2010秋研究生Oral topics
研究生英语
口语考试话题
Topic 1 Festivals黄晓旭
Sub-topic 1
Which festivals are most popular with young people in China?
Sub-topic 2
What do you think of the fact that more and more Chinese people celebrate the foreign festivals?
Sub-topic 3
Should weeklong holidays be maintained or cancelled?
Topic 2 Health 曹鹏
Sub-topic 1
What important factors contribute to health? Why?
Sub-topic 2
Are modern people healthier than their ancestors? Why or why not?
Sub-topic 3
What is the biggest threat to people’s health in m odern society? Why? How to cope with it?
Topic 3 Traffic and Transportation陈一平
Sub-topic 1
Why do we have more and more traffic accidents nowadays ?
Sub-topic 2
How to solve traffic jams?
Sub-topic 3
Should private cars be encouraged in China?
Topic 4 Job and career罗宾
Sub-topic 1
What matters important in career choices?
Sub-topic 2
Does a degree guarantees a job?
Sub-topic 3
How to have a successful job interview?
Topic 5 Interpersonal Relationship 罗侠
Sub-topic 1
What is important in ensuring good human relationships?Sub-topic 2
What makes a true friend?
Sub-topic 3
Has the Internet brought people closer?
Topic 6 Traveling 李召
Sub-topic 1:
What are the gains and pains of travelling? Please cite your own experiences to illustrate them.
Sub-topic 2:
Where do you dream to go to? Why?
Sub-topic 3:
What are your preferences of travelling? Please talk about the places you prefer to see, the ways of travelling you prefer, the people you prefer to travel with, etc.
Topic 7 Love and Marriage蒙磊
Sub-topic 1
What do you think of speed dating and flash marriage? Is this a progress of society or a step backward?
Sub-topic 2
What characteristics are so important in the opposite sex that may attract you?
Sub-topic 3
What is the relationship between love and marriage? Does love guarantee a happy marriage? If not, what elements can ensure a happy marriage?
Topic 8 Sports 干俊
Sub-topic 1:
How do people benefit from sports?
Sub-topic 2:
What are the qualities of the best athlete? Use the story of an athlete to illustrate them. Sub-topic 3:
Why do Chinese athletes excel in some sports, such as, table tennis, badminton and gymnastics, but not in most of the others?
Topic 9 Housing 方涛
Sub-topic 1:
when choosing your house, what factors will you consider?
Sub-topic 2:
to buy or to rent: the advantages and disadvantages of buying a house and renting a house.
Sub-topic 3:
Have you ever thought about your ideal dwelling/house? What would it be like?
Topic 10 Past and Future 杨浩
Subtopic 1:
What is the thing you cherish most in the “good old days”? Why?
Subtopic 2:
Can you name a few scientific advancements that have greatly changed human life in the past centuries? What impacts will new technologies have on human life, like cloning?
Subtopic 3:
What will be the main problems of the future? Can scientific development solve these problems?。
2010年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2010年考研英语真题与答案解析从2010年开始，全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为了英语（一）和英语（二）。
英语（一）即原统考“英语”。
英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。
英语一考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构（一）考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和答题卡。
答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。
考生应将1~45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将46~52题的答案写在答题卡2上。
（二）考试内容试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。
