2014年考研上海对外经贸大学翻译硕士真题(回忆版)
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题,完整版考研真题
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研招生目录，考研参考书，历年真题笔记贸大英语翻译基础书目推荐1、庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》。
北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002。
2、叶子南，《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》。
北京：清华大学出版社，2001。
3、中国日报（China Daily）：英语点睛：新词新译4、王恩冕，《大学英汉翻译教程》，对外经济贸易大学出版社，第三版，2010。
5、金融时报官方网站：双语时评。
6、网站：/7、外贸、金融、经济学、世贸组织等英语专业术语。
8、张曦，《口语与口译300题》，上海交通大学出版社。
9、金焕荣，《商务英语翻译》，苏州大学出版社。
10、赵军锋，《商务英语口译》，高等教育出版社，2009.11、2015年度国家领导人出席的国际会议：演讲稿中英对照。
12、三笔、二笔相应题材的文章。
百科知识和汉语写作书目推荐1、卢晓江.《自然科学史十二讲》.中国轻工业出版社（2007）（矿大）2、叶朗.《中国文化读本》.北京：外语教学与研究出版社（2008）3、杨月蓉.《实用汉语语法与修辞》.重庆：西南师范大学出版社（1999）（北大）4、金元浦.《中国文化概论》.北京：中国人民大学出版社（2007）5、庄锡昌.《西方文化史》.北京：高等教育出版社（2011）6、林青松.《中国文学与中国文化知识应试指南》.南京：东南大学出版社（2005）7、张元忠.张东风.《经济应用文写作与评析》.武汉：华中科技大学出版社（2008）9、俞纪东.《经济写作》.上海：上海财经大学出版社10、张文.《外贸文秘写作全书》.中华工商联合出版社11、郑孝敏.《商务应用文》.东北财经大学出版社12、柯琳娟.《公司（企业）常用文书写作格式与范本》.企业管理出版社13、邵龙青.《财经应用写作》.东北财经大学出版社14、伟业管理咨询公司编著.《商务文书模板速查手册》.中国言实出版社（贸大）15、李玉珊.《商务文案写作》.高等教育出版社16、岳海翔.《商务文书写作要领与范文》.中国言实出版社17、岳海翔.《企划文书写作要领与范文》.中国言实出版社18、程裕祯.《中国文化要略》.外语教学与研究出版社19、朱维之，《外国文学史》（欧美卷），南开大学出版社。
[考研类试卷]2014年对外经济贸易大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2014年对外经济贸易大学英语翻译基础真题试卷英译汉1 Anti-Dumping Duty Order2 counter trade3 holding company4 working capital5 contingency fund6 par value7 law of diminishing marginal utility8 treasury bills9 zero sum game10 niche market11 MOOC12 TPP13 CAFTA14 CFR15 GSP16 ICC17 ITC18 SBA19 UNCTAD20 USAID汉译英21 即期汇票22 资本流动性23 抵押贷款24 指令经济25 机会成本26 远期汇率27 最低限价28 金融租赁公司29 微信30 雾霾英译汉31 Global financial stability has improved over the past six months, bolstered by better macroeconomic performance and continued accommodative macroeconomic policies, but fragilities remain. The two-speed recovery ?modest in advanced economies and robust in emerging market economies has posed different policy challenges for countries. In advanced economies hit hardest by the crisis, governments and households remain heavily indebted, to varying degrees, and the health of financial institutions has not recovered in tandem with the overall economy. Emerging market economies are facing new challenges associated with strong domestic demand, rapid credit growth, relatively accommodative macroeconomic policies, and large capital inflows. Geopolitical riskscould also threaten the economic and financial outlook, with oil prices increasing sharply amid fears of supply disruptions in the Middle East and North Africa.The main task facing policymakers in advanced economies is to shift the balance of policies away from reliance on macroeconomic and liquidity support to more structural policies ?less "leaning" and more " cleaning" of the financial system. This will entail reducing leverage and restoring market discipline , while avoiding financial or economic disruption during the transition. Thus, ongoing policy efforts to withdraw(implicit)public guarantees and ensure bondholder liability for future losses must build on more rapid progress toward stronger bank balance sheets, ensuring medium-term fiscal sustainability and addressing excessive debt burdens in the private sector.For policymakers in emerging market economies, the task is to limit overheating and a buildup of vulnerabilities ?to avoid " cleaning" later. Emerging market economies have continued to benefit from strong growth relative to that in advanced economies, accompanied by increasing portfolio capital inflows. This is putting pressure on some financial markets, contributing to higher leverage, potential asset price bubbles, and inflationary pressures. Policymakers will have to pay increasing attention to containing the buildup of macro-financial risks to avoid future problems that could inhibit their growth and damage financial stability.汉译英32 中意两国都是拥有悠久历史和灿烂文化的文明古国。
2014年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试
2014年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 3. 名词解释 5. 应用文写作8. 命题作文单项选择题1．《论语》中的“诗可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨”，是我国最早的文学批评，对诗经价值的认识和诗歌创作的指导都具有重要意义。
A．《学而》B．《为政》C．《阳货》D．《雍也》正确答案：C解析：(孔子的)“兴观群怨”说：这是孔子在《论语．阳货》篇里提出来的关于文学作品的社会作用的说法。
《阳货》篇记载说：“子曰：小子何莫学夫《诗》？《诗》可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。
迩之事父，远之事君，多识于鸟兽草木之名。
”兴，指诗歌具体安排的艺术形象，可以激发人的精神之兴奋，可以使人从诗歌鉴赏中获得一种美的享受；观，是指诗歌真实地反映社会政治和道德风尚状况，因而能让人从中观察出政治的得失和风俗的盛衰；群，则是认为诗歌可以有使人互相交流情感、加强团结的作用；怨，是指文学作品有干预现实、批评社会的作用。
