famous missing-person case in New York City, turned a nationwide spotlight on missing children, and created headlines around the globe. No onewas ever stated guilty of the crime.The case led to the creation of National Missing Children’s Day, marked on May 25, the day the blond-haired, blue-eyed child went missing.The case has even pointed to a suspect, charged with child molester (猥亵者) Julio Antonio Ramos, who is currently in prison. Patz’s babysitter had been dating the man, and Ramos did know the kid, but has denied taking him away.New evidence in the case suggests another suspect who lived in the apartment at the time: a local handyman named Othniel Miller, who gave Etan $1 for helping him the night before the disappearance.The man’s name had come up in an earlier investigation, but he was a friend of the Patz family, and the NYPD did not follow the lead.Investigators plan to be at the site, 127 B Prince St., which is now a Lucky Brand jeans store, for the next two to three days to search for human remains. The Associated Press reports that the excavation (挖掘) has been the result of a recently ordered review of the case by Manhattan’s police.41. We can learn from the first three paragraphs that ________.A. The 6-year-old missing boy was found by the side of a milk boxB. Police and the FBI have not been following the case of Etan Patz for 33 yearsC. The investigation into the disappearance of boy has worked fruitlessly for decadesD. Etan Patz went missing from the Soho area of New York city in 1979 and died in 200142. What does the underlined phrase ―weigh in on the case‖ mean?A. ignore the caseB. feel stressed on the caseC. reopen the caseD. begin to discuss the case43. What was a possible cause of reopening the case of Etan Patz？A. Local lawyers strongly demanded the reopening of the case.B. The Associated Press reported the result of the review of the case.C. New evidence appeared which led officials to the basement of a building.D. Local people realized the importance of the case without criminal being charged.44. Which of the following statements is true in the text?A. The National Missing Children’s Day was created on May 25, 1979.B. The search for human remains will be carried out at 127 B Prince Street.C. The NYPD didn’t follow the lead of Julio Antonio for he had been dating Patz’ babysitter.D. Othniel Miller, a local handyman assisted Etan and gave him $1 before the disappearance.45. We can learn from the passage that ________.A. People air the same view about the case on the InternetB. People reject the reopening of the case of the missing boyC. The missing-person case still has a long-lasting influence on peopleD. Twitter is the only place for people to discuss about missing-person casesBGeneric Name: ASPIRINPronunciation: ['æspərin]Why it is prescribed (开药方)：1.Aspirin relieves mild to moderate pain.2.It reduces fever, redness, and swelling.3.It prevents blood from clotting (凝结).When it is to be taken:1.Aspirin is often taken without a prescription.2.Follow the instructions on the label and package.3.If your doctor prescribes aspirin for you, you will receive specific instructions for how oftenyou should take it.4.Keep in touch with your doctor.How it should be taken:1.Aspirin comes in the form of suppositories (栓剂), capsules, and regular, coated,extended-release, and chewable tablets.2.Regular, coated, and extended-release aspirin tablets and capsules should be swallowed with afull glass of water or milk after meals to avoid stomach upset.3.Chewable aspirin tablets may be chewed, crushed, dissolved in a liquid, or swallowed whole;a full glass of water, milk, or fruit juice should be drunk immediately after taking these tablets. Special Instruction:1.Children should not take aspirin for fevers associated with flu or chickenpox (水痘) becausesuch use has been linked with a serious illness known as Reye’s syndrome.2.Adults should not take aspirin for pain for more than 10 days (five days for children) withoutconsulting a doctor.3.Aspirin should not be taken by adults or children for high fever, fever lasting longer than threedays without a doctor’s supervision (监管).4.Do not give more than five doses (剂量) to a child in a 24-hour period unless directed to do soby a doctor.5.If you miss a dose, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it and resume theprescribed schedule.Side Effects:1.Although side effects from aspirin are not common, they can occur.2.Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, indigestion and heartburn are common. Take aspirin aftermeals, with a full glass of water or milk. If these effects continue, contact your doctor.3.Ringing in the ears, bloody or black stools (粪便), difficulty breathing, dizziness, mentalconfusion and sleepiness are rare. Stop taking the drug and contact your doctor.Other Precautions:1.If you are pregnant or breast-feeding women, inform your doctor before taking aspirin.2.Do not take aspirin if you are within three months of delivery.3.Do not take aspirin if you are allergic (过敏) to it.4.If you have diabetes (糖尿病), regular use of eight or more regular strength aspirin tablets aday may affect test result.5.If you are taking large doses of aspirin on a long-term basis, avoid having alcoholic drinksbecause alcohol can increase stomach problems.6.To prevent an overdose of aspirin, read the labels before taking other pain relievers and coldproducts to be sure that they do not contain aspirin.Storage Conditions:1.Store aspirin in a cool place or in a refrigerator.2.Throw away aspirin that smells strongly of vinegar.3.Keep this aspirin out of the reach of children.46. Which of the following about Aspirin is correct?A. It only comes in the form of regular tablets.B. It should not be taken for more than 5 days for children.C. It can be used to reduce fever and pain and prevent blood clotting.D. It causes ringing in the ears or difficulty breathing after being taken47. If you start taking aspirin, you should do all the following things EXCEPT ________.A. keeping in touch with your doctorB. taking aspirin tablets after meals to avoid stomach upsetC. drinking a full glass of juice immediately after taking chewable aspirin tabletsD. taking more than 8 regular strength aspirin a day while suffering from diabetes48. The underlined word ―resume‖ most probably means ________.A. continueB. make upC. pauseD. throw away49. Which of the following might be a side effect caused by Aspirin?A. blood clottingB. stomach upsetC. lasting feverD. sight problem50. Where can we probably come across such a text?A. In a research paper.B. In the package of a medicineC. In a medical textbook.D. In a scientific and technological magazineCThe practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful---both in school and in life.Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks---both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write. ―Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.‖ Berninger said.Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) ―those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,‖ the study said. Seeing the words in the ―mind’s eye‖ helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(发现) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time.―In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,‖ she said. ―But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options givenby the computer.‖51. What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?A. The absence of blackboard in classroom.B. The use of new technologies in teaching.C. The lack of practice in handwriting.D. The popular use of smartphones.52. Berninger’s study published in 2009 ___________.A. focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer.B. indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper.C. found that good essays are made up of long sentences.D. discussed the importance of writing speed.53. Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?A. Spelling improves one’s memory of words.B. Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.C. Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.D. Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.54. What does ―mind’s eye‖ in paragraph 5 mean?A. Window.B. SoulC. Picture.D. Imagination.55. What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?A. Computers can help people with their choice of words.B. Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.C. Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms.D. Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.DMy grandson, Daniel, and I have always been very close. When Daniel’s father remarried after a divorce, Daniel, who was eleven, and his little sister, Kristie, came to live with us. My husband and I were more than happy to have kids in the house again.Things were going along just fine until the diabetes (糖尿病) I’ve lived with most of my adult life started affecting my eyes, and then more seriously, my kidneys (肾). Then everything seemed to fall apart.Three times a week, I had to go to the hospital to be hooked up to a dialysis machine (透析机). I was living, but I couldn’t really call it a life --- it was an existence. I had no energy. I dragged myself through daily chores and slept as much as I could. My sense of humor seemed to disappear.Daniel, seventeen by then, was really affected by the change in me. He tried as hard as he could to make me laugh, to bring back the grandma who loved to clown around (开玩笑) with him. Even in my sorry state, Daniel could still bring a smile to my face.But things were not improving. After a year on dialysis, my condition was deteriorating (恶化) and the doctors felt that if I didn’t receive a kidney transplant within six months, I would surely die. No one told Daniel this, but he knew --- he said all he had to do was look after me. To top it off, as my condition worsened, there was a chance that I would become too weak to have the transplant surgery at all, and then there would be nothing they could do for me. So we started the tense and desperate wait for a kidney.I was adamant (坚决的) that I didn’t want a kidney from anyone I knew. I would wait until an appropriate kidney became available, or I would literally die waiting. But Daniel had otherplans. The time that he took me to my dialysis appointments, he did a little secret research on his own. Then he announced his intention to me.―Grandma, I’m giving you one of my kidneys. I’m young and I’m healthy …‖ He paused. He could see I wasn’t at all happy with his offer. He continued, almost in whisper, ―And most of all, I couldn’t stand it if you weren’t around.‖ His face wore an expressi on of appeal mixed with determination. He can be as stubborn as a mule (驴) once he decides on something --- but I’ve been told many times that I can out-stubborn any mule!We argued. I couldn’t let him do it. We both knew that if he gave up his kidney, he would also give up his life’s dream; to play football. It was all he ever talked about. And he was good, too. Daniel was co-captain and star defensive tackle (防守阻截队员) of his high school team; he expected to apply for a football scholarship and was looking forward to playing college football. He just loved the sport.―How can I let you throw away the thing that means the most to you?‖ I pleaded with him.―Grandma,‖ he said softly, ―compared to your life,football means nothing to me.‖After that, I couldn’t argue anymore. So we agreed to see if he was a good donor (捐赠者) match, and then we’d discuss it further. When the tests came back, they showed Daniel was a perfect match. That was it. I knew I wasn’t going to win that argument, so we scheduled the transplant.Both surgeries went smoothly. As soon as I came out of the anesthesia (麻醉) , I could tell things were different. I felt great! The nurses in the intensive care unit had to keep telling me to lie back and be quiet --- I wasn’t supposed to be that lively! I was afraid to go to sleep, for fear I would break the spell (魔法) and wake up the way I had been before. But the good feeling didn’t go away, and I spent the evening joking and laughing with anyone who would listen. It was so wonderful to feel alive again.The next day they moved me out of ICU and onto the floor where Daniel was recuperating (复原) three doors away. His grandfather helped him walk down to see me as soon as I was moved into my room. When we saw each other, we did not know what to say. Holding hands, we just sat there and looked at each other for a long time, overwhelmed by the deep feeling of love that connected us.Finally, he spoke, ―Was it worthwhile, grandma?‖I laughed a little ruefully (懊悔). “It was for me! But was it for you?”I asked him.He nodded and smiled at me. ―I’ve got my grandma back.‖And I have my life back. It still amazes me. Every morning, when I wake up, I thank God --- and Daniel --- for this miracle. A miracle born of the purest love.56. Grandma’s diabetes brought about all the following EXCEPT that _______.A. her eyes and her kidneys were affectedB. grandma became quite a different personC. Daniel had to be sent back to his fatherD. everything was thrown into confusion57. When grandma was at her lowest, what did Daniel do to bring her back to her usual life?A. He tried his best to make her laugh.B. He helped her with the daily chores.C. He gave up his dream of going to college.D. He searched desperately for a good donor match.58. How did grandma feel when Daniel announced his intention to give her one of his kidneys?A. She was moved by his selfless decision.B. She wasn’t at all happy with his offer.C. She felt relieved that an appropriate kidney was available.D. She was enthusiastic about having a kidney of someone she loved.59. How was grandma when she came out of the anesthesia after the surgery?A. She was feeling low.B. She was full of life.C. She was exhausted.D. She was the way she had been before.60. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. Grandma got her life back thanks to Daniel’s selfless donation.B. Grandma thought her returning to life was a miracle of pure love.C. Daniel agreed with grandma that the transplant was worthwhile for her, not for him.D. Much as he loved football, grandma’s life meant the most to Daniel.第二节：根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D、E,F中选出最适合放入短文空缺处的选项，并将序号及相应答案写在答题纸上。
2022-2023学年贵州省镇远县文德民族中学校高三上学期开学考试数学(理科)试题
2022-2023学年贵州省镇远县文德民族中学校高三上学期开学考试数学（理科）试题1.已知集合，，则（）A．B．C．D．2.设复数，则（）A．B．C．D．3.已知，，则等于（）A．B．C．D．4.已知，则向量与的夹角为（）A．B．C．D．5.某几何体的三视图如图所示，则该几何体的体积为（）A．4B．6C．8D．126.将函数的图象向左平移个单位后，得到的图象，则A．B．的图象关于对称C．D．的图象关于对称7.在中，角的对边分别为，若，，且，则A．B．C．3D．48.两位同学分4本不同的书，每人至少分1本，4本书都分完，则不同的分发方式共有（）A．10种B．14种C．20种D．24种9.过抛物线的焦点F的直线交抛物线于A，B两点，若的最小值为4，则的最小值是（）A．2B．C．4D．10.执行如图所示的程序，输出的结果为120，则判断框中应填入的条件为（）A．B．C．D．11.已知数列满足，且对任意的，都有，则该数列的前10项和（）A．32B．150C．185D．25012.已知函数，，若成立，则的最小值为A．B．C．D．13.以为圆心的圆与圆相切，则圆的方程为______.14.已知函数是定义在上的奇函数，且为偶函数，则______．15.在三棱锥P-ABC中，PA⊥AB，AC⊥AB，PA=3，AC=4，PC=5，且三棱锥P-ABC的外接球的表面积为28π，则AB=______．16.已知双曲线的左顶点为，右焦点为，点，双曲线的渐近线上存在一点，使得顺次连接构成平行四边形，则双曲线的离心率为______．17.已知正项等比数列满足，，且，，成等差数列.（1）求数列的通项公式；（2）求数列的前100项和.18.18.从年月日开始，支付宝用户可以通过“扫福字”和“参与蚂蚁森林”两种方式获得福卡（爱国福、富强福、和谐福、友善福，敬业福），除夕夜，每一位提前集齐五福的用户都将获得一份现金红包．某高校一个社团在年后开学后随机调查了位该校在读大学生，就除夕夜之前是否集齐五福进行了一次调查（若未参与集五福的活动，则也等同于未集齐五福），得到具体数据如下表：是否集齐五福性别是否合计男女合计（1）根据如上的列联表，能否在犯错误的概率不超过的前提下，认为“集齐五福与性别有关”？（2）计算这位大学生集齐五福的频率，并据此估算该校名在读大学生中集齐五福的人数；（3）以（2）中的频率作为概率，从该校的名在读大学生中随机选取名，记这名大学生集齐五福的人数为，求的数学期望及方差．参考公式：．附表：19.如图，在四棱锥中，，，，是以为斜边的等腰直角三角形，且.（1）证明：平面平面.（2）求二面角的余弦值.20.已知为椭圆上的一点，为椭圆C 的左、右焦点，点，直线将的面积分为3∶1两部分．(1)求椭圆C 的方程；(2)已知直线与椭圆C 相交于P ，Q 两点，M 为的中点，O 为坐标原点，且，求实数m 的最小值．21.已知函数．(1)当曲线在点处的切线斜率取得最小值时，求的单调区间；(2)设，若对恒成立，求的取值范围．22.在平面直角坐标系中，曲线C的参数方程为（m为参数），以坐标原点O为极点，x轴的非负半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，直线l的极坐标方程为．(1)求直线l的直角坐标方程和曲线C的直角坐标方程；(2)已知点，若直线l与曲线C相交于P，Q两点，求的值．23.已知函数．(1)若，求t的取值范围；(2)若对恒成立，求整数a的个数．。
安徽省阜阳市文德中学2021-2022学年高三物理模拟试题带解析
安徽省阜阳市文德中学2021-2022学年高三物理模拟试题含解析一、 选择题：本题共5小题，每小题3分，共计15分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意 1. （单选）两个质量均为m 的星体，其连线的垂直平分线为MN ，O 为两星体连线的中点，如图所示，一物体从O 沿OM 方向运动，则它所受到的万有引力大小F 随距离r 的变化情况大致正确的是（不考虑其他星体的影响）参考答案： B2. （多选）“嫦娥二号”探月卫星沿地月转移轨道到达月球附近，在P 点进行第一次“刹车制动”后被月球捕获，进入椭圆轨道绕月飞行，如图所示．已知“嫦娥二号”的质量为m ，远月点Q 距月球表面的高度为h ，运行到Q 点时它的角速度为ω，加速度为a ，月球的质量为M 、半径为R ，月球表面的重力加速度为g ，万有引力常量为G ．则它在远月点时对月球的万有引力大小为（ ）B参考答案：解答： 解：设卫星在月球表面对月球的万有引力即重力为F 1，在远月点时对月球的万有引力为F ；A 、据万有引力公式得 在远月点时对月球的万有引力为，故A 错误；B 、据力与运动的关系得 在远月点时卫星所受合力即万有引力 F=ma ； 故B 正确；C 、据万有引力公式得 在月球表面时卫星所受重力即二者万有引力①在远月点时卫星对月球的万有引力 = ②把①代入②可得 故C 正确；D 、此公式适用于匀速圆周运动，而卫星在绕月椭圆运动时速度变化不均匀，不适用． 此题选择正确项，故选 BC ．面向里。
磁感应强度随时间变化的规律是B=（6-0.2t ）T ，已知电路中的R1=4Ω，R2=6Ω，电容C=30μF ，线圈A 的电阻不计。
则A ．闭合S 一段时间后，通过R2的电流为2A ，方向由a 至bB ．闭合S 一段时间后，通过R2的电流为4×10-2 A ，方向由b 至aC．闭合S一段时间后，断开S，S断开后通过R2的电荷量为2.4×10-4 CD．闭合S一段时间后，断开S，S断开后通过R2的电荷量为3.6×10-4 C参考答案：AD4. （多选）如图所示，有一正方体空间ABCDEFGH，则下面说法正确的是()．A.若A点放置一正点电荷，则B、H两点的电场强度大小相等B.若A点放置一正点电荷，则电势差UBC>UHGC..若在A、E两点处放置等量异种点电荷，则C、G两点的电势相等D.若在A、E两点处放置等量异种点电荷，则D、F两点的电场强度大小相等参考答案：BD 解析：A、若A点放置一正点电荷，由于B与H到A的距离不相等，使用B、H两点的电场强度大小不相等．故A错误；B、若A点放置一正点电荷，由图中的几何关系可知，BC之间的电场强度要大于HG之间的电场强度，结合它们与A之间的夹角关系可得电势差UBC＞UHG，故B正确；C、若在A、E两点处放置等量异种点电荷，则AE连线的垂直平分平面是等势面，等势面两侧的点，一定具有不同的电势，使用C、G两点的电势一定不相等．故C错误；D、若在A、E两点处放置等量异种点电荷，等量异种点电荷的电场具有对称性，即上下对称，左右对称，D与H上下对称，所以电场强度大小相等；H与F相对于E点一定位于同一个等势面上，所以H与F两点的电势相等，则D、F两点的电场强度大小相等．故D正确．故选：BD．5. 如图所示，两个垂直纸面的匀强磁场方向相反，磁感应强度的大小均为B，磁场区域的宽度均为a，一个正三角形导线框ADC（高为a）从图示位置沿图示方向匀速穿过两磁场区域，以逆时针方向为电流的正方向，则感应电流I与线框移动距离x的关系图像正确的是参考答案：C二、填空题：本题共8小题，每小题2分，共计16分6. （4分）如图所示，有一水平轨道AB，在B点处与半径为300 m的光滑弧形轨道BC 相切，一质量为0.99 kg的木块静止于B处，现有一质量为10 g的子弹以500m/s的水平速度从左边射入木块且未穿出。
贵州省黔东南州镇远县文德民族中学校2022-2023学年高三上学期11月第一次月考语文试题(原卷版)
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回
4.本卷主要考查内容：高考范围。
一、现代文阅读（36分）
（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）
阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
农业文化遗产是先民通过农业生产活动所创造并不断演化的传统农业系统，不仅受到气候条件的影响，而且还对气候变化具有一定的适应与调控能力。同时，气象服务对于农业文化遗产保护和利用也具有重要作用。
B.文章总体上采用总分式论证结构，论证部分阐述气候变化与农业文化遗产保护的关系则采用了并列式论证结构。
C.文章第三段以哈尼梯田等南方稻作梯田面积减少，早地面积增加为例，论证长期气候变化影响着农业物种驯化。
D.文章第四段“其次”“一定的”“最大限度”等词语的使用，体现了科学类论说文条理清楚、用语严谨的特点，
D.开展农事活动的预报，加强气候分析和天气预报、丰富旅游业态等有助于克服目前农业文化遗产旅游中一些普遍存在的问题。
