精读4 paraphrase unit5
现代大学英语精读4lesson5_text appreciation
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I. Text Analysis
Vic: Shall we tell them why you’re so fat? It’s
because you are greedy, isn’t it, Sharon? You eat too much. Eh? (Para. 18) Sharon: Yes, Mr. Parks. (Para. 19)
For reference
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I. Text Analysis
Theme
Man of the Moment is a play about, among other things, representation, truth, reality, hyper reality and hyper consumerism, above all, a meditation on fame and morality.
I. Text Analysis
Plot: seventeen years after the bank raid, the ex-bank robber and the hero are brought together againhas affected their lives.
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I. Text Analysis
Plot of the drama Scene of the drama Protagonists of the drama Conflicts of the drama Climax of the drama Writing techniques of the drama Theme of the drama
第四册精读paraphrase Unit1—5
Unit 11. Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left me out.英释：2. You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation. He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, useless for the rest of the morning.英释：You could hear that the fresh air had to struggle with difficulty to find its way to his chest, because he was unaccustomed to this as his lungs had been harmed by drinking. His body would lose balance and his face would become pale as a result of the unexpected visit of the wind. He would go back to his desk unsteadily and fall into the chair, unable to do anything for the rest of the morning.3. In this instance, he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring in the neck.英释:Mr. Houghton’s deeds told me that he was not ruled by thought, instead, he would feel a strong urge to turn his head and look at the girls.4. Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmen’s golf, as honest as most politicians’intentions, or as coherent as most books that get written.英释：Technically speaking, it is as skillful as most businessmen’s golf playing, as honest as most politicians’ purpose, and as consistent as most books’ content.5. They have immense solidarity. We had better respect them, for we are outnumbered and surrounded.英释：As they are everywhere and so daunting in number that we’d better not offend them.6. Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a hill.英释：Humans enjoy following the crowd as it can bring them peace, security, comfort and harmony, which is like cows eating grass on the same side of a hill.7. To hear our Prime Minister talk about the great benefit we conferred on India by jailing people like Nehru and Gandhi. To hear American politicians talk about peace and refuse to join the League of Nations. Yes, there were moments of delight.英释：Our Prime Minister was a hypocrite to say that the imprisonment of the two major leaders of Free-India Movement—Nehru and Gandhi—was good for India. The American politicians were dissimulators to talk about peace but refuse to join the League of Nations. Those moments made me feel happy.8. I slid my arm around her waist and murmured that if we were counting heads, the Buddhists were the boys for my money. She fled. The combination of my arm and those countless Buddhists was too much for her.英释：I slid my arm around her waist and whispered that if we were talking about number of people who believed in a certain religion, I believed the Buddhists were greater in number. My “indecent” behavior and the daunting number of the Buddhists scared her away.9. It was Ruth all over again. I had some very good friends who stood by me, and still do. But my acquaintances vanished, taking the girls with them.英释：What had happened to Ruth and me now happened again. Although some close friends of mine still stuck by me, my grade-one thinking scared away many of my acquaintances.Unit 21.Bella was the boarding-house lovely, but no one had taken advantage of the fact.英释：Bella was young and pretty and was seen as the beauty of the boarding-house, but no one had shown any particular interest in her.2.He possessed a brain, and since no one understood it when he used it, it was resented.英释：Mr. Penbury was wise, but no one in boarding-house liked him because of that. He was too smart for them, and everybody felt annoyed.3.But Mrs. Mayton never allowed more than three minutes to go by without a word; and sowhen the silence had reached its allotted span, she turned to Penbury and asked.英释：But Mrs. Mayton would not stand any silence for more than three minutes. So when no one spoke within three minutes, she lost patience and turned to ask Penbury.4.“Now, then, don’t take too long thinking of an answer!” glared Mr. Calthrop.英释：“Now, you must give you abili immediately, do not take time to make a story.” glared Mr. Caltrop.5.It found the spot all right.英释：The weapon went through his heart accurately.6.We all know you walk in your sleep.英释：Because you are a sleepwalker, we all know that.7.“But let me suggest that you give the statement to the police with slightly less emphasis.英释：“Mr.Smith, I would advise you not to put so much emphasis on your statement when talking to the police, otherwise you would arouse their suspicions about your story.”8.“No,” I answered. “I’ve come to cure it.”