Slaxmg托福iBT(新东方在线网络课堂讲义目录)
新东方大愚书目
100 SAT II 文学 101 手把手教你SAT作文 102 SAT数学专项突破与模拟试题 103 SAT阅读专项突破与模拟试题 104 SAT写作专项突破与模拟试题 105 SAT词汇串记 106 SAT综合指导与模拟试题（附CD-ROM） 107 SAT阅读与填空 108 SAT词汇必备(附MP3) 雅思系列 109 雅思词汇胜经（附MP3） 110 剑桥雅思考试全真试题集7（附2CD） 111 剑桥雅思考试全真试题集7精讲 112 剑桥雅思写作高分范文 113 剑桥雅思12周完全攻略——听力（附MP3） 114 雅思听力 115 雅思阅读 116 雅思口语 117 雅思写作 118 雅思词汇词根+联想记忆法——阅读（附MP3） 119 雅思词汇词根+联想记忆法——写作（附MP3） 120 雅思词汇词根+联想记忆法——听力（附MP3） 121 雅思词汇词根+联想记忆法——口语（附MP3） 122 剑桥雅思词汇 123 剑桥雅思12周完全攻略——口语（附MP3） 124 IELTS核心词汇(附MP3) 125 IELTS 9分写作 126 IELTS 9分模考(附MP3) 127 IELTS 9分阅读 128 IELTS 9分听力(附MP3) 129 IELTS 9分口语(附MP3) 130 IELTS 9分必考词汇·学术类（附MP3）
28.00 48.00 25.00 25.00 18.00 45.00 45.00 25.00 35.00 110.00 35.00 45.00 25.00 35.00 110.00 30.00 30.00 48.00 30.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 28.00 30.00 39.00 28.00
托福iBT课程词汇讲义9页
科普类1.aer, aero, aeri=air,aerial adj.航空的, 生活在空气中的, 空气的, 高耸的n.天线aerobic a. 增养健身法的（pl.）n.有养运动aeromechanics n.航空力学aerogram n.无线电报, 航空邮件aerospace n.航空宇宙aerosphere n.大气层aeroview n.空中俯瞰图aerophotography n.航空摄影术2.agr=(field, land) ＝acreagriculture n.农业, 农艺, 农学massacreagronomy n.农艺学, 农学agrology n.土壤学, 实用土壤学agrarian adj.有关土地的, 耕地的(为ian作为后缀表示形容词“。
的”或者“。
的人”。
)3.anthrop=humananthrop ology n.人类学paleoanthrop ology n.古人类学misanthrop ist n.厌恶人类者, 厌世者anthrop表示“人类”，而此处出现的后缀是ology，表示学科，因此anthropology就是人类学；而paleo作为前缀就是“古代”的意思，所以paleoanthropology是古人类学的意思；mis作为前缀表示“错误，厌恶”的意思，因此misanthropist表示“厌恶人类者, 厌世者”。
4.aqua=wateraquar ium n.养鱼池, 玻璃缸, 水族馆（-ium表示“场所，容器”）aquat ic a.水生的，水栖的（-ic一般表示形容词）op aque n.不透明物adj.不透明的, 不传热的, 迟钝的（op-一般表示“阻碍，反”对）Hydra-Hebe S.H.E.5.astro, aster=starastronom ical a.天文学的(-ical表示形容词)astro nomy n. 天文学(-nomy表示“某一领域”)astronom er n.天文学家，宇航员(-er表示“人”，或者“动作的发出者”)astrospace n.宇宙空间astro naut n.太空人, 宇航员(-naut表示“人”)dis aster n.灾难, 天灾, 灾祸（dis-表示“分开，否定”的意思）6.bio, bi=lifebio logist n.生物学家(-ist表示“人”)bio graphy n.传记(-graphy表示“写”)anti bio tic n.抗生素adj.抗生的(anti-表示“反对，反抗”；-ic表示形容词或者名词)bio sphere n.生物圈(-sphere表示“球，圈”)bio cid e n.生物杀灭剂(-cide表示“切，杀死”)a bio sis n.无生命(a-表示“加强”，或者“否定”；；-sis表示名词)sym bio sis n.[生]共生现象, 合作，互利关系(sym-表示“共同，一起”；-sis表示名词) 7.celer=quickac celer ate v.加快，加速（acc-表示加强，-ate表示动词，形容词或者名词）celer ity n.敏捷, 快速(-ity表示抽象名词)ac celer ator n.加速者, 加速器（acc-表示“加强”）ac celer ation n.加速度（acc-表示“加强”）de celer ate v.(使)减速(de-表示“向下，破坏，消极”的意思)de celer ation n. 减速(-tion表示名词)excel excellent8.chron=timechron ic adj.慢性的, 延续很长的chron icle n.编年史v.编入编年史(-icle表示“集合名词”)chron ology n.年代学, 年表(-ology表示“某一领域”)syn chron ize v.同步(syn-表示相同，同时；-ize表示“使。
新东方的全套英语资料(免费版)
词汇类李笑来TOEFL核心词21天excel版下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0712/20071211_bf54b359 d01f5087df89XWGMBWh8L1rd.rar)文件大小：84.95KB李笑来TOEFL核心词21天MP3下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0709/20070911_0554b919 aaf1d0107749XwfVpzof7oVr.rar)文件大小：23.92MB熟词偏义词汇列表下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0710/20071016_de4fa883 10782460e1e4tiFlsNuX7uLi.zip)文件大小：12.42 KB老俞托福词汇串讲（网络课堂）链接：/bbs/thread-2571-1-1.html俞敏洪Tofel单词串讲（非网络课堂）下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0709/20070911_ef4045d5 846bcbbe1a77lCURXvPKRmAe.rar)文件大小：48.79 MB俞敏洪托福词频(文本文档）下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0708/20070830_4d7d3225 bdd91a028debt77gEeKJm1YU.rar)文件大小：1.4 MB老俞托福词汇2004版下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0708/20070830_69869346 dfb2b8a18545obsqqCAxmeAH.rar)文件大小：77.16 KB托福词汇词根联想下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0709/20070908_b670f6bc 04a7bc041574T3xA58b70qE7.rar)文件大小：77.16 KB新东方词根词缀大全下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0805/20080522_d21bb77d 87c70ee6116bTyBMjykr8xFl.rar)文件大小：216.94 KB说明文字：背单词其中一个很重要的方法，就是词根词缀记忆法,解压后为word格式，用Ctrl+F来搜索你需要的词根的意思,当成字典来用吧.赵丽8000词汇笔记下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0710/20071027_00f355ca 8033ba07cdb7Aicpkxg7IuHy.rar)文件大小：26.59 KB口语部分新东方口语特训文本（T1&T2）下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0708/20070830_5d7feab9 4900d55b6b0ckYyiP36FSz9n.rar)文件大小：27.37KBXDF十一特训口语部分的PPT链接：/bbs/thread-4817-1-1.html新东方toefl口语训练下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0709/20070911_efa51ec8 0e5b1388fd99T3bopkBxRAF4.rar)文件大小：157.22MB托福IBT之路：从开始复习到10月27日详细机经【long】(zz)链接：/bbs/thread-4885-1-1.html听力部分邱正正托福听力网络课堂下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0711/20071118_94bcabc9 05b08554521dSYVIdQhERwuD.rar)文件大小：87.92 MB说明文字：老托福的网络课堂，SWF文件可以用暴风影音打开托福听力网络课堂配套教材链接：/bbs/thread-1583-1-1.html邱政政听力笔记下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0712/20071228_24c8f76b cd948499bbd6gZZmngePA7Ow.rar)文件大小：558.35KB说明文字：配套上述网络课堂的笔记马骏07年1月托福强化班笔记下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0804/20080404_2bac11b5 62896b12c5a70LjAbO36wCT6.rar)文件大小：10.87KB宁滨老师听力笔记下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0710/20071013_c35fd2f5 26f6f89552c75syUjpU1TadA.rar)文件大小：44.29 KB说明文字：宁滨是新东方托福特级教师，主讲听力和口语，是他的听力课堂笔记托福听力笔记下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0805/20080514_ca6009fb b6f2e7f4fb5cndWu3MR7aZcp.doc)文件大小：55 KBgter托福听力笔记下载链接：(/HorseUpfiles/month_0709/20070911_252cb010 8f463569d40auVF0pTtBWSPR.rar)文件大小：7.63 MB写作部分孙远托福作文（网络课堂）链接：/bbs/thread-771-1-1.htmlredrock托福作文（网络课堂）链接：/bbs/thread-772-1-1.html新东方作文课ppt（戴云的）链接：/bbs/thread-4598-1-1.html说明文字：跟随我们的戴教主系统的学习TOEFL写作, 其中包括戴云网络写作课堂的讲义(最全讲义), 以及他给他的教徒们准备的资料、提纲。
IBT网络课堂听力讲义(整理加笔记)
新东方在线网络课程教材TOEFL-IBT听力主讲：金鑫考试时间：60或90若听力是2个section 时间小于60min，题目为34个若听力加考的话，3个section 时间小于90min，题目51个Section = 1 conversation（非学术性内容）+ 2 lecture （学术性内容）（4-6 min，每个对话）Conversation 5个题，lecture 6个题，总17个题听清对话—笔记—解题美音的语速很快，有些语音听不到，要对语音信号有反应。
句子：①连读：Ⅰ：辅音＋元音（如果前一辅音以辅音结尾，后一个以元音开头，连读）在美音的发音里面爆破音t经常被发成d，所以读音中听见是很正常的。
（water可以读成“wader”，matter可以读成“madder”）ru n^ou t^of fi t^ i t^ i n in-side out cal l^ i t ^a ^day:到此为止M: Are you ready to go jogging?W: Almost. I have to warm up first.Q: What does the woman mean?Ⅱ：元音＋元音前一个单词音以[i]或者[i:]结尾+后一个单词以元音开头，也要连读，在两个元音之间多加一个流音：/ j /，/ w /前一个单词以[i] [i:]结尾，后面加元音的话，加流音/ j /，因为当我们发/ j / （ye）时，它的前一个步骤是发[i]的音的，就可以顺利成章的连读了。
/ i / +/ j / + 元音I am / aijæm /前一个单词以[u] [u:]结尾，后面加元音的话，加流音/w /，因为当我们发/w /时，它的前一个步骤是发[u]的音的，就可以顺利成章的连读了。
/ u / + / w / + 元音you are / juwar /四组固定变音：前一个结尾d+j前一个结尾→d3 （zhi）woul d^ y ou，coul d ^y ou前一个结尾t+j前一个结尾→ch（chi）abou t^ y ou; last^ y ear前一个结尾s+j前一个结尾→sh（shi，xi）mis s^ y ou: thi s ^y ear前一个结尾z+j前一个结尾→3（ri）does your前三个一定要记住，最后一个不常见。
新托福强化听力讲义
