四川省成都外国语学校2018_2019学年八年级物理上学期期中试题
2018-2019学年八年级(上)期中物理试卷(附答案)
2018-2019学年八年级（上）期中物理试卷一.单选题（25小题，每小题2分，共50分）1．（2分）正在考试的你，对周围环境进行了估测，正确的是（）A．第一次考物理，心情激动，心跳1次的时间约是0.1sB．监考老师在教室巡考，步行速度约为5m/sC．考试中大家静默答题，环境噪声大约是35dBD．空调温度25℃，感觉很舒适，判断人体体温大约是25℃2．（2分）机械运动是自然界最普遍的一种运动，如图所示的各种运动中，不属于机械运动的是（）A．行星转动B．鲜花怒放C．骏马奔腾D．枯叶飘落3．（2分）如图所示，用悬挂着的乒乓球接触正在发声的音叉，乒乓球会多次被弹开。
这个实验说明了（）A．发声的音叉在振动B．声音的传播不需要介质C．声音可以在真空中传播D．声音传播需要时间4．（2分）用温度计测量水温的操作如图所示，其中操作正确的是（）A B C D5．（2分）智能共享单车已然普及。
小华周末沿海岸线骑行。
以下列哪个物体为参照物她是静止的（）A．路旁的树B．他骑的单车C．海水D．地面6．（2分）如图所示，在学校运动会的开幕式上，小明表演了“威风锣鼓”节目，他时重时轻地敲击鼓面，这样做是为了改变鼓声的（）A．音调B．音色C．响度D．声速7．（2分）下列事例中的“小水珠”的形成属于熔化现象的是（）A．青草上的露珠B．冰凌上滴下来的水珠C．山间的薄雾D．壶嘴上方冒出的“白气”8．（2分）周末，小黄、小白和小青来到郊外，选择了一个合适场地，进行了一场有趣的运动比赛，小黄驾驶电瓶车以36km/h的速度前进，小白以10m/s的速度跑步前进，小青骑自行车，每分钟通过的路程是0.6km，则（）A．小黄速度最大B．小白速度最大C．小青速度最大D．三人速度一样大9．（2分）如图所示的声现象中，能说明声音传递能量的是（）A．蝙蝠靠超声波发现昆虫B．倒车雷达C．超声波清洗机D．真空罩中的闹钟10．（2分）在沙漠中，可以利用图所示的方法应急取水，此过程中发生的物态变化有（）A．熔化凝华B．凝固汽化C．汽化液化D．熔化液化11．（2分）短跑运动员在某次百米赛跑中测得5秒末的速度为9m/s，10秒末到达终点的速度为10.2m/s，则运动员在百米赛跑中的平均速度为（）A．10.2m/s B．10 m/s C．9.6 m/s D．9 m/s12．（2分）如图所示，“辽宁号”航母上起飞引导员佩戴有耳罩的头盔，目的是（）A．减弱飞机发动机噪声的传播B．防止次声波对人耳的伤害C．在人耳处减弱噪声D．减弱飞机发动机噪声的产生13．（2分）下面描述的自然现象，在形成过程中需要吸收热量的（）A．树枝雾凇B．山涧云雾C．冰雪消融D．草间露珠14．（2分）如图所示，图甲是小车甲运动的s﹣t图象，图乙是小车乙运动的v﹣t图象，由图象可知（）A．甲车速度大于乙车速度B．甲、乙两车都由静止开始运动C．甲、乙两车都以10m/s匀速运动D．甲、乙两车经过5s通过的路程都是10m 15．（2分）下列情况中是因为误差而引起结果不准确的是（）A．测量时物体的边缘未对准“0”刻度线B．刻度尺本身刻度不够精密C．观察时视线未能与刻度尺垂直D．读数时没有再估读一位数字16．（2分）测量一个乒乓球的直径，如图所示的几种测量方法中，正确的是（）A．B．C．D．17．（2分）如图是晶体和非晶体凝固或熔化时温度的变化曲线，属于晶体凝固的是（）A．B．C．D．18．（2分）在探究影响液体蒸发的快慢因素的实验中，如图主要用来探究（）A．液体蒸发的快慢与空气流动速度的关系B．液体蒸发的快慢与液体种类的关系C．液体蒸发的快慢与液体表面积的关系D．液体蒸发的快慢与液体温度的关系19．（2分）中国女科学家屠呦呦荣获2015年诺贝尔生理医学奖，她研制的抗疟药“青蒿素”挽救了数百万人的生命。
四川省成都外国语学校学年八年级上学期期中考试英语试卷
成都外国语学校2017-2018学年度上期初二半期考试英语试卷考试时间：听力30分钟+笔试120分钟Part A 80 scoresListening Test30 scoresⅠ. Listen to each sentence carefully and choose the correct response. Each sentence will be read only once.10 scores1. A. Germany B. PortugalC. SpanishD. Brazil2. A. The camera B. The saxophoneC. The video cassetteD. The computer3. A. In a theatre B. In a bankC. In a post officeD. In a restaurant4. A. It’s half an hour by car. B. It’s sixty pounds.C. It’s six o’clock.D. It’s very comfortable.5. A. Hello; do you want to play football nowB. Hello; where are youC. Hello; this is Tina.D. Hello; are you Maria6. A. She is married. B. She is from Portugal.C. She is a teacher.D. She is my classmate.7. A. Thank you. B. I’m an artist now.C.How about this afternoonD. I’m sorry to hear that.8. A. I’d like to have a rest now.B. I’d like some tea.C. I’d like some potatoes.D. I’d like to buy some cheese.9. A. It is Japanese.B.It is from Spain.C.It is a pizza.D.It is made of rice; potatoes and beef.10. A. Cheese.B.Thank you.C.What are you going to have todayD.You are so nice.II. Listen to the dialogues carefully and choose the correct answers. Each dialogue will be read twice.5 scores11. A. Tomatoes B. PotatoesC. Apple juiceD. A chicken sandwich.12. A. At five to nine. B. At twenty to nine.C.At five past ten.D. At five past nine.13. A. He is a marketing manager. B. He is an account manager.C. He is a doctor.D. He is a nurse.14. A. Onions; beef; lettuce; pepper and tomatoes.B. Onions; potatoes; pepper; lettuce and beef.C. Onions; tomatoes; pepper; carrots and beef.D. Onions; tomatoes; lettuce; beef and cheese.15. A. They’re green. B. They’re red.C. They’re blue.D. They’re black.III.Listen to the conversation carefully and choose the correct answers. The conversation will be read twice. 5 scores16.Where is Jenny nowA.In Beijing.B.In Xi’an.C.In Xinjiang.D.In Chengdu.17. Who is Jenny withA.Her mother.B.Her father.C.Her uncle.D.Her classmates.18. What is the weather like in XinjiangA. Sunny and foggy.B. Cold; dry and warm.C.Cold and windy.D.Rainy and windy.19. What is Jenny’s father going to doA.To phone Jenny’s mother.B.To have some grapes.C. To climb mountains.D.To visit beautiful places.20. Where does Jenny’s father want to goA. Beijing.B.Qingdao.C.The Blue Mountains.D.Britain.IV.Listen to the passage carefully and judge if it’s true or false. If it’s true;please write A. If it’s false;please write B. The passage will be read twice. 5 scores21. A man is standing by the road and eating an apple.22. The policeman and the man are both fat.23. The policeman can’t catch the man.24. The man is a bad man.25. The policeman runs after the man again because he wants to get thinner.V.Listen to the passage and choose the correct answers. The passage will be read three times.5 scores26. What is this message mainly aboutA.Some team players.B.A sports TV program.C.A basketball club.D.Two friends.27. How often do the members meetA.Once a week.B.Twice a week.C.Three times a week.D.Once a month.28. When are there sometimes matches for the team playersA.On Wednesday afternoon.B.On Saturday afternoon.C. On Friday evening.D. On Sunday morning.29. What should the player take to the hallA.A map.B.A watch.C.A ball.D.A coat.30. How much rent do the players spend on it each weekA.$10.B.$12.C.$14.D.$15.Written Test 50 scoresI. Multiple choice. 25’31.The company offers accommodation to all the people working for it.A. food and drinkB. places to live inC. food to eatD. main courses32.Lisa is a student of English.A. a student who likes EnglandB. a student who comes from EnglandC. a student who is interested in EnglishD. a student who studies English as her main job33.Actually; the delicious cakes are not made by myself. They’re from my friend.A. For factB. As we knowC. In factD. As matter of fact34.Excuse me. Can you say the question again; pleaseA. repeat the question againB. repeat the questionC. answer the question againD. pardon35.Peter thinks his new school has usual facilities; but the teachers there are fantastic.A. boringB. greatC. busyD. funny36.Thank you for_______me ______my math homework.A. helping; withB. help; toC. help; withD. helping; /37.The multimedia systems in classrooms are only available _______ the teachers in our school.A. onB. toC. withD. by38.It’s becoming more and more difficult to find _______; so people have to try very _______.A. a work; hardB. a job; hardlyC. work; hardlyD. jobs; hard39._______ name is Steven. _______ a baker and _______ job is to bake cakes and bread.A. His; He’s; hisB. He’s; His; he’sC. His; He’s; he’sD. He’s; He’s; his40.Those are ____________bedrooms. The bedrooms are just next to each other.A. Lily and Liz’sB. Lily’s and LizC. Lily’s and Liz’sD. Lily and Liz41._______ are asked to do our math homework again because we all did a terrible jobyesterday.A. Billy; you and IB. I; Billy and youC. You; I and BillyD. You; Billy and I42.A: Whose is this dirty old bookB: It _______ mine. My books are always neat and tidy.A: Oh It _______ Billy’s. Look There’s his name on the cover.A. can’t be; may beB. must be; may beC. may be; can beD. can’t be; must be43.There is _______ “u” and _______ “i” in the word “community”.A. an; anB. an; aC. a; anD. a; a44.My parents will take me to a famous place like ______ if I do well in the coming exam.A. Mount FujiB. the Big BenC. Eiffel TowerD. Great Wall45.Marco wants to rent an apartment _______; but he doesn’t like the one with _______.A. to live in; few furnitureB. to live in it; a lot of furnitureC. to live in it; much furnitureD. to live in; little furniture46.After