孔子的“兴观群怨”说，对后来的现实主义文学批评理论和现实主义文学创作产生了非常重要的影响，但是也不可以说是现实主义理论的滥觞。
2．唐代诗人崔颢诗歌《黄鹤楼》中，“黄鹤一去不复返”的下一句是________。
A．莫使金樽空对月B．古来万事东流水C．白云千载空悠悠D．除却巫山不是云正确答案：C解析：《黄鹤楼》是唐代诗人崔颢创作的一首七言律诗，被选人《唐诗三百首》。
此诗描写了在黄鹤楼上远眺的美好景色，是一首吊古怀乡之佳作。
前四句写登临怀古，后四句写站在黄鹤楼上的所见所思。
黄鹤楼昔人已乘黄鹤去，此地空余黄鹤楼。
黄鹤一去不复返，白云千载空悠悠。
晴川历历汉阳树，芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。
日暮乡关何处是？烟波江上使人愁。
崔颢，唐代诗人。
汴州(今河南省开封市)人。
其早期诗作多写闺情，流于浮艳轻薄。
后历边塞，诗风大振，忽变常体，风骨凛然，尤其是边塞诗慷慨豪迈，雄浑奔放。
明人辑有《崔颢集》，《全唐诗》存其诗四十二首。
2014年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士真题
2014年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士真题各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上研究生，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。
（一）翻译基础。
单选几乎全是贸易类，三篇阅读是FT中文网速度测试原文章原题，以下是链接：/interactive/1463 （MOOC那一篇）/interactive/1418 （第一篇）/interactive/1283（第四篇貌似。
）（二）.翻译英语。
30个词汇（我抄到准考证上了）一、1.Anti-Dumping Duty Order2.counter trade3.holding company4.working capital5.contingency fund6.par valuew of diminishing marginal utility8.treasury bills9.zero sum game10.niche market二、1.即期汇票2.资本流动性3.抵押贷款4.指令经济5.机会成本6.远期汇率7.最低限价8.金融租赁公司9.微信（PS：你相信吗？瞪大你的眼睛，没错！就是微信，贸大还考这种新词！！WeChat啊！！玩微信的谁不知道？？？）10.雾霾三.缩略语1.MOOC（这个词很奇葩，在前一天考的基础英语中阅读里有出现这个缩略语！！）2.TPP3.CAFTA4.CFR5.GSP6.ICC7.ITC8.SBA9.UNCTADAID我想说今年的词汇出了好多往年的原题（一2,3,9；二3；三4579 都是原题！！）所以亲们，往年真题必看必背啊！！英译汉是关于全球金融经济稳定性发达国家以及新兴市场经济的，篇幅不算长，个人感觉比去年的题简单，汉译英是讲意大利人对中国的感觉及看法（涉及旅游），既不是官话也不是散文，介于两者之间。
（三）汉语百科知识与写作这门最坑爹！变动最大！13年百科知识几乎都是林青松那本书上的，今年出的全是高中历史地理文化题，这个规律不好把握，应用文写作是贷款申请书，百度一下就知道格式规范了，最后的大作文竟然是命题作文！！！命题作文....题作文.....作文.....尼玛劳资完全没看好吗？？！！光看经济应用文了。
2014年贸大英语翻译基础考研真题,考研参考书,考研招生信息,答案解析
1/19【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。
更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。
2/19【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2对外经济贸易大学（原题）33/19【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：44/19【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：55/19【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：66/19【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：77/19【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：88/19【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：99/19【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：1010/19【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：1111/19【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：1212/19【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：1313/19【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：14/19【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：14政治【学科概述】不用因为政治纷繁复杂的知识点而担心政治会不过线，只要肯下功夫，60分是很容易达到的。
但对于想考名校的朋友，如果期望考到75分左右的高分，你们就需要仔细做选择题，认真地理解重点了。
政治在2010年，大纲作了大幅修订，有了如今大纲的基本结构。
总体上来说，考研政治降低了专业难度，给没怎么学习过政治专业知识的同学越来越多的机会。
政治总分100分，50分客观选择，50分主观简答。
先说主观题，一共5道大题，分别对应政治的五个部分，考点很难预料，但是实际能得到分数不少。
2014年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题
育明教育孙老师整理，来育明教于赠送资料，更多真题可咨询孙老师。
对外经济贸易大学2014年MTI考研真题I.Phrase Translation1.Anti-Dumping Duty Order反倾销税令2.counter trade对销贸易3.holding company控股公司4.working capital营运资本，流动资金5.contingency fund应急费用6.par value票面价值w of diminishing marginal utility边际效用递减/规律8.treasury bills(美国或英国的)短期国库券9.zero sum game零和博弈，又称零和游戏10.niche market利基市场11.即期汇票sight draft，demand draft12.资本流动性mobility of capital13.抵押贷款Mortgage Loan14.指令经济Command economy15.机会成本opportunity cost16.远期汇率forward rate17.最低限价floor price18.金融租赁公司Financial leasing company19.微信WeChat20.雾霾haze21.MOOC网络公开课(Massive Open Online Courses)22.TPP跨太平洋战略经济伙伴协议(Trans-Pacific Partnership)23.CAFTA东盟自由贸易区(China-ASEAN Free Trade Area)24.CFR成本加运费（Cost and Freight）25.GSP普及特惠税制度(Generalized System Of Preferences)26.ICC国际商会（International Chamber of Commerce）27.ITC国际贸易委员会(International Trade Commission)28.SBA小企业管理局(Small Business Administration)29.UNCTAD联合国贸易和发展会议(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)AID美国国际开发署(United States Agency for International Development)ⅡPassage Translatron(120points)Section One:Translate the following English passage into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(60points).Global financial stability has improved over the past six months, bolstered by better macroeconomic performance and continued accommodative macroeconomic policies,but fragilities remain.Thetwo-speed recovery-modest in advanced economies and robust in emerging market economies-has posed different policy challenges for countries. In advanced economies hit hardest by the crisis,governments and households remain heavily indebted,to varying degrees,and the health of financial institutions has not recovered in tandem