精读2期末考试paraphrase范围
高级英语2第三版课后paraphrase原文及答案清晰版
Lesson 11．And it is an activity only of humans.And it is a human unique activity．2．Conversation is not for making a point.Conversation is not to convince others．3．In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to be lose.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are willing to be lose.4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.Bar friends are not deeply concerned with each other’s private lives.5....it could still go ignorantly on...The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．6. There are cattle in the field, but we sit down to beef.These animals are called cattle in English, when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef in French．7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.The new ruling class had caused the cultural contradictions between the ruling class and native English by regarding French superior to English.8.English had come royally into its own.English had gained recognition by the King．9．The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. The phrase, the king’s English has always been used disrespectfully and made fun by the lower classes. 10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.There is still opposition to cultural monopoly.11. There is always a great danger that “words will harden into things for us”We tend to make the mistake that we regard the things as they represent.12. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.Even the most educated and literated people will not always use the formal English in their conversation．Lesson 21. The burying--ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.The burying-ground is just a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth, looking like a deserted construction land.2.All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.All colonial empires are built by exploiting the local people.3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.They are born. Then they work hard without enough food for a few years. Finally they die and are buried in the hills graves without any mark to identify them.4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lighting speed.A carpenter sits crossing his legs at an old-fashioned lathe, making round chair-legs very fast.5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews.Immediately, Jews rushed out of their dark hole-like rooms nearby in a frenzy madness.6.every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury.Every one of these Jews considers the cigarette as a somewhat piece of luxury which they can not possibly afford.7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.However, a white-skinned European is easy to notice in a fair way.8. In a tropical landscape one’s eye takes in everything except the human being.Against the background of a tropical landscape, people could notice everything but they cannot see local people.9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed AreasNo one would propose the cheap trips to the slums．10．...for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, back-breaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.The real life of nine-tenths of the people is that there is no end to their extremely hard work in order to get a little food from an eroded soil．11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.She took it for granted that as an old woman she should work like an animal．12.People with brown skins are next door to invisible.People who have brown skins are almost invisible．13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms...The soldiers wore second—hand khaki uniforms which covered their beautiful well—built bodies．14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?How long will it take for them to attack us?15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind.It is certain that every white man realized this.Lesson31.And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe...And yet the same revolutionary belief which is the aim of our ancestors is still in dispute around the world.2. This much we pledge--and more.This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.If we are united, there is almost nothing we can not do through a lot of cooperation.4. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.But this peaceful revolution which can bring hope in a peaceful way can not fall victims to enemy country.5. .... Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of pace...The United Nations is our last and best hope in the era where means of launching war have far surpassed means of keeping peace.6. ...to enlarge the area in which its writ may run...to increase the area where the UN’s written documents may be effective.7....before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction...before the evil atom weapon made possible by science destroy all human beings in a planned way or by accident.8...yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war... However both trying to change that unstable balance of weapons and this balance of weapons could prevent human beings from launching their final war.9. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness...So let us begin once again to realize that politeness does not mean weakness.10. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.I suggest both sides try to use science to make wonders for human beings rather than terrors.11. ...each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. There are Americans from every generation who answer the call of the country to prove their loyalty to the country.12. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love...Our certain reward is our good conscience and history will judge our deeds, therefore, let us try to be pioneers in building our beloved country.Unit51.The slighted mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged...At the very mention of this postwar period ,middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2.The rejection of Victorian gentility was , in any case ,inevitable .In any case,an American could not avoid casting aside middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure...The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4...it was tempted ,in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication...In America at least,the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit...The young found greater pleasure in drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful,added a sense of adventure.6...our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7....they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up.”The young wanted to take part in the glorious adventure before the whole ended.8...they had outgrown towns and families...These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their hometowns or their families.9..the returning veteran also had to face the sodden,Napoleonic cynicism of Versailles,the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition...The returning veteran also had to face the stupid cynicism of the victorious allies in Versailles who acted as cynically as Napoleon did,and to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10.Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”...(Under all this force and pressure)something in the youth of America,who were already very tense ,had to break down.11....it was only natural that hopeful young writers , their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center...It was only natural that hopeful young writers ,whose minds and writings were full of violent anger against war, Babbittry,and “Puritanical”gentility,should come in largen numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center.12.Each town had its “fast”set which prided itself on itself on its unconventionality...Each town was proud that it had a group of wild ,reckless people,who lived unconventional lives.Unit71.With a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city Omelas .The loud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked the beginning of the F estival of Summer in Omelas.2. ..Their high calls rising like the swallows’ crossing flights over the music and singsing.The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallow s flying by overhead.3. ..Exercised their restive horses before the race.The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to startand stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.4. Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions.After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.5. This is the treason of artist: a refusal to admit the banality of evil and the terrible boredom of pain. An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull a nd uninteresting.6. They were nature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not misera ble people.7. Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it as your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occas ion.Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assuming his i magination will be equal to the task.8. The faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the way of the city.The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city.9. Perhaps it was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition and neg lect.Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very foolish and s tupid because of fear, poor nourishment and neglect.10. Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatment.The habits of the child are so crude and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement even if it is trea ted kindly and tenderly.11. Their tears at the bitter injustice dry when they begin to perceive the terrible justice of reality, and to accept it.They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tearsdry up when t hey realize how just and fair though terrible reality was.Unit81.....below the noisy arguments , the abuse and the quarrels , there is a reservoir of instinctivefellow-feeling...The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other , but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feelings for each other in their hearts.2....at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them.What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they regard as lazy and troublesome.3...there are not many of these men , either on the board or the shop floor...There are not many snarling shop stewards in the workshop,nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of directors.4.It demands bigness ,and they are suspicious of bigness.The contemporary world demands that everything should be done on a big scale and the English do not trust bigness.5.Against this , at least superficially ,Englishness seems a poor shadowy show...At least on the surface ,when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass , Englishness seems to put up a rather poor performance.6....while Englishness is not hostile to change,it is deeply suspicious of change for change’s sake... Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for change’s sake and not other useful purposes is very wrong and harmful.7.To put cars and motorways before houses seems to Englishness a communal imbecility.To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity.8.I must add that while Englishness can still fight on ,Admass could be winning.I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there is a great possibility for Admass to win.9.It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft. Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles ,and soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot provide.10.They probably believe ,as I do , that the Admass”Good Life”is a fraud on all counts.There people probably believe ,as I do,that the “Good Life”promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects.11...he will not even find much satisfaction in this scrounging messy existence, which does nothing for a man’s self-respect.He will not even find much satisfaction in this untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.12.To them the House of Commons is a remote squabbling-shop.These people consider the House of Commons as a place rather far away from them where some people are always quarreling and arguing over some small matters.13...heavy hands can fall on the shoulders that have been shrugging away politics.They were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.Unit101. It is a complex fate to be an American.The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand.2...they were no more at home in Europe than I was.They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was.3...we were both searching for our separate identities.They were all trying to find their own special individualities.4. I do not think that could have made this reconciliation here.I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status without feeling ashamed.5...it is easier to cut across social and occupational lines there than it is here.It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle and have social int ercourse.6. A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor, and in neither case feel thre atened. In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. They are not jealous of each other and do not live in fear of losing their position.7. I was born in New York, but have lived only in pockets of it.I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of the city.8. This reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable.The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for granted in the past can be very painful, though very valuable.9. On this acceptance, literally, the life of a writer depends.The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes or what he does he will always carry the marks of his origins.10. American writers do not have a fixed society to describe.American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to descri be.11..Every society is really governed by hidden laws, by unspoken but profound assumptions on the part of the people.Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and by many things deeply felt andtaken for granted by the people, though not openly spoken about.。
现代大学英语精读paraphrase和translation
Lesson Two: Two KindsParaphrase1.I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size.I imagined myself as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which one suited me thebest.2.I had new thoughts, willful thou ghts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts.I had new thoughts, which were filled with a strong spirit of disobedience and rebellion.3.The girl had the sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was Shirley Temple—like, slightly rude but in an amusing way.4.It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest, but it also felt good, asif this awful side of me had surfaced, at last.When I said those words, I felt that some very nasty thoughts had got out of my chest, and so T felt scared. But at the same time I felt good, relieved, because those nasty things had been suppressed in my heart for some time and they had got out at last.5.And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point. I wanted to see it spill over.I could feel that her anger had reached the point where her self—control would collapse, andI wanted to see what my mother would do when she lost complete control of herself.6.The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it shut out the dust and also put an end to my misery. Phrases1.With almost no money down 几乎用不着交首付，几乎可以全部用贷款来买房2.The raised hopes and failed expectations 那些过高的希望和达不到的期盼3.Shorting out 短路4.The showpiece of our living room 我们起居室里的一件摆设5.Stiff-lipped smile 尴尬不自然的笑容6.Frighteningly strong 惊人地强大7.Follow their own mind 我行我素Sentence1.Instead of getting big fat curls, I emerged with an uneven mass of crinkly black fuzz.我的头发没有做出我要的大卷花，而是给我弄成一头乱蓬蓬的黑色小卷毛。
现代大学英语精读paraphrase-原文译文版汇编
学习-----好资料Lesson one1.Virtue is, indeed must be, self-centered.(para4)正确的行动是，确实也必须是以自我为中心的。
By right action, we mean it must help promote personal interest.2.The essentials are familiar: the poverty of the poor was the fault of the poor. And it wasbecause it was product of their excessive fecundity…..(para5)他的基本观点为人熟知：穷人的贫穷是他们咎由自取，贫穷是热门过度生育的结果The poverty of the poor was caused by their having too many children.3.Poverty being caused in the bed meant that the rich were not responsible for either itscreation or its amelioration. (para6)贫穷源于过度生育意味着富人不应该为产生贫穷和解决贫穷承担责任The rich were not to blame for the existence of poverty so they should not be asked toundertake the task of solving the problem.4.It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God(para8)这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用。