英释：“No,” I answered, “I have come to solve your problem of coughing.”Unit 31.Most students are usually introduced to the study of history by way of a fat textbook andbecome quickly immersed in a vast sea of names, dates, events and statistics.英释：Most students usually begin studying history through a thick textbook in which there are a great number of names, dates, events and statistics for them to remember.2.History, which seemed to be a cut-and-dried matter of memorizing “facts,” now becomes amatter of choosing one good interpretation from among many. Historical truth becomes a matter of personal preference.英释：People used to believe history study was just an effort of memorizing “facts.” Now history means different things to different people, because they choose the best description and interpretation according to their own preferences among those given by historians.3.They cannot help but feel that two diametrically opposed points of view about an event cannotboth be right; yet they lack the ability to decide between them.英释:They cannot help feeling that two absolutely opposite ideas about an event cannot both be correct, but they do not have the ability to judge which one is right.4.They will read of the interception of the “Zimmerman Note,” in which the German foreignsecretary ordered the German minister in Mexico, in the event of war, to suggest an alliance between Germany and Mexico whereby Mexico, with German support, could win back territory taken from Mexico by the United States in the Mexican War.英释：They will come across the historical interception of the “Zimmerman Note.”In that telegraph, the German foreign secretary gave order to German minister in Mexico and asked him to propose an alliance with Mexican Government in case there would be war and to promise that German Government would like to help Mexico win back the land that was taken away fromMexico by the US in the Mexican War.5.Can we eliminate all disagreement? If the state of our knowledge were such that it provided uswith a model of unquestioned validity that completely explained human behavior, we can.英释：We van get rid of all disagreements if our knowledge could give us a perfect model that completely explained human behavior. Unfortunately, such model does exist.Unit 51. He treated Nerys like—well, there were times when—not just me, you understand…We all could have done.英释：The man Nerys was engaged to left her after she had become disfigured. But before the bank raid, he behaved like a lover. Many man, not just me, could have done the same if we had engaged with her.2. This man…treated her as only a handsome man can treat a beautiful woman.英释：This man loved her only because she was beautiful. So he left her when she was no longer beautiful.3. We used to…When we were…英释:We used to love this music when we in love.4.I’m sorry.英释：I’m sorry about what happened to Nerys.5.Sorry. I didn’t mean to…英释：I didn’t mean to hurt you by offering money, because I know it’s impossible for us to compensate in any way for the distress and suffering that Nerys and you have gone through.6.Or is it because it’s us who are offering?英释：You don’t accept our help only because Vic was responsible for her suffering?7.You stick with him. You stick with Vic. If you’re looking for heroes.英释：You are with a hero if you are looking for a hero and that’s Vic rather than me, so don’t leave him.8.…and I love him so much, Mrs Parks, and I’m ever so sorry…英释：I love Vic very much. I feel guilty about this because Vic is your husband.9.Sharon, it’s a passing thing, I promise.英释：Sharon, I can assure you that this experience is transient and won’t last long. We all have the feeling when we are young.10.You never hear good about yourself, do you?英释：You never hear people speak ill of you, do you? People gossip about you.11.You know bloody well what you’ve done to her…英释：You know clearly that you have been hurting her.12.I am not being shouted at.英释：Beware of your manners. Stop shouting at me!13.If she dies, Vic, If that girl dies…英释：If Sharon gets drowned, you will be held responsible.14.Right. There is about to be some serious damage done, I can tell you…英释：I will make you pay what you have done to me. You will be punished for what you have done to me.15.No, Sharon, I’d rather you…英释：Sharon, you’d better not do anything. You have done enough to him.。
英语专业阅读教程第四册课后paraphrase的答案
英语专业阅读教程第四册课后paraphrase的答案Unit one passage two P61 Many children refuse to eat animal meat at first. They later become used to eating it because their parents try hard to persuade them to eat.2 There are two different and conflicting attitudes towards animals. They are carefully separated so that the existing and the essential contradiction between the two hardly causes trouble.3 Picture books and stories deliberately avoid presenting the real situation in our modern farms. Children, therefore, are kept from seeing the reality.4 The difficulty will be that non-vegetarian parents do not want to let their children know the gruesome side of the story, as they are afraid that their children will refuse to eat meat at meals because of their sympathy towards animals.5 Unfortunately, non-vegetarian parents will strongly disapprove of their children’sunwillingness to eat meat.Passage 3 P 161 When his animals are being experimented on, the act doesn’t take effect.2 