with the overall economy.Emerging market economies are facing new challenges associated with strong domestic demand,rapid credit growth,relatively accommodative macroeconomic policies,and large capital infl.ows. Geopolitical risks could also threaten the economic and financial outlook,with oil prices increasing sharply amid fears of supply disruptions in the Middle East and North Africa.The main task facing policymakers in advanced economies is to shift the balance of policies away from reliance on macroeconomic ar,d liquidity support to more structural policies-less“leaning”and more “cleaning of the financial system.This vnll entail reducing leverage and restoring market discipline,while avoiding financial or economic disruption during the transition.Thus,ongoing policy efforts to withdraw(implicit)public guarantees and ensure bondholder liability for future losses must build on more rapid progress toward stronger bank balance sheets,ensuring medium-term fiscal sustainability and addressing excessive debt burdens in the private sector.For policymakers in emerging market economies,the task is to limit overheating and a buildup of vulnerabilities-to avoid“cleaning”later.Emerging market economies have continued to benefit from strong growth relative to that in advanced economies,accompanied by increasing portfolio capital inflows.This is putting pressure on some financial markets,contributing to higher leverage,potential asset price bubbles,and inflationary pressures.Policymakers will have to pay increasing attention to containing the buildup of macro-financial risks to avoid future problems that could inhibit their growth and damage financial stability.In a number of cases,this will entail a tighter macroeconomic policy stance,and,when needed,the use of macro-prudential tools to ensure financial stability.Increasing the financial sector’s capacity to absorb higher flows through efforts to broaden and deepen local capital markets will also help.Section Two:Translate the following Chinese passage into English.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(60 points).中意两国都是拥有悠久历史和灿烂文化的文明古国。
对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案解析
育明教育孙老师整理，来育明教育赠送资料，更多真题可咨询孙老师。
对外经济贸易大学2011年翻译硕士(MTI)真题翻译硕士英语Part1:Vocabulary and Grammar.（30P）01.The Space Age____in October1957when the first artificialsatellite was launched by the Soviet Union.A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedmenced02.John said that he didn’t quite____and asked me to repeat whatI had said.A.snatch upB.summon upC.catch onD.watch out03.When he tried to make a____,he found that the hotel that he wantedwas completely filled because of a convention.plaintB.claimC.reservationD.decision04.A budget of five dollars a day is totally____for a trip roundEurope.A.inadequateB.incapableC.incompatibleD.invalid05.In our highly technological society,the number of jobs for unskilledworkers is____.A.shrinkingB.obscuringC.alteringD.constraining06.The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be___by thisdevice.A.ignitedB.lightedC.firedD.inspired07.I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time____the last bus.A.to have caughtB.to catchC.catchingD.havingcaught08.Frankly speaking,your article is very good except for some____mistakes in grammar.A.obscureB.glaringC.trivialD.rare09.As it turned out to be a small house party,we____so formally.A.needn’t dress upB.did not need have dressed upC.did not need dress upD.needn’t have dressed up10.Certain species disappeared or became____as new forms arose that were better adapted to the Earth’s changing environment.A.feebleB.extinctC.massiveD.extinguished11.I apologize if I____you,but I assure you it was unintentional.A.offendB.had offendedC.should have offendedD. might have offended12.Franklin D.Roosevelt argued that the depression stemmed from the American economy’s____flaws.A.underliningB.vulnerableC.vulgarD. underlying13.Although a teenager,Fred could resist____what to do and what not to do.A.to be toldB.having been toldC.being toldD.to have been told14.I am afraid that you have to alter your____views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.A.indifferentB.distressingC.optimisticD. pessimistic15.Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage____avoided.A.is to beB.can beC.will beD.has been16.Stop shouting!I can’t hear the football____.A.judgmentB.interpretationmentaryD. explanation17.Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores,and this is especially true____it comes to classroom tests.A.beforeB.asC.sinceD.when18.Every member of society has to make a____to struggle for the freedom of the country.A.pledgeB.warrantyC.resolveD.guarantee19.David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much____to those who compete well.A.prestigeB.regimeC.superiorityD.legislation20.The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens,set to____when itarrived in New York.A.go offB.get offe offD.carry off21.The younger person’s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only____familiarity with technology.A.in quest ofB.by means ofC.in terms ofD.by virtue of22.By signing the lease we made a___to pay a rent of$150a week.A.conceptionmissionmitmentD. confinementPart2:Identify Stylistic Problems.（18P）01.By the time Julia Roberts was23,she had won two academy award nominations,she had also become the world’s most popular female actress.A.run onma spliceC.correctD.fragment02.Since then,Roberts has appeared in fourteen films.Most recently,“My Best Friend’s Wedding”and“The Conspiracy Theory.”A.fragmentB.choppyC.correctma splice03.She didn’t plan to become an actress.She wanted to be six feet tall.She wanted to be a veterinarian.She wanted to be happy and make others happy.A.fragmentma spliceC.choppyD.correct04.Although Julia Roberts has had much professional success.In spite of her trouble with several failed relationships.A.fragmentB.choppyma spliceD.correct05.Julia Roberts lives in Manhattan,not far from the apartment she once shared with her sister in Greenwich Village.A.fragmentma spliceC.correctD.run on06.She came to New York when she was seventeen.Because her older sister lived there and she was influenced by her sister.A.fragmentB.run onC.choppyma splice07.Roberts was raised in Georgia.Her parents ran a theater school there. Her sister and brother are also actors.The family was always short of money.A.fragmentB.choppyC.correctD.run on08.When Julia was four years old,her parents divorced.After eighteen years of marriage.A.fragmentB.run onC.choppyD.correctPart3:Reading Comprehension（30P）Passage AMany United States companies have,unfortunately,made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work.Since 1980the United States International Trade Commission（ITC）has received about280complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies by foreign governments.Another340charge that foreign companies“dumped”their products in the United States at“less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are alleged,the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief.Contrary to the general impression,this quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped.As corporations begin to function globally,they develop an intricate web of marketing,production,and research relationships.The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect.Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States.If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States Company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States Company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States,since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most brazen case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt,used to device roads.The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations.The“United States”company claiming injury was a subsidiary of a Dutch conglomerate,while the“Canadian”companies included a subsidiary of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.01.The passage is chiefly concerned with______.A.arguing against the increased internationalization of United States corporationsB.warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequencesC.demonstrating that foreign-based firms receive more subsidies from their governments than United States firms receive from the United States governmentD.advocating the use of trade restrictions for“dumped”products but not for other imports02.It can be inferred from the passage that the minimal basis for a complaint to the International Trade Commission is which of the following?A.A foreign competitor has received a subsidy from a foreign government.B.A foreign competitor has substantially increased the volume of products shipped to the United States.C.A foreign competitor is selling products in the United States at less than fair market value.D.The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the