It is only the result or effect of the law of the survival of the fittest applied to nature or tohuman society.5.It declined in popularity, and reference to it acquired a condemnatory tone.(para9)然而在20世纪，人们认为社会学中的达尔文进化论有点过于残酷，遭到了普遍的质疑，人们提及它都带有谴责的口吻。
精读2期末考试paraphrase范围
1.I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University ofKansas City. (Para. 1)I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University ofKansas City.2.I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school,but in a college and that at the end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. (Para. 2)I could have told him that he was now not getting training for a job in a technicalschool but doing a B.Sc. at a university.3.You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn’tjump the fence, or that your client doesn’t go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. (Para. 5)You have to take responsibility for the w ork you do. If you’re a pharmacist, you should make sure that aspirin is not mixed with poisonous chemicals. As an engineer, you shouldn’t get things out of control. If you become a lawyer, you should make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you lack adequate legal knowledge and skill to defend your client.4.Along with everything else, they will probably be what puts food on your table,supports your wife, and rears your children. (Para. 5)In addition to all other things these professions offer, they provide you with a living so that you can support a family—wife and children.5.If you are too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly proud of your own limitations, toaccept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer, or Einstein, you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy. (Para. 12)If you are too anxious to make money, too ignorant to see your limitations, then you couldn’t regard those great people’s minds as a gift to your humanity, and thus you can’t be a developed human.6.“Yes, different,” he snapped, angry with her resorting to this trick of repeating hiswords so that they sounded hypocritical. (Para. 16)“Yes, different,” he responded angrily and quickly and he hates it when she adopts this trick of repeating his words to make him sound false and mean.7.While he was at it, he decided, he might as well mop the floor. (Para. 42)When he was doing the housework at that time of the night, he had better clean the floor as well.8.He’d acted out of concern for her; he thought that it would be a nice gesture onher part not to start up the conversation again. (Para. 21)The husband had shown concern and care for his wife, and he hoped that she would show her concern in return by not continuing the unpleasant conversation.9.Washington, the city of form and rules, turned chaotic by a blast of real winter anda single slap of metal on metal. (Para. 1)With a sharp and loud noise, Washington, the neatly well-designed city of order was thrown into a terrible confusion.st Wednesday the elements, indifferent as ever, brought down Flight 90. And onthat same afternoon human nature—groping and struggling—rose to the occasion.(Para. 2)Last Wednesday, the bad weather, unconcerned about the consequences it might bring about as always, made Flight 90 fall down. On that same afternoon, human nature, groping for the flotation rings and struggling in the icy water, came to prove its greatness displayed in an unexpected tragedy.11.Of the four acknowledged heroes of the event, three are able to account for theirbehavior. (Para. 3)Only three out of these four heroes lived to tell people what they actually had done and how they had rescued the five survivors.12.On television, side by side, they described their courage as all in the line of duty.On television, they sat next to each other and said that i t’s their duty to be courageous enough to rescue people in the water.13.…. the one making no distinctions of good and evil, acting on no principles,offering no lifelines; the other acting wholly on distinctions, principles and, perhaps, on faith. (Para. 7)Nature has no moral standards. It works on no human principles. It cares nothing about the individual life of man; Man, on the other hand, has his moral standards of what is right and wrong. He must behave according to the moral principles and beliefs.14.In reality, we believe the opposite, and it takes the act of the man in the water toremind us of our true feelings in this matter. (Para. 8)Actually, the death of the man did not mean that human beings had lost the battle.In a moral sense, man had won because man’s courage to defy death was also a tremendous power. Therefore, what happened to this man in the water should fill us with pride rather than sadness.15.The man in the water set himself against an immovable, impersonal enemy; hefought it with kindness; and he held it to a standoff. He was the best we can do.(Para. 9)The man in the water fought against the indifferent and unmerciful nature; he fought with kindness; and he helped make the fight in which nature gain no advantage. He was the best representative of human beings.。
Paraphrase考题范围及答案
P a r a p h r a s e考题范围及答案------------------------------------------作者xxxx------------------------------------------日期xxxxAn Integrated English Course (Book III)(Paraphrase考题范围及答案)2011—2012学年10级英语一班Unit 31.Many people in the West are gourmets and others are gluttons, but scatteredamong them also is a large number of people who are apparently pretty indifferent to what goes into their stomachs, and so do not regard food as having any ultimate moral effect on them.Paraphrase: Quite a lot of Western people are experts in the choice of fine food and many others eat a lot. But there are also quite a fe w who don’t care about what they eat, and thus don’t consider food as of any spiritual significance in their life.（翻译：在西方，很多人是美食家，也有很多人贪吃，但是在这两种人之外还有很大一部分人对即将进入自己胃里的东西明显地不太感兴趣，因此也不认为食物会对他们有任何最终的精神影响。
）2.Kenneth Lo, however, expresses a point of view that is profoundly different andtypically Chinese, deriving from thousands of years of tradition.Paraphrase:Yet, Kenneth Lo expresses an opinion that is completely different from the traditional Western viewpoint, and his opinion is a typically Chinese view, which originates from thousands of years of history.（翻译：然而，肯尼斯·罗却传达了一个完全不同的典型的中国式的观点，这种观点来自几千年的传统。
高级英语第二册Paraphrase
ParaphraseLesson One1.We’re elevated 23 feet.-Our house has been raised by 23 feet in comparison with the past.2.The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.-The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3.We can batten down and ride it out.-We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4.The generator was doused, and the lights went out.-Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5.Everybody out the back door to the cars!6.The electrical systems had been killed by water.-The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7.John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.-As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8.Get up through this mess, will You?-Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9.She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away.-Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and the her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10.Janis had just one delayed reaction.-Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension cause by the hurricane.Lesson Three11.And it is an activity only for humans.-And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings (animals and birds are not capable of conversation).12.Conversation is not for making a point.-Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or point of view. In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.13.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.-In a fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.14.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.-People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives.15.