work; many of the parents wait ____________ at the school gate every day.A. for their children to come outB. their children come outC. for their children come outD. their children to come out47.Because of the _______ policy 政策in China; a lot of families want to have _______ child.A. two-child; the otherB. two-children; anotherC. two-child; anotherD. two-children; other48.The flight provides the passengers in the first-class coach _______ delicious meals; snacksand comfortable beds.A. forB. withC. toD. /49.Look _______ stars _______ shining in the dark sky. That’s so beautifulA. A number of; isB. The number of; isC. The number of; areD. A number of; are50.Tiffany goes to a fitness center _______ to keep fit; while her roommate Cindy enjoysplaying the piano _______.A. at her leisure; in her leisure timeB. in her leisure time; in her leisureC. in her leisure; at her leisure timeD. at her leisure; at her leisure time51.Mr. Harris looks _______ today. He’s looking _______ at every student in his class; even thenaughty boys.A. happily; happyB. unhappy; happilyC. happy; unhappilyD. happy; happily52.It’s quite cold in the room. I’d like _________ to drink. I don’t want to get a cold.A. some hot thingB. hot somethingC. something coldD. something hot53.Banks are open from 9 in the morning to 5 in the afternoon _______ weekdays; but _______weekends they are open only in the mornings.A. at; inB. for; inC. on; atD. in; on54.If you are _______ all the time; you don’t have to go to bed late to _______ the exams.A. well-prepared; prepare forB. good-prepared; prepare forB. badly-prepared; prepare D. well-prepared; prepare55._____ more information; passengers can contact the air company _____ 0273 330016.A. With; byB. As; withC. By; atD. For; onⅡ. Cloze test. Fill in the blanks w ith the best choices to complete the passages. 10’What is American food You may think the answer is as easy as pie. To many people; American food means ___56____; hot dogs; fried chicken and pizza. If you have a “___57____ tooth”; you may think of apple p ies or chocolate cakes. But are these the only kind of food in AmericaExcept for Thanksgiving turkey; it’s hard to find a typical “American” food. The UnitedStates is a land of immigrants 移民. When people moved to America; they brought their ___58____ st yles with them. That’s why you can find food from all over the world in America. In some ways; Americans have taken foods from other ___59____as their favorites. They love ___60____ pizzas; Mexican Tacos and Chinese egg rolls.Americans are living a busy life today. Half-done dinners and fast food make cooking at home very ___61____. They also eat a lot of unhealthy “junk food” like potato chips; candy bars; fried chicken and so on. ___62____ other people prefer healthier eating habits. Some even go “all ___63____”. They don’t eat any food prepared with chemicals化学成分.American culture is a good example of the saying; “You’re ___64____you eat.” Different kinds of foods enjoyed in the US ___65____different personal tastes. However; no matter the food is from abroad or home; fast or not fast; unhealthy or natural; the style is all-American.56. A. sushi B. pasta C. noodles D. hamburgers57. A. salty B. sweet C. spicy D. sour58. A. cooking B. drinking C. singing D. living59. A. cities B. towns C. streets D. countries60. A. French B. English C. German D. Italian61. A. easy B. difficult C. strange D. special62. A. So B. Or C. And D. But63. A. nasty B. natural C. delicious D. unhealthy64. A. who B. that C. what D. which65. A. show B. have C. give D. includeIII. Reading Comprehension. 15’AA. get a movie ticket freeB. get some stamps freeC. get five hours of free parkingD. get 15% off when parking67. Buy one T-shirt at Fashion Menswear; you may get one ______ free.A. T-shirt of the same priceB. coat of a higher priceC. shirt of the same priceD. T-shirt of the same kind68. You can get a 15% discount on any books if you ______ at Maze Book Store.A．buy five children’s books B．buy some giftsC．show this coupon D．buy two novels69. If you want to have a free soft drink; you can go to __________.A．Maze Book Store B．Judy’s CaféC．Fashion Menswear D．the cinema70. If John spends 10 dollars on a full-price movie ticket on Tuesday; he can buy a second ticket for only _______.A．15 dollars B．10 dollars C．8 dollars D．5 dollarsBA man works on my farmhouse. One day; after a day’s work; his old truck doesn’t work. When I drive him home; he sits quietly.When we get to his house he asks me to come in to meet his family. When we walk to the front door; he stops at a small tree and touches the branches 树枝with both hands. When he is opening the door; he has a quite different look. He smiles and hugs his two small children and gives his wife a kiss.Later; he walks me to the car. When we pass the tree; I ask him about what he does at the little tree.“Oh; that’s my trouble tree;” he says.“I know I can’t help having troubles on the job; but those troubles aren’t for the house or for my wife and the children. So I put them down to the tree every night when I come home. Then; in the morning; I pick them up again.”“Funny thing is;” he smiles; “when I come out in the morning to pick up those problems; there aren’t as many as I remember putting down the night before.”71. The writer drives the man home because ___________.A. the man can not drive a truck at allB. the man asks the writer to his houseC. there is something wrong with the man’s truckD. the man works hard on the writer’s farmhouse72. What does the underlined word “them” meanA. Troubles.B. Branches.C. Children.D. Trees.73. What does the man do at the front doorA. He plants a a small tree.B. He puts his bag under the branches.C. He touches the small tree’s branches.D. He speaks to a small tree74. When the man goes to the tree the next morning; he usually ____________.A. takes some branches from the treeB. feels better than the night beforeC. starts to feel bad about his workD. talks to the tree for a while75. What can we learn from the storyA. Small trees help you with big problems.B. Don’t be unhappy when you’re in trouble.C. There aren’t any real problems in life.D. Don’t bring work trouble hom e to your family.CIt is quite strange that when you walk into a store; but you see no shop assistants inside. You pick up things and get ready to wait in line and pay. But it’s also odd that there’s no shopkeeper waiting for you to check out 结账. So what has happened to this storeWell; you may have come into Tao Café; a cashless store designed by Alibaba. The store sells drinks; fast food and snacks. 