第一部分英语知识运用该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、表达方式和结构）的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力等。
共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
第二部分阅读理解该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。
A节（20小题）：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。
要求考生根据所提供的4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
B节（5小题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。
本部分有3种备选题型。
每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
备选题型有：1）本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。
要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
2）在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱，要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（7~8个）重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。
2010年考研英语真题及答案
2010年考研英语真题及答案一、考研英语真题（阅读理解部分）1.Passage 1文章摘自《纽约时报》(The New York Times)，讲述了人们对于沙特阿拉伯的德里布(Dariba)地区商业开发的反对声浪。
作者主要介绍了沙特人对这个开发计划的局部有效性提出了质疑。
答案：D解析：根据文章内容可以推断出，该地区商业发展项目在解决当地人就业问题以及对年轻人带来激励方面并不有效。
所以答案为D。
2.Passage 2文章介绍了爬行动物的生态类型和生存对策。
通过对几种不同爬行动物的研究和观察，作者总结了它们对环境的适应能力和繁衍生息策略。
答案：C解析：根据文章内容可以得出，某些种类的爬行动物具有在生境发生变化时进行数量调整的能力。
所以答案为C。
3.Passage 3文章介绍了一种新的种植模式，旨在减少对水资源的需求以及提高产量。
作者通过对这种种植模式的实验研究，发现它可以在干旱地区获得较高的产量。
答案：B解析：根据文章内容可以得出，这种新的种植模式通过改变作物的生长方式，减少了对水资源的需求，从而提高了产量。
所以答案为B。
二、答案解析1.Passage 1题目要求解释为什么该地区商业发展项目在解决当地人就业问题方面并不有效。
文章中提到该开发项目只提供了少量工作岗位，远远不够满足就业需求。
所以答案为D。
2.Passage 2题目要求解释某些爬行动物的数量调整能力。
通过文章可以看出，某些爬行动物能够根据其所处环境的变化来调整自身的数量，以适应变化的生境条件。
所以答案为C。
3.Passage 3题目要求解释这种新的种植模式在干旱地区获得高产量的原因。
文章中解释了这种新的种植模式通过改变作物的生长方式，减少了对水资源的需求，从而提高了产量。
所以答案为B。
三、总结本篇文章简要介绍了2010年考研英语阅读理解部分的三篇真题及其答案解析。
通过阅读这些真题及答案解析，可以帮助考生了解考研英语阅读理解题型和解题思路，提高解题能力。
2010年考研英语真题作文及范文
2010年考研英语真题作文及范文（文都版）所属：沪江考研时间：2010年01月09日来源：文都教育阅读：5862 评论：0编辑点评：2010年考研英语真题作文范文已经出炉，更多信息请关注沪江考研最新动态！∙中英双语∙英文∙中文本文相关应用∙鼠标划词已启用∙挑错∙打印∙收藏∙评论作文一以研究生会的名义写一封通知，通知的内容是为全球一体化的国际会议招募志愿者，这个通知必须包括申请者的基本职位要求及你认为相关的其他信息。
写100个字左右不要在通知末尾写你自己的名字，用“Postgraduates’Association”代替。
January 8, 2010To whom it may concern,The Conference of International Integration will be held next month in Beijing in xx University. The Postgraduate’s Association has set a preparation committee to organize this conference. Therefore, we are in need of volunteers to help us organize the relevant affairs of the conference, including reception, distribution of documents, technical support, etc. Students who have previous experience as volunteers are preferred. Basic knowledge in computer, fluent oral English and an amicable personality are some of the qualities we desire. Volunteers shall be available for at least 3 days during the conference. No excuses of absence will be accepted once you are one of our volunteers. If you are interested in this job and are willing to have a whole new experience in thissemester. Please do not hesitate to send your resume to xxx@. Thank you.Postgraduate’s Association作文二根据下图写一篇160-200个单词的文章1.解释它要表达的意思2.简单描述这幅图3.给出你的评论注：火锅里的文字有：佛、功夫、解构、礼、毕昇、儒、后现代、老舍、莎士比亚、爱因斯坦、道、仁、天鹅湖、启蒙、京剧等范文：The picture showed us a boiling hotpot of various forms of both domestic and alien culture. The hodgepodge could be categorized as literature, moral values and performing arts.As far as I am concerned, the picture characterizes the status quo of Chinese society in which Chinese and Western culture conflict with each other but also merge into a unique form to a certain degree.In the highly-integrated world today, no country is an isolated island. Every nation is faced with miscellaneous alien culture, roaring to overwhelm the domestic cultureand China is no exception. However, it does not mean the foreign culture shall be eliminated or eradicated. It is up to the option of the tasters of hotpot, or in other words, the Chinese people to exact the essence of this combination, be it Chinese or Western, and to take full advantage of the world has in store for us.。