…it could still go ignorantly on…-The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.16.There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf).-These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef. The words “beef”comes from the French word “boeuf.”17.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building theirFrench against his own language.-The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.18. English had come royally into its own.-The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more.19. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by thelower -classes.20. The rebellion against cultural dominance is still there.-There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.21. There is always great danger that “word will harden into things for us.”-There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.22. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips andslides in conversation.-Even the most educated and literate people use non-standard, informal, colloquial English rather than standard, formal English in their conversation.Lesson Four23. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still atissue around the globe, the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God.-Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.24. This much we pledge—and more.-This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.25. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided,there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.-Bond together we can accomplish a lot of things in the variety of joint ventures.Divided, we can do nothing because we cannot deal with the strong threat in disagreement and split apart.26. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.-We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.27. Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced theinstruments of peace.-The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where theinstruments of war have far surpassed and exceeded the instruments of peace. 28. …to enlarge the area in which its writ may run…-29. …before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanityin planned or accidental self-destruction….-before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place.30. …yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand ofmankind’s final war.-Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind’s final war.31. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign ofweakness,…-So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness.32. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.-Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the rightful things it can do. Let both sides try to use science to produce good and beneficial things for man instead of employing it to bring frightful destruction.33. …each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to itsnational loyalty.-Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country’s cause).34. With a good conscience our only sure reword, with history the final judge of ourdeeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our own.-With God’s blessing and help, let us start leading the country we love. Knowing that on earth we must do what God want us to do. Let history finally judge whether we have done our task well or not but our sure reward will be a good conscience, for we will have worked sincerely and do the best of our ability. Lesson Seven35. …boy and man, I had been through it often before.-As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had often traveled through the region.36. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.-But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.37. and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that itreduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.-The scene that we met the eye was terribly ugly and the whole region was so miserable and gloomy that it was unbearable. This dreadful scene (in a regionwhich produces through its industry the wealth to make American the richest and grandest nation) makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.38. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.-The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.39. They have taken as their model a brick set on end.-The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright.All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.40. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow,low-pitched roof.-These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.41. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past allhope or caring.-When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color ofa rotten egg.42. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.-Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time.Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.43. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.-I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying. I came to the conclusion that Westmoreland had the most loathsome towns and villages only after visiting and comparing many places not only in the United States but also in other countries and after constantly praying to God for guidance.44. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become masterpieces ofhorror.-They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked. When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre one feels they must be the work of the devil himself. 45. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces ofhorror.-It is hard to believe that people people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.46. On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libidofor the ugly, as on other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful.-People in certain strata of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Christian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.47. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.-These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of its type of mind.48. …they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossiblepenthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it.-They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.49. Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.-From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth. Lesson Eight50. However primitive and simple his method of work may be, by the very fact ofproduction, he has risen above the animal kingdom; rightly has he been defined as “the animal that produces”.-To whatever degree primitive and simple his method of work may be, because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed to a much higher level than all the other animals; so man has been correctly and justifiably defined as the animal that makes and manufactures things.51. Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independentbeing.-Work also sets man free from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.52. Whether we think of the beautiful paintings in the caves of Southern France, theornaments on weapons among primitive people, the statues and temples of Greece, the cathedrals of the Middle Ages, the chairs and tables made by skilled craftsmen, or the cultivation of flowers, trees or corn by peasants--all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill.-Every kind of work (utilitarian and artistic), no matter when it was done or who did it, provides an example of man applying his intelligence and his skill to change nature creatively.53. There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.-The worker finds pleasure in his work and through work he also develops his mind. Therefore, pleasure and work go together and so does the cultural development of the worker and his work.54. Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerworldly asceticism,” an answerto man’s sense of aloneness and isolation.-Work became, according to Weber, the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that soothed those who felt alone and isolated because of this ascetic life.55. Work has become alienated from the working person.-Work has been separated from the worker and the worker is not interested in it at all. Instead, he feels estranged from it or hostile to it.56. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity.-Work helps the worker to earn some money; except this it is not an activity with much significance.57. because a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on.-because just earning some money is not enough for a worker to establish hisself-respect.58. …most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of theworker’s psyche.-Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the worker’s mind.59. It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management,…-Better relations with the public will yield large profits to management.60. But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to completepassivity and receptivity.-The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a mere “high-minded” cover for the real, vulgar appeal to idleness and submissiveness.61. …he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.-The businessman gets the knowledge that the quality of his product doesn’t match what it should be. Conscious of the deception involved, he despises the goods he produces.Lesson Ten62. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to themiddle-aged and curious questionings by the young.-At the very mention of the Twenties, middle-aged people begin to recall it longingly and young people become curious and begin to ask questions about it. 63. The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.-Anyway, it was inevitable for American to discard Victorian gentility which upheld the middle-class respectability and affected refinement characteristic of Victorian England.64. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian socialstructure,…-The war only helped to speed up the collapse of the Victorian social structure. 65. But at the same time it was tempted, in American at least, to escape itsresponsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication and a pose of Bohemian immorality.-But at the same time, in America at least, the young people are strongly disposed to escape their responsibilities. They pretend to be worldly-wise and disregard conventional standards of behavior, drinking and breaking the traditional morality naughtily.66. Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making theirpleasures illicit,…-The young people found more pleasure in drinking because Prohibition made it a kind of adventure.67. …our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.-Our young men joined the foreign armies to fight in the war.68. …they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.-they wanted to take part in the adventure of war before it ended.69. …they had outgrown towns and families…-they could not adapt themselves to life in their hometowns and families anymore.70. … the returning veteran also had to face the sodden, Napoleonic cynicism ofVersailles, the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition, and the smug patriotism of the war profiteers.-the returning veterans also had to face the stupid cynicism shown by the victorious allies in Versailles who acted just like Napoleon once did. They had to face Prohibition through which the lawmakers hypocritically expected to do good to the people. And they also had to face the self-content patriotic air of the war profiteers.71. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…-Under this pressure something in the young people, who were already very tense, had to break down.72. After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pensinflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center…-After the war, it was only natural the promising young writers whose thoughts and writings extremely opposed war, Babbittry and “Puritanical” gentility, should come in great numbers to live in the Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center.73. Each town had its “fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…-Each town was proud that it had a group of wild unconventional people.。
高级英语II课后PARAPHRASE答案
Lesson 21. But my father was deeply attracted to it precisely because of its unexplored, uncultivated natural state, and the challenge.2. As a little girl, l believed my father's words, and was genuinely afraid of the possible disaster --if we didn't hurry up, the day would catch us and terrible things might happen.3. ...Occasionally the law officers would make some effort without real earnest to investigate Watson and to bring him to court, but there seemed to be little concrete evidence to prove that he was responsible for certain illegal activities.4. The control Watson had over this section of Florida was much similar to the dishonest or illegal activities of the law-enforcing officials and governors which Florida witnessed in the 20th century.5. Before the family built their own house, they lived in a shabby cabin at Gopher Key, close to the merciless Walton. The author uses an understatement -not the most gracious of living quarters -to describe their shabby, temporary home.6. We had abundant food on the island, and even the meals enjoyed by King Richard, who was famous for his love of food, couldn't possibly compare with ours. The tone shows the content of the author with the adequate supply of food on the island.7. Although it was very hot outside in the sun, we were happy to be dismissed from my mother's sessions indoors. We would have to read and write with her every day no matter what the weather was like.Lesson 41. The impact of Mike's leaving on my life was beyond my imagination. I didn't expect that Mike's leaving would have such a tremendous power that it would change the meaning of my existence completely. All my thoughts were about loss of Mike.2. At that time, we were young mothers, and we were supposed to lead a terribly busy life full of confusion and bewilderment caused by giving birth to and raising babies. And our minds were supposed to be fully occupied by how to feed the babies and things like that. However, in the midst of all this we still felt the need to discuss some of the important thinkers of our time like Simone de Beauvoir and Arthur Koestler and T. S. Eliot’s sophisticated work "The Cocktail Party".3. 1 would be frightened, and my fear was not caused by my neighbors' visibly hostile and violent way of life, but by a kind of formless and hidden emptiness and meaninglessness of human existence. What happened around me was totally irrelevant to me, and I feel very isolated and alienated.4. She did not ask me abut my new life, either out of subtle consideration for my feeling about this sensitive subject or out of disapproval of my new life style.5. 1t would be a morally low thing, an indecent thing to commit infidelity in the house of a friend.6. 1 knew that he was a person who had experienced the worst in life, the hardest experience a person might have to endure.7. They experienced the worst together and they knew what it was like and understood the meaning of that experience. Such an experience posed the gravest test to people. If they stood the test, their friendship or marriage would be strengthened, and a sacred bondage would be formed between them. But if they failed the test, their relationship would be broken and they would be driven apart.8. 1f they acted on love, they would take risks. They wouldn't do that or go further in their relationship, but they would rather let their love remain as a sweet trickle, which would flow on gently and permanently, and as an underground resource, which would never be fully tapped but would never go dry.Lesson 61. The raising of a pig is like a tragedy, because it always ends in the killing of the pig, and the set pattern一buying, raising and butchering一is strictly followed in most terms. The killing, deliberately planned and efficiently carried out, is the most serious type of murder, yet, whether pigs should be killed and meat served has never been questioned.2. A pig couldn't ask for any better living conditions; at least no pig has ever complained.3. . .. since a pig is, like a child, always hungry, the whole family would be worried when it refuses to eat.4. Fred was quite exited about the event. He was down at the pigpen all the time. Because of his swollen joints, he moved about unsteadily. His face set ap.art the grass along the fence as he moved about. He was like a doctor, with his Jong, drooping ears dangling like a stethoscope, and he scrabbled on the ground as if he were prescribing some medicine.5. When things were ready for the closing of the pig, Fred became even more excited. With short legs and a long body, it managed to get through the fence and acted as if it was taking charge of the medical treatment.6. . . . 