50 shoppers can go shopping in the store at a time. To get in and shop; people only need a smartphone with a Taobao app and an Alipay account.By scanning 扫描their Taobao QR code 二维码; shoppers can get into the store. The store has also got the information of all things and their places on the shelves. So when shoppers pick up the things they want; the store it self will can “watch” and “remember” their choice.When shoppers are ready to leave; they don’t wait in line to pay. Instead; they go through two checkout doors. Then the bills will soon be paid with a Taobao account through Alipay.According to Alibaba; the checkout machines can recognize 识别things of the store even when shoppers put them in pockets or bags. So it is almost impossible to take things away from the store without paying.76. The underlined word “odd” in the first paragraph probably means “_______”.A. interestingB. strangeC. usualD. different77. Tao Café is known as _____.A. a coffee shopB. a cashless storeC. an online storeD. a Taobao Maker Festival78. To buy things from Tao Café; you don’t need 需要________.A. a smartphoneB. a Taobao appC. an Alipay accountD. a WeChat QR code79. What is Paragraph 3 mainly aboutA. How to check out in Tao Café.B. Why Tao Café needs cameras.C. How Tao Café works.D. How shoppers find things easily in Tao Café.80. What can we know from the articleA. The old people would enjoy shopping in Tao Café.B. Lots of things will be lost in the cashless store.C. Tao Café will be the only place to shop.D. It saves people much time to shop at Tao Café.Part B 70 scoresI. Fill in the blanks according to the correct forms of the given words. 15’1.The dishes in that restaurant are tasty but the prices are quite ___1___ reason. I don’t thinkI’ll go there again.2.On New Year’s Day; people often hold different activities to welcome the ___2___ arrive ofthe new year.3.The book ___3___ call Harry Potter is her favorite.4.He’s so good at fixing the electrical equipment that his neighbours all think him an___4___electricity; but actually he’s an artist.5.Would you like ___5___ travel with us to south Africa this winter vacation6.The quick development of smart phones and APP makes it easier for people to learn about___6___ photograph; the art of taking photos.7.I have a few hobbies;______7_______include swimming and playing the guitar.8.As a businesswoman; she often ___8___ fly to other countries.9.Our teachers spend most of their break time at the office ___9___ check our exercise-books.10.Will you study ___10___ as your second foreign language Spain11.With these soft cushions; the old man sits ___11___ in the armchair. comfortable12.At the moment; the twin sisters ___12___ each other tightly after being away for years. hug13.To have her own life; the famous actress never talks about her ___13___ status. marry14.As ___14___ from China; we should behave well when we travel to a foreign country. visit15.It’s important for you ___15___ your passport with you when travelling abroad. takeII. Pattern shift. 10’16.Women less than 20 years old can’t get married in law in China.= Women _______ 20 years old can’t get married in law in China.17.Flight AF402 is going to take off immediately.= Flight AF402_________ __________ ___________take off.18.How much are the cassettes=_______ _______ _______ _______ the cassettes19.His passport is in his handbag; _______ _______ Ask a tag question.20.Alan’s got some posters to take when he moves to a new house. Change it into a negativesentence.21-25: Raise a question to the underlined part.21.It’s about half an hour by subway from my school to the city centre.22.The boy earns pocket money by washing dishes after meals at home.23.There are three loaves of bread on the bread board.24.The games room with a billiard table is on the ground floor.25.Frank enjoys talking with customers at his shop.III. Find the only mistake in each line and correct them. 5’This is Anna’s bedroom. It’s not vey big; and it’s 26. _______________very bright and clean. Anna tidy her room every day. 27. _______________There is a table opposite the door and on the table is 28. _______________some beautiful flowers and useful books. As you see;there’s also a big picture for Anna on the wall. She’s 29. _______________smiling sweetly in it. Over a picture is a round clock. 30. _______________Anna likes her bedroom very much.IV. Fill in the blanks according to the texts and the first letters given. 20’In our new English book Look Ahead; we meet different people in Britain.●James is from I____31____. He is in London to start a new job with MAP A____32____.Tom Hall is his boss and Rita is Tom’s s____33____; while Julia is an account m____34____ like James. They are all very f____35____ to him. But he’s got some problems with his hotelb ecause there isn’t a car park for his car. And there are no s____36____ facilities. He wantsto live in his own f____37_____.●Maria; however; enjoys living in Eldon House. It’s a hostel for i____38____ students; whichis only ten m____39____ walk from the station in central Brighton. Maria lives in a big bedroom. It hasn’t got a p____40____ bathroom; but there’s one opposite her room. It’s close and convenient.●Graziella from S___41___; is also a student of English like Maria. But she lives with the Gayfamily as a g___42___. Pauline and Sean Gay are m___43___ with two d___44___ called Hannah and Ella.●If you want to have a t___45___ of Italian food in the U.S.; Frank MacKondy’s t___46___food shop is a good choice. It sells h___47___ Italian food and all kinds of sandwiches;which can all be s___48___ hot or cold. And the s___49___ in his shop is the party sandwich which is big e___50___ for thirty people.V. Choose 10 from the 12 words in the box to complete the passage with their proper forms.Mrs. Brown is very fat. “Don’t eat meat____51____”;her doctor says to her. “I ____52___her eating them; doctor.”Her husband says.The next morning; Mrs. Brown___53____a nice cake for Mr. Brown; and her husband eats ___54___of it . After he goes out ;Mrs. Brown cuts a very small ___55___of the cake and eats it . It is very good . Then she cuts a bigger piece and eats it __56____. In a few minutes she finishes the cake.“My husband is going to be very___57____.”she says.“What am I going to do ”She makes another cake very quickly; eats half of that; and ____58___half on the ___59____ . Her husband comes back later .He sees the half of the cake on the table and he is very ___60 ____.VI. Writing. 10’As Thanks-giving Day 感恩节is arriving; do you have anyone you want to say “thanks”to Now write a composition with 100 to 120 words about Thanks-giving Day. The following points should be included.1. A title.2. What do you know about Thanks-giving Day3. Who do you want to thank on this year’s Thanks-giving Day and why Give at least tworeasons.4. How are you going to show your thanks Write at least two ways.5. What do you think of your plan 计划for this Thanks-giving Day成都外国语学校17-18学年上初二期中英语考试答案Part A 80’听力：1-5 CBDAC 6-10 CDBCA 11-15 BACAB 16-20:CDBCC 21-25:BABBA 26-30:CADDB笔试：I. Multiple C hoice. 25’31-35 BDCBB 36-40 ABDAC 41-45 DDCAD46-50 ACBDA 51-55 DDCADII. Cloze. 10’56-60 DBADD 61-65 ADBCAIII. Reading Comprehension. 15’66-70 CACBD 71-75 CACBD 76-80 BBDCDPart B 70’I. Fill in the blanks according to the correct forms of the given words. 15’1.unreasonable2. arrival3. called4. electrician5. to travel6.photography7. including 8. flies 9. checking10. Spanish 11fortably 12. are hugging13. marital 14. visitors 15. to takeII. Pattern shift. 10’16.under17.is about to18.What’s the price of19.isn’t it20.Alan hasn’t got any posters to take when he moves to a new house.21.How far is it from your school to the city centre/center22.How does the boy earn pocket money at home23.How much bread is there on the bread board24.On which floor is the games room with a billiard table / Which floor is the games room witha billiard table on25.What does Frank enjoy doing at his shopIII. Find the only mistake in each line and correct them. 5’26.and---but 27. tidy---tidies 28. is---are 29. for---of 30. a picture---thepictureIV. Fill in the blanks according to the texts and the first letters given. 