For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial useConversation 高频单词1作业extra credit assignment/project/homework / assignment sheetpresentation / thesis proposal 论文开题报告/essay /report / research / literature review读后感/ journal 学术杂志/ record / chart / info / senior researcher /fair share/ deadline/ drain排水/ junk mail / positive feedback2 课程•required course/curriculum课程表/lecture/class/ compulsory course, requirement必修的•optional/elective/selective/unrequired course选修课•introduction, introductory, intro初级•mid, medium level, intermediate中级•advanced高级•preliminary预备级•seminar / graduation form/ academic record/ field experience实习/heavy schedule/ course load课业负担重/ hammer courses on your own 锤炼3 图书馆•library/study room→learning (resource) center / video library / inter-library loan service 馆际借阅服务•reference section/ reference stack参考书库/ electronic sources电子资源/ entertainment section•check out/ return/ fill out the form/a form to fill out / extended borrowing privileges 延长的借阅优先4 论文•Paper/ topic/ material /dissertation / a draft version/ first draft 第一稿•bibliography 参考书目录/ citation 引用/ plagiarism 作弊•display the abstract摘要/ summary总结/ narrow…down / access /electronic sources 电子资源•published/ unpublished data / bulletin board 布告栏5 考试Exam/ mid-term exam /final exam / quiz /pop quiz /grade / score /pass /passing grade /failing grade /GPA / make up exam /cheat语言标记•Discourse Markers•Introducing•In my talk today•My topic today is•Today, we are going to discuss•Today, I’ll go over•The purpose of my talk today is•Today we are going to look at•Giving background Information•It is clear•It goes without saying•It is understood•As we know•As we have all read•Defining•X can be defined as•X is known as•X is a type of•X is actually•Just what is meant by•Listing•First•First and foremost•Next•Another•To begin with•Second•The next point I’d like to cover•finally•Showing a connection•Pertaining to in connection with •Classifying•There are X types/ categories/ varieties of •X can be divided into•Giving examples•For example•For instance•X is a case in point•Take X for instance•Take X, for example•The following are some common examples •Let me give you some specific examples •Emphasizing•The crucial point•I’d like to emphasize•We should bear in mind that •Fundamentally•I want to stress•Furthermore•What’s more•This goes to show that•In effect•Least we forget•It is worth mentioning that•It follows, then•Clarifying•In other words•That is to say•Basically•If we put it another way•i.e.•What I mean to say is•Let me put it anther way •Parenthetically speaking Shifting subtopics •Now•All right•OK•Let’s now look at it•Now, I’d like to turn to•The next point I’d like to focus on •Moving on•All that aside•In this respect•Giving further information•In addition•Furthermore•Another point•Moreover•Not only…but also•Also•On top of that•As well•Giving contrast information•Although•However•On the other hand•Whereas•Despite•nevertheless•Giving an opinion•As far as I’m concerned•In my opinion•If it were up to me•According to•If you ask me•In my mind•Setting parameters•In terms of in the scope of •Digressing•By the way•Before I forget•Incidentally•Concluding•We’ve seen that•In conclusion, I’d like to•In short•To sum up•Let me end by saying•Any question?•All in all•Commonly Used Expression• A point of contention•After all is said and done•All the more•And so on• A cross purpose•At the onset•Back and forth•Foot the bill•Get a grasp of•Get the ball rolling•Subject of disagreement•After all debate is finished•Even more•Etcetera•In contradiction to each other’s intent •At the beginning•Going and returning•Pay all•To understand•start•Give rise to•Hardly the case•In a fix•In a nutshell•Instead of•It’s all or nothing•It’s all very well and good•Miss the point•No matter•On the condition•Owing to•Part and parcel of•Cause•Not the situation at all•In a bad or difficult situation•Here is the basic point•Rather than•Completely or not at all•There is nothing wrong with•Not understand•It really isn’t important•If/ depending on•Due to• A necessary and important element•Poke holes in•Practically speaking•Slowly but surely•Stem from•Supposing that•That isn’t to say•The upshot of•Turning point•When it comes down to it•With the aim of•Without regard to•Wrap up•Under no circumstances•Find something wrong with•Talking common sense•Done carefully over time•Come from•What if•It doesn’t mean•The consequence or result•An important point of change in direction or meaning •The truth is•Having the goal of•Ignoring•Finishnot for any reasonIdiomsCastles in the sky/ air 空中楼阁As clear as a bell 非常清楚Come to terms 清楚误会Shed crocodile tears 假慈悲Cut corners 走捷径Do’s and don’t’s 行为规范Face the music 面对现实First things first 先说重要的Forgive and forget 握手言和Get the ball rolling 使蓬勃发展A knockout 引人注目A rainy day 不如意的日子All thumbs 笨手笨脚的一窍不通的Ants in one’s pants (skirts) 坐立不安At one’s finger’s tips 了如指掌Backseat driver 指手画脚的人Blow one’s top 怒发冲冠Break the ice 打破僵局、沉默Bring down the house 掌声雷动的Buy your story 相信你的话Call it a day 今天到此为止Daylight robbery 价钱贵的离谱Dirty dog 卑鄙小人Flat tire 没精打采From A to Z 从头到尾God knows 天晓得Gone with the wind 随风而逝Good for nothing 毫无用处的Happy go luck 乐天派Have a big mouth 话多的人Have it both ways 权衡两方面Have time off 休假Hit of the show 表演中最精彩的一幕Hit the high spots 达到高水准Hold one’s tongue 保持沉默In hot water 遇到麻烦In the hole 遇到经济困难In the long run 从长远看In the soap 遇到麻烦Keep punching 继续努力Kick off 开始干某事Kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟Knock it off 别再讲下去了Let nature take its course 顺其自然Like a cat on hot bricks 热锅上的蚂蚁Like a turtle in its back 对事情束手无策Lousy cliché陈词滥调Master key 万能钥匙关键No sweat 没问题不用冒汗No money, no honey 没钱就没爱情Odds and ends 零碎的工作Off color 身体不爽On pins and needles 如坐针毡的Once in a blue moon 机会难得的绝无仅有Pain in the neck 极讨厌的人或物Pipe course 容易的课程或工作Pull a long face 拉长脸不悦Put sb.in the ring 和某人赛一场Rain or shine 不论晴雨Row in one boat 从事相同事业相同命运Royal road 容易取得成功的捷径Run of the town 轰动一时的人Salt of the earth/ world 社会中坚Second sight 超人的预见力Side money 外快Slowly but surely 稳扎稳打Speak the same language 志同道合Spill the beans 露马脚Stand on one’s own feet 独立自主Stay out of other people’s business 置身事外Step on one’s toes 触怒某人Sugar report 情书Sunday dress 最好的衣服Take it or leave it 别讨价还价Take things as they come 既来之则安之Talk big 讲大话Talk of the town 非常流行的东西Talk through one’s nose 骄傲自大Tall story 难以置信的故事Be the spirit 真有道理Throw cold water on 泼冷水Turn the tables 翻盘扭转局势Under the sun 世界任何地方Walking dictionary 知识渊博的人Welcome to the party 现在你总算懂了What’s the catch? 你这是什么意思When in Rome do as the Romans do入乡随俗White lie 善意的谎言With open arms 热烈欢迎Without fail 一定Got me there 难住我了Stick with sb 紧跟着某人Take a rain check 改天吧Lost count 弄不清楚Be in another world 精神恍惚Save your breath 别白费口舌了Make sense 有意义理解Burn a hole in one’s pocket 很快花光File one’s shoes 很好的顶替Is ice cold 理所当然的Look for a needle in a hay stack 大海捞针Meet each other half way 相互妥协让步On the dot 准时正点Once and for all 最后一次干脆Play by ear 随机应变Ring a bell 令人想起某事听起来耳熟Share a common outlook 有共同观点Six of one and half-a-dozen of the other半斤八两Stick around 在附近逗留或等待Stick with 继续做坚持Straighten out 扯平结清Turn one’s back 别人困难时不愿帮助Under the weather 身体不适生病Bite off more than one can chew 不自量力Break new ground 创新Do the trick 做成功达到理想效果Draw the line 拒绝拒不容忍Feel down in the dumps 心情不好情绪低落Keep between the two of us 保密Know a thing or two about 略知一二Leave no stone unturned 不遗余力On cloud nine 非常幸福On the tip of one’s tongue 就在嘴边Reach the bottom of the barrel 弹尽粮绝Up in the air 尚未决定悬而未决Wear and tear 磨损消耗With flying colors 大获全胜Get off on the wrong foot 开始就不顺利Get on someone’s nerves 使人不安Give someone a break 不要去管饶了某人Head and shoulders above 某方面强于某人In the red 赤字In the dark 一无所知A breath of fresh airBe all ears 洗耳恭听Be all eyes 目不转睛Sell like hot cakes 畅销Get butterflies in one’s stomach 紧张不安Two thumbs up 双手赞成Pull one’s leg 开某人玩笑Break one’s back 辛勤工作Twenty-four seven 永远一直Bucket down 瓢泼大雨Backroom boys 幕后英雄Beyond compare 绝佳的最棒的Break even 不赔不赚By the book 照章办事Cast a cloud over 泼冷水蒙上阴影Put oneself together 加把劲Suit me fine 太适合我了Time will tell 时间会证明一切Same old story 又是那一套Boys will be boys 本性难移Be Greek to sb. 