0ur procession was a serious and efficient one. Fred, who acted as the pallbearer, walked unsteadily in the back, though he was not qualified for that function. The sorrow of losing a family member was shown clearly in his face. The autopsy of the body's inwards was done right at the side of the grave. The intestines at the pig were first thrown into the grave, so the pig could lie exactly on those things that caused his death.7. . . . 1f a pig dies before he is supposed to, it is a serious matter for the whole community to remember. The whole community would share the sadness for his death.8. The purpose of this essay is to show that l am sorry for what has happened to my pig, since 1 have failed to raise the pig and cannot provide a reason why it didn't grow the way other pigs have grown,9. The pig's grave in the woods doesn't have a tombstone, but whenever somebody wants to visit it, Fred will show the way. I know Fred and I will often visit it, separate or together, when we need to ponder over problems or when we are depressed. And these days will be like memorial days, with the only difference of not hoisting the national flag.Lesson 91. This is perhaps because they only have places of birth, but not places where they feel at home and which they identify themselves with. But these girls are strongly influenced by their hometown, and the influence stays with them forever even after they leave their hometown.2. The brown girls try hard to repress their emotions and passions. However, these natural human emotions cannot be wiped out totally. Sometimes they will emerge and burst out. And they will develop, become stronger and stay with them So whenever and wherever this funk bursts out, the brown girls will do their best to stifle it.3. 1f his needs were physical, she could meet them. She could make him comfortable and give him enough or even more than enough to satisfy his physical needs.4. Geraldine had seen black girls like Pecola at many places and many times in the past.5. 0n the one hand, they (girls like Pecola) were ignorant and uncomprehending. They did not ask question why their lives were so miserable. On the other hand, as they were poverty-stricken and practically had nothing, their eyes revealed their desire for anything that could make their lives easier.6. 1n the eyes of these girls one can see that they were in despair, without any hope for the future, and that their life was nothing but a waste.7. As the girls were growing into young women, they had never worn girdles to make their figure look slimmer, and thus more elegant; and when the boys grew up, they just began to wear their caps with the bills turned backward to indicate that they had become adults.Lesson 101.As Saint George is a hero, the patron of arms, symbolizing chivalry, his image often appears on banners,and his name is often mentioned in the speeches of politicians (politicians often pay lip service to him).Saint George is used as a symbolic figure for political purposes. But John Bull is the tradesman and he delivers the goods we need in our daily life while making money at the same time.2.The English public schools have four unique features. First, all boys live in boarding houses. Second, sportsand games are organized and compulsory as part of the school curricula. Third, older students have special duties to help control younger students while the latter must do jobs for the former. Lastly, great emphasis is placed on good form and team spirit. These features enable the public school students to have disproportionately great influence.3.Pay attention to my use of the word "bankrupt", a word related to business. This reveals my identity as amember of the commercial nation, who would be careful and sensible enough to avoid any risks of failing to pay their debts.4.But my friend expressed his views as a member of the Oriental countries. They are nourished by a traditionof great generosity and richness, which is different from the English tradition of middle-class prudence.5.In this aspect, true love is different from material things such as clay or even gold which can be divided andtaken away. Yet, if we share true love, it will never diminish.6.In the above anecdote, I have become an example of the Englishmen for the moment. That put me in a highposition which makes me dizzy and is unfamiliar to me. I will now come down from that height and return to my role as your commentator on the characteristics of the Englishman.7.The Englishman's nervous system acts promptly and feels slowly. The combination of the two qualities isuseful, and anyone who has this combination is mostly likely to be brave.8.As literature is based on national character, there must be in the English nature hidden resources of passionthat have produced the great romantic literature we see.9.That kind of criticism is just like Bernard Shaw's attacks. It is nothing new and I'm used to these tricks andjokes; they won't do any harm to me.10.The Englishmen think they have a tolerant and humorous attitude toward criticism. In fact it is not so,because their attitude is limited by uncomfortable laughter, which indicates that beneath the surface of their tolerant humorous attitude they are uneasy. When they try to be humorous and brush aside criticism, they would titter and guffaw. Such uncomfortable laughter is a sign of uneasiness.11.1I have already made all my opinions known to you. What is said is said, and being diplomatic cannotunsay what has been said.。
高级英语第二册Paraphrase
高级英语第二册ParaphraseParaphraseLesson One1.We’re elevated 23 feet.-Our house has been raised by 23 feet in comparison with the past.2.The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.-The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3.We can batten down and ride it out.-We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4.The generator was doused, and the lights went out.-Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5.Everybody out the back door to the cars!6.The electrical systems had been killed by water.-The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7.John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.-As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8.Get up through this mess, will You?-Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9.She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away.-Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and the hervoice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10.Janis had just one delayed reaction.-Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension cause by the hurricane.Lesson Three11.And it is an activity only for humans.-And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings (animals and birds are not capable of conversation).12.Conversation is not for making a point.-Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or point of view. In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.13.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.-In a fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.14.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.-People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed ore ngrossed in each other’s lives.15.…it could still go ignorantly on…-The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.16.There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf).-These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef. The words “beef”comes from the French word “boeuf.”17.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building theirFrench against his own language.-The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.18. English had come royally into its own.-The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more.19. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by thelower -classes.20. The rebellion against cultural dominance is still there.