Your experimenter is not refused to obey law.3 Researchers at Louisiana State University launched an eight-year, $2 million project funded by the Department of Defense. They use tools to hold cats firmly and then they remove cats’skulls and shoot them in the head.4 The experimenters claim that their purpose for this kind of experiment is to find a way of curing the brain-wounded soldiers so that they later can go back to military service.5 psychologists use medical operations to turn around the eyes of young cats.6 there is other evidence showing that cats were not adequately anesthetized while experimenters cut their eye muscles; animalexperimentation was done by people who were not trained and did not have licenses to operate on animals, and the mother cats was conflicted such great torture on by the experiments that they ate their babies.Unit 2 passage two P 331 now we can enjoy the benefits and list in what ways we benefit from his death.2 There must be some other benefits by fastening Harding into a chair in a tiny room and poisoning him to death with gas.3 not even people who are eloquently in supporting of executing people, such as Arizona Attorney Grant Woods, who attracts much public attention, believe that death penalty will keep people from committing crimes.4 but even killing a small number of murderers will have great impact on people5 perhaps the benefit got form killing Harding is not easy to see.Passage 3 page 381 her voice and her expression show that she is sometimes deep in sorrow and sometimes furious beyond her control.2 This sense of justice, like many other basic beliefs, is such a necessary element for us to maintain our psychological health that we take it too granted and hardly ever become aware of its existence, until one day it was severely violated.3 People’s opinions greatly differ as to what is the properway for correcting wrong behavior.4 Europeans are very passionate when coming to the issue of taking tough measures on political violence.Passage 4 page 441 carefully examined Tony’s bed to see if he had dirtied it with his body fluids.2 when I looked at the sickly old man, I couldn’t imagine that he used to be clean and neat, serious and determined, and that herobbed a bank and killed a cop.3 Many people in the underworld believed that Tony should have done something for his partner, but he did nothing, which badly hurts his partners. The underworld people believed Tony’s partners had been betrayed.4 words had gone around that T ony’s wife was murdered because the underworld people wanted to revenge against tony for the death of his three crime partners.5 The lights shining in the window made the hollows in his dark face look deeper, making him look like somewhat evil.Unit 5 passage 1 p1041competition plays such an important part in our culture that it is common to see even adults are screaming and swearing in the Sunday afternoon. This is ridiculous and I feel very bad about it..2 from my own experience, I don’t think we can d evelop deep and full relationship bytrying to compete and win against a common enemy.3 If my success means that I have to do better than others, I don’t think I will ever feel real satisfactory, because I have to keep thinking of how to outdo others, which was very unpleasantan exhausting.4 even when I reach the top position, I will not feel safe as all those below me are waiting to outdo me and trying to grab the position from me.5 I start to see that my confidence in my personal value and worth is depended on how much better I am than so many others in so many activities.6 only when we begin to realize that there is no such a thing as healthy competition can we begin to live more normal and richer lives.Passage 2 p1091 You knew that one had healthy self-esteem when he/she could enjoy competing in a hobbywhere he/she was not very good at.2 A true competition is one in which you don’t know for sure whether or not you will able to achieve your aim.3 For many of us, competition is an additional ingredient that keeps our life interesting, makes us alter and active and enables us to become more creative and productive.4 It can be a good part of our life and exerts a great influence on how we live.5 parents must also set an example of how to compete pleasantly in their own lives.Passage 31 competition can be fun, but we may be overenthusiastic and unreasonable about it.2 candidates who sit in a test performance in order to join certain bands can get undeniable violent and aggressive.3 feel free to find a gift in yourself develop it and embarrass those who dare to challenge you.4 if competition is not fun and people find themselves are extremely worried about an event which they are competing in. why not stop going through it?。
精读第四册一二课Paraphrase