United States.03.The last paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?A.It summarizes the discussion thus far and suggests additional areas of research.B.It presents a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C.It cites a specific ease that illustrates a problem presented more generally in the previous paragraph.D.It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.04.The passage warns of which of the following dangers?panies in the United States may receive no protection from imports unless they actively seek protection from import competition.panies that seek legal protection from import competition may incur legal costs that far exceed any possible gain.panies that are United States owned but operate internationally may not be eligible for protection from import competition under the laws of the countries in which their plants operate.panies that are not United States owned may seek legal protection from import competition under United States import relief laws.05.According to the passage,the International Trade Commission isinvolved in which of the following?A.Investigating allegations of unfair import competitionB.Granting subsidies to eompanies in the United States that have been injured by import competitionC.Recommending legislation to ensure fair tradeD.Identifying international corporations that wish to build plants in the United StatesPassage BSince the late1970s,in the face Of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries,manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivity—and therefore enhance their international competitiveness—through cost-cutting programs.（Cost-cutting here is defined as raising labor output while holding the amount of labor constant.）However,from1978through1982,productivity—the value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor input—did not improve;and while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following,they ran25percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier,post-1945upturns.At the same time,it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement cost-cutting,the more they lost their competitive edge.With this paradox in mind,I recently visited25companies;it became clear to me that the cost-cutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed.Manufacturing regularly observes a“40,40, 20”rule.Roughly4o percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure （decisions about the number,size,location,and capacity of facilities）and in approaches to materials.Another40percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology.The final20percent rests on implementing conventional cost-cutting.This rule does not imply that cost-cutting should not be tried.The well-known tools of this approach—including simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter,not harder—do produce results.But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute.Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative people.As Abernathy’s study of automobile manufacturers has shown,an industry can easily become prisoner of itsown investments in cost-cutting techniques,reducing its ability to develop new products.And managers under pressure to maximizecost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured.Production managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing output.This dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation,but it has created a penny-pinching,mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers.Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so,in part,by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technology.In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach; within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies,successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costs.There is hope for manufacturing,but it clearly rests on a different way of managing.01The author of the passage is primarily concerned with______.A.summarizing a thesisB.recommending a different approachparing points of viewD.making a series of predictions02It can be inferred from the passage that the manufacturers mentioned in paragraph1expected that the measures they implemented would______.A.encourage innovationB.keep labor output constantC.increase their competitive advantageD.permit business upturns to be more easily predicted03.The primary function of the first paragraph of the passage is to ______.A.present a historical context for the author’s observationsB.anticipate challenges to the prescriptions that followC.clarify some disputed definitions of economic termsD.summarize a number of long-accepted explanations04.The author refers to Ahernathy’s study most probably in order to ______.A.qualify an observation about one rule governing manufacturingB.address possible objections to a recommendation about improving manufacturing competitivenessC.support an earlier assertion about method of increasing productivityD.suggest the centrality in the Unit States economy of a particular manufacturing industry05.The author’s attitude toward the culture in most factories is best described as______.A.cautiousB.criticalC.disinterestedD. respectfulPassage CIt can be argued that much consumer dissatisfaction with marketing strategies arises from an inability to aim advertising at only the likely buyers of a given product.There are threegroups of consumers who are affected by the marketing process.First, there is the market segment—people who need the commodity in question. Second,there is the program target—people in the market segment with the“best fit”characteristics for a specific product.Lots of people—may need trousers,but only a few qualify as likely buyers of very expensive designer trousers.Finally,there is the program audience—all people who are actually exposedto the marketing program without regard to whether they need or want the product.These three groups are rarely identical.An exception occurs in cases where customers for a particular industrial product may be few and easily identifiable.Such customers,allsharing a particular need,are likely to form a meaningful target,for example,all companies with a particular application of the product in question,such as high-speed fillers ofbottles at breweries.In such circumstances,direct selling（marketing that reaches only the program target）is likely to be economically justified,and highly specialized trade media existto expose members of the program target—and only members of the program target—to the marketing program.Most consumer-goods markets are significantly different.Typically, there are many rather than few potential customers.Each represents a relatively small percentage of potential sales.Rarely do members of a particular market segment group themselves neatly into a meaningful program target.There are substantial differences among consumers with similar demographic characteristics.Even with all the past decade’s advances in information technology, direct selling of consumer goods is rare,and mass marketing—-a marketing approach that aims at a wide audience-remains the only economically feasible mode.Unfortunately,there are few media that allow the marketer to direct a marketing program exclusively to the program target.Inevitably,people get exposed to a great deal of marketing for products in which they have no interest and so they become annoyed.01.The passage suggests which of the following about highly specialized trade media?A.They should be used only when direct selling is not economically feasible.B.They can be used to exclude from the program audience people who are not part of the program target.C.They are used only for very expensive products.D.They are rarely used in the implementation of marketing programs for industrial products.02.The passage suggests which of the following about direct selling?A.It is used in the marketing of most industrial products.B.It is often used in cases where there is a large program target.C.It is not economically feasible for most marketing programs.D.It is used only for products for which there are many potential customers.03.The author mentions“trousers”in paragraph1most likely in order to______.A.make a comparison between the program target and the program audienceB.emphasize the similarities between the market segment and the program targetC.provide an example of the way three groups of consumers are affected by a marketing programD.clarify the distinction between the market segment and the program target04.“the product in question”in Line5,Paragraph2means______.A.“the product in the previous question”B.“the product under discussion”C.“the product on sale”D.