-There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.21. There is always great danger that “word will harden into things for us.”-There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.22. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips andslides in conversation.-Even the most educated and literate people use non-standard, informal, colloquial English rather than standard, formal English in their conversation.Lesson Four23. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which ourforebears fought is still atissue around the globe, the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God.-Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.24. This much we pledge—and more.-This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.25. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided,there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.-Bond together we can accomplish a lot of things in the variety of joint ventures.Divided, we can do nothing because we cannot deal with the strong threat in disagreement and split apart.26. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.-We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.27. Our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced theinstruments of peace.-The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where theinstruments of war have far surpassed and exceeded theinstruments of peace. 28. …to enlarge the area in which its writ may run…-29. …before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanityin planned or accidental self-destruction….-before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place.30. …yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand ofmankind’s final war.-Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind’s final war.31. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign ofweakness,…-So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness.32. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.-Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the rightful things it can do. Let both sides try to use science to produce good and beneficial things for man instead of employing it to bring frightful destruction.33. …each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to itsnational loyalty.-Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country’s cause).34. With a good conscience our only sure reword, with history the final judge of ourdeeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our own.-With God’s blessing and help, let us start leading the country we love. Knowing that on earth we must do what God want us to do. Let history finally judge whether we have done our task well or not but our sure reward will be a good conscience, for we will have worked sincerely and do the best of our ability. Lesson Seven35. …boy and man, I had been through it often before.-As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had often traveled through the region.36. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.-But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.37. and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that itreduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.-The scene that we met the eye was terribly ugly and the whole region was so miserable and gloomy that it was unbearable. This dreadful scene (in a regionwhich produces through its industry the wealth to makeAmerican the richest and grandest nation) makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.38. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.-The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.39. They have taken as their model a brick set on end.-The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright.All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.40. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow,low-pitched roof.-These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.41. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past allhope or caring.-When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color ofa rotten egg.42. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity.-Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time.Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.43. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.-I have given Westmoreland the highest award for uglinessafter having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying. I came to the conclusion that Westmoreland had the most loathsome towns and villages only after visiting and comparing many places not only in the United States but also in other countries and after constantly praying to God for guidance.44. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become masterpieces ofhorror.-They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked. When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre one feels they must be the work of the devil himself. 45. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces ofhorror.-It is hard to believe that people people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.46. On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libidofor the ugly, as on other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful.-People in certain strata of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Christian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.47. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands.-These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of its type of mind.48. …they made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossiblepenthouse, painted a staring yellow, on top of it.-They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.49. Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth.-From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth. Lesson Eight50. However primitive and simple his method of work may be, by the very fact ofproduction, he has risen above the animal kingdom; rightly has he been defined as “the animal that produces”.-To whatever degree primitive and simple his method of work may be, because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed to a much higher level than all the other animals; so man has been correctly and justifiably defined as the animal that makes and manufactures things.51. Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independentbeing.-Work also sets man free from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.52. Whether we think of the beautiful paintings in the caves of Southern France, theornaments on weapons among primitive people, the statues and temples of Greece, the cathedrals of the Middle Ages, the chairs and tables made by skilled craftsmen, or the cultivation offlowers, trees or corn by peasants--all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill.-Every kind of work (utilitarian and artistic), no matter when it was done or who did it, provides an example of man applying his intelligence and his skill to change nature creatively.53. There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.-The worker finds pleasure in his work and through work he also develops his mind. Therefore, pleasure and work go together and so does the cultural development of the worker and his work.54. Work became the chief factor in a system of “innerworldly asceticism,” an answerto man’s sense of aloneness and isolation.-Work became, according to Weber, the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that soothed those who felt alone and isolated because of this ascetic life.55. Work has become alienated from the working person.-Work has been separated from the worker and the worker is not interested in it at all. Instead, he feels estranged from it or hostile to it.56. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful human activity.-Work helps the worker to earn some money; except this it is not an activity with much significance.57. because a pay check is not enough to base one’s s elf-respect on.-because just earning some money is not enough for a worker to establish hisself-respect.58. …most industrial psychologists are mainly concernedwith the manipulation of theworker’s psyche.-Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the worker’s mind.59. It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management,…-Better relations with the public will yield large profits to management.60. But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to completepassivity and receptivity.-The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a mere “high-minded” cover for the real, vulgar appeal to idleness and submissiveness.61. …he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.-The businessman gets the knowledge that the quality of his product doesn’t match what it should be. Conscious of the deception involved, he despises the goods he produces.Lesson Ten62. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to themiddle-aged and curious questionings by the young.-At the very mention of the Twenties, middle-aged people begin to recall it longingly and young people become curious and begin to ask questions about it. 63. The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.-Anyway, it was inevitable for American to discard Victorian gentility which upheld the middle-class respectability and affected refinement characteristic of Victorian England.64. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian socialstructure,…-The war only helped to speed up the collapse of the Victorian social structure. 65. But at the same time it was tempted, in American at least, to escape itsresponsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication and a pose of Bohemian immorality.-But at the same time, in America at least, the young people are strongly disposed to escape their responsibilities. They pretend to be worldly-wise and disregard conventional standards of behavior, drinking and breaking the traditional morality naughtily.66. Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making theirpleasures illicit,…-The young people found more pleasure in drinking because Prohibition made it a kind of adventure.67. …our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.-Our young men joined the foreign armies to fight in the war.68. …they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up”.-they wanted to take part in the adventure of war before it ended.69. …they had outgrown towns and families…-they could not adapt themselves to life in their hometowns and families anymore.70. … the returning veteran also had to face the sodden, Napoleonic cynicism ofVersailles, the hypocritical do-goodism of Prohibition, andthe smug patriotism of the war profiteers.-the returning veterans also had to face the stupid cynicism shown by the victorious allies in Versailles who acted just like Napoleon once did. They had to face Prohibition through which the lawmakers hypocritically expected to do good to the people. And they also had to face the self-content patriotic air of the war profiteers.71. Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”…-Under this pressure something in the young people, who were already very tense, had to break down.72. After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pensinflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center…-After the war, it was only natural the promising young writers whose thoughts and writings extremely opposed war, Babbittry and “Puritanical” gentility, should come in great numbers to live in the Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center.73. Each town had its “fast” set which prided itself on its unconventionality,…-Each town was proud that it had a group of wild unconventional people.。
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1.I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University ofKansas City. (Para. 1)I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University ofKansas City.2.I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school,but in a college and that at the end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. (Para. 2)I could have told him that he was now not getting training for a job in a technicalschool but doing a B.Sc. at a university.3.You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn’tjump the fence, or that your client doesn’t go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. (Para. 5)You have to take responsibility for the w ork you do. If you’re a pharmacist, you should make sure that aspirin is not mixed with poisonous chemicals. As an engineer, you shouldn’t get things out of control. If you become a lawyer, you should make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you lack adequate legal knowledge and skill to defend your client.4.Along with everything else, they will probably be what puts food on your table,supports your wife, and rears your children. (Para. 5)In addition to all other things these professions offer, they provide you with a living so that you can support a family—wife and children.5.If you are too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly proud of your own limitations, toaccept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer, or Einstein, you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy. (Para. 12)If you are too anxious to make money, too ignorant to see your limitations, then you couldn’t regard those great people’s minds as a gift to your humanity, and thus you can’t be a developed human.6.“Yes, different,” he snapped, angry with her resorting to this trick of repeating hiswords so that they sounded hypocritical. (Para. 16)“Yes, different,” he responded angrily and quickly and he hates it when she adopts this trick of repeating his words to make him sound false and mean.7.While he was at it, he decided, he might as well mop the floor. (Para. 42)When he was doing the housework at that time of the night, he had better clean the floor as well.8.He’d acted out of concern for her; he thought that it would be a nice gesture onher part not to start up the conversation again. (Para. 21)The husband had shown concern and care for his wife, and he hoped that she would show her concern in return by not continuing the unpleasant conversation.9.Washington, the city of form and rules, turned chaotic by a blast of real winter anda single slap of metal on metal. (Para. 1)With a sharp and loud noise, Washington, the neatly well-designed city of order was thrown into a terrible confusion.st Wednesday the elements, indifferent as ever, brought down Flight 90. And onthat same afternoon human nature—groping and struggling—rose to the occasion.(Para. 2)Last Wednesday, the bad weather, unconcerned about the consequences it might bring about as always, made Flight 90 fall down. On that same afternoon, human nature, groping for the flotation rings and struggling in the icy water, came to prove its greatness displayed in an unexpected tragedy.11.Of the four acknowledged heroes of the event, three are able to account for theirbehavior. (Para. 3)Only three out of these four heroes lived to tell people what they actually had done and how they had rescued the five survivors.12.On television, side by side, they described their courage as all in the line of duty.On television, they sat next to each other and said that i t’s their duty to be courageous enough to rescue people in the water.13.…. the one making no distinctions of good and evil, acting on no principles,offering no lifelines; the other acting wholly on distinctions, principles and, perhaps, on faith. (Para. 7)Nature has no moral standards. It works on no human principles. It cares nothing about the individual life of man; Man, on the other hand, has his moral standards of what is right and wrong. He must behave according to the moral principles and beliefs.14.In reality, we believe the opposite, and it takes the act of the man in the water toremind us of our true feelings in this matter. (Para. 8)Actually, the death of the man did not mean that human beings had lost the battle.In a moral sense, man had won because man’s courage to defy death was also a tremendous power. Therefore, what happened to this man in the water should fill us with pride rather than sadness.15.The man in the water set himself against an immovable, impersonal enemy; hefought it with kindness; and he held it to a standoff. He was the best we can do.(Para. 9)The man in the water fought against the indifferent and unmerciful nature; he fought with kindness; and he helped make the fight in which nature gain no advantage. He was the best representative of human beings.。