（二）实用类文本阅读{本题共3小题，12分）
阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
材料一
在西方社会，传统观念认为味觉是由酸甜苦咸四种基本味觉组成。19世纪，德国医生汉尼葛对基本味觉的敏感度进行了测试，得出结论；舌头各部位对四种基本味道的感应各不相同。于是绘画了一张流传甚广的舌图。很多人由此便认为敏感度低的部分就不能感受该味道。1974年，科林斯博士对汉尼葛的工作进行了重新检测，认为他的主要结论是正确的；舌头的不同部位对味觉的触感度不同，但差别不大。舌头、口腔腭和喉部各处都有味觉感受器。它们都能感受四种基本味道。人的味觉是靠味觉感受器感知的，但是舌头上的神经会向大脑传递信息，你的眼睛会“尝”到红辣椒的“辣”，你的鼻子也能“闻”到食物的气味，这些结合在一起，你就有了味道的概念。换句话说，视觉、嗅觉和味觉是互相影响的，眼睛和鼻子虽不能直接感知味觉，但颜色和气味能够增强或减弱味觉感受器对味道的感知。
贵州省镇远县文德民族中学校2021届高三11月月考数学(理)试题
贵州省镇远县文德民族中学校2021届高三11月月考数学（理）试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题1．若复数51i z i-=-，则||z =（ ） AB ．13 CD ．10 2．已知集合{0,1,2,3}A =，{}22990B x x x =-+≤，则AB =（ ） A ．{0,1} B ．{1,2}C ．{2,3}D ．{0,1,2}3．已知(,2),(1,3)a x x b =-=-，若a b ⊥，则x =（ ）A ．3B ．2C ．1D ．1-4．25()xy x y -的展开式中44x y 的系数为（ ）A ．10-B ．20-C ．10D ．205．设x ，y 满足约束条件2120y x y x x ≥-⎧⎪≤+⎨⎪≥⎩，则x y +的最大值为（ ）A ．2B ．4C ．6D ．86．在ABC 中，内角A 、B 、C 所对的边分别为,,a b c ，若ABC 的面积为cos ab C ，则tan C =（ ）A ．12B ．2 CD．27．按文献记载，《百家姓》成文于北宋初年，表1记录了《百家姓》开头的24大姓氏： 表1表2记录了2018年中国人口最多的前25大姓氏：表2从《百家姓》开头的24大姓氏中随机选取1个姓氏，则该姓氏是2018年中国人口最多的前24大姓氏的概率为（ ）A ．512B ．1124 C ．12 D ．1324 8．函数sin31()3x f x ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭的单调递增区间为（ ） A ．,()6323k k k ππππ⎡⎤++∈⎢⎥⎣⎦Z B ．22,()6323k k k ππππ⎡⎤++∈⎢⎥⎣⎦Z C ．,()6363k k k ππππ⎡⎤-++∈⎢⎥⎣⎦Z D ．22,()6363k k k ππππ⎡⎤-++∈⎢⎥⎣⎦Z 9．某几何体的三视图如图所示，其中俯视图中的正方形的面积为4．已知P ，Q 是该几何体表面上任意两点，若PQ 的最大值为4，则该几何体的体积为（ ）A B ．3 C D 10．已知函数()(lg )(0),[1,10]f x a x x a D =+>=，若所有点(,())(,)s f t s t D ∈构成一个正方形区域，则a =（ ）A ．45B ．54C ．910D ．10911．四棱锥P ABCD -的每个顶点都在球O 的球面上，PA 与矩形ABCD 所在平面垂直，3AB =，AD =，球O 的表面积为13π，则直线PA 与平面PBD 所成角的正切值为（ ）A ．32B ．3C ．43D ．212．设直线2y x a =+与双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b-=>>交于A ，B 两点，O 为坐标原点，若直线OA 与OB 的斜率之积为32-，则双曲线C 的离心率为（ ）A B ．2 C D二、填空题13．函数()()21ln x f x x =-的零点个数为______．14．曲线()ln x f x e x =-在点(1,(1))f 处的切线方程为_______．15．已知tan 6tan 4παα⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭，则tan α=______． 16．斜率为(0)k k <的直线l 过点(0,1)F ，且与曲线21(0)4y x x =及直线1y =-分别交于A ，B 两点，若||6||FB FA =，则k =______．三、解答题 17．已知等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，若3158,6S a a =+=．（1）求数列{}n a 的通项公式；（2）记12n n b S n=-，求数列{}n b 的前n 项和n T ． 18．心理学认为，人必须有个好心情，没有好心情，就没有好身体，没有好的生活．人的心情时好时坏，千变万化，我们应该调整好自己的心情，让自己心花绽放，要经常处在愉悦、快乐、豁达、大度的情境中．一个病人，如果心情调整好，病魔就会不知不觉被吓跑；如果心理压力大，只会使病情越恶化．某医院心理门诊为了研究下雨天对人心情的影响，招募了一批参与者来反馈自己每天的心情，经过一段时期的统计和科学分析，得到如下列联表：（1）能否有95%的把握认为人的情绪低落与下雨天有关？（2）用分层抽样的方法从下雨天“心情愉悦”和“情绪低落”的人中按心情抽取6人进行心理调查，再从这6人中随机抽取2人，记这2人中“情绪低落”的人数为X ，求X 的分布列和数学期望．附：22(),()()()()n ad bc K n a b c d a b c d a c b d -==+++++++．19．如图，在直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中，14,AB AA AC BC ====D 为AB 的中点，E 为11B C 的中点．（1）求证：CD ⊥平面11ABB A ；（2）求平面CDE 与平面11BB C C 所成二面角的正弦值．20．已知椭圆2222:1(0)x y E a b a b+=>>的左、右焦点分别为12,F F ，P 为E 上的一个动点．且2PF 的最大值为2+，E 的离心率与椭圆22:128x y Ω+=的离心率相等． （1）求E 的方程；（2）直线l 与E 交于M ，N 两点（M ，N 在x 轴的同侧），当12//F M F N 时，求四边形12F F NM 面积的最大值．21．已知函数2()e 2e 4x x f x x =--.（1）求()f x 的单调区间；（2）当0x >时，()e (41)x a f x a x ⋅<-+恒成立，求a 的取值范围.22．在直角坐标系xOy 中，直线l 的参数方程为1x tcos y tsin αα=⎧⎨=+⎩（t 为参数）.以坐标原点为极点，x 轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系，已知曲线C 的极坐标方程为2ρsin θθ0-=.（1）写出直线l 的普通方程及曲线C 的直角坐标方程；（2）已知点()P 01，，点)Q 0，直线l 过点Q 且曲线C 相交于A ，B 两点，设线段AB 的中点为M ，求PM 的值.23．已知函数()221f x x x =++-.（1）求()f x 的最小值；（2）若不等式()0f x x a +-<的解集为(,)m n ，且6n m -=，求a 的值.参考答案1．A【分析】求出复数z 后可求其模.【详解】()()()()51564321112i i i i z i i i i -+-+====+--+，故z == 故选：A.2．C【分析】先求出集合B ，再根据交集定义即可求出.【详解】由题可知，集合{}0,1,2,3A =，{}23299032B x x x x x ⎧⎫=-+≤=≤≤⎨⎬⎩⎭， 则{}2,3A B ⋂=.故选：C.3．A【分析】根据a b ⊥可得0a b ⋅=，即可求解.【详解】a b ⊥，()()1230a b x x ∴⋅=⨯-+-⨯=，解得3x =.故选：A.4．C【分析】求出5()x y -的展开式的通项，令2r即可求出. 【详解】可得5()x y -的展开式的通项为()5151rr r r r T C x y -+=-，令2r ，即可得出44x y 的系数为()225110-=C . 故选：C.5．D【分析】作出可行域，平移目标函数找到取最大值的点，代入可求最大值.【详解】作出不等式组表示的可行域,如图，设z x y =+，由图可知，当直线z x y =+经过点A 时，取到最大值，联立212y x y x =-⎧⎨=+⎩可得(3,5)A ，代入可得z 取得最大值8． 故选：D6．B【分析】利用三角形的面积公式可得ABC 的面积为1sin cos 2ab C ab C =，即可求解. 【详解】由三角形的面积公式可得ABC 的面积为1sin 2ab C ， 又因为ABC 的面积为cos ab C ， 所以1sin cos 2ab C ab C =，即sin 2cos C C =， 所以sin tan 2cos C C C==，故选：B7．C【分析】先求得从《百家姓》开头的24大姓氏中随机选取1个姓氏的基本事件数，再从2018年中国人口最多的前24大姓氏找出《百家姓》开头的24大姓氏的基本事件数，代入古典概型的概率公式求解.【详解】因为从《百家姓》开头的24大姓氏中随机选取1个姓氏的基本事件共有24种， 2018年中国人口最多的前24大姓氏中《百家姓》开头的24大姓氏的基本事件有赵、孙、李、周、吴、郑、王、陈、杨、朱、何、张共有12种，所以该姓氏是2018年中国人口最多的前24大姓氏的概率为概率为121242=， 故选：C8．B【分析】 sin31()3x f x ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭是由sin3t x =和13t y ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭复合而成，因为13t y ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭是单调递减函数，所以函数sin31()3x f x ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭的单调递增区间也即是求sin3t x =的单调递减区间， 由()323222k x k k Z ππππ+≤≤+∈即可求解. 