20’31. Ireland 32. Advertising 33. secretary 34. manager35. friendly 36. sports 37. flat 38. international39. minutes’40. private 41. Switzerland 42. guest43. married 44. daughters 45. taste 46. takeaway47. homemade 48. served 49. speciality 50. enough V. Choose 10 from the 12 words in the box to complete the passage with their proper forms. Each word can be used only once. 10’51.again 52.will stop 53.makes 54.half55.piece 56.quickly 57.angry 58.leaves59.table 60.happyVI.. Writing. 10’As Thanks-giving Day is arriving; do you have anyone you want to say “thanks” to Nowwrite a composition with 100 to 120 words about the Thanks-giving Day. The following pointsshould be included.1. A title. 1’2. What do you know about Thanks-giving Day 1’3. Who do you want to thank on this year’s Thanks-giving Day and why Give at least tworeasons. 3’4. How are you going to show your thanks Write at least two ways. 2’5. What do you think of your plan for this Thanks-giving Day 1’结构及用词：1’卷面及字迹：1’。
四川省成都外国语学校2018-2019学年七年级上学期半期考试数学试题(pdf版)
成都外国语学校2018--2019学年度上期期中考试初一数学试卷命题人：左宗余审题人：左宗余注意事项：1、本试卷分A卷(100分)和B卷（50分）两部分；2、本堂考试120分钟，满分150分；3、答题前，考生务必先将自己的姓名、考号填写在答卷上，并用2B铅笔填涂考号和选择题；4、考试结束后，将答题卷交回。
A卷（100分）一．选择题（每小题3分，共30分）1．在﹣1，15，﹣10，0，﹣（﹣5），﹣|+3|中，负数的个数有（）A．2个B．3个C．4个D．5个2．下列计算正确的是（）A.6b﹣5b=1B.2m+3m2=5m3C.﹣2（c﹣d）=﹣2c+2dD.﹣（a﹣b）=﹣a﹣b3．共享单车为市民短距离出行带来了极大便利．据2017年“深圳互联网自行车发展评估报告”披露，深圳市日均使用共享单车2590000人次，其中2590000用科学记数法表示为（）A．259×104B．25.9×105C．2.59×106D．2.59×1074．在，x+1，﹣2，，0.72xy，，中单项式的个数有（）A．2个B．3个C．4个D．5个5．a、b、c三个数的位置如图，下列结论不正确的是（）A．a+b＜0B．b+c＜0C．b+a＞0D．a+c＞0 6．如图中，是正方体的表面展开图的是（）A．B．C．D．7．已知﹣a+2b+8=0，则代数式2a﹣4b+10的值为（）A．26B．16C．2D．﹣68．小强购买绿、橙两种颜色的珠子串成一条手链，已知绿色珠子a个，每个2元，橙色珠子b 个，每个5元，那么小强购买珠子共需花费（）A．（2a+5b）元B．（5a+2b）元C．2（a+5b）元D．5（2a+b）元9．已知M是一个五次多项式，N是一个三次多项式，则M﹣N是一个（）次整式A．5B．3C．小于等于5D．210．现有以下五个结论：①正数、负数和0统称为有理数；②若两个非0数互为相反数，则它们相除的商等于﹣1；③数轴上的每一个点均表示一个确定的有理数；④绝对值等于其本身的有理数是零；⑤几个有理数相乘，负因数个数为奇数则乘积为负数．其中正确的有（）A．0个B．1个C．2个D．3个二．填空题（每小题3分，共15分）11．如果|a+1|+（b﹣3）2=0，那么a﹣b的值是．12．用一平面去截一个正方体，得到的截面形状中最多是边形．13．一商店把彩电按标价的9折出售，仍可获利20%，若该彩电的进价是2400元，则彩电的标价为元．14．有理数a、b、c在数轴上的位置如图所示，化简|b+a|﹣|b﹣c|+|a﹣c|的结果是．15．已知长方形的长为4cm，宽3cm，现将这个长方形绕一边所在直线旋转一周，则所得到的几何体的体积为cm3。
2023-2024学年四川省成都实验外国语学校八年级上学期期中英语试卷
2023-2024学年四川省成都实验外国语学校八年级上学期期中英语试卷1. Hearing such ________ exciting news, Sally can’t help jumping up and down in excitement!A．a B．an C．/2. —How is Helen in the new school?—She is doing well. There is ________ to worry about.A．something B．everything C．nothing3. —________ do you have a sports meeting?—Every year there’s a sports meeting in our school.A．How long B．How often C．How many4. Just be ________. You can’t make such great progress in a day. It takes time.A．comfortable B．meaningful C．patient5. —I think Anna sang ________ than Julie.—You’re right, but Julie danced ________ than Anna.A．more clearly; better B．more loudly; beautifully C．the most clearly; better 6. At first, I found the story very ________, but when I read on, I became ________.A．boring; more interested B．interesting; less bored C．excited; more boring 7. — Why do you ________ wear this pair of shoes?—Because they’re the most comfortable of all my s hoes.A．always B．hardly ever C．sometimes8. —Have you ever been to Beijing?—Of course. Actually, I ________ there for six years but now I live in Zhenjiang.A．worked B．work C．am working9. —I ________ with my family last weekend. We all had a great time.—That’s nice. Doing outdoor sports makes us healthy.A．took some photos B．rode bicycles C．went to the cinema 10. —Shall we go to the movies or stay at home?—Either is OK. ________.A．Come on B．It’s up to you C．No problemPeople with pets at home often think they know a lot about their pets. _______, that is not the fact.A new study finds that dogs are nervous when they hear _______. And many pet owners don’t even notice this.“Ginny was a very _______ dog. But one day she began to act very strangely. She looked nervous, and even _______ eating for days,” says Emma Grigg. “Later, I found it was because of the noises from a smoke detector (烟雾报警器) in another part of the house. When the sound stopped, Ginny became _______ soon.”Scientists found that high-frequency (频率) noises like the noises from a smoke detector can make dogs nervous more easily than low-frequency noises like the noises from a vacuum.11.A．So B．And C．However12.A．music B．noises C．sounds13.A．friendly B．strong C．noisy14.A．kept B．stopped C．liked15.A．normal B．happy C．excitedReaders is a popular TV show in China. It invites different people to _______ aloud on the stage. The show also _______ the moving stories behind those people. They can read everything, like poems, books, and _______ .By reading aloud, the words on the paper come to life. Many people are fans of the _______. They begin to enjoy reading aloud at home. Now, the show gives people a _______ place to read across China. It is a reading pavilion (朗读亭). It _______ in cities including Shanghai, Hangzhou and Xi’an.Let’s have a look! The pavilion is not very _______ . Only one person can come into it each time. There is a microphone (麦克风) in it and it records people’s _______ . Everyone can read for three minutes in it. You can read _______ you like. The show will pick some of the ________ and invite them to read on TV.People of all ages read in the pavilion. “Reading should be just like singing and talking,” said Dong Qing, the host and producer of the show. “We can express our true feelings by reading aloud.”16.A．sing B．read C．speak17.A．tells B．talks C．introduces18.A．movies B．letters C．games19.A．film B．song C．show20.A．sad B．special C．usual21.A．brought out B．went past C．showed up22.A．big B．small C．interesting23.A．voices B．faces C．smiles24.A．anything B．something C．everything25.A．singers B．readers C．speakersRead the passage and judge the statements true or false. If it’s true, please choose “A”; if it’s false, please choose “B”.Every year, in late March or early April, a boat race takes place on the Thames River, England. This boat race is an event between the two most famous and also the oldest universities in Britain—the Oxford and the Cambridge.The idea for the boat race between the universities came from two friends—Charles Merivale, a student at Cambridge, and his friend Charles Wordsworth who was at Oxford. They decided to setup a boat race between the two universities. On March 12, 1829, Cambridge sent a challenge to Oxford first.When the first boat race took place in a small town by Thames, eight students from each university became the competitors. Crowds of twenty thousand traveled to watch. It was so exciting. And the Oxford was clear winners. Later on, not only did the students from the two universities take part, but also some social groups attended the event. By 1845, with the small town becoming too crowded, the boat race had moved six miles up to the village-Putney. From 1856 on, the race has been held every year except war years. This boat race is considered to be “the world’s oldest sporting challenge”.The race is four and a quarter miles in just 20 minutes and the competitors often face difficulties. It usually takes six months for the two teams to prepare for the big days. In the past, the Oxford was mostly the winners. But things have changed from 1993 on. The Cambridge has won more.26. The boat race takes place between the Oxford and the Cambridge.27. On March 12, 1829, Oxford sent a challenge to Cambridge first.28. There were twenty students competing in the first boat race.29. From 1856 on, the boat race has been held every year with no stop.30. It usually takes six months for the two teams to prepare for the boat race.Reading comprehensionMany people don’t think that TV shows are educational. It is true that lots of shows are meaningless. However, some shows are good and we can learn many things from them. Here are a few of my favorite shows.The Great British Bake OffFrozen Planet31. The writer watched Blue Peter ________ when he was a child.A．