Paraphrase in Lesson 11. Everybody, except me, was born with the ability to think.2. You could hear the wind was caught in his chest, and the fresh air had to struggle with difficulty to find its way to his chest because he was unfamiliar with this. He would be thrown off balance, and his face would turn pale. He would return unsteadily to his desk and fall down in his chair, unable to do anything for the rest of the morning.3. At that time, it seemed to me that he was not controlled by thought, and it was the working of his genes that compelled him to turn his head toward young girls.4. Practically, grade-three thinking is as incompetent as most businessmen’s golf, as dishonest with most politicians’ speech, as incoherent as most publications.5. Grade-three thinkers usually represent the great majority. We had better respect them because we are fewer in number and surrounded by them.6. It is human nature to enjoy agreement because it may bring peace, comfort and harmony, just as cows will eat the same part of grass as the same way as the others do.7. Our Prime Minister would talk about the great benefits we provided to India, while at the same time our government put people like Nehru and Gandhi into prison. American politicians would talk about peace, while meanwhile they refused to join the League of Nations. Yes, to see these ridiculous examples of grade-three thinkers, as a grade-two thinker, there is temporary satisfaction.8. I put my arm around Ruth’s waist quietly and said in a low voice that i f we took the number of people into consideration, I would bet the Buddhists were the greatest in number. She escaped because my touch and the thought of the great number of Buddhists were more than she could accept.9. What had happened to Ruth and I now happened again and again. I had some good friends who supported me and share the same belief with me. But my grade-two thinking frightened away many of my acquaintances.Paraphrase in Lesson 21. Bella was young and pretty and was seen as the beauty of the boarding-house, but no one had shown any particular interest in her.2. Mr. Penbury was intelligent, but no one in the boarding-house liked him for that. (He was too smart for them, and everybody felt annoyed.)3. But Mrs. Mayton would not tolerate any silence for more than three minutes. So when no one broke the silence within three minutes she lost her patience and, turning to Penbury and asked.4. Mr. Calthrop was urging Mr. Penbury to give an answer immediately so that he would not have the time to make up a story.5. The weapon went through Mr. Wainwright’s heart.6. We all know you are a sleep walker, so you may commit the murder in your sleep.7. Mr. Penbury advises Mr. Calthrop not to put so much emphasis on his statement when talking to the police if he does not want to arouse their suspicion about his story.8. “No,” Miss Wicks answered, “I have come to put an end to your cough.”。
现代大学英语精读5 第五课 Paraphrases and translations of professions_for_women
For words and phrases is the same: All the words and phrases in A and B on Page 76
1. Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children. Dream’ Children. 像查尔斯兰姆这样快乐和富有创新精神的 人物并不常见，他写了《古瓷》 人物并不常见，他写了《古瓷》和《梦中 的孩子》 的孩子》两篇文章，这两篇文章可以说解 放了散文。
2. Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. 那么，就读读下面这篇文章吧，它将向我 们展示逻辑并不是一门枯燥乏味、迂腐不 堪的学科；恰恰相反，逻辑是一门活生生 的事物，充满美丽、激情和心灵的创伤。
10. …you would go far to find a girl so agreeable. It is not easy to find a girl so agreeable. 11. I am nothing if not persistent. I am very persistent. 我要是意志不坚定，我就不是我了。 12. I frowned, but plunged ahead. 我皱了一下眉头，但鼓足勇气继续往下讲。
现代大学英语精读4第二版Unit 5A For Want of a Drink 课文原文
For Want of a DrinkWhen the word water appears in print nowadays, crisis is rarely far behind. Water, it is said, is the new oil: a resource long squandered, now growing expensive and soon to be overwhelmed by insatiable demand. Aquifers are falling, glaciers vanishing, reservoirs drying up and rivers no longer flowing to the sea. Climate change threatens to make the problem worse. Everyone must use less water if famine, pestilence and mass migration are not to sweep the globe.2.The language is often overblown, and the remedies sometimes ill-conceived, but the basic message is not wrong. Water is indeed scarce in many places, and will grow scarcer. Bringing supply and demand into equilibrium will be painful, and political disputes may increase in number and intensify in their capacity to cause trouble. To carry on with present practice would indeed be to invite disaster.3.Why? The difficulties start with the sheer number of people using the stuff. When, 60 years ago, the world's population was about 2.5 billion, worries about water supply affected relatively few people. Both drought and hunger existed, as they havethroughout history, but most people could be fed without irrigated farming. Then the green revolution,in an inspired combination of new crop breeds, fertilizers and water, made possible a huge rise in the population. The number of people on Earth rose to 6 billion in 2000, nearly 7 billion today, and is heading for 9 billion in 2050. The area under irrigation has doubled and the amount of water drawn for farming has tripled. The proportion of people living in countries chronically short of water is set to rise from 8% at the turn of the 21st century to 45% by 2050.4.Farmers' increasing demand for water is caused not only by the growing number of mouths to be fed but also by people's desire for better-tasting, more interesting food. Unfortunately, it takes nearly twice as much water to grow a kilo of peanuts as a kilo of soybeans, nearly four times as much water to produce a kilo of beef as a kilo of chicken. With 2 billion people around the world about to enter the middle class, the agricultural demands on water would increase even if the