【详解】令sin3t x =，则13ty ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭， 因为13t y ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭是单调递减函数， 所以函数sin31()3x f x ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭的单调递增区间也即是求sin3t x =的单调递减区间， 令()323222k x k k Z ππππ+≤≤+∈， 解得：()226323k k x k Z ππππ+≤≤+∈，所以函数sin31()3x f x ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭的单调递增区间为22,()6323k k k ππππ⎡⎤++∈⎢⎥⎣⎦Z ， 故选：B【点睛】 关键点点睛：本题的关键点是sin31()3x f x ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭是由sin3t x =和13t y ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭复合而成，因为13t y ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭是单调递减函数，所以函数sin31()3x f x ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭的单调递增区间也即是求sin3t x =的单调递减区间，利用三角函数的性质即可求解.9．B【分析】 根据三视图还原该几何体，得到该几何体是四棱锥，且侧棱与底面垂直，底面是正方形，根据题中条件，求出几何体的高，再由几何体体积公式，即可求出结果.【详解】由三视图还原该几何体如下，该几何体为四棱锥E ABCD -，且侧棱EA ⊥平面ABCD ，底面为正方形，因为俯视图中的正方形的面积为4，则底面边长为2，因为P ，Q 是该几何体表面上任意两点，若PQ 的最大值为4，根据该四棱锥的特征可知，PQ 的最大值为4EC ==，所以EA =，因此该四棱锥的几何体为114333E ABCD ABCD V EA S -=⋅=⨯=. 故选：B.【点睛】关键点点睛：求解本题的关键在于先由三视图还原几何体，根据题中PQ 的最大值为4，求出该几何体的高，进而即可求解. 10．C 【分析】判断出函数的单调性，求出函数的值域[],11a a ，从而可得11101a a -=-即可求解. 【详解】函数()(lg )(0)f x a x x a =+>在[]1,10上单调递增， 则()f x 在[]1,10上的值域为[],11a a ， 因为所有点(,())(,)s f t s t D ∈构成一个正方形， 所以11101a a -=-，解得910a =. 故选：C 11．A 【分析】根据外接球面积可求得1AP =，以A 为原点建立如图所示空间直角坐标系，利用向量法可求出. 【详解】设球的半径为R ，则2413R ππ=，解得R =由题可得,,AP AB AD 两两垂直，则该球等价于以,,AP AB AD 为棱的长方体的外接球，2R ∴=1AP =，以A 为原点建立如图所示空间直角坐标系，则()()()()0,0,0,0,0,1,3,0,0,A P B D ，()()()0,0,1,3,0,1,0,3,1AP PB PD ∴==-=-，设平面PBD 的一个法向量为(),,n x y z =，则00n PB n PD ⎧⋅=⎨⋅=⎩，即300x z z -=⎧⎪-=，令1x =，可得()1,3,3n =，设直线PA 与平面PBD 所成角为θ，则sin cos ,1AP n AP n AP nθ⋅=<>===⨯⋅ 0,90θ⎡⎤∈⎣⎦，cos θ∴=sin 3tan cos 2θθθ∴==. 故选：A. 【点睛】利用法向量求解空间线面角的关键在于“四破”：第一，破“建系关”，构建恰当的空间直角坐标系；第二，破“求坐标关”，准确求解相关点的坐标；第三，破“求法向量关”，求出平面的法向量；第四，破“应用公式关”. 12．D 【分析】将直线与双曲线方程联立，利用韦达定理以及32OA OB k k ⋅=-即可求解. 【详解】联立222221y x a x y a b=+⎧⎪⎨-=⎪⎩，得()2223422440b a x a xa ab ----=，设()()1122,,,A x y B x y ，则312224a x x b a +=-，42212224a a b x x b a +=--，()()12121212121222OA OB x a x a y y y y k k x x x x x x ++⋅=⋅== ()221222122433142a x x ab x x a b ++-=+==-+， 所以224b a =，e ==故选：D 13．1 【分析】令()0f x =，直接求解，结合函数定义域，即可得出函数零点，确定结果. 【详解】由()()21ln 0xf x x =-=可得210x -=或ln 0x =，因此0x =，1x =， 又函数()()21ln xf x x =-的定义域为()0,∞+，所以1x =，即函数()()21ln xf x x =-的零点只有1个. 故答案为：1 【点睛】 方法点睛：判定函数()f x 零点个数的常用的方法：（1）直接法：直接求解函数对应的方程，得到方程的根，即可得出结果；（2）数形结合法：先令()0f x =，将函数零点个数问题，转化为对应方程的根，进而转化为两函数图像交点个数问题，结合图像，即可得出结果. 14．()110e x y --+= 【分析】对()ln xf x e x =-求导可得1()xf x e x'=-，可得(1)1k f e '==-，再计算 (1)ln1f e e =-=，利用点斜式可写出直线的方程.【详解】因为()ln x f x e x =-，所以(1)ln1f e e =-=，所以切点为(1,)e 因为1()xf x e x'=-， 所以(1)1k f e '==-，所以在点(1,(1))f 处的切线方程为()()11y e e x -=--， 即()110e x y --+=， 故答案为：()110e x y --+= 15．12或13【分析】利用两角和的正切公式，展开即可求解. 【详解】tan 1tan 6tan 6tan 41tan πααααα+⎛⎫+=⇒= ⎪-⎝⎭即26tan 5tan 10αα-+=，解得1tan 2α=或13. 故答案为：12或1316．-【分析】设()2112,,,14x A x B x ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭，可由6FB FA =得到关于12,x x 的方程组，求解后可求直线的斜率.【详解】设()2112,,,14x A x B x ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭，因为0k <，||6||FB FA =可得6FB FA =，而()2121,2,,14x FB x FA x ⎛⎫=-=- ⎪⎝⎭，所以21211626140x x x x =⎧⎪⎛⎫⎪-=-⎨ ⎪⎝⎭⎪⎪>⎩，解得12x x ⎧=⎪⎨⎪=⎩，故()1B -，故斜率k ==故答案为：12-. 【点睛】方法点睛：直线与圆锥曲线位置关系中的计算问题，可以通过设出直线方程，结合韦达定理来展开计算，也可以设出交点的坐标，把问题归结与坐标有关的方程组的解的问题，在实际问题中注意根据问题的特征选择合适的方法. 17．（1）23n na =+；（2）61n n +【分析】（1）利用等差数列的前n 项和公式以及通项公式即可求解. （2）利用裂项求和法即可求解. 【详解】（1）数列{}n a 是等差数列，且3158,6S a a =+=，则1113238246a d a a d ⨯⎧+=⎪⎨⎪++=⎩，解得17313a d ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩， 所以()1123n na a n d =+-=+， 所以数列{}n a 的通项公式为23n na =+，（2）()()211171323666n n n n n n n nS na d --=+=+=+， 所以()211611621166n n b n n S n n n n n ⎛⎫====- ⎪-++⎝⎭+，1111166122311n n T n n n ⎛⎫∴=-+-++-=⎪++⎝⎭. 【点睛】 结论点睛：裂项相消法求数列和的常见类型： （1）等差型111111n n n n a a d a a ++⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭，其中{}na 是公差为()0d d ≠的等差数列； （2=（3）指数型()11nn n a a a a +-=-；（4）对数型11log log log n aa n a n na a a a ++=-. 18．（1）没有95%的把握认为人的情绪低落与下雨天有关；（1）分布列见详解；()1E X =. 【分析】（1）计算观测值，根据附表即可求解.（2）根据分层抽样比求出“心情愉悦”和“情绪低落”的人数，进一步得出随机变量0,1,2X =，根据二项分布求出概率，写出分布列，进而求出数学期望.【详解】（1）由列联表可得()2212040302030 3.429 3.84160605070K ⨯-⨯=≈<⨯⨯⨯，所以没有95%的把握认为人的情绪低落与下雨天有关. （2）分层抽样的方式：下雨天“心情愉悦”的为306360⨯=（人）， “情绪低落”的为306360⨯=（人）， 从这6人中随机抽取2人，记这2人中“情绪低落”的人数为X ，0,1,2X =，()203326105C C P x C ===， ()113326315C C P x C ===，()023326125C C P x C ===， X 的分布列：()0121555E X =⨯+⨯+⨯=19．（1）证明见解析；（2）17【分析】（1）证出CD AB ⊥，1AA CD ⊥，再利用线面垂直的判定定理即可证出.