three times a week B．twice a week C．three times a month 32. ________ might be most interested in the show The Great British Bake Off.A．Someone who is interested in British cultureB．Someone who is trying to save animalsC．Someone who is interested in cooking33. If Sarah likes animals, she can watch ________.A．Blue Peter B．The Great British BakeOfC．Frozen Planet34. According to the passage, we can know ________.A．Pointless is a knowledge quiz only about sportsB．Blue Peter tells about different countries around the worldC．the writer always watches The Great British Bake Off online35. The passage is mainly written for ________.A．children B．teachers C．TV loversThe weather is getting hotter. You are thirsty after playing basketball or riding home from school. A cold drink maybe just the thing. But be careful about what you are drinking. Something that looks cool may not be good for your health.There are plenty of “energy drinks” on the market. Most of them have beautiful colors and cool names. The lists on them tell you they are helpful to your health. Sounds great! But after a careful check, you may find that most energy drinks have lots of caffeine (咖啡因) in them. These drinks are especially aimed at young people, students, busy people and sports players. Makers sometimes say their drinks make you better at sports and can keep you awake. But be careful not to drink too much.Caffeine makes your heartbeat fast. Because of this, the International Olympic Committee has limited its use. Caffeine in most energy drinks is at least as strong as that in a cup of coffee or tea.Possible health dangers have something to do with energy drinks. Just one box of energy drink can make you nervous, have difficulty sleeping and can even cause heart problems. Scientists say that teenagers should be stopped from taking drinks with a lot of caffeine in them.So we should stay away from the energy drinks to keep healthy.36. Many people like drinking energy drinks because ________.①they have beautiful colors and cool names②they have lots of caffeine③they can keep them awake and better at sports④they are said to be helpful to healthA．①③④B．①②③C．②③④37. The underlined word “limited” means ________.A．disliked B．helped C．stopped38. From the passage we can know that ________.A．energy drinks are helpful to teenagers’ studyB．energy drinks are especially aimed at teenagersC．sports players need to drink a lot of energy drinks39. What is the structure of the passage?A．B．C．40. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A．Energy Drinks—Sportsmen’s best choiceB．Energy Drinks—Good for HealthC．Energy Drinks—Be careful41. This is t________ English weather—one minute it’s raining and the next minute the sun is shining.42. People in Beijing don’t like this famous and expensive dish, but it is especially popular ins________ China.43. No one can dance as b________ as she does. The audiences are all amazed by her movement, thinking she may be a real butterfly.44. After his volunteer work in the hospital, he c________ to be a doctor and his mum felt very proud of him.45. My red balloon,Flies up, up, to the sky.I jumped up high,To r________ the sky.Fill in the blanks according to the texts we’ve learnt.We want to know how the students think of their friends. So we interviewed two students. Here are their opinions. According to Huang Lei, he thinks it’s not n 46 to be the same as his friends. He takes his friend Larry as an example. Although Larry is quite d 47 from him, he is still his best friend. He thinks Larry often b 48 out the best in him. Since Larry is l 49 hard-working, Huang Lei thinks he should help him get better g 50 . Mary Smith doesn’t c 51 if her friends are the same or different. Her best friend Carol is not only kind but also the f 52 person she ever knew. She remembered that she broke her leg but Carol made her l 53 . One of Mary’s favourite s 54 is that, “ A true friend reaches for your hand and t 55 your heart.” So she thinks Carol is a true friend to her, no matter how different they are.A: Hi, Mary. I hear that you are in a new school this term(学期). I 56 how your school life is this term. Can you tell me about it?B: Well, I have to say that this term is quite 57 for me. We’re busy with all the subjects on weekdays, you know. I can 58 spend any time relaxing myself.A: Oh, it seems that you’re having a hard time.B: Not really. Although I’m busy every day, I still feel quite happy in the new school. During the past two months, my classmates 59 me in many ways. Because of them, I even made great progress in English. And you know that I wasn’t very 60 before, but now I quite enjoy talking with people, even strangers.A: Wow! I’m so happy for you. How do you spend your weekends then?B: At the weekend, my family usually have some outdoor 61 , like hiking, cycling or rock climbing. We like getting close to nature to enjoy the blue sky and fresh air. Last week my family went 62 in the west of Sichuan. Although it was a bit cold to sleep in the tent at night, we had fun watching the stars.A: You’re really lucky! Last time we went there, the weather was terrible. The next morning, it started to rain. On the way home, we saw landfalls(山体滑坡)in many places. Actually, we were a bit 63 at that time. It was really dangerous to drive through the mountains in summer.B: Yeah. I still remember the landfall in a small village in Maoxian last year. More than 100 people lost their lives in that 64 . No one could expect such a thing to happen in that beautiful place.A: Yeah, so if we want to go somewhere to have fun, we must 65 a safe place carefully.Choose 10 from the 12 words in the box to complete the passage with their proper forms.Each word can be used only oncebeginning big complete decision hobby I ill notice one stop volunteer wonderWhen I signed up (报名) 66 at a hospital last year, I didn’t have any expectations (期望). I 67 to do it mainly because my friends were doing it.On my 68 day, I was given a tour of the hospital. I was then told to stand next to an information sign and answer every question that came my way.On the third day, I 69 a wheelchair speeding (加速) in my direction. A young boy of about six with one of the 70 smiles that I had ever seen was sitting in it. The boy 71 in front of me and said, “Who are you? You’re in my hospital and I don’t even know you!” This boy’s smile 72 made me relaxed. I introduced 73 and explained that I was new. Then, he 74 to tell me about his medical history, his favourite football player and other things about his life. From our talk, I knew he was there for his weekly check-up. He wasn’t afraid of being in hospital because he believed the doctor would cure his legs at last. Our talk changed my view of young children, 75 and hospitals.It was this experience that made me decide to be a volunteer there, and also led me to study medicine at university. Volunteering might not do the same thing for everyone, but it was a life-changer for me.Reading Choose five of the sentences from the box and put them back to complete the passage.Your body needs many things to stay healthy. 