某人完全不懂Couch potato 整天呆在沙发上看电视Wait on hand and foot 招待的无微不至Waste one’s breath 白费口舌Weigh one’s word 斟字酌句Wheels within wheels 错综复杂之理由Win a name 出名Wishful thinking 如意算盘Ups and downs 有喜有悲Under one’s breath 轻声细语Under one’s thumb 在某人支配下Turn the clock back 时光倒转Turn a deaf ear 不加理睬That’s that 就此而已Shoulder to shoulder 齐心协力See the world 见多识广Second to none 最佳的Second thoughts 从新考虑Read between the lines 明白言外之意Over and down with到此结束Grain ground 有进展Break a leg 大获全胜火山(volcano)1、分类周期eruption cycle：active volcano / extinct(ive) volcano/ dormant volcano强度eruption intensity: shield volcano 盾状火山周期短，强度小/compositevolcano 复式火山周期长，强度大2、灾害earthquake 地震landslide 滑坡mudslide 泥石流avalanche 雪崩(e.g. Cascade Mountain 终年低温，常年积雪) kill creatures ash steam/ash cloud/volcanic ash→pollution山形成方式plates crushing/collisiontectonic platevolcanic activity/Ring of Fire年龄以及分布地理位置记字头Alps, Rockies, Andes, Cascades, St. Helens, Appalachians湖咸淡对比表格Freshwater lake=Sweetwater lake 淡水湖Saltwater lake 咸水湖E.g. Great Lakes (Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario) Great Salt Lake对比：1、地理位置2、density 密度3、contraction 盐度4、为什么咸水湖咸，什么导致的，以前也这么咸么？Saltwater lake→evolution5、evaporation/no outlet6、ecology (wetland)7、climate8、environment海(ocean) oceanic current 洋流(ocean) volcanic island erode侵蚀lagoon泻湖coral reef/atoll 珊瑚礁/环礁矿（石、洞）Chemical elements 元素oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, silicon, iron, calcium, sodium, carbon, potassiummagnesium, oxide, titanium, methane, monoxide, dioxide, trioxide, peroxide,sulfur, amino, choleric, aluminumrock igneous rock 火山岩，岩浆岩成因：lava/magma→cool downsedimentary rock 沉积岩，水成岩成因：eroded by water/oceanmetamorphic rock 变质岩成因：heat + tensioncave solution cave 酸溶洞formed by mild/weak acidlava cave 熔岩洞during/after volcanic eruptionsea cave 海蚀洞eroded by sea water冰川(glacier)1、structure 构造特点ice sheet/layer 冰层ice cap 冰盖ice bottom 冰底2、formation 形成formation condition 形成条件①precipitate/rainfall/rain 下雨②turn in to ice accumulated③conserved ice/ice fern 积雪=cumulative snow3、movement 运动①velocity 运动速度comparison XX和XX比较②location 在哪运动（ocean）③regular 规律4、process 形成过程表格题5、climate/environment/ecology地球构造crust 地壳mantle 地幔core地核↓↓tectonic plate 板块magma 岩浆（高温）1、the definition2、example 记住主题，位置，目的3、expert4、the relation——continental drift 大陆漂移5、process 考表格板块collision→ridge seduction zone——magna circle地质学（geology）是托福听力考试中的常见话题，是关于地球的物质组成、内部构造、外部特征、各层圈之间的相互作用和演变历史的知识体系，是研究地球本身的学科。
托福口语强化班讲义
托福口语强化班讲义托福强化口语补充资料Introduction of TOEFL What is TOEFL：TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) 托福考试TOEFL iBT Internet Based Test Procedures：Test Section Reading Listening Break Speaking Writing Task forms: Range of Questions 3/5 passages, 12-14 questions each 3/2 conversations, 5 questions each 6/4 lectures, 6 questions each 2 independent speaking tasks 4 integrated speaking tasks 1 integrated writing task 1 independent writing task Time Limit (Total:4 hours) 60/100 minutes 90/60 minutes 10 minutes 20 minutes 20 minutes 30 minutes Scaled Section Score (Total:120) 0-30 0-30 0-30 (raw points per question 0-4) 0-30 (raw points per question 0-5) ? ? ? ? ? ? 620’(5’30’’)15+45; 30+60; 20+60 S R-L-S L-S Topics cover: ? Personal Experience ? Campus Life ? Academic materials No. Name Preparation Speaking Content Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task6 Independent Task 15?? 45?? Open Q A OR B Integrated Task 30?? 60?? Campus issue & student?s attitude Term & example Integrated Task 20?? 60?? Problem & solutions Summary 1 口语单项评分Good 4 Fair 3 Limited 2 Weak 1 考试评分自我评估: 4分要求: ? ? ? ? ? ? Answer to question: the student answers the question thoroughly Comprehensibility: the student can be understood completely Organization: the student’s response is well organized and developed Fluency: the student’s speech is generally fluent Pronunciation: the student has generally good pronunciation Grammar: thestudent uses advanced grammatical structures with a high degree of accuracy ? V ocabulary: the student uses advanced vocabulary with a high degree of accuracy 2 Tips for preparation 学习与练习：课堂学习为主&课下练习为主教材与资料：hand out OG+TPO+机经工具：笔；词典；录音设备！！！*TPO做题法1. 按规定时间完成TPO, 一定要录音2. 反复按做题方法回答至流畅一定要录音3. 查看原文找出采分点4. 熟读采分点5. 参考原文再回答一遍6. 积累好词好句, 跟读背诵听力原文*强化听力练习: 1. 背口语词汇:意思/发音 2.听力原文跟读-按意群跟读(不看原文)-按意群复述-慢速shadow 3 Task 1Open Question Independent Task 问题分类：1.描述类2.选择类四大话题:PPOE People Place Object Event Sample Study Choose a place that you often go shoppingand explain why. Please include specific details in your explanation. Note Topic(T): Point1(P1): Point2(P2): Tips:Template Topic: Well, personally, I?d like to say sth. about…/I wanna sa y sth. about…which/who..(background info) And there are a couple of reasons to name. (optional) Point1:For starters/To begin with/Firstly/The first reasons is,... Point2:More importantly/Not to mention/Also/Plus/Another reason is, ... Conclusion: So, that?s why…(optional) *万能filler Actually there is a lot to say about…, but the points above are what I mainly want to cover. 4 Sample Answer __________________ sth. about YF shopping mall, which has been running for over two decades. And there are a couple of reasons to name. _______________, it has a perfectlocation, _____ it?s within a stone?s throw of my home, ____________, it?s just 5min walk, ___ I could go there anytimeI want. ____________, tons of decent things could be discovered there, _____ restaurants ____ karaokes, ____ clothing ____ electronic devices, _________the restaurants there, the foods they provide, ____ roasted chicken, tastes heavenly__________! ___________ I?m a big fan of going shopping in YF shopping mall. Practice: 1. Describe the person you admire the most? Please give specific details and examples in your explanation. 2. Describe a place that you like best in your city. Please state why you like it with specific examples and details. 3. Describe a celebration or moment, which has made a deep impression on you. Please explain the impressionand include specific examples and details in you explanation. 4.Describe a piece of clothing you have. Please state why you like it and include specific examples and details in your explanation. 词汇和选题5 描述类常用万用理：人物： 1. Common belief/hobby: We speak the same language that both of us… Sharing the same hobby, we both are fans of… 2. Character: What I learnt from him/her is the significance of… It?s him/her who showed me the significance of… 3. Skill Were it not for him/her, I wouldn\’t get the hang of… 4. Role model Sb is definitely the role model of being one of the most decent/successful…that I?ve ever seen. 