（2）以D 为坐标原点，DA 为x 轴， 过点D 与1AA 为y 轴，DC 为z 轴建立空间直线坐标系，求出平面CDE 的一个法向量以及平面11BB C C 的一个法向量，利用空间向量的数量积即可求解. 【详解】 （1）AC BC =，D 为AB 的中点，CD AB ∴⊥，在直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中，1A A 平面ABC ，1AA CD ∴⊥,又1AA B A A ⋂=，CD 平面11ABB A .（2）以D 为坐标原点，DA 为x 轴， 过点D 与1AA 为y 轴，DC 为z 轴建立空间直线坐标系，14,AB AA AC BC ==== 如图：则()0,0,0D ，()0,0,2C ，()1,4,1E -，()2,0,0B -，()12,4,0B -，()0,0,2DC =，()1,4,1DE =-， ()10,4,0BB =，()2,0,2BC =，设平面CDE 的法向量为()111,,m x y z =，则00m DC m DE ⎧⋅=⎨⋅=⎩，即11112040z x y z =⎧⎨-++=⎩，10z =，令11y =，14x =，所以()4,1,0m =，设平面11BB C C 的法向量为()222,,n x y z =，100n BB n BC ⎧⋅=⎨⋅=⎩，即22240220y x z =⎧⎨+=⎩， 20y =，令21x =，则21z =-，所以()1,0,1n =-，cos,1717m n m n m n⋅===，所以平面CDE 与平面11BB C C17=. 【点睛】 思路点睛：解决二面角相关问题通常用向量法，具体步骤为：（1）建坐标系，建立坐标系的原则是尽可能的使得已知点在坐标轴上或在坐标平面内； （2）根据题意写出点的坐标以及向量的坐标，注意坐标不能出错. （3）利用数量积验证垂直或求平面的法向量. （4）利用法向量求距离、线面角或二面角.20．（1）2214x y +=；（2）2 【分析】（1）由题意得2a c c a⎧+=+⎪⎨=⎪⎩，即可解得a ，c ，写出方程； （2）延长1MF 交E 于点M '，由（1）可知1(F，2F ，设()11,M x y ，()22,M x y '，设1MF的方程为x my =-()22410m y +--=，列出2121212MF M SF F y y '=-，利用韦达定理和基本不等式可以求出答案. 【详解】（1）依题意可知2a c c a⎧+=⎪⎨=⎪⎩，解得2,a c ==则2221b a c =-=，故E 的方程为2214x y += ；（2）延长1MF 交E 于点M '，由（1）可知1(F，2F ，设()11,M x y ，()22,M x y '， 设1MF的方程为x my =由2214x my x y ⎧=⎪⎨+=⎪⎩，得()22410m y +--= ，故1224y y m +=+，12214y y m =-+ ， 设 1F M 与2F N 的距离为d ，则四边形12F F NM 的面积为S ，()1212S F M F N d =+()1112F M F M d =+12MM d ='2MF M S '=，所以2121212MF M S F F y y '=-===43223=，=m =时，等号成立，四边形12F F NM 面积的最大值为2. 【点睛】本题考查椭圆方程的求法，考查椭圆中四边形面积最值的求法，属于基础题. 21．（1）()f x 在(,ln 2)-∞上单调递减，在(ln 2,)+∞上单调递增；（2）[1,0]-【分析】（1）求导得()2(e 1)(e 2)x x f x '=+-，分别令()0f x '<和()0f x '>，进而可求出函数的单调区间；（2）令()()e (41)x g x a f x a x =⋅-++，可知(0,)x ∈+∞时，()0<g x 恒成立，进而分102a <<、12a ≥和0a ≤三种情况，分别讨论函数()g x 的单调性，进而可求出a 的取值范围.【详解】（1）()f x 的定义域为R ，2()2e 2e 42(e 1)(e 2)x x x x f x '=--=+-，显然2(e 1)0x +>，令()0f x '=，则e 20x -=，解得ln 2x =，当(,ln 2)x ∈-∞时，()0f x '<，即函数()f x 在(,ln 2)-∞上单调递减，当x (ln 2,)∈+∞时，()0f x '>，即函数()f x 在(ln 2,)+∞上单调递增.（2）令2()()e (41)e (21)e x x x g x a f x a x a a x =⋅-++=⋅-++，则当(0,)x ∈+∞时，()0<g x 恒成立，求导得2()2e(21)e 1(2e 1)(e 1)x x x x g x a a a =⋅-++⋅'=--，且e 10x ->， ①当102a <<时，令()(2e 1)(e 1)0x x g x a =⋅--='，即ln 2x a =-， 则(ln 2,)x a ∈-+∞时，()0g x '>恒成立，∴()g x 在(ln 2,)a -+∞上是增函数，且()((ln 2),)g x g a ∈-+∞，∴不符合题意； ②当12a ≥时，2e 10x a ⋅->，则(0,)x ∈+∞时，()0g x '>恒成立， ∴()g x 在(0,)+∞上是增函数，且()((0),)g x g ∈+∞，∴不符合题意；③当0a ≤时，2e 10x a ⋅-<，则(0,)x ∈+∞时，恒有()0g x '<，即()g x 在(0,)+∞上是减函数，所以(0,)x ∈+∞时，()()()021g x g a a <=-+，所以(21)0a a -+≤，解得1a ≥-，故10a -≤≤.综上，a 的取值范围是[10]-，. 【点睛】本题考查函数的单调性，考查不等式恒成立问题，考查分类讨论思想在解题中的运用，属于难题.22．(1)l 的普通方程为xsin αycos αcos α0-+=，曲线C的直角坐标方程为2y =；(2)8.【解析】试题分析：（1）消去参数θ可得l 的普通方程为xsin αycos αcos α0-+=，极坐标方程化为直角坐标方程可得曲线C的直角坐标方程为2y =；（2）易得点P 在l上，所以tan α=，5πα6=，所以l的参数方程为112x y t ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=+⎪⎩， 联立直线的参数方程与抛物线方程可得2t 16t 40++=.结合参数的几何意义可知PM 8=. 试题解析：（1）由直线l 的参数方程消去t ，得l 的普通方程为xsin αycos αcos α0-+=，由2ρsin θθ0-=得22ρsin θcos θ0-=，所以曲线C的直角坐标方程为2y =；（2）易得点P 在l上，所以PQ tan αk ===，所以5πα6=， 所以l的参数方程为2112x t y t ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=+⎪⎩，代入2y =中，得2t 16t 40++=.设A ，B ，M 所对应的参数分别为1t ，2t ，0t . 则120t t t 82+==-，所以0PM t 8==. 23．（1）3（2）8a =【分析】（1）先将函数()f x 写出分段函数的形式，再根据每一段的单调性，确定函数()f x 的单调性，即可得出结果；（2）先将函数()g x 写出分段函数的形式，根据函数()g x 单调性，分别由20x a --<和40x a -<，求出不等式()0f x x a +-<的解集，在由题中条件即可得出结果.【详解】解：（1）()3,22214,213,1x x f x x x x x x x -≤-⎧⎪=++-=-+-<≤⎨⎪>⎩,则()f x 在(),1-∞上单调递减，在()1,+∞上单调递增,所以()()min 13f x f ==.（2）因为()()2,24,214,1x a x g x f x x a a x x a x --≤-⎧⎪=+-=--<≤⎨⎪->⎩，令20x a --<，则2a x >-；令40x a -<，则4a x <. 所以不等式()0f x x a +-<的解集为,24a a ⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭， 又不等式()0f x x a +-<的解集为(),m n ，且6n m -=， 所以642a a ⎛⎫--= ⎪⎝⎭， 故8a =.【点睛】本题主要考查含绝对值不等式，熟记不等式的解法即可，属于常考题型.。
广东省东莞市文德中学高三语文上学期期末试题含解析
广东省东莞市文德中学高三语文上学期期末试题含解析一、现代文阅读（35分，共3题）1. （2011·江西卷）阅读下面的文字，完成16~19题。
晚秋［亚美尼亚］埃·格林瓦萨卡在一所大学对面的网球场旁停下了脚步。
秋季里的这一天阳光明媚，风和日丽，但这却让他的心情更加烦闷。
温暖晴和的晚秋好像在故意戏弄他，嘲笑他，鄙视他……一阵已有几分凉意的秋风吹了过来，几片金黄的叶子在空中划着美丽的弧线轻盈地飘落到了地上。
两个身材姣好的姑娘从瓦萨卡的身边走了过去，飘过一阵沁人的香水的芳香。
这样的姑娘瓦萨卡连想都不敢想，即使在年轻的时候，他也没敢奢望过，她们对他来说来自另一个世界。
他和孤儿院长大的玛妮克结了婚。
但那个曾经安安静静、勤快能干的玛妮克现在却好像换了个人，每天唠唠叨叨，不停地数落他，甚至连在床上也是一肚子怨气，所以他越来越不愿碰她的身体了。
想到这儿，瓦萨卡感到了一阵良心的责备，仿佛侮辱了自己的妻子。
毕竟他们一起忍受了失去第一个孩子的伤痛，后来又生育了一个女儿。
最近玛妮克不幸伤了胳膊，肿得很厉害，大概是骨折了，他需要尽快筹到钱给玛妮克拍X光片和治疗……瓦萨卡的心底一阵绝望。
现在他就是在到处找工作，对他来说，时间非常紧迫，每一分钟都很重要！以前不管怎么说他还能干粗活，当搬运工，可现在却得了疝气，粗活干不了了，可要治好疝气也得一大笔钱哪！又是一阵略带凉意的微风吹了过来，一种像翠菊似的黄色小花随风摇动着小小的脑袋。
瓦萨卡想起了自己的童年。
那时他们家住在市中心，后来他们的房子被拆掉了，只得到了一点点少得可怜的补偿金。
他和父母颠沛流离，几经辗转，最后才在邻近市郊的一个地方落下了脚，生活也随之落到了贫困线之下。
瓦萨卡低声骂了一句，两腿突然不听使唤地朝学校方向走了过去。
是啊，他以前真的很喜欢学习，他可不像那个留级生梅鲁日。