“the product in doubt”05.It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true for most consumer-goods markets?A.The program target and the program audience are not usually identical.B.The program audience and the market segment are usually identical.C.The market segment and the program target are usually identical.D.The program target is larger than the market segment.Cloze TestMost economists in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the free market.__16__.A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matter,established by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers seems pernicious.__17__.In fact,price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides,as an effortless consequence of its own development,the price-fixing that it requires.Modern industrial planning requires and rewards great size.Hence,a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers.That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories.__18__.Each large firm will thus avoid significant price-cutting,because price-cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable demand for products. Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms;it is not.Moreover,those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist countries other than the United states.These economies employ intentional price-fixing,usually in an overt fashion.Formalprice-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements coveringthe members of an industry are common-place.__19__,the countries thathave avoided the first and used the second would have suffereddrastically in their economic development.There is no indication thatthey have.Socialist industry also works within a framework of controlled prices.In the early1970’s,the Soviet Union began to give firms and industriessome of the flexibility in adjusting prices that a more informalevolution has accorded the capitalist system.__20__;rather,Sovietfirms have been given the power to fix prices.A.But each large firm will also act with full consideration of the needsthat it has in common with the other large firms competing for the samecustomersB.Consequently,nothing seems good or normal that does not accord withthe requirements of the free marketC.Economists in the United States have hailed the change as a returnto the free market.But Soviet firms are no more subject to pricesestablished by a free market over which they exercise little influencethan are capitalist firmsD.Accordingly,it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing（the determination of prices by the seller）as both“normal”andhaving a valuable economic functionE.Were there something peculiarly efficient about the free market andinefficient about price-fixing-o.Part4:Writing.（30P）Write an English essay of250-300words describing Maslow’s hierarchyof human needs and analyze this model with ONE example.Your writingwill be assessed for language,format,structure and content.育明教育考研专业课第一品牌，考研信息可咨询育明教育官网政治【学科概述】不用因为政治纷繁复杂的知识点而担心政治会不过线，只要肯下功夫，60分是很容易达到的。
2014年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士解析真题
2014年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士解析真题战后期，与美英分区占领德国，参加纽伦堡对纳粹战犯的审判。
⑼西德成立后,法德同为北约与欧共体成员国,推动欧洲一体化进程。
3、英德关系⑴在法国大革命和拿破仑帝国时期，英国联合普奥反法。
⑵1814—1815年，英国同普奥共同操纵维也纳会议，建立维也纳体系。
（略）⑶进入帝国主义阶段后，英德矛盾成为帝国主义主要矛盾，英、德分别组织三国协约和三国同盟两大军事集团。
疯狂扩军备战。
⑷一战爆发后，英法在西线相继取得马恩河、凡尔登、索姆河、日德兰等战役的胜利，最后大败德国，取得一战胜利。
⑸一战后，在巴黎和会上，奉行均势，反对过分削弱德国；参与瓜分德国海外殖民地。
⑹20年代在德国赔款和法国安全问题，英国偏袒德国；道威斯计划通过后，对德提供贷款，扶植德国；参与签订洛迦诺公约，提高德国政治地位。
⑺30年代对德实行绥靖政策：对德实施普遍义务兵役制，开进莱茵不设防区不予反击；对德入侵西班牙采取“不干涉”政策；制造慕尼黑阴谋；德国突袭波兰，英法确坐视波兰灭亡而按兵不动。
⑻二战爆发后，英国逐渐坚定了反法西斯斗争决心；不列颠之战使德国遭到第一次重大失败；丘吉尔和罗斯福发表《大西洋宪章》；参与发表华盛顿26国宣言，建立世界反法西斯同盟；阿拉曼战役战胜德意在北非的军队，北非登陆迫使德意军队投降；诺曼第登陆，开辟欧洲第二战场；相继参加开罗会议、德黑兰会议、雅尔塔会议和波茨坦会议。
⑼二战后，参与对德国及其首都柏林的分区占领；在纽伦堡队纳粹战犯进行审判。
4、英美关系⑴1775—1783年的独立战争，美国摆脱英国殖民统治，赢得独立。
⑵1823年，美国提出“门罗主义”，引起英国不满。
1846年美国从英国手中取得俄勒冈。
⑶1899年美国提出对华“门户开放”政策，首先得到英国承认。
⑷一战后期，美国加入协约国作战，企图与英法争夺战利品。
⑸一战后美国企图凭借世界经济霸权地位，实现统治全世界的野心，同英国力图保持海上霸权，继续扩大殖民地的意图发生矛盾，英美矛盾成为主要矛盾。
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翻译
1. 词语翻译
英译中 2’*10
中译英 3’*10
2. 文章翻译
英译中 1*50’
中译英 1*50’
词语翻译比去年简单一些，英译中还是偏商务，中译英全部都是那种像予人玫瑰，手有余香这样的句子，比如少见多怪这种，是可以发挥的，
篇章翻译，英译中是讲万豪酒店的创始人他是如何成为万豪的头头的……不难，
中译英是偏散文，感觉不难，张培基没有白看（但是比去年那篇商务类的要难）
基础英语
1. 词汇 1’*20
2. 阅读 4篇 0.5’*20
3. 选词填空 10 15’（10道题目，15分）
4. 修辞手法 10 15’（10道题目，15分）
5. 写作the road not taken 30’
词汇比去年难，专八的，语法题没了，改错题没了
阅读还可以，不是很难
选词填空的词汇比较难，恋母情结什么的……
修辞手法有十个，PUN之类的，蛮难的，都忘记了
写作还好，400字，题目自拟
百科
1. 填空 1’*10
2. 名词解释 2’ *20
3. 应用文给党中央写个信，说说怎么增强文化软实力 1*40’（去年也是给党中央写信……）
4. 大作文我看人生（要结合时事） 1* 60’
百科我只能说永远是我的痛……去年考了很多经济贸易政治的，我今年狂复习啊，结果今年考了暴多历史的，什么第一部字典，第一部印刷品，望闻问切的切，利玛窦也有，但是我没想起来，还是什么忘记了，反正就是很惨不忍睹，
大作文和应用文还好吧……主要是要字迹清晰。