population stood still.5.Industry, too, needs water. It takes about 22% of the world's withdrawals. Domestic activities take the other 8%. Together, the demands of these two categories quadrupled in the secondhalf of the 20th century, growing twice as fast as those of farming.6.Meeting that demand is a difficult task. One reason is that the supply of water is finite. The world will have no more of it in 2025 or 2050 than it has today, or when it lapped at the sides of Noah's Ark. This is because the law of conservation of mass says, broadly, that however you use it, you cannot destroy the stuff. Neither can you readily make it. If some of it seems to come from the skies, that is because it has evaporated from the Earth's surface, condensed and returned.7.Most of this surface is sea, and the water below it—over 97% of the total on Earth—is salty. In principle, the salt can be removed to increase the supply of fresh water, but at present desalination is expensive and uses lots of energy.8.Of the 2.5% of water that is not salty, about 70% is frozen, either at the poles, in glaciers or in permafrost. So all living things, except those in the sea, have about 0.75% of the total to survive on. Most of this available water is underground, in aquifers or similar formations. The rest is falling as rain, sitting in lakes and reservoirs or flowing in rivers where it is, with luck,replaced by rainfall and melting snow and ice. There is also, take note, water vapor in the atmosphere.9.The value of water as a commodity of course varies according to locality, purpose and circumstance. Take locality first. Water is not evenly distributed—just nine countries account for 60% of all available fresh supplies—and among them only Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Congo, Indonesia and Russia have an abundance. America is relatively well off, but China and India, with over a third of the world's population between them, have less than 10% of its water.10.Even within countries the variations may be huge. The average annual rainfall in India's northeast is 110 times that in its western desert. And many places have plenty of water, or even far too much. Flooding is routine, and may become more frequent and damaging with climate change.11.Scarce or plentiful, water is above all local. It is heavy—one cubic water weighs a tonne—, so expensive to move. Surface water—mostly rivers, lakes and reservoirs—will not flow from one basin into another without artificial diversion, and usually only with pumping. Within a basin, the water upstream may beuseful for irrigation, industrial or domestic use. As it nears the sea, though, the opportunities diminish to the point where it has no uses except to sustain deltas, wetlands and to carry silt out to sea.12.These should not be overlooked. If rivers do not flow, nothing can live in them. Over a fifth of the world's freshwater fish species of a century ago are now endangered or extinct. Half the world's wetlands have also disappeared over the past 200 years. The point is, though, that even within a basin water is more valuable in some places than in others.13.Almost anywhere arid, the water underground, once largely ignored, has come to be seen as especially valuable as the demands of farmers have outgrown their supplies of rain and surface water. Groundwater has come to the rescue, and for a while it seemed a miraculous solution: drill a borehole, pump the stuff up from below and in due course it will be replaced. In many places, however, from the United States to India and China, the quantities being withdrawn exceed the annual recharge. This is serious for millions of people not just in the country but also in many of the world's biggest cities, which often depend on aquifers for their drinking water.14.The 20 million inhabitants of Mexico City and its surrounding area, for example, draw over 70% of their water from an aquifer that will run dry within 200 years, maybe sooner. Already the city is sinking as a result. In the Hai river basin in China, deep-groundwater tables have dropped by up to 90 meters.15.Part of the beauty of the borehole is that it requires no elaborate apparatus. A single farmer may be able to sink his own tube well and start pumping. That is why India and China are now perforated with millions of irrigation wells, each drawing on the common resource. Sometimes this resource may be huge. But even big aquifers are not immune to the laws of physics. Many places are seriously overdrawn. In those places, farmers probably have to pay something for the right to draw groundwater. But almost nowhere will the price reflect scarcity, and often there is no charge at all and no one measures how much water is being taken.16.Priced or not, water is certainly valued, and that value depends on the use to which it is harnessed. Water is used not just to grow food but to make every kind of product, from microchips to steel girders. The largest industrial purpose to which it is put is cooling in thermal power generation, but it isalso used in drilling for and extracting oil, the making of petroleum products and ethanol, and the production of hydroelectricity. Some of the processes involved, such as hydro power generation, consume little water(after driving the turbines, most is returned