76 And there are many kinds of exercise. You probably get exercise without even thinking about it. You might go for a walk or a run. Or you might dance. Dancing is a great way to exercise with your family. 77 And you might swim, climb mountains or play tennis. You might ride a bike or go skating. All of these activities are good for your body.Exercise helps your body keep working in the right ways. It makes your heart and other muscles (肌肉) grow stronger. 78 This helps you stay at a healthy weight. Exercise even helps your brain get more oxygen (氧气), so you can think better. If you exercise each day, it can help you feel yourself best.79 The experts say children should exercise for 60 minutes each day. You don’t have to do it all at one time, however. You can do push-ups in the morning, play hide-and-seek at breaks, and then ride your bike with your friends after school. It all adds up! 80完成图表。
四川省成都外国语学校2014-2021学年高一上学期期中物理试卷 Word版含解析
四川省成都外国语学校2022-2021学年高一上学期期中物理试卷一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题4分，共52分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，有一个或一个以上选项符合题目要求，全部选对得4分，选不全得2分，有选错或不答的得0分．1．（4分）2022年2月27日上午10时，我国海军第十一批护航编队从青岛胶州湾某军港解缆起航，奔赴亚丁湾、索马里海疆执行护航任务，经过5000多海里的航行，于3月15日晨抵达目的地，关于此次航行，下列说法不正确的是（）A．当争辩护航舰艇的运行轨迹时，可将其看做质点B．“5000多海里”指的是护航舰艇的航行位移C．“5000多海里”指的是护航舰艇的航行路程D．题中数据“2月27日上午10时”和“3月15日晨”指的是时刻2．（4分）下列关于速度和加速度的说法中，正确的是（）A．物体运动速度转变越大，加速度肯定越大B．物体加速度的方向和速度转变方向可能相同，也可能相反C．物体加速度越来越小，速度肯定越来越小D．物体运动速度转变越快，加速度肯定越大3．（4分）足球以10m/s的速度飞来，运动员把它以10m/s的速度反向踢出，踢球时间为0.2s，设球飞来的方向为正方向，则足球在这段时间内的速度转变与加速度分别为（）A．0、0 B．0、100m/s2C．﹣20m/s、﹣100m/s2D．20m/s、100m/s24．（4分）A、B两物体在同始终线上从同一位置开头计时的速度图象，如图中的A、B所示，则由图可知，在0﹣t2时间内（）A．A、B运动始终同向，B比A运动的快B．在t1时间AB相距最远，B开头反向运动C．A、B的加速度始终同向，B比A的加速度大D．B追上A之前，t2时刻两物体相距最远5．（4分）以肯定初速度竖直上抛一个小球，小球经3.5s到达最高点，小球在抛出后的1s内、2s内、3s内通过的位移之比为（）A．1：3：5 B．1：4：9 C．3：5：6 D．3：7：96．（4分）有一长为L的列车，正以恒定的加速度过铁路桥，桥长也为L，现已知列车车头过桥头时的速度为v1，车头过桥尾时的速度为v2，那么，车尾过桥尾时的速度为（）A．2v1﹣v2B．2v2﹣v1C．D ．7．（4分）甲、乙两车在同一水平道路上，一前一后相距x=4m，乙车在前，甲车在后，某时刻两车同时开头运动，两车运动的x﹣t图象如图所示，则下列表述正确的是（）A．乙车做曲线运动，甲车做直线运动B．甲车先做匀减速运动，后做匀速运动C．乙车的速度不断增大D．两车相遇两次8．（4分）关于力的分解，下列说法中不正确的是（）A．一个力可以分解成两个比它大的分力B．一个力可分解成两个大小跟它相等的力C．假如一个力和它的一个分力的大小方向确定，那么另一个分力就是唯一的D．假如一个力以及它的一个分力大小和另一个分力的方向确定，这两个分力就完全确定了9．（4分）如图所示，用水平力F推乙物块，使甲、乙、丙、丁四个完全相同的物块一起沿水平地面以相同的速度匀速运动，则各物块受到摩擦力的状况是（）A．甲物块受到一个摩擦力的作用B．乙物块受到两个摩擦力的作用C．丙物块受到两个摩擦力的作用D．丁物块没有受到摩擦力的作用10．（4分）如图所示，有2n个大小都为F的共点力，沿着顶角为120°的圆锥体的母线方向，相邻两个力的夹角都是相等的．则这2n个力的合力大小为（）A．2nF B．n F C．2（n﹣1）F D．2（n+1）F11．（4分）每年春天很多游客前往公园放风筝，会放风筝的人，可使风筝静止在空中，下列的四幅图中，AB 线代表风筝截面，OL代表风筝线，风向水平，则风筝可能静止的是（）A．B．C．D ．12．（4分）如图所示，A、B两个相同的物块紧靠竖直墙壁，在竖直向上的恒力F作用下处于静止状态，A 物块受力的个数是（）A．2个B．3个C．4个D．5个13．（4分）如图所示，在水平天花板与竖直墙壁间，通过不计质量的松软绳子和光滑的轻小滑轮悬挂重物G=40N，绳长L=2.5m，OA=1.5m，关于绳中张力的大小，下列说法正确的是（）A．当B点位置固定，A端缓慢左移时，绳中张力增大B．当B点位置固定，A端缓慢左移时，绳中张力不变C．当A点位置固定，B端缓慢向下移时，绳中张力变大D．当A点位置固定，B端缓慢向下移时，绳中张力不变二、试验题（2个小题，共12分）14．（6分）某同学用如图所示的试验装置来探究“力的平行四边形定则”．弹簧测力计A挂于固定点P，下端用细线挂一重物M．弹簧测力计B的一端用细线系于O点，手持另一端向左拉，使结点O静止在某位置．分别读出弹簧测力计A和B的示数，并在贴于竖直木板的白纸上记录O点的位置和拉线的方向（1）本试验用的弹簧测力计示数的单位为N，图中A的示数为N．（2）下列不必要的试验要求是．（请填写选项前对应的字母）A．应测量重物M所受的重力B．弹簧测力计应在使用前校零C．拉线方向应与木板平面平行D．转变拉力，进行多次试验，每次都要使O点静止在同一位置（3）本试验接受的科学方法是（填字母代号）A．抱负试验法；B．等效替代法；C．把握变量法；D．建立物理模型法．15．（6分）（1）“争辩匀变速直线运动”的试验中，使用电磁式打点计时器（所用沟通电的频率为f=50Hz），得到如下图所示的纸带．图中的点为计数点，相邻两计数点间还有四个点未画出来，下列表述正确的是．A．试验时应先放开纸带再接通电源B．（x6﹣x1）等于（x2﹣x1）的6倍C．从纸带可求出计数点B对应的速率D．相邻两个计数点间的时间间隔为0.02s（2）由题中给定的字母写出计算加速度的表达式．三、计算题（4个小题，共36分．要求写出必要的步骤和文字说明．）16．（8分）如图所示，质量不等的三个物块A、B、C用劲度系数完全相同的三个弹簧1、2、3依次连接着处于静止状态，A、B在水平桌面上，C绕过定滑轮悬挂在桌面外，此时弹簧1、2、3的伸长量分别为0、2cm、3cm，已知C的质量为m C=3kg，（取g=10m/s2）求：（1）弹簧2的弹力大小为多少？（2）此时物块A所受的摩擦力？（3）此时物块B所受的摩擦力？17．（8分）如图所示，斜面倾角θ=37°，物体A质量为2.0kg，它与斜面间最大静摩擦力是其对斜面压力的0.25倍，绳与滑轮接触光滑，且绳的质量不计，要使物体A静止在斜面上不动，物体B的质量应为多少？（g=10m/s2）18．（10分）在渠县二中学秋季田径运动会的800米竞赛中，小明很想得冠军，他始终冲在最前面，由于开头体力消耗太大，最终在直道上距终点50米处时便只能保持5m/s的速度前进而不能加速冲刺．此时始终保持在小明后面的小华在直道上距小明6.25米，速度为4m/s，他马上发力并保持以0.5m/s2的加速度冲刺．试分析：（1）小明是否始终保持在小华的前面跑到终点而得到了冠军？（2）小明和小华中任一个跑到终点前，他们之间的最大距离是多少？19．（10分）在大路的十字路口，红灯拦停了很多汽车，拦停的汽车排成笔直的一列，最前面的一辆汽车的前端刚好与路口停车线相齐，相邻两车的前端之间的距离均为l=6.0m，若汽车起动时都以a=2.5m/s2的加速度作匀加速运动，加速到v=10.0m/s 后做匀速运动通过路口．该路口亮绿灯时间t=40.0s，而且有按倒计时显示的时间显示灯．另外交通规章规定：原在绿灯时通行的汽车，红灯亮起时，车头已越过停车线的汽车允许通过．请解答下列问题：（1）若绿灯亮起瞬时，全部司机同时起动汽车，问有多少辆汽车能通过路口？（2）第（1）问中，不能通过路口的第一辆汽车司机，在时间显示灯刚亮出“3”时开头刹车做匀减速运动，结果车的前端与停车线相齐时刚好停下，求刹车后汽车加速度大小．（3）事实上由于人反应时间的存在，绿灯亮起时不行能全部司机同时起动汽车．现假设绿灯亮起时，第一个司机迟后△t=0.90s起动汽车，后面司机都比前一辆车迟后0.90s起动汽车，在该状况下，有多少辆车能通过路口？四川省成都外国语学校2022-2021学年高一上学期期中物理试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题4分，共52分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，有一个或一个以上选项符合题目要求，全部选对得4分，选不全得2分，有选错或不答的得0分．1．（4分）2022年2月27日上午10时，我国海军第十一批护航编队从青岛胶州湾某军港解缆起航，奔赴亚丁湾、索马里海疆执行护航任务，经过5000多海里的航行，于3月15日晨抵达目的地，关于此次航行，下列说法不正确的是（）A．当争辩护航舰艇的运行轨迹时，可将其看做质点B．“5000多海里”指的是护航舰艇的航行位移C．“5000多海里”指的是护航舰艇的航行路程D．题中数据“2月27日上午10时”和“3月15日晨”指的是时刻考点：质点的生疏；位移与路程；时间与时刻．专题：直线运动规律专题．分析：当物体在所争辩的问题中大小和外形可以忽视不计时，物体即可以看作质点；位移是指初末两点间的有向线段的长度；而路程是指物体经过的轨迹的长度；时间是指时间的长度，在时间轴上对应一段距离，时刻是指时间点，在时间轴上对应的是一个点，在难以区分是时间还是时刻时，可以通过时间轴来进行区分．解答：解：A、当争辩舰艇的运动轨迹时，舰艇的大小和外形可以忽视，故可以看作质点，故A正确；B、舰艇做曲线运动，其行驶的距离为轨迹的长度，故为路程，故B错误，C正确；D、“2月27日上午10时”和“3月15日晨”是时间点，指时刻，故D正确；本题选错误的故选：B．点评：本题考查位移与路程、质点的定义等，从位移开头在学习中应开头对矢量加以关注，明确其性质．2．（4分）下列关于速度和加速度的说法中，正确的是（）A．物体运动速度转变越大，加速度肯定越大B．物体加速度的方向和速度转变方向可能相同，也可能相反C．物体加速度越来越小，速度肯定越来越小D．物体运动速度转变越快，加速度肯定越大考点：加速度．专题：直线运动规律专题．分析：加速度是反映速度变化快慢的物理量，当加速度方向与速度方向相同，做加速运动，当加速度方向与速度方向相反，做减速运动．解答：解：A、依据a=知，速度变化量越大，加速度不肯定大，故A错误．B、依据a=知，加速度的方向与速度变化量的方向相同，故B错误．C、当加速度方向与速度方向相同，加速度越来越小，速度越来越大，故C错误．D、加速度等于速度的变化率，所以速度变化率很大，加速度肯定很大，故D正确．故选：D．点评：解决本题的关键知道加速度的物理意义，把握推断物体做加速运动还是减速运动的方法，关键看加速度方向与速度方向的关系．3．（4分）足球以10m/s的速度飞来，运动员把它以10m/s的速度反向踢出，踢球时间为0.2s，设球飞来的方向为正方向，则足球在这段时间内的速度转变与加速度分别为（）A．0、0 B．0、100m/s2C．﹣20m/s、﹣100m/s2D．20m/s、100m/s2考点：加速度．专题：直线运动规律专题．分析：已知初速度和末速度，则由加速度的定义可求得加速度的大小和方向．解答：解：初速度方向为正，则v0=10m/s；v=﹣10m/s，则速度的变化量△v=﹣10﹣10=﹣20m/s，则加速度为：a=，故C正确．故选：C点评：加速度为矢量，故在解题前应先设定正方向；这是高中物理学习中应留意培育的一个好习惯．4．（4分）A、B两物体在同始终线上从同一位置开头计时的速度图象，如图中的A、B所示，则由图可知，在0﹣t2时间内（）A．A、B运动始终同向，B比A运动的快B．在t1时间AB相距最远，B开头反向运动C．A、B的加速度始终同向，B比A的加速度大D．B追上A之前，t2时刻两物体相距最远考点：匀变速直线运动的图像；匀变速直线运动的速度与时间的关系．专题：运动学中的图像专题．分析：由速度﹣时间图象读出：在t1时刻前B运动方向为负方向，t1时刻后运动方向为正方向．在t1时刻前，A、B速度方向相反，t1时刻后速度方向相同．依据斜率大小比较加速度的大小．在t2时刻，A、B的速度相同，加速度不同．解答：解：A、在t1时刻前，A、B速度方向相反，t1时刻后速度方向相同．故A错误．B、在t1时刻前，A、B速度方向相反，t1时刻后速度方向相同．但A的速度大于B的速度，所以二者间距离连续增大，t2时刻相距最远，B错误D正确；C、由斜率的大小和正负知A、B的加速度始终同向，B比A的加速度大，C正确；故选：CD．点评：本题是速度图象问题，考查基本的读图力量：由速度的正负读出速度的方向，斜率读出加速度，面积读出位移，等等．5．（4分）以肯定初速度竖直上抛一个小球，小球经3.5s到达最高点，小球在抛出后的1s内、2s内、3s内通过的位移之比为（）A．1：3：5 B．1：4：9 C．3：5：6 D．3：7：9考点：竖直上抛运动．分析：依据匀变速直线运动的规律，位移速度公式即可求解解答：解：由题意知：初速度v0=gt=35m/sx1=v0t1+gt12=30mx2=v0t2+gt22=50mx3=v0t3+gt32=60m故：小球在抛出后的1s内、2s内、3s内通过的位移之比3：5：6故选：C点评：本题主要考查了匀减速直线运动位移速度公式的直接应用，难度不大，属于基础题6．