梅鲁日当年和他同桌，可现在这个梅鲁日已经是大富翁了……一个穿着绿风衣的女人轻轻地碰了一下瓦萨卡，侧着身子从沿着人行道停着的两辆汽车间穿了过去，急着过马路。
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文德中学2012-2013学年度第一学期高三年级半期考试化学试卷命题人 吴启明 审题人 吴启明H -1 C- 12 N -14 O- 16 Na- 23 S-32 Cl -35.5 K-39一、选择题（每小题只有1个答案，每小题3分，共54分）．下列液体中，不会出现丁达尔效应的分散系是①鸡蛋白溶液 ②水 ③淀粉溶液 ④硫酸钠溶液⑤雾 ⑥肥皂水 A ．②④B ．③④C ．②④⑥D ．④ ．下列物质与常用危险化学品的类别不对应的是A ．H 2SO 4、NaOH ——腐蚀品B ．CH 4、C 2H 4——易燃液体 C ．CaC 2、Na ——遇湿易燃物品D ．KMnO 4、K 2Cr 2O 7——氧化剂 ． N A 代表阿伏加德罗常数。
下列有关叙述正确的是A ．标准状况下，2.24 L 戊烷所含分子数为0.1N AB ．4.5 g SiO 2晶体中含有的硅氧键数目为0.3×6.02×1023C ．1 mol Na 2O 2固体中含离子总数为4N AD ．3.43gN H 中含N —H 键数目为A 0.2N．下表中各组物质之间通过一步反应不可能实现如图所示转化关系的是]．能正确表示下列反应的离子方程式是 A ．高锰酸钾溶液与浓盐酸混合：2MnO 4—+2Cl —+16H +＝2Mn 2++Cl 2↑+8H 2OB ．向次氯酸钙溶液通入SO 2：Ca 2++2ClO －+H 2O+SO 2＝CaSO 3↓+2HClO C ．氢氧化钡溶液与硫酸溶液反应：Ba 2++SO 42—＝BaSO 4↓D ．向浓热氢氧化钠溶液中通入Cl 2：4Cl 2+8OH —＝7Cl —+ClO 4—+4H 2O ．下列离子反应方程式正确的是A ．亚硫酸钠跟盐酸反应：SO 32- + 2H +=H 2O+SO 2↑B ．氯气跟水反应：Cl 2+H 2O=2H ++Cl -+ClO -C ．钠跟水反应：Na+2H 2O=Na ++2OH -+H 2↑D ．硫酸铜溶液跟氢氧化钡溶液反应：Ba 2++SO 42-=BaSO 4↓ 7. 下列离子反应方程式正确的是A ．向100Ml0.1mol/L 的FeSO 4溶液中，加入0.01molNa 202固体： 4Fe 2++ 4 Na 202 + 6H 2O == 8Na ++ 4Fe （OH ）3↓ + O 2↑ B. 向明矾溶液中加入氢氧化钡溶液至SO 42-恰好沉淀完全： 2Al 3+ + 3SO 42- +3Ba 2+ + 6H 2O == 2Al （OH ）3↓ + 3BaSO 4↓C. 向苯酚钠溶液中通人少量CO 2：CO 2 + H 2O +2C 6H 5O - ==2C 6H 5OH + CO 32-D. 向20mL0.5mol/LFeBr 2溶液中通人448mLCl 2（标况下）： 2Fe 2+ + 2Br - + 2 Cl 2 == 2Fe 3+ + 4Cl - + Br 28. 在xR 2+ + yH + + O 2 = mR 3++ nH 2O 的离子反应中，系数m 的值 A ．2x B ．4 C ．y/2 D ．29．在强酸和强碱性溶液中，下列离子组均可能大量共存的离子组是A ．Na +、K +、SO 42-、Cl -B ．Cl -、CO 32-、Na +、NH 4+C ．NO 3-、SO 42-、K +、Fe 2+D ．HCO 3-、Cl -、K +、Na +10．某无色水溶液中可能大量共存的离子组是A ．K +、HCO 3-、CO 32-、Br -B ．Ba 2+、HSO 3-、OH -、K +C ．Fe 3+、Cu 2+、NO 3-、SO 32-D ．H +、Na +、NO 3-、I -11．某人欲配制下列不同阴阳离子的四种溶液，其中能配成的是A ．Na ＋、OH -、K ＋、HPO ４2-B ．Ca 2+、K ＋、NO ３-、Cl -C ．Fe 3+、Cl -、H ＋、I -D ．Ca ２＋、Na ＋、CO ３2-、Cl -12．某饱和溶液中含有三种阳离子：Ag +、Ba 2+、Al 3+，同时测知此溶液中pH=3，则该溶液中所含有的阴离子可以是下列中的A ．CO 32-B ．SO 42-C ．NO 3-D ．S2-13．有一瓶无色溶液，可能含有Na ＋、K ＋、Al 3＋、Mg 2＋、NH ＋4、Cl －、SO 2－4、HCO －3、MnO －4中的几种。
为确定其成分，进行如下实验：①取少许溶液，逐渐加入过量的Na 2O 2固体，产生无色无味的气体和白色沉淀，且白色沉淀逐渐增多后又部分溶解；②另取部分溶液，加入HNO 3酸化的Ba(NO 3)2溶液，有白色沉淀产生；③用洁净的铂丝蘸取原溶液在酒精灯火焰上灼烧，观察到黄色火焰。
下列推断正确的是A.肯定有Na ＋、Al 3＋、Mg 2＋、SO 2－4 B ．肯定有Na ＋、Mg 2＋、Al 3＋、Cl －C ．肯定没有K ＋、HCO －3、MnO －4D ．肯定没有K ＋、NH ＋4、Cl －X Y Z 箭头上所标数字 的反应条件 CaO Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 ①常温遇水 AlCl3NaAlO2Al(OH)3②通入CO2 Na2CO3 NaOH NaHCO3 ④过量Ca(OH)2溶液Cl2Ca(ClO)2 HClO③加浓盐酸下列表示对应化学反应的离子方程式正确的是用KIO3氧化酸性溶液中的KI：5I－＋IO3－＋3H2O=3I2＋6OH－向NH4HCO3溶液中加过量NaOH溶液并加热：NH4＋＋6OH －NH3↑＋H2O将过量二氧化硫气体入冷氨水中：SO2＋NH3·H2O=HSO3－＋NH4＋用稀硝酸洗涤试管内壁的银镜：Ag＋2H＋＋3NO3－=Ag＋＋NO↑＋H2O将0.195g锌粉加入到200mL的0.100 mol·L-1MO2+溶液中恰好完全反应，还原产物可能是A. M B. M2+C．M3+ D. MO2+化学方程式可简明地体现元素及其化合物的性质。
已知：2FeCl3 + 2HI = 2FeCl2 + I2 + 2HCl；2Co(OH)3 + 6HCl = 2CoCl2 + Cl2↑ + 6H2O 2Fe(OH)2 + I2 + 2KOH= 2Fe(OH)3 + 2KI；3I2 + 6KOH= 5KI + KIO3 + 3H2O 2HSCN + K2CO3 = 2KSCN + CO2 ↑ + H2O；KCN + CO2 + H2O = HCN + KHCO34NaClO 3NaCl + NaClO4；NaClO4NaCl + 2O2↑下列说法不正确．．．是：．氧化性（酸性溶液）：FeCl3 > Co(OH)3> I2B．还原性（碱性溶液）：Fe(OH)2 > I2 > KIO3．热稳定性：NaCl > NaClO4 > NaClO D．酸性（水溶液）：HSCN > H2CO3 > HCN向27.2Cu和Cu2O的混合物中加入某浓度的稀硝酸0.5L，固体物质完全反应，生成NO 和Cu NO3）2。
在所得溶液中加入1.0mol/L 的NaOH溶液1.0L，此时溶液呈中性，金属离子已完全39.2g。
下列有关说法不正确的是A，Cu与Cu2O 的物质的量之比为2:1 B.产生的NO在标准状况下的体积为4.48L B，硝酸的物质的量浓度为2.6mol/L D.Cu、Cu2O与硝酸反应后剩余HNO3为0.2mol ．已知I－、Fe2＋、SO2、Cl－、H2O2均有还原性，它们在酸性溶液中还原性的强弱顺序为Cl－<Fe2＋<H2O2<I－<SO2。
则下列反应不能发生的是A. 2Fe3＋＋SO2＋2H2O===2Fe2＋＋SO2－4＋4H＋B．I2＋SO2＋2H2O===H2SO4＋2HIC．H2O2＋2H＋＋SO2－4===SO2↑＋O2↑＋2H2O D．2Fe3＋＋2I－===2Fe2＋＋I2 (46分)分) 铁的卤化物、氧化物以及高价铁的含氧酸盐均为重要化合物。
(1)要确定铁的某氯化物FeClx的化学式，可利用离子交换和滴定地方法。
实验中称取0.54g的FeClx样品，溶解后先进行阳离子交换预处理，再通过含有饱和OH-的阴离子交换柱，使Cl-和OH-发生交换。
交换完成后，流出溶液的OH-用0.40 mol·L-1的盐酸滴定，滴至终点时消耗盐酸25.0mL。
计算该样品中氯的物质的量，并求出FeClx中x的值：（列出计算过程）(2)现有一含有FeCl2和FeCl3的混合物样品，采用上述方法测得n(Fe)∶n(Cl) = 1∶2.1，则该样品中FeCl3的物质的量分数为。
在实验室中，FeCl2可用铁粉和反应制备，FeCl3可用铁粉和反应制备；(3)FeCl3与氢碘酸反应时可生成棕色物质，该反应的离子方程式为。
(4)高铁酸钾(K2FeO4)是一种强氧化剂，可作为水处理剂和高容量电池材料。
FeCl3和KClO在强碱性条件下反应可制取K2FeO4，其反应的离子方程式为。
20. (8分) H2O2不稳定，易分解，在催化剂作用下分解更快。
(1)实验室用H2O2制O2的化学方程式为：。
(2)已知下列反应在一定条件下可以发生：a．H2O2＋2Fe2＋＋2H＋===2Fe3＋＋2H2O；b．H2O2＋2Fe3＋===2Fe2＋＋O2↑＋2H＋；在以上反应中Fe2＋实际上起着作用，总反应式为。
(3)I2也与Fe2＋一样，可发生上述类似反应，类比(2)在下面填入配平的合适的化学反应方程式：a．H2O2＋I2===2HIO，b. 。
21.（10分）某无色透明溶液中可能大量存在Ag＋，Mg2＋，Cu2＋中的几种离子。
（1）不做任何实验就可以肯定原溶液中不存在的离子是_________。
（2）取少量原溶液加入过量稀盐酸，有白色沉淀生成，再加入过量稀硝酸，白色沉淀不消失，说明原溶液中肯定有的离子是___________，有关的离子反应式为______________。
（3）取（2）的滤液加入过量NaOH溶液，出现白色沉淀，说明原溶液中肯定存在的离子有_______________。
（4）原溶液中可能大量存在的阴离子是下列A－D中的（填序号）_________。
A．Cl－B．NO3－C．CO32－D．OH－22. (16分)钛呈银白色，因它坚硬、强度大、耐热、密度小，被称为高技术金属。
目前生产钛采+6C+2C+2Mg，2总分（2） ； ； 。
（3） ；（4） 。
20.得分（1） 。
（2） ， 。
（3） 。
21.得分（1） 。
（2） ； 。
（3） 。
（4） 。
22.得分（1） 。