to the river), but some, such as the techniques used to extract oil from sands, are big consumers.17.Industrial use takes about 60% of water in rich countries and 10% in the rest. The difference in domestic use is much smaller, 11% and 8% respectively. Some of the variation is explained by capacious baths, power showers and flush lavatories in the rich world. All humans, however, need a basic minimum of two litres of water in food or drink each day, and for this there is no substitute. No one survived in the ruins of Port-au-Prince for more than a few days after January's earthquake unless they had access to some water-based food or drink. That is why many people in poor and arid countries—usually women or children—set off early each morning to trudge to the nearest well and return five or six hours later burdened with precious supplies. That is why many people believe water to be a human right, a necessity more basic than bread or a roof over the head.18.From this much follows. One consequence is a widespread belief that no one should have to pay for water. The Byzantine emperor Justinian declared in the 6th century that "by natural law" air, running water, the sea and seashore were "common to all." Many Indians agree, seeing groundwater in particular as a "democratic resource." In Africa it is said that "even the jackal deserves to drink."19.A second consequence is that water often has a sacred or mystical quality that is invested in deities like Gong Gong and Osiris and rivers like the Jordan and the Ganges. Throughout history, man's dependence on water has made him live near it or organize access to it. Water is in his body and in his soul. It has provided not just life and food but a means of transport, a way of keeping clean, a mechanism for removing sewage, a home for fish and other animals, a medium with which to skate and sail, a thing of beauty to provide inspiration, to gaze upon and to enjoy. No wonder a commodity with so many qualities, uses and associations has proved so difficult to organize.。
现代大学英语精读4lesson5_text appreciation
I. Text Analysis
Sharon comes up for air and props herself against the side of the pool breathlessly and strangely happy.ent
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Lesson 5—Man of the Moment
I. Text Analysis
Sharon: He just says I’m fat and I’ve got to get
thin and I’ve tried to get thin but I can’t get thin whatever I do because when he says he doesn’t love me I just keep eating because I’m so unhappy… and I love him so much, Mrs. Parks, and I’m ever so sorry… (Para. 93)
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I. Text Analysis
Trudy: You mustn’t do that, you know. He only
likes people who agree with him all the time. It comes of being surrounded by people who nod at him all day at work. He prefers us all to nod at home, too… (Para. 36)
good idea. Questions: • Why does Trudy behave warmly toward
大学英语精读第四册UnitFive内容分析
大学英语精读第四册UnitFive内容分析大学英语精读第四册Unit Five内容分析导语：很多医生都有这样的困境，说出病人的真实情况还是有所隐瞒，下面是一篇谈论这方面的英语课文，欢迎大家来阅读。
TextIs it ever proper for a medical doctor to lie to his patient? Should he tell a patient he is dying? These questions seem simple enough, but it is not so simple to give a satisfactory answer to them. Now a new light is shed on them.TO LIE OR NOT TOLIE—THE DOCTOR'S DILEMMASissela BokShould doctors ever lie to benefit their patients -- to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to expose corruption or to promote the public interest.What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation?Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide. As one physician wrote: "Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth's sake, and that is 'as far as possible do no harm.'"Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will "do no harm" and may well help their patients. They may prescribe innumerable placebos, sound more encouraging than the facts warrant, and distort grave news, especially to the incurably ill and the dying.But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be documented. Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: helps them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.Not only do lies not provide the "help" hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception; they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health, including the choice of whether to be patient in the first place. We are becoming increasingly aware of all that can befall patients in the course of their illness when information is denied or distorted.Dying patients especially -- who are easies to mislead andmost often kept in the dark -- can then not make decisions about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or have surgery; about where and with whom they should spend their remaining time; about how they should bring their affairs to a close and take leave.Lies also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well. The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously hones with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of "defensive medicine," and thus it injures, in turn, the entire medical profession.Sharp conflicts are now arising. Patients are learning to press for answers. Patients' bills of rights require that they be informed about their condition and about alternatives for treatment. Many doctors go to great lengths to provide such information. Yet even in hospitals with the most eloquent bill of rights, believers in benevolent deception continue their age-old practices. Colleagues may disapprove but refrain from objecting. Nurses may bitterly resent having to take part, day after day, in deceiving patients, but feel powerless to take a stand.There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception. Yet the public has every reason to be wary of professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to erode trust. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, "What you don't know can't hurt you."New Wordsdilemman. a situation in which one has to make a choice between two equally unsatisfactory things; a difficult choice 窘境，进退两难benefitvt. do good to 有益于recoveryn. the process or fact of getting back to a former state of good health; the state of recovering or being recoverd 痊愈;复得concealvt. hide, keep from being seen or known 隐瞒linen. a business, profession, trade, etc. 行业dwarfvt. cause to appear small by comparison 使矮小，使相形见绌n. a person, animal, or plant of much less than the usual size 矮小;矮小的动(植)物sheltervi. take shelter; find protection 躲避vt. provide shelter for; protect 掩蔽;庇护brutala. cruel, severeupholdvt. support 支撑;维护secrecyn. the practice of keeping secrets; the state of being secret exposevt. disclose; leave uncovered or unprotected 揭露;暴露corruptionn. dishonesty; immoral behaviour 腐化，道德败坏promotevt. help to grow or develop; raise in rank, condition, or importance 促进，推进;提升checkupn. a general medical examinationminimizevt. reduce to the smallest possible amount or degreegravityn. the quality of being serious critical 严重性confrontvt. meet face to face; oppose (勇敢地)面对;对抗urgentlyad. in an urgent manner 紧急地，急迫地urgent a.self-servinga. serving one's own interests; seeking advantage for oneself 利已的recovervi. get well; get back to a normal conditiondeterioratev. (cause to ) become worse (使)恶化suiciden. the act of killing oneselfphysiciann. a doctor of medicine 内科医生traditionallyad. by tradition; in a traditional mannerpreceptn. a rule of moral conduct; maxim 戒律;格言preceptvt. rise above or go beyond the limits of; surpass 超越virtuen. goodness or moral excellence; a good quality 美德;优点uttervt. speak; give outdeceptivea. deceiving or misleading; meant to deceiveinnumerablea. too many to be countedplacebon. substance given instead of real medicine to a patient for psychological effect 安慰剂warrantvt. justify; authorize; guarantee 使有(正当)理由;授权(给);担保distortvt. give a false account of; twist out of the usual shape 歪曲;弄歪gravea. serious; requiring careful consideration 严重的;严肃的'incurablyad. beyond cureillusorya. deceptive and unreal; based on an illusion 虚幻的deceptionn. deceiving or being deceived; a trick intended ot deceive 欺骗;诡计documentvt. prove or support with documents 用文件证明contrarya. completely different or wholly opposed 相反的;对抗的overwhelminga. too many, too great, or too much to be resisted 势不可挡的;压倒之势的betrayvt. be unfaithful to; deceive 背叛truthfula. truehumanelyad. tenderly, kind-heartedly 仁爱地;人道地toleratevt. allow or endure with protest 容忍advocaten. person who speaks for an idea, way of life, etc. 拥护者，倡导者benevolenta. intending or showing good will, kindly, friendly 仁慈的invadevt. enter (a country) with armed forces in order to attack; violate, interfere with 侵犯autonomyn. (the right of) self-government; freedom to determine one's own actions, behavior, etc. 自治(权);自主rendervt. cause to beinformeda. having knowledge or information; having and using suitable knowledge 了解情况的;有见识的concerningprep. about, with regard toincreasinglyad. more and more all timebefall( befell, befallen)vt. (use. sth. bad ) happen to (sb.) 降临到……头上integrityn. honesty or sincerity; wholeness 诚实，正直;完整credibilityn. the quality of being believable; trustworthiness 可靠性;可信colleaguen. an associate; fellow worker or member of a profession or organization 同事suspicionn. doubt; mistrust 怀疑deceitn. deception; a dishonest trick 欺骗undercutvt. undermine; weaken 暗中破坏;削弱scrupulouslyad. carefully; conscientiously 一丝不苟地spiraln. a curved shape which winds round; a continuous and expanding increase or decrease 螺旋(形);盘旋上升(或下降) lawsuitn. a noncriminal case in a court of law 诉讼(案件)injurevt. cause physical harm to; damagearise (arose)vi. move or go upward; come into existence 上升;出现billn. 法案;议案;账单alternativen. a choice between two or more things; any of the things to be chosen 抉择;可供选择的东西treatmentn. a substance or method used in treating someone medically 治疗;疗法eloquenta. having the power of expressing one's feeling or thoughts with grace and force 雄辩的disapprovevt. consider not good or not suitable; have or express an opinion against 不赞成refrainvi. hold oneself back; keep oneself (from doing sth.) 忍住;戒除objectvi. be against sth. or sb. 反对objection n.bitterlyad. sharply severelydeceivevt. cause (sb.) to believe sth. that is false 欺骗debatevt. argue about (sth.) in an effort to persuade other people 辨论issuen. a question that arises for discussion 问题;争端practitionern. a professional man, esp. in medicine or in law 开业者(尤指医生、律师等)consequencen. result; importance 后果;重要性avoidablea. that can be prevented from happeningwarya. cautious; in the habit of looking out for possible danger or trouble 谨慎的;谨防的erodevt. wear away; eat into 腐蚀sayingn. a well-known wise statement; proverb 格言;谚语Phrases & Expressionsgo on (a trip, vacation)depart for the purpose ofat timesoccasionally; now and then 间或;有时in one's eyesin one's opinionfor one's (own) sakefor one's own benefit 为了某人自己的利益slip intofall into; enter (esp. through carelessness) 陷入contrary toopposite to; despitein the first placefirstlyin the course of duringduringin the darkuninformed; ignorant 不知情，蒙在鼓里bring to a closeend 结束，终止take leave (of)say goodbye (to)in the long runin the end; ultimately 从长远的观点看;最终go to great lengthsdo anything possible, however dangerous, unpleasant, wicked, etc. 不遗余力refrain fromnot do , stopday after dayeach daytake a/ one's standdeclare one's position, loyalty, opinions, etc., and be prepared to fight (for these opinions, etc.)表明立场、意见等。