（4分）有一长为L的列车，正以恒定的加速度过铁路桥，桥长也为L，现已知列车车头过桥头时的速度为v1，车头过桥尾时的速度为v2，那么，车尾过桥尾时的速度为（）A．2v1﹣v2B．2v2﹣v1C．D ．考点：匀变速直线运动的位移与时间的关系；匀变速直线运动的速度与时间的关系．专题：直线运动规律专题．分析：依据匀变速直线运动的速度位移公式进行求解．解答：解：已知列车车头过桥头时的速度为v1，车头过桥尾时的速度为v2，则有．设车尾过桥尾时的速度为v ，则有．联立两式解得v=．故D正确，A、B、C错误．故选：D．点评：解决本题的关键把握匀变速直线运动的速度位移公式，并能机敏运用．7．（4分）甲、乙两车在同一水平道路上，一前一后相距x=4m，乙车在前，甲车在后，某时刻两车同时开头运动，两车运动的x﹣t图象如图所示，则下列表述正确的是（）A．乙车做曲线运动，甲车做直线运动B．甲车先做匀减速运动，后做匀速运动C．乙车的速度不断增大D．两车相遇两次考点：匀变速直线运动的图像；匀变速直线运动的位移与时间的关系．专题：运动学中的图像专题．分析：依据图象的斜率等于速度，分析两车的运动状况．依据图象与时间轴围成的面积可求出两车的位移，则可确定何时两车相遇．解答：解：A、乙车的x﹣t图象虽为曲线，但这不是运动轨迹，且图象只能表示正反两个方向的运动，故A错误．B、位移时间图象的斜率等于速度，由题图可知：甲车在前6s内沿负向做匀速直线运动，6s处于静止状态，故B错误．C、由于乙车图象的斜率大小增大，即其速度渐渐增大，故C正确．D、在x﹣t图象中两图线的交点表示两车相遇，故两车相遇两次．故D正确．故选：CD点评：对于位移时间图象，关键抓住斜率等于速度，交点表示两车相遇，来分析两车的运动状况．8．（4分）关于力的分解，下列说法中不正确的是（）A．一个力可以分解成两个比它大的分力B．一个力可分解成两个大小跟它相等的力C．假如一个力和它的一个分力的大小方向确定，那么另一个分力就是唯一的D．假如一个力以及它的一个分力大小和另一个分力的方向确定，这两个分力就完全确定了考点：力的分解．分析：合力与分力是等效替代关系；假如一个力作用于某一物体上，它对物体产生的效果跟另外几个力同时作用于同一物体而共同产生的效果相同，这几个力就是那个力的分力；力的分解是力的合成的逆运算，同样遵循平行四边形定则．解答：解：A、B、力的分解的本质力的等效替代，就是用同时作用于物体的几个力产生的效果代替一个力的作用效果，合力与分力遵循平行四边形定则，故分力的大小可能大于、小于、等于合力的大小，故AB正确；C、已知一分力的大小和方向，如图，有唯一解故C正确；D、已知一个分力的大小和另一个分力方向，如图，有可能有2组解故D错误；本题选择错误的，故选：D．点评：争辩对象受多个力，对其进行分析，有多种方法，正交分解法不失为一好方法，虽然简洁题用它显得繁琐一些，但对初学者，一会儿这方法，一会儿那方法，不如都用正交分解法，可应付一大片力学题，以后娴熟些了，自然别的方法也就会了．9．（4分）如图所示，用水平力F推乙物块，使甲、乙、丙、丁四个完全相同的物块一起沿水平地面以相同的速度匀速运动，则各物块受到摩擦力的状况是（）A．甲物块受到一个摩擦力的作用B．乙物块受到两个摩擦力的作用C．丙物块受到两个摩擦力的作用D．丁物块没有受到摩擦力的作用考点：共点力平衡的条件及其应用；滑动摩擦力；静摩擦力和最大静摩擦力．专题：共点力作用下物体平衡专题．分析：分别对各个物体受力分析，当推断不出接触面上有无摩擦力时我们可借助物体的运动状态进行分析．解答：解：接触面是水平的，以下我们只分析水平方向的力：（1）甲：不受摩擦力的作用，假如受摩擦力的话，甲不能处于平衡状态．（2）乙：甲不给乙摩擦力的作用，故乙只受到丙给它的一个摩擦力的作用．（3）丁：丁只受地面给它的一个摩擦力的作用．（4）丙由于丙给乙一个向后的摩擦力，故乙给丙一个向前的摩擦力，丙给丁一个向前的推力，所以丁给丙一个向后的推力，丙静止，故丙受到地面给它向后的摩擦力．综上所述：甲，不受摩擦力；乙，受1个摩擦力；丙，受2个摩擦力；丁，受一个摩擦力．故选：C点评：当推断不出接触面上有无摩擦力时我们可借助物体的运动状态进行分析，分析的挨次一般是从上到下，从外到里．10．（4分）如图所示，有2n个大小都为F的共点力，沿着顶角为120°的圆锥体的母线方向，相邻两个力的夹角都是相等的．则这2n个力的合力大小为（）A．2nF B．n F C．2（n﹣1）F D．2（n+1）F考点：合力的大小与分力间夹角的关系．专题：平行四边形法则图解法专题．分析：力的合成遵循力的平行四边形定则．由题意，本题已知分力的大小和相邻两分力的夹角，从而即可求出合力的大小．解答：解：由题意，两个相等的共点力大小为F，夹角为120°，而合力的大小即为F，因此2n个力的合力大小为nF，故B正确，ACD错误；故选：B．点评：本题考查力的合成平行四边形定则，结合图形利用等边三角形的学问简洁解决，会用合力的大小公式也可以解决，可机敏处理．11．（4分）每年春天很多游客前往公园放风筝，会放风筝的人，可使风筝静止在空中，下列的四幅图中，AB 线代表风筝截面，OL代表风筝线，风向水平，则风筝可能静止的是（）A．B．C．D ．考点：共点力平衡的条件及其应用；力的合成与分解的运用．专题：共点力作用下物体平衡专题．分析：要使风筝能静止在空中，则应使风筝受力平衡；故对风筝受力分析，由共点力平衡的条件可得出可能的状况．解答：解：风筝受到的浮力应是垂直于风筝面对上的；故：A、风筝的重力竖直向下，风筝受到的浮力与而拉力方向相反，则三力的合力不行能为零，故风筝不行能静止，A错误；B、风筝的重力和绳子的拉力都竖直向下，而浮力垂直于风筝面，故三力不行能平衡，故风筝不行能静止，故B错误；C、风筝重力竖直向下，风力垂直于风筝面对上，绳子拉力沿绳向下，故任意两力的合力均可能与第三力大小相等，方向相反，故C正确；D、风筝受浮力竖直向上，而绳子的拉力斜向下，风力对风筝不起作用，故浮力与绳子的合力不能为零；故不行能平衡，故D错误；故选C．点评：物体静止或匀速直线运动状态，均说明物体受力平衡，则其受到的多力的合力肯定为零．12．（4分）如图所示，A、B两个相同的物块紧靠竖直墙壁，在竖直向上的恒力F作用下处于静止状态，A 物块受力的个数是（）A．2个B．3个C．4个D．5个考点：共点力平衡的条件及其应用；力的合成与分解的运用．专题：共点力作用下物体平衡专题．分析：先对AB整体受力分析，由平衡条件知，整体共受两个力作用，墙面无作用力；再分别隔离A、B 受力分析，应用平衡条件分析受力个数．解答：解：先对AB整体受力分析，由平衡条件知，竖直方向：F=G A+G B水平方向，不受力，故墙面无弹力，也没有摩擦力（否则不能平衡）；隔离B物体，受重力、A对B的压力以及A对B的斜向下的摩擦力（否则不平衡）、外力F四个力作用；隔离A物体，必受重力、B对A的支持力和摩擦力作用，受三个力；故选：B．点评：关键利用整体法并结合共点力平衡条件得到A物体与墙间不存在弹力，不难．13．（4分）如图所示，在水平天花板与竖直墙壁间，通过不计质量的松软绳子和光滑的轻小滑轮悬挂重物G=40N，绳长L=2.5m，OA=1.5m，关于绳中张力的大小，下列说法正确的是（）A．当B点位置固定，A端缓慢左移时，绳中张力增大B．当B点位置固定，A端缓慢左移时，绳中张力不变C．当A点位置固定，B端缓慢向下移时，绳中张力变大D．当A点位置固定，B端缓慢向下移时，绳中张力不变考点：共点力平衡的条件及其应用；力的合成与分解的运用．专题：共点力作用下物体平衡专题．分析：以动滑轮C为争辩对象，分析受力，依据力的平行四边形合成推断张力的变化．解答：解：A、当B点位置固定，A端缓慢左移时，滑轮两边绳子夹角变大，依据平行四边形定则要想合力不变则绳子张力变大，A正确B错误；B、当B点位置固定，A端缓慢左移时，滑轮两边绳子夹角变小，依据平行四边形定则要想合力不变则绳子张力变小，A正确；C、设绳子总长为L，两堵竖直墙之间的距离为S，两绳与竖直方向夹角为θ，左侧绳长为L1，右侧绳长为L2．则由几何学问，得S=L1sinθ+L2sinθ=（L1+L2）sinθ，又L1+L2=L得到sinθ=；当绳子右端渐渐向下移时，S、L没有变化，则θ不变．依据平行四边形定则当A点位置固定，B端缓慢向下移时，绳中张力不变，C错误D正确；故选：AD．点评：本题的难点在于运用几何学问得到当绳子b端渐渐向下移时，绳子与竖直方向的夹角不变．对于滑轮问题，解题要充分利用拉力的对称性．二、试验题（2个小题，共12分）14．（6分）某同学用如图所示的试验装置来探究“力的平行四边形定则”．弹簧测力计A挂于固定点P，下端用细线挂一重物M．弹簧测力计B的一端用细线系于O点，手持另一端向左拉，使结点O静止在某位置．分别读出弹簧测力计A和B的示数，并在贴于竖直木板的白纸上记录O点的位置和拉线的方向（1）本试验用的弹簧测力计示数的单位为N，图中A的示数为3.60N ．（2）下列不必要的试验要求是D．（请填写选项前对应的字母）A．应测量重物M所受的重力B．弹簧测力计应在使用前校零C．拉线方向应与木板平面平行D．转变拉力，进行多次试验，每次都要使O点静止在同一位置（3）本试验接受的科学方法是B（填字母代号）A．抱负试验法；B．等效替代法；C．把握变量法；D．建立物理模型法．考点：验证力的平行四边形定则．专题：试验题；平行四边形法则图解法专题．分析：确定出弹簧测力计的分度值，从而读出弹簧秤的读数．在该试验中，由于P、O的位置确定，则A弹簧的拉力大小和方向肯定，合力又肯定，则弹簧B的拉力大小和方向也肯定，不需进行多次试验．解答：解：（1）弹簧测力计读数，每1N被分成5格，则1格就等于0.2N．图指针落在3N到4N的第3格处，所以3.60N．（2）A、试验通过作出三个力的图示，来验证“力的平行四边形定则”，因此重物的重力必需要知道．故A正确；B、弹簧测力计是测出力的大小，所以要精确必需在测之前校零．故B正确；C、拉线方向必需与木板平面平行，这样才确保力的大小精确性．故C正确；D、当结点O位置确定时，弹簧测力计A的示数也确定，由于重物的重力已确定，两力大小与方向均肯定，因此弹簧测力计B的大小与方向也肯定，所以不需要转变拉力多次试验．故D错误．本题选不必要的，故选：D．（3）合力与分力是等效替代的关系，所以本试验接受的等效替代法．故选：B．故答案为：（1）3.60（2）D（2）B点评：本题考查了弹簧测力计读数、减小试验误差的方法，对弹簧测力计读数时要先确定其分度值，然后再读数，读数时视线要与刻度线垂直．15．（6分）（1）“争辩匀变速直线运动”的试验中，使用电磁式打点计时器（所用沟通电的频率为f=50Hz），得到如下图所示的纸带．图中的点为计数点，相邻两计数点间还有四个点未画出来，下列表述正确的是C．A．试验时应先放开纸带再接通电源B．（x6﹣x1）等于（x2﹣x1）的6倍C．从纸带可求出计数点B对应的速率D．相邻两个计数点间的时间间隔为0.02s（2）由题中给定的字母写出计算加速度的表达式．考点：探究小车速度随时间变化的规律．专题：试验题；直线运动规律专题．分析：依据匀变速直线运动的推论公式△x=aT2、x m﹣x n=（m﹣n）aT2可以求出加速度的大小，依据匀变速直线运动中时间中点的速度等于该过程中的平均速度，可以求出打纸带上某点的瞬时速度大小．解答：解：（1）A、试验时应先接通电源后放开纸带，假如先放纸带再开电源就会消灭纸带上只有一小段有点，其余的纸带长度没有利用起来，故A错误；B、依据匀变速直线运动的推论公式△x=aT2与x m﹣x n=（m﹣n）aT2可得：x m﹣x n=（m﹣n）△x即：．（S6一S1）=5△x，（S2一S1）=△x，（x6﹣x1）等于（x2﹣x1）的5倍，故B错误；C、依据匀变速直线运动中时间中点的速度等于该过程中的平均速度，可以求出B点的速度，故C正确；D、相邻两计数点间还有四个点未画出，所以相邻计数点之间的时间间隔T=0.1s，故D错误．故选：C．（2）依据匀变速直线运动的推论公式△x=aT2有：得：x4﹣x1=3a1T2x5﹣x2=3a2T2x6﹣x3=3a3T2为了更加精确的求解加速度，我们对三个加速度取平均值得：即小车运动的加速度计算表达式为：．故答案为：（1）C；（2）．点评：要提高应用匀变速直线的规律以及推论解答试验问题的力量，在平常练习中要加强基础学问的理解与应用．三、计算题（4个小题，共36分．要求写出必要的步骤和文字说明．）16．（8分）如图所示，质量不等的三个物块A、B、C用劲度系数完全相同的三个弹簧1、2、3依次连接着处于静止状态，A、B在水平桌面上，C绕过定滑轮悬挂在桌面外，此时弹簧1、2、3的伸长量分别为0、2cm、3cm，已知C的质量为m C=3kg，（取g=10m/s2）求：（1）弹簧2的弹力大小为多少？（2）此时物块A所受的摩擦力？（3）此时物块B所受的摩擦力？考点：共点力平衡的条件及其应用；力的合成与分解的运用．专题：共点力作用下物体平衡专题．分析：（1）以C为争辩对象，求出弹簧3的拉力，依据胡克定律求解弹簧2的拉力．（2）物块A水平方向受到弹簧2的拉力和静摩擦力，由平衡条件求解摩擦力的大小和方向．（3）以B为争辩对象，分析受力，由平衡条件求解B所受的摩擦力的大小和方向．解答：解：（1）对C物体由平衡条件得：弹簧3的弹力F3=m c g=30N由胡克定律F=kx得：弹簧1的弹力F 1=0由=得：F2=20N（2）对A物体由平衡条件得：f A=F2=20N，水平向左．（3）对B物体由平衡条件得：F2+f B=F3得：f B=10N，水平向左．答：（1）弹簧2的弹力的大小为20N；。
四川省成都外国语学校2020学年高二10月月考物理试题Word版含答案
文档根源为 : 从网络采集整理.word版本可编写 .支持.成都外国语学校2017— 2018 学年度上期 9 月考试高二物理试题命题人：胡林审题人：王建文1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分；2.本堂考试 100 分钟，满分 100 分；3. 答题前，考生务必先将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上，并使用2B 铅笔填涂；4.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第Ⅰ卷选择题部分一、单项选择题（此题共8 小题。
在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项正确，每小题3分，共 24分）1. 以下说法中正确的选项是()A．库仑定律合用于真空中静止的点电荷间的作使劲的计算B．电势下降的方向就是电场强度的方向C．由公式U AB WAB可知，电场中两点电势差与电场力做功成正比，与电荷量成反比qD．在电场中，电势越高的地方，电场强度也必定越大2.以下图，空间有一带正电的点电荷，图中的实线是以该点电荷为圆心的齐心圆，这些齐心圆位于同一竖直平面内， MN为一粗拙直杆， A、 B、 C、 D是杆与实线圆的交点，一带正电的小球 ( 视为质点 ) 穿在杆上，以速度v0从 A 点开始沿杆向上运动，抵达 C点时的速度为v，则小球由 A 点运动到 C 点的过程中，以下说法正确的选项是()A．小球减少的机械能必定等于战胜摩擦力做的功B．小球减少的机械能必定大于战胜摩擦力做的功C．小球的机械能可能增添D．以上都有可能3.如图，在圆滑、绝缘的水平面上，沿向来线挨次摆列三个带电小球A、B、C(可视为质点 ) ．若它们恰能处于均衡状态，则这三个小球所带电荷量及电性的关系，可能为下边的() A．－3q、2q、－8qB．－4q、q、－9qC．9q、－4q、36qD．3q、－2q、6q4. 以下图，Q、Q为两个被固定在座标轴x 上的点电荷，此中Q带负电，在O点， Q、Q文档根源为 : 从网络采集整理 .word 版本可编写 .支持 .相距为 L ，a 、b 两点在它们连线的延伸线上，此中 b 点与 O 相距 3L . 现有一带电的粒子以一定的初速度沿直线从 a 点开始经 b 点向远处运动 ( 粒子只受电场力作用 ) ，粒子经过 a 、b 两点时的速度分别为 v a 、 v b ，其 v x 图象以下图，以下说法中正确的选项是 ( ) A ． Q 可能带负电212| Q |41B ． Q 电荷量与 Q 电荷量之比为 | Q 2| ＝ 9C ．不可以判断带电粒子的电性D ．整个运动过程中，粒子的电势能先增大后减小5. 以下图， a 、b 、c 、d 是某匀强电场中的四个点， 它们正好是一个矩形的四个极点，ab＝ cd ＝ L ， ad ＝ bc ＝ 2L ，电场线与矩形所在平面平行．已知a 点电势为 20V ，b 点电势为 24V ， d 点电势为 12V ，一个质子从b 点以 v 0 的速度射入此电场，入射方向与bc 成 45°角，一段时间后经过c 点．不计质子的重力，以下判断正确的选项是 ()A ． c 点电势高于 a 点电势B ．电场强度的方向由b 指向 dC ．质子在 b 运动到 c 运动时间 t2Lv 0．质子从 b 运动到 c ，电场力做功为4eV D6. 原有一带电油滴静止在极板水平搁置的平行板电容器中，给电容器开释一些电荷 Q ，油滴开始向下运动，经时间t 后，给电容器忽然充电，增添一部分电荷Q ′，又经时间 t ，油滴回到原地点，若是在运动过程中油滴电荷量必定，则()Q ′Q ′A.Q ＝ 1B.Q ＝2Q ′Q ′C. Q ＝ 3D. Q ＝47. 如图中甲所示，两平行正对的金属板A 、B 间加犹如图乙所示的交变电压，一重力可忽视不计的带正电粒子被固定在两板的正中间 P 处．若在 t 0 时辰开释该粒子，粒子会时而向A板运动，时而向 B 板运动，并最后打在 A 板上．则 t 0 可能属于的时间段是 ()A ． 0 t 0T B.3T T4t 04C.Tt 0 T D． T t 0 9T4 288.如图，水平搁置的平行板电容器极板A、B 间加有恒定电压，a 点与下极板的距离为 d .一带电粒子从 a 点水平射入电场，初速度大小为 v a，粒子偏转后打在下极板的P 点时速度大小为 v a，其水平射程为2d .若该粒子从与 a 点在同一竖直线上的b点(图中未标出)水平射入电场，初速度大小为v b，带电粒子还能打到P 点，打到 P 点时速度大小为v b.以下判断正确的是 ( )A．若b点在a点上方，则v a v b B．若b点在a点下方，则v a v bC．若b点在a点上方，则v a v b D ．若 b 点在a点下方，则v a v b二、不定项选择题（此题共 6 小题。