地点：1. Location: It has a perfect location, since it?s within a stone?s throw of my home, which means I could visit there anytimeI want 2. Price:Reasonable/affordable prices are offered there, around XX% off, compared with other places? ones. Specifically…merely cost me… wh ile it?s priced at… OR:Things there are pretty cheap and cheerful since…only cost… but with top/first class quality.6 3. Service: I would say it?s a kind of place where people could enjoy all-around/impeccable/flawless service, judging from an awesome experience I had before that… 4. Diversity: Tons of/loads of choices/stuffcould be found/discovered in that place, from… to… especially … 5. Memory It?s a kind of place whichis filled with fond memories sinceit?s exactly where I came acros s/ I used to … 事件： 1. Importance of … Actually, my inner self was totally touched by it, making me come to realize the importance of …cuz …. It therefore inspired me to …OR:This experience really placed profound influence on me. You know, before it, I didn?t realize the importance of …, thanks to it… 2. Memory I have to say it?s an experience filled with fond memories cuz it?s exactly the first time when I … 物品：1. Price Being so cheap and cheerful, … only cost… but with top/first class qu ality OR: Compared with other places, it?s a really good deal. You know, as the price is reasonable that… only cost… 2. Multifunctional What impressed me most is its multifunctional feature, making it possible to serve any purposes, from… to… Especially… 3. Portable Being pretty portable as it?s light and only in a size like my palm, it enables me to take it to any places anytime while only/simply putting that in my clutch/pocket 4. Memory I have to say it?s sth filled with fond memories for itactually symbolizes/represents/stands for... 7 Task 2Preference (which do you prefer)/ Choice (do you agree or disagree) Independent Task Sample Study Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. (/) Note: T: P1: P2: Tips:Template T: You know, as for me/ from my view, I agree with/ I?m in favor of/ I?m behind/ I support/ I?m in support of/ I back up the (former/latter) idea. P1: First, (2)Also, … C:So, that?s why… (optional) Sample Answer ____________________ dining out. ______it?s pretty convenient that I don?t have to spend so much time on buying materials, cooking, washing dishes, cleaning up the table, or things like that._________ I?ve been quite busy with my work these days ______ cooking for myself will then occupy loads of time. _______more food choices woulddefinitely be discovered when dinning out._________ different stuff are offered in various restaurants, _______ sushi, BBQ, pizzas,____rice noodles. ____________ the foods from those restaurants are way more finger-licking than home-made ones ______ they are made by professional chefs, knowing cooking from A to Z. ___, I guess that?s just why I chose to eat in restaurants.8 Practice: 1. Some students prefer to live alone. Others prefer to live with their roommates. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.2. Some people prefer to work in the offices. Others would like to take the work at home. Which do you prefer and explainwhy. 3. Do you agree or disagree: Students should wear uniform in school? Please include specific details and examples in your opinion. 4. Some students prefer to choose universities located in big cities. Others would like to study in universities located in small towns. Please state your opinion and explain why. 选择类常用万能理 1. 便宜It?s cheap and economical. It can help me save a lot of money to buy books or to travel with my friend Egz. Specifically, it only costs______Yuan to_________. However, if I want to________, it will cost me at least_____Yuan. I hate squandering, so I think it is awesome. 2．省时It is convenient and I would be able to save tons of time. Specifically, it takes me only_____minutes to_______. However, if I?d like to______, I will spend at least_____hours. I think spending the time saved on reading books on history orchemistry/doing exercises is considered to be the better way for me to relax/obtain more knowledge. 3．交朋友I can make more friends in different background/from different cities/countries such as Japan, Canada and America/with the same interest. We could have pleasant conversation not only about the academic information such as history, biology and economics, but also about the international events. And I can also learn some useful interpersonal skills or personality such as honesty and persistence 4．好环境The amazing part is its picturesque view and enjoyable surroundings. Having a walk beside the lake and rockery, I can smell the fragrance of grass and the flowers and hear the cries of the birds and feel the bracing breeze on my face.5．减压I can totally relax in such a......environment. I?m fascinated tothe harmonious atmosphere which could make me refreshed and energetic. I can release my emotion, pressure and uneasiness through it, and have a temporary escape from the academic workload such as assignment and examination. 6．健康It?s good for my health. I can improve my speed, strength and flexibility. And I can also effectively lose 9。
新东方在线TOEFL_iBT阅读讲义
1. 句子简化题The Great Red SpotOne distinctive feature of the planet Jupiter is the Great Red Spot, a massive oval of swirling reddish-brown clouds. Were Earth to be juxtaposed with the Great Red Spot, our planet would be dwarfed in comparison, with a diameter less than half that of the Great Red Spot. The Spot’s clouds, most likely tinted red as a result of the phosphorus that they contain, circulate in a counterclockwise direction. The outer winds require six Earth days to complete the circumference of the Great Red Spot, a length of time indicative of vastness of the Great Red Spot.1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. The density of the Great Red spot is much higher than that the Earth.B. If the diameter of the Great Red Spot were doubled, it would equal that of the Earth.C. By placing the Earth next to the Great Red Spot, one could see the Earth has a much smaller diameter.D. Because the Earth is close to the Great Red Spot, Earth is influenced by its huge size.答案：C2.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. The Earth’s outer winds move a distance equal to the circumference of the Great Red Spot.B. The outer winds of the Great Red Spot move more quickly than do those on Earth.C. The Winds moving across the Great Red Spot finally change direction every six Earth days.D. The fact that the winds take so long to move around the Great Red Spot proves how big it is.答案：DPassage One (Question 1-2)CamouflageCamouflage is one of the most effective ways for animals to avoid attack in the treeless Arctic. However, the summer and winter landscapes there are so diverse that a single protective coloring scheme would, of course, prove ineffective in one season or the other. Thus, many of the inhabitants of the Arctic tundra change their camouflage twice a year. The arctic fox is a clear-cut example of this phenomenon; it sports a brownish-gray coat in the summer which then turns white as cold weather sets in, and the process reverses itself in the springtime. Its brownish-gray coat blends in with the barren tundra landscape in the months without snow, and the white coat naturally blends in with the landscape of the frozen wintertime tundra.1. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the first highlightedIncorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Opposite conditions in summer and in winter necessitate different protective coloration forArctic animals.B.The coloration of the summer and winter landscapes in the Arctic fails to protect the Arctictundra.C.In a single season, protective coloring scheme are ineffective in the treeless Arctic.D.For many animals, a single protective coloring scheme effectively protects them duringsummer and winter months.答案：A2. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the second highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.The arctic fox is unusual in that he color of its coat changes for no reason.B.The arctic fox lives in an environment that is brownish gray in the summer and white in thewinter.C.It is a phenomenon that the coat of the arctic fox turns white I the springtime and gray inthe fall.D.The arctic fox demonstrates that protective coloration can change during different seasons. 答案：DPassage Two (Question 3-6)Post-it NotesPost-it Notes were invented in the 1970s at the 3M company in Minnesota quite by accident, Researchers at 3M were working on developing different types of adhesives, and one particularly weak adhesive, a compound of acrylate copolymer microspheres, was developed. Employees at 3M were asked if they could think of a use for a weak adhesive which, provided it did not get dirty, could be reused. One suggestion was that it could be applied to a piece of paper to use as a bookmark that would stay in place in a book. Another use was found when the product was attached to a report that was to be sent to a colleague with a request for comments on the report; the colleague made his comments on the paper attached to the report and returned the report. The idea for Post-it Notes was born.It was decided within the company that there would be a test launch of product in 1977 in four American cities. Sales of this innovative product in test cities were less than stellar, most likely because the product, while innovative, was also quite unfamiliar. A final attempt was then made in the city of Boise to introduce the product. In that attempt, 3M salesmen gave demonstrations of the product in offices throughout Boise and gave away free samples of the produce. When the salesmen returned a week later to the office workers, having noted how useful the simple little product could be, were interested in purchasing it. Over time, 3M came to understand the huge potential of this new product, and over the next few decades more than 400 varieties of Post-it products - in different colors, shapes, and sizes – have been developed.3. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the first highlightedIncorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Of the many adhesives that were being developed at 3M, one was not a particularly strongadhesive.B.Researchers at 3M spent many years trying to develop a really weak adhesive.C.Numerous weak adhesives resulted from a program to develop the strongest adhesive of all.D.Researchers were assigned to develop different types of uses for acrylate copolymermicrospheres.答案：A4. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the second highlighted sentence in the passage 1?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.The 3M company suggested applying for a patent on the product in a report prepared by acolleague.B.One unexpectedly-discovered use for the adhesive was in sending and receiving notesattached to documents.C. A note was attached to a report asking for suggestion for uses of one of 3M’s products.D. A colleague who developed the new product kept notes with suggestions by other workers.答案：B5. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the first highlighted sentence in the passage 2?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.The 3M company was unfamiliar with the process of using test cities to introduce innovativeproducts.B.Sales of the product soared even though the product was quite unfamiliar to most customers.C.The new product did not sell well because potential customers did not understand it.D.After selling the product for a while, the company understood that the product was notinnovative enough.答案：C6. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the second highlighted sentence in the passage 2?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.The company immediately understood the potential of the product and began to develop itfurther.B.The company worked overtime to develop its new product, initially creating numerousvarieties to make it successful.C.The company initially introduced 400 varieties of the product and then watched for decades assales improved.D.It took some time for the company to understand how important its new product was and howmany variation were possible.答案：D2. 排除列举题The geology of the Earth's surface is dominated by the particular properties of water.Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds and is constantlyLine modifying the face of the Earth.(5) Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transportedby wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the water trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting what are called the hydrographic network. This immense polarized network channels the water toward a single recepatcle: an ocean. (10) Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize itspotential energy by running from high altitudes toward the reference point, that is, sea level.The rate at which a molecule of water passes through the cycle is not random but is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the (15) average time for a water molecule to pass throught one of the three reservoirs—atmosphere, continent, and ocean—we see that the times are very different. A watermolecule stays, on average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundred years on acontinent and forty thousand years in the ocean. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water(20) transport on the continents.A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over thecontinents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimes (25) soils are destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of thecontinents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.8. All of the following are example of soluble ions EXCEPT(A) magnesium(B) iron(C) potassium(D) calcium答案：BThe canopy, the upper level of the trees in the rain forest, holds a plethora of climbing mammals of moderately large size, which may include monkeys, cats, civets, andporcupines. Smaller species, including such rodents as mice and small squirrels, are not Line as prevalent overall in high tropical canopies as they are in most habitats globally.