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paraphrase1，When the word water appears in print nowadays, crisis is rarely far behind.Paraphrase: Today, whenever people mention the word “ water” in books or newspaper, you know they are going to talk about water crisis.2，Water, it is said, is the new oil:……to be overwhelmed by insatiable demand. Paraphrase: Like oil, water, a natural resource, which has for a long time been stupidly wasted, is becoming an expensive commodity, and will soon be exhausted by the excessive consumption of humanity.3，Everyone must use less water if famine,……are not to sweep the globe.Paraphrase: All of us must use less water to avoid such disasters as famine, epidemic, and mass migration throughout the world.4，The language is often overblown, and the remedies……but the basic message is not wrong. Paraphrase: The language used in these books and articles are often exaggerated, and the solutions suggested sometimes do not sound sensible5，Bringing supply and demand into equilibrium……to cause trouble.Paraphrase: It is extremely difficult to balance people’s demand for more water and the amount of water that is available.6，To carry on with present practice would indeed be to invite disaster.Paraphrase: If people maintain their present lifestyle and continue wasting water the way they do, they would head for disaster.7，One reason is that the supply of water is finite.Paraphrase: One reason is that the amount of water available is limited.8，The world will have no more of it in 2025 or 2050……at the sides of Noah’s Ark. Paraphrase: In 2025 or 2050, the world’s water supply will be the same as it is today, or in the days of Noah.9，Flooding is routine, and may become more frequent and damaging with climate change. Paraphrase: Flooding has become a regular phenomenon, and become more frequent and destructive when climate changes.10，Scarce or plentiful, water is above all local…….and to carry silt out of sea. Paraphrase: Whether there is little or a lot of it, most importantly, water is found in particular areas, not everywhere on Earth11，As it nears the sea, ……wetlands and to carry silt out to sea.Paraphrase: As the river comes closer to the sea, its water becomes less and less useful exceptfinally to sustain deltas wetlands and to carry silt out to sea.12，The point is, though, that even within a basin water……in some places than in others. Paraphrase: However, the current issue is that even within the same basin, the values of water are different in its various places.13，…as the demands of farmers have outgrown their supplies of rain and surface water. Paraphrase: … as farmers need more fresh water than they can get from rivers, lakes and reservoirs as well as rainfalls.14，Part of the beauty of the borehole is that it requires no elaborate apparatus. Paraphrase: Obtaining water out of the ground by drilling deep holes is easy, requiring no complicated equipment.15，That is why India and China are now perforated……drawing on the common resource. Paraphrase: That is why millions of irrigation wells have been dug in India and China, both using the supply of water belonging to or shared by the whole community.16，But even big aquifers are not immune to the law of physics.Paraphrase: However, even big aquifers have limited storage of groundwater which sooner or later can be exhausted, which is determined by the laws of physics.17，But almost nowhere will the price reflect scarcity…Paraphrase: Many countries are faced with the problem of water shortage, but the resource is free almost everywhere. Its low price does not show the scarcity of it.18，Priced or not, water is certainly valued, and that value depends on the use to which it is harnessed.Paraphrase: Whether it is reasonably priced or not, water is a valuable resource, and the value is determined by the purpose it is made to serve.19，…and for this there is no substitute.Paraphrase: …and no other stuff can replace water.20，That is why many people believe water to be a human right,……or a roof over the head. Paraphrase: That is why many people believe that water is a right every human being is entitled to. It is a necessity more important than food and shelter21，From this much follows.Paraphra se: The belief that water is a human right… results in / leads to mant other consequences22，…has proved so difficult to organize.Paraphrase: … has proved so difficult for people to work out ways so that it is used sensibly andefficiently because this is bound to meet with opposition.。