成都外国语学校2018~2019学年高一上半期试题(mathtype精编版)
数 学
(考试时间120分钟外半期1)已知集合 ，那么 ()
A. B. C. D.
(2018成实外半期2)下列四组中的 表示同一个函数的是( )
A. B.
C. D.
(2018成实外半期3)若函数 唯一零点同时在 内，则与 符号相同的是( )
(2018成实外半期13)若函数 的定义域为 ，则函数 的定义域是__________.
(2018成实外半期14)若幂函数 在 上为增函数，则实数 的值为__________.
(2018成实外半期15)已知函数 满足：对任意的实数 都有 ，且 ，则
(2018成实外半期16)已知函数 满足条件 ，其中 ，则 的值为__________.
A. B. C. D.
(2018成实外半期11)已知函数 ，其中 .对于任意的 ，都有 ，求实数 的取值范围( )
A. B. C. D.
(2018成实外半期12)已知函数 在闭区间 上的值域为 ，则满足题意的有序实数对 在坐标平面内所对应的点组成的图形为( )
A. B. C. D.
二.填空题(每小题5分，共20分)
A. B. C. D.
(2018成实外半期7)已知函数 与 定义如下表所示，则方程 的解集是( )
1
2
3
1
3
2
2
3
1
A. B. C. D.
(2018成实外半期8)函数 的图像大致为( )
A. B. C. D.
(2018成实外半期9)已知函数 ，若 ，则 的取值范围是( )
A. B. C. D.
(2018成实外半期10)已知偶函数 在 单调递增，若 ，则满足 的取值范围是( )
四川省成都外国语学校2023-2024学年高一下学期7月月考物理试题-答案
成都外国语学校2023—2024学年度下期第二次月考物理试题答案和解析【答案】1. DD2. AA3. CC4. AA5. CC6. CC7. DD8. BB9. AACC10. CCDD11. AACC12. (1)dd tt(2)kk2(3)12mmvv12−12mmkkxx113. (1)CC；(2)AACC；(3)AACC；(4)mm1×OOOO=mm1×OOOO+mm2×OOOO14. (1)木箱下滑的整个过程中，重力对其所做的功为WW=mmmmmm sin37∘=120JJ(2)木箱沿斜面下滑过程中受力分析如图所示，其中摩擦力大小为ff=μμFF NN=μμmmmm cos37∘=20OO 木箱从顶端下滑至底端时，木箱所受重力和摩擦力做功，根据动能定理有EE kk=WW−ffmm=80JJ(3)木箱运动到斜面底端时，其速度方向如图所示，且速度大小为vv=�2EE kk mm=4mm/ss此时木箱竖直方向分速度大小为vv yy=vv sin37∘=2.4mm/ss重力做功的瞬时功率为OO=mmmmvv yy=240WW15. 解：(1)“天问一号”绕火星做匀速圆周运动，万有引力提供向心力：GG OOmm(RR+ℎ) 2=mm4ππ 2TT 2(RR+ℎ)，解得火星质量：OO=4ππ 2(RR+ℎ) 3GGTT 2；(2)火星的体积VV=43ππRR 3，故火星的平均密度ρρ=OO VV=3ππ(RR+ℎ) 3GGTT 2RR 3；(3)火星表面发射一颗绕其环绕的卫星，则最小的发射速度即第一宇宙速度GG OOmm RR 2=mm vv 2RR，解得vv=�GGOO RR=�4ππ 2(RR+ℎ) 3TT 2RR。
16. 解：(1)BB自由下落HH的速度vv BB，根据机械能守恒有：mmmmHH=12mmvv BB2解得vv BB=� 2mmHHBB与AA碰撞过程动量守恒，则有：mmvv BB+0=(mm+mm)vv1解得：vv1=�3mmmm22kk；(2)AA在OO位置，弹簧被压缩xx0，根据平衡条件得：xx0=mmmm kkAA与BB共同体继续向下运动离OO点的最大距离为xx mm根据能量守恒定律：12(2mm)vv12+12kkxx02+2mmmmxx mm=12kk(xx0+xx mm)2解得xx mm=3xx0，xx mm=−xx0(舍去)即xx mm=3mmmm kk；(3)由题意TT=2ππ�2mm kk又振幅AA=2xx0=2mmmm kk，则开始时刻小球位于正向AA2位移处，振动图像如图由余弦函数知ΔΔtt=13×(14TT)=TT12所求时间tt=2ΔΔtt+12TT=23TT 得tt=23×2ππ�2mm kk=43ππ�2mm kk。
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四川省成都外国语学校2018-2019学年八年级物理上学期期中试题注意事项：1、本堂考试分A和B卷。
2.本堂考试90分钟，满分120分3．请考生将答案填写在答题卡上，考试结束后只交答题卡。
A卷（100分）一、单项选择题（每题2分，共36分。
每小题的四个选项中，只有一个正确选项）1、学生们在体育课上进行投掷铅球活动，活动后，同学们对“铅球”的制作材料进行讨论，有同学认为“铅球”是铁制的，并从实验室借来磁铁吸一下．“吸一下”这个过程属于科学探究中的( )A.进行实验与收集证据B.猜想与假设C.提出问题D.分析与论证2.一些物理量的估测，下列数据最接近实际的是（）A．人正常步行速度是1.1K m/h B．课桌的高度约180cmC．教室门的高度约2m D．笔从桌面掉到地的时间约为3秒3、下列现象中，能说明分子在做永不停息的运动的是（）①花香扑鼻②尘土飞扬③粉笔灰飘落④雪花飞舞．A．① B．①② C．①③ D．①④4、福州江滨大道缤纷园入口处，安装了两盏“风光互补”景观节能灯，如图所示，它“头顶”小风扇，“肩扛”太阳能电池板．关于节能灯的设计解释合理的是（）A．太阳能电池板是将太阳能转化为电能B．小风扇是用来给路人吹风的C．小风扇是风力发电机，将电能转化为机械能D．蓄电池在夜晚放电时，将电能转化为化学能5.小红和同学们去Sentosa岛游玩，他们坐在滑行的“香蕉”船上疾速行驶，若说小红是静止的，则所选择的参照物是（）A．Sentosa岛 B．小红她们乘坐的香蕉船 C．海水 D．站在沙滩上给小红照相的同学6、下列说法错误的是（）A．多次测量求平均值，可以减小误差 B．悠扬动听的舞曲可能是噪声C．真空能传光 D．误差是由于测量中的错误操作造成的7、小明利用最小分度值为1mm的刻度尺测量一个物体的长度，四次测量的数据分别为2.35cm、2.36cm、2.36cm、2.50cm，则测量结果应记为（）A．2.36cm B．2.357cm C．2.35cm D．2.39cm8.近年，全国各地掀起跳广场舞的热潮，广场舞有益身心健康，但也影响周围居民的生活，为避免给周边居民的生活造成干扰，下列措施合理有效且说法正确的是( )A.调节音响的音量，使声音的音调不要太高B.居民关闭门窗，是在人耳处减弱噪声C.在广场上安装噪声监测装置，以阻断噪声的传播D.晚八点半以后停止跳广场舞，以防止噪声的产生9.声波既传递“信息”也传递“能量”。
下面事例中，主要利用声波传递的“能量”的是（）A. 外科医生对结石病人的“超声”排石B.用声纳探海深C. 利用B超做体检D.利用回声定位10、在一个明月如皓的夜晚，李刚迎着月光走在回家的路上，刚下过的雨在坑洼的路面留下了一个个积水坑，李刚为了不踏入水坑，下面说法正确的是（）A．应踩在较亮的地方，因为水面发生了漫反射，看起来较暗B．应踩在较亮的地方，因为路面发生了漫反射，看起来较亮C．应踩在较暗的地方，因为路面发生了漫反射，看起来较暗D．应踩在较暗的地方，因为路面发生了镜面反射，看起来较暗11．清澈平静的湖面上空，有只小燕子正向下俯冲捕食。
小燕子向下俯冲过程中，通过湖面所成像的虚实、及其与像之间距离的变化是（）A.虚像、距离变小B.虚像、距离变大C.实像、距离不变D.实像、距离变小12如图所示声波的波形图，下列说法正确的是( )A. 丙、丁的音色和响度相同B.甲、丙的音调和音色相同C.乙、丁的音调和音色相同D.甲、乙的音调和响度相同13、《吕氏春秋》记载：…伏羲作琴，三分损益成十三音．“三分损益法”就是把管（笛、箫）加长三分之一或减短三分之一，这种做法是为了改变声音的（）A．音色 B．响度 C．速度 D．音调14.如图所示，用自制针孔照相机观察烛焰，有以下四句说法错误的是( )A薄膜上出现的烛焰的像是倒立的.B薄膜上烛焰的像只可能是缩小或放大的.C保持小孔和烛焰的距离不变，向后拉动内筒，增加筒长，烛焰的像变大.D保持小孔和烛焰的距离不变，向前推动内筒，烛焰的像更明亮15、下列图能正确表示“灰小鸭”在水中所成倒影的是（）16、如图是相向而行的甲、乙两物体的s-t图象，下列说法正确的是（）A．相遇时两物体通过的路程均为100mB．0-30s内甲、乙均做匀速直线运动C．甲的运动速度为10m/sD．甲、乙是同时出发的17.一列客车以20 m/s的速度行驶，突然迎面开来一列长300m的货车以10 m/s的速度向后驶去，那么坐在客车窗口的乘客看见货车从他眼前通过的时间是（）A．30s B．20s C．10s D．15s18.若声音在空气中的传播速度为v1，在钢轨中的传播速度为v2，有人用锤子敲了一下钢轨的一端，另一人在另一端听到两次声音的时间间隔为t，下列说法中正确的是( )A 声音沿钢轨从一端传到另一端时间为v2/(v2-v1) B.声音沿钢轨从一端传到另一端时间为v1/(v2-v1)C.钢轨的长度为v1v2t/(v2-v1)D.钢轨的长度为(v2-v1)t二.填空题（每空2分，共28分）19.图中木块的长度是_______cm。
秒表读数为 s.20.据报道，有一天在某工地上，工人在一幢高190 m地飘过大楼的上空，突然有人惊呼“楼要倒了“，引起数千人惊叫狂奔.造成这种错觉的原因是这些人以(填云，地或楼)为参照物，所以他们以为大楼是(选填“运动“或“静止”的).21.小丽同学“探究声音的产生”的装置如图所示，将系在细线上的乒乓球靠近音叉．当小丽同学用小锤敲击音叉的时候，既能听到音叉发出的声音，又能观察到乒乓球弹起．说明声音是由物体_______产生的，加大力度敲音叉，它的振动频率_______（会/不会）改变．22．2009年7月22日我国长江流域发生了本世纪以来最大规模的一次日全食，产生日食的原因是光沿直线传播，当我们位于乙图中的________区域时，就能看到日偏食现象，位于乙图中的________区域时，就能看到日全食现象。
(选填“A”、“B”、“C ”)23．小花身高1.60m，站在高为1.40m的镜前,若她到平面镜的距离为1.20m，则他在镜中的像离她______m，；当他慢慢远离镜子时，像的大小将_______ (填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”)。
24、如图是小刚从家中出发到达学校的s-t图象．其中一半路程步行，一半路程骑自行车（较快）．则小刚骑车是图中（选填“OA”或“AB”）段，小刚从家中到学校的平均速度为 m/s．25.有一光电控制液面高度的仪器，是通过光束在液面上的反射光打到光电屏(将光信号转化为电信号进行处理)上来显示液面高度.如图所示，与液面夹角为45°的光束经液面反射后在光屏上形成光点S1，一段时间后光点由S1移到S2时，且S1 S2的距离为4 cm，则该液面(选填“上升”、或“下降”)的高度为cm.三、作图与计算题（共16分）26(2分)．一位同学按老师的要求，用硬纸筒做针孔照相机实验，请在图中画出物体AB的像A′B′．（要画出光路）27（2分）．如图所示，小明利用一块平面镜使此时的太阳光水平射入隧道内．请你通过作图画出平面镜的位置并在图上标出平面镜与水平方向的夹角的度数（保留作图痕迹）．28（6分）.晓明每天上学都要经过一处的红绿灯，他每次穿越斑马线过马路时都要加快步伐才能在设定的时间刚好通过.该马路的宽度约为48 m，绿灯倒计时的总时间为40 s，求：(1)晓明的速度至少多大才能安全通过？(2)晓明思考，老年人的步行速度约为0.8 m/s，绿灯倒计时的总时间至少要设置为多少秒老年人才能安全通过？29（6分）.一辆汽车匀速向山崖开去，在离山崖925m时司机按了一下喇叭，经过了5s他听到了回声，求：（1）汽车的速度为多少？（声音在空气中的传播速度为340m/s）（2）当司机听到回声时离山崖多远？四、实验探究题（每空2分，共20分）30．在测量“小车的平均速度”实验中，某同学设计了如图所示的实验装置，小车从斜面的顶端由静止下滑，图中的圆圈内是小车到达A、B、C三点时电子表的显示（数字分别表示时、分、秒），则：AC的平均速度V AC= m/s，AB段的平均速度V AB BC段的平均速度V BC（选填“大于”、“等于”、“小于”）． A时间15:35:20B时间15:35:22 C时间15:35:2331某同学为了探究物体发声时振动的频率高低与哪些因素有关，他选择了四根钢丝进行实验，如图所示．具体数据如表：(1)用同样的力度拨动钢丝甲和乙，发现拨动乙钢丝时的音调高．由此可以得出的结论是：在弦的长度、松紧程度相同时，振动的频率高低与弦的 有关．(2)在探究发声体振动的频率高低与弦的长度的关系时，应用同样大小的力度先后拨动乙和 钢丝．32、小天用图示装置探究“光的反射定律”，请在下列空格中填写适当内容：（1）图（A ）中反射光线与法线的夹角是 度；（2）图中当入射角变大时，反射光束 （选填“偏离”或“靠拢”）法线； （3）如图(B)所示，将纸板NOF 向后折，在纸板NOF 上 （选填“能”或“不能”）看到反射光束.33.如图是“探究平面镜成像特点”的实验装置.(1)实验器材有：带底座的玻璃板、白纸、笔、火柴、光屏、刻度尺各一，两支外形相同的蜡烛A 和B.(2)在竖立的玻璃板前点燃蜡烛A ，拿未点燃的蜡烛B 竖直在玻璃板后面移动，人眼一直在玻璃板的 _(选填“前”或“后”)侧观察，直至它与蜡烛A 的像完全重合，这种确定像与物大小关系的方法是 (选填“控制变量法”或“等效替代法”).(3)移去蜡烛B ，在其原来位置上放置一块光屏，光屏上无法呈现蜡烛的像，这说明平面镜成的是 像(选填“实”或“虚”).B 卷（20分）一、不定项选择题 （每题有1至2个正确答案，全部选对的得2分，选对但不全的得1分，有选错的不得分，共10分） 34.有关声的说法正确的是( ) A.物体的振幅越大音调越高B.声音在真空中的传播速度是3×108m/sC.戴防噪声耳罩可以防止噪声产生D.地震、火山喷发等自然现象都伴有次声波产生35．一束光被平面镜反射，现要使反射光从原来位置偏转θ角，可采用的方法（ ） A ．将平面镜转动θ角 B ．将平面镜转动θ21角C．将入射光线转动θ角 D．将入射光线转动90°－θ角36、某人坐在船上从河的上游A地顺水漂流到下游B地的时间为t，若此人划着小船顺水从A地到B地所用的时间为t/3，保持船相对于水的速度不变，则下列说法正确的是（）A．船在A、B两地往返所用时间小于在静水中往返同样距离所用的时间B．船在A、B两地往返所用时间等于在静水中往返同样距离所用的时间C．在静水中行驶同样的距离需要时间为t/2D．在静水中行驶同样的距离需要时间为2t/337.有一个点光源Ｓ，放在平面镜ＭＮ前，若镜ＭＮ不动，光源Ｓ以速度２m/s沿与镜面成６０°角的方向向右匀速直线运动，如图所示，则光源Ｓ在镜中的像Ｓ1将（）Ａ.以速度２m/s斜向左下运动Ｂ.以速度４m/s沿ＳＯ直线方向向右平移Ｃ.以速度２m/s沿垂直于ＳＯ方向向下平移Ｄ.在Ｓ上看到的像沿Ｓ1 Ｓ方向以速度２m/s向Ｓ靠近38.卫星绕地球运行时的运动可看做是绕地心的匀速圆周运动，即相等时间内通过圆弧长度相等的运动。