(5) Small mammals, being warm blooded, suffer hardship in the exposed and turbulentenvironment of the uppermost trees. Because a small body has more surface area perunit of weight than a large one of similar shape, it gains or loses heat more swiftly.Thus, in the trees, where shelter from heat and cold may be scarce and conditions mayfluctuate, a small mammal may have trouble maintaining its body temperature.(10) Small size makes it easy to scramble among twigs and branches in the canopy forinsects, flowers, or fruit, but small mammals are surpassed, in the competition forfood, by large ones that have their own tactics for browsing among food-rich twigs.The weight of a gibbon (a small ape) hanging below a branch arches the terminalleaves down so that fruit-bearing foliage drops toward the gibbon's face. Walking or(15) Leaping species of a similar or even larger size access the outer twigs either by snapping offand retrieving the whole branch or by clutching stiff branches with the feet or tail andplucking food with their hands.Small climbing animals may reach twigs readily, but it is harder for them than forlarge climbing animals to cross the wide gaps from on tree crown to the next that(20) typify the high canopy. A macaque or gibbon can hurl itself farther than a mouse can: itcan achieve a running start, and it can more effectively use a branch as a springboard,even bouncing on a limb several times before jumping. The forward movement of a small animal is seriously reduced by the air friction against the relatively large surfacearea of its body. Finally, for the many small mammals that supplement their insect(25) diet with fruits or seeds, an inability to span open gaps between tree crowns may beproblematic, since trees that yield these foods can be sparse.2. Which of the following animals is less common in the upper canopy than in other environments?(A) Monkeys(B) Cats(C) Porcupines(D) Mice答案：DDuring the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about thecontributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newlyformed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power,Line women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some (5) significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the bestcontemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned importantletters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions.During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.(10) Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the effortsof female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their malecounterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, andthey were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of(15) history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National,regional, and local women's organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personalcorrespondence, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources form the core of the two greatest collections of women's history in the United States; one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radcliffe College, and the other the (20) Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuablematerials for later generations of historians.Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during thenineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the "great women"theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on "great (25) men." To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to Americanlife, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies. or else importantwomen produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in publiclife as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were notrepresentative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people(30) continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.9. In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as possible roles of nineteenth-century "great women" EXCEPT(A) authors(B) reformers(C) activists for women's rights(D) politicians答案：DPotash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis (the otherbeing soda, sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making ofglass, and from the early Middle Ages in the making of soap: the former being theLine product of heating a mixture of alkali and sand, the latter a product of alkali and(5) vegetable oil. Their importance in the communities of colonial North America needhardly be stressed.Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass-or soap-making either would do. Soda was obtained largely from the ashes of certainMediterranean sea plants, potash from those of inland vegetation. Hence potash was(10) more familiar to the early European settlers of the North American continent.The settlement at Jamestown in Virginia was in many ways a microcosm of theeconomy of colonial North America, and potash was one of its first concerns. It wasrequired for the glassworks, the first factory in the British colonies, and was produced insufficient quantity to permit the inclusion of potash in the first cargo shipped out of(15) Jamestown. The second ship to arrive in the settlement from England included among itspassengers experts in potash making.The method of making potash was simple enough. Logs were piled up and burned inthe open, and the ashes collected. The ashes were placed in a barrel with holes in thebottom, and water was poured over them. The solution draining from the barrel was(20) boiled down in iron kettles. The resulting mass was further heated to fuse the mass intowhat was called potash.In North America, potash making quickly became an adjunct to the clearing ofland for agriculture, for it was estimated that as much as half the cost of clearing landcould be recovered by the sale of potash. Some potash was exported from Maine and New (25) Hampshire in the seventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic,consisting mostly of shipments from the northern to the southern colonies. For despite the beginning of the trade at Jamestown and such encouragements as a series of acts "to encourage the making of potash," beginning in 1707 in South Carolina, the softwoods in the South proved to be poor sources of the substance.1. What aspect of potash does the passage mainly discuss?(A) How it was made(B) Its value as a product for export(C) How it differs from other alkalis(D) Its importance in colonial North America答案：C2. All of the following statements are true of both potash and soda EXPECT:(A) They are alkalis.(B) They are made from sea plants.(C) They are used in making soap.(D) They are used in making glass.答案：B7. According to paragraph 4, all of following were needed for making potash EXCEPT(A) wood(B) fire(C) sand(D) water答案：CPennsylvania's colonial ironmasters forged iron and a revolution that had bothindustrial and political implications. The colonists in North America wanted the right to the profits gained from their manufacturing. However, England wanted all of theLine colonies' rich ores and raw materials to feed its own factories, and also wanted the(5) colonies to be a market for its finished goods. England passed legislation in 1750 toprohibit colonists from making finished iron products, but by 1771, when entrepreneur Mark Bird established the Hopewell blast furnace in Pennsylvania, iron making hadbecome the backbone of American industry. It also had become one of the major issues that fomented the revolutionary break between England and the British colonies. By the (10) time the War of Independence broke out in 1776, Bird, angered and determined, wasmanufacturing cannons and shot at Hopewell to be used by the Continental Army.After the war, Hopewell, along with hundreds of other "iron plantations," continued toform the new nation's industrial foundation well into the nineteenth century. The rurallandscape became dotted with tall stone pyramids that breathed flames and smoke,(15) charcola-fueled iron furnaces that produced the versatile metal so crucial to the nation'sgrowth. Generations of ironmasters, craftspeople, and workers produced goods duringwar and peace—ranging from cannons and shot to domestic items such as cast-ironstoves, pots, and sash weights for windows.The region around Hopewell had everything needed for iron production: a wealth of (20) iron ore near the surface, limestone for removing impurities from the iron, hardwoodforests to supply the charcoal used for fuel, rushing water to power the bellows thatpumped blasts of air into the furnace fires, and workers to supply the labor. By the1830's, Hopewell had developed a reputation for producing high quality cast-iron stoves,for which there was a steady market. As Pennsylvania added more links to its(25) transportation system of roads, canals, and railroads, it became easier to ship parts madeby Hopewell workers to sites all over the east coast. There they ware assembled intostoves and sold from Rhode Island to Maryland as the "Hopewell stove". By the time thelast fires burned out at Hopewell ironworks in 1883, the community had produced some80,000 cast-iron stoves.5. Pennsylvania was an ideal location for the Hopewell ironworks for all of the following reasons EXCEPT(A) Many workers were available in the area(B) The center of operations of the army was nearby(C) The metal ore was easy to acquire(D) There was an abundance of wood答案：BUnder the Earth's topsoil, at various levels, sometimes under a layer of rock, there aredeposits of clay. Look at cuts where highways have been built to see exposed clay beds;or look at a construction site, where pockets of clay may be exposed. Rivers also revealLine clay along their banks, and erosion on a hillside may make clay easily accessible.(5) What is clay made of? The Earth's surface is basically rock, and it is this rock thatgradually decomposes into clay. Rain, streams, alternating freezing and thawing, roots of trees and plants forcing their way into cracks, earthquakes, volcanic action, and glaciers—all of these forces slowly break down the Earth's exposed rocky crust into smaller andsmaller pieces that eventually become clay.(10) Rocks are composed of elements and compounds of elements. Feldspar, which is themost abundant mineral on the Earth's surface, is basically made up of the oxidessilica and alumina combined with alkalis like potassium and some so-called impuritiessuch as iron. Feldspar is an essential component of granite rocks, and as such it is thebasis of clay. When it is wet, clay can be easily shaped to make a variety of useful(15) objects, which can then be fired to varying degrees of hardness and covered withimpermeable decorative coatings of glasslike material called glaze. Just as volcanicaction, with its intense heat, fuses the elements in certain rocks into a glasslike rockcalled obsidian, so can we apply heat to earthen materials and change them into a hard,dense material. Different clays need different heat levels to fuse, and some, the low-fire (20) clays, never become nonporous and watertight like highly fired stoneware. Each clay canstand only a certain amount of heat without losing its shape through sagging or melting.V ariations of clay composition and the temperatures at which they are fired account forthe differences in texture and appearance between a china teacup and an earthenwareflowerpot.2. It can be inferred from the passage that clay is LEAST likely to be plentiful in which of the following areas?(A) in desert sand dunes(B) in forests(C) on hillsides(D) near rivers答案：AIn July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiouslywatched as, every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere ofJupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9Line after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out (5) along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been firstglimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quicklyscientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giantplanet. The impact caused an explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming firethat quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed (10) at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy wastransformed into heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through thetunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues form these explo-sions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out tofrom dark ribbons.(15) Although this impact event was of considerable scientific importance, it especially piquedpublic curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening televisionnewscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most open scientificendeavor in history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the (20) fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catstrophe by randomassaults from celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should nothave been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary explo-ration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic terms, and were even more frequent in the early solar system.3. The author compares the fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 to all of the following EXCEPT(A) a dismembered body(B) a train(C) a pearl necklace(D) a giant planet答案：DBy far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth andnineteenth centuries was cotton, favored by the European textile industry over flax orwool because it was easy to process and soft to tile touch. Mechanization of spinning and Line weaving allowed significant centralization and expansion in the textile industry during (5) this period, and at the same time the demand for cotton increased dramatically. Americanproducers were able to meet this demand largely because of tile invention of the cottongin by Eli Whitney in 1793. Cotton could be grown throughout the South, but separatingthe fiber—or lint—from the seed was a laborious process. Sea island cotton wasrelatively easy to process by hand, because its fibers were long and seeds were(10) concentrated at the base of the flower, but it demanded a long growing season, availableonly along the nation's eastern seacoast. Short-staple cotton required a much shortergrowing season, but the shortness of the fibers and their mixture with seeds meant that aworker could hand-process only about one pound per day. Whitney's gin was a hand-powered machine with revolving drums and metal teeth to pull cotton fibers away from (15) seeds. Using the gin, a worker could produce up to 50 pounds of lint a day. The laterdevelopment of larger gins, powered by horses, water, or steam, multiplied productivityfurther.The interaction of improved processing and high demand led to the rapid spread ofthe cultivation of cotton and to a surge in production. It became the main American(20) export, dwarfing all others. In 1802, cotton composed 14 percent of total Americanexports by value. Cotton had a 36 percent share by 1810 and over a 50 percent share in1830. In 1860, 61 percent of the value of American exports was represented by cotton.In contrast, wheat and wheat flour composed only 6 percent of the value of Americanexports in that year. Clearly, cotton was king in the trade of the young republic. The(25) growing market for cotton and other American agricultural products led to anunprecedented expansion of agricultural settlement, mostly in the eastern half of theUnited States—west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River.3. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for the increased demand for cotton EXCEPT(A) cotton's softness(B) cotton's ease of processing(C) a shortage of flax and wool(D) the growth that occurred in the textile industry.答案：CFlatfishMembers of the flatfish family, sand dabs and flounders, have an evolutionary advantage over many colorfully decorated ocean neighbors in that they are able to adapt their body coloration to different environments. These aquatic chameleons have flattened bodies that are。
新东方4 6级考试作文免费辅导课程 讲义 第3课
新东方4 6级考试作文免费辅导课程讲义第3课第一节Should Firecrackers Be Banned?1. 有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么？2. 有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么？3. 我的看法2. 造成：cause、lead to、result in sth. 、bring about、beresponsible forFirst,setting off firecrackers leads to fires.Secondly it result in injuress to people.Finally it also brings about noise.On the other hand, there are many people who say that firecrackers should be banned.They point out that firecrackers are responsible for fires which destroy property, and for injuries suffered both by the people who set them off and by innocent bystanders. They also say that firecrackers are a waste of money and resources.注：point out 指出；be responsible for 造成On the other hand,there are many people who say that pets should be banned.They point out that pets are responsible for nioses which disturb people's rest,and for injuries suffered both by the people who keep them by innocent neighbors.My own point of view is that we should preserve the old custom of letting offfirecrackers, while at the same time making them harmless. We can do this by banning firecrackers from public places. In addition, we should restrict the setting off of firecrackers to festival days.注：My own point of view is that we should be allowed to keep pets, while at the same time making them harmless.1998年6月For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?1.有些人认为某些数字会带来好运。
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生命中，不断地有人离开或进入。
于是，看见的，看不见的；记住的，遗忘了。
生命中，不断地有得到和失落。
于是，看不见的，看见了；遗忘的，记住了。
然而，看不见的，是不是就等于不存在？记住的，是不是永远不会消失？
托福iBT 阅读
新老托福阅读的变化
0 新老托福阅读的变化
句子简化题
1.1 句子简化题做题步骤
1.2 The Great Red Spot
1.3 Camouflage
1.4 Post-it Note
排除列举题
2.1 单词列举题
2.2 短语列举题
2.3 句子列举题
2.4 专项练习1
2.5 专项练习2
插入句子题
3.1 Popcorn
3.2 Lions
3.3 Accidental Inventions
托福iBT 听力
听力语音技巧
0 连读规则
1 弱读+失音+失爆规则
ibttoefl听力的练习方法
2 声音方面的练习方法
3 思路方面的练习方法
Exercise 小对话
4 1-5题听力原文
5 第1题详解
6 第2题详解
7 第3题详解
8 第4题详解
9 第5题详解
10 6-10题听力原文+详解
11 11-20题听力原文
12 第11-12题详解
13 第13-17题详解
14 第18-20题详解
15 第21-30题听力原文
16 第21-24题详解
17 第25-27题详解
18 第28-30题详解
Directions 段落
19 段落练习方法详解(如何做笔记)
20 Campus Life Topics—passage 1
21 Campus Life Topics—passage 2
22 Campus Life Topics—passage 3(题目部分)
23 Campus Life Topics—passage 3(笔记详解)
24 Campus Life Topics—passage 3(题目详解)
25 Academic topics—passage 1
26 Academic topics—passage 2
27 Academic topics—passage 3(题目部分)
28 Academic topics—passage 3(笔记详解)
29 Academic topics—passage 3(题目详解)
30 Academic topics—passage 4(题目部分)
31 Academic topics—passage 4(详解)
Sample Test 模拟练习
32 passage 1(题目部分)
33 passage 1(详解部分)
34 passage 2(题目部分)
35 passage 2(笔记详解)
36 passage 2(题目详解)
37 passage 3(题目部分)
38 passage 3(详解部分)
39 passage 4(题目部分)
40 passage 4(详解部分)
41 总结
托福iBT 口语
新托福考试介绍
00 新老托福对比
01 新托福题型概览
02 中国学生在表达上的问题
03 评分标准分析及考前策略题型详解
4.1 1题分析讲解
4.2 1题练习1.2
4.3 1题练习3.4
4.4 2题分析讲解例1
4.5 2题例2.例3
4.6 2题例4
4.7 strategies during the test 1 4.8 strategies during the test 2 4.9 1题复习练习题1
4.10 1题复习练习题2
4.11 2题复习练习题
4.12 3题分析讲解
4.13 3题例1
4.14 3题例2.例3
4.15 3题例4
4.16 4题分析讲解1
4.17 4题分析讲解2
4.18 4题例1.例2
4.19 1题复习回顾
4.20
5.6题分析讲解
4.21 5题例1
4.22 5题例2.例3
4.23 5题例4
4.24 Review 1题
4.25 Review 2题
4.26 Review 3题
4.27 Review 4题
4.28 Review 5题
4.29 6题分析讲解
4.30 6题例1、2、3
4.31 总复习1、2题
4.32 总复习3、4题
4.33 总复习5、6题
4.34 新托福口语总体备考建议托福iBT 写作
新托福写作概览
1.1 新托福简介
1.2 新托福写作介绍
1.3 写作基本知识应试技巧(1) 1.4 写作基本知识应试技巧(2)
新托福写作须知
1.5 写作部分须知
1.6 语法
2.1 逻辑性
2.2 表达方式
2.3 文化的影响
2.4 基本要求
2.5 分数对照表
2.6 新托福写作考试指令及范例2.7 考试界面
2.8 阅卷人心理分析
2.9 如何准备新托福写作
3.1 评分标准
3.2 句子表达练习题,写作原则3.3 题库分析(1)
3.4 题库分析(2)
3.5 审题(1)
3.6 审题(2)
3.7 审题(3)
3.8 审题(4)
3.9 审题(5),提纲
4.1 论点与理由(1)
4.2 论点与理由(2)
4.3 论点与理由(3)
4.4 论点与理由(4)
4.5 文章结构和主体框架
4.6 文章内容比例,人称
4.7 开头方法(1)
4.8 开头方法(2)
5.1 主题句,结尾
5.2 重述语意的技巧(1)
5.3 重述语意的技巧(2)
5.4 重述语意的技巧(3)
5.5 段落(1)
5.6 段落(2)
5.7 范文讲解
5.8 衔接手段,举例与引用(1) 5.9 举例与引用(2)
语言
6.1 黄金句型1.2
6.2 黄金句型3.倒装句
6.3 黄金句型3.倒装句
6.4 黄金句型3.倒装句
黄金句型4.5
黄金句型6.7.8
Best words
词汇选择
范文讲解（1）
范文讲解（2）
范文讲解（3）
评分标准
题型分析、学习要点（1）
学习要点（2）
学习要点（3）
学习要点（4）
应对阅读中的陌生名词
寻找并记录要点、文章框架
精彩句型
范文分析（1）
范文分析（2）
托福iBT 词汇
学习词汇的误区
1.1 学习词汇的误区（1）
1.2 学习词汇的误区（2）
100个核心单词
2.1 appropriate/article/figure/fashion/factor
2.2 fec-/ fac-/ fic-/fig-
2.3 arrested/aggregate
2.4 aggregate/aggressive/auditorium/assume consume/resume 2.5 bill/catch
2.6 champion
2.7 close
2.8 complex /exploit /count/cure/secure
2.9 cut/deal/default/defer/dominant
3.1 down/draw/exclude
3.2 fair
3.3 fine/functional/give/hit/stroke/humor
3.4 import
3.5 incredible/involved/issue/lead
3.6 letter/letters/lot/minute
3.7 novel/precise
4.1 observe/preserve/serve
4.2 outstanding/partial/perspective
4.3 pound/produce 4.4 project/promise
红色部分表明已经有了。