2010年秋季学期研究生课程表(最终版)
近世代数
21B103
英语视听说9、17、22班
21B319
数学物理方法B3班
21B102
矩阵论5班
21B103
英语视听说11、14、19、24班
21B407
最优化理论与方法
21B102
矩阵论6班
21B104
英语视听说3、7、12、15、20班
21B001
混沌理论及工程应用
21B316
矩阵论7班
3—4
综合英语A4（姜辛歆）A5（梁红）B3（于春昱）B4（陈海霞）B5（张鹏蓉）B6（周薇薇）B7（阮亚妹）（1-6,8-16）
英语视听说5班（杨红外教A）6班（伊英莉外教B）7班（外教A杨红）8班（外教B伊英莉）（3-6,8-18：3-10周前一位老师任课,11-18周后一位老师任课）学术英语4班（孙淑娟）5班（王丽皓）6班（教师A）英语国家社会与文化2班（丛佳红）（2-6,8-17）
学术英语7班（于春昱）8班（张鹏蓉）9班（周薇薇）（2-4,6-17）
俄语1班（孙寰）（1-4,6-16）
3—4
综合英语A9（周薇薇）A10（张鹏蓉）A11（于春昱）A12（孙淑娟）B12（梁红）B13（姜辛歆）B14（教师B）（1-4,6-16）
英语视听说13班（杨红外教A）14班（伊英莉外教B）15班（外教A杨红）16班（外教B伊英莉）（2-4,6-17：2-9周前一位老师任课，10-17周后一位老师任课）
5—6
马克思主义理论10班（刘辉，姜相志，蔡文学）11班（蔡文学，刘辉，王国学）12班（姜相志，蔡文学，刘辉）（1-8）
7—8
数值计算1班（沈艳）2班（王立刚）3班（杨立宏）4班（冯国峰）（1-8）
9-10
研究生复试英语口语
whatdidyouenjoymostaboutyourcampuslife?
------futureplans
whatdoyouexpecttoachieveduringyourstudyifyouareenrolledintothisinstitute?
Inaword,Iamlookingforwardtomakingasolidfoundationforfutureprofessionaftertwoyearsstudyhere.
3.研究生期间你的计划(plansinthepostgraduatestudy)
First,IhopeIcanformsystematicviewof*****.Asfor******,myexpresswishistogetacompletecomprehensionoftheformationanddevelopmentaswellas**************.Ifpossible,Iwillgoonwithmystudyfordoctoratedegree.
4文档来源为:从网络收集整理 .word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持 .
文档来源为:从网络收集整理 .word 版本可编辑 .欢迎下载支持 .
July,2001.InthepasttwoyearsIhavebeenprepareingforthepostgraduateexaminationwhileIhavebeenteaching*****inNO.****middleSchoolandIwasahead-teacherofaclassinjuniorgradetwo.NowallmyhardworkhasgotaresultsinceIhaveachancetobeinterviewbyyou.
Oral assignment topics
Oral assignment topicsTopic 1 textbook P7Pair work. Choose a role and plan what you will say. Then work with your partner to reach an agreement.Role #1:You are a coffee shop owner who wants to keep costs down.●The price of coffee has gone up.● A new coffee shop in the neighborhood could put you out of business.●You are planning to expand the shop and need to cut down on costs.Role #2:You are a coffee shop employee who wants a raise (decide how much).●You work 6 A.M.-2 P.M. — the busiest time.●Yo u haven’t had a raise in two years.●The new coffee shop pays its employees more.●You’ve come up with some very popular new dishes and sales have taken off.Topic 2 textbook P17Try to see things my wayPair work. Assume one of the roles below. With your partner, try to reach an agreement about what to do by the end of your conversation.Student A:You’re a senior in college majoring in business. You’ve decide to give up your studies and drop out of school to pursue your true calling in life, which you believe is a career in music. To begin your new life as a musician, you need to borrow some money. You decide to talk to a parent. Explain your plans and try to get your parent to come around to your way of thinking.Student B: You’re Student A’s parent. You ar e against your child’s plans. You think your son or daughter is making a very serious mistake and is going to throw his or her life away by dropping out of school and becoming a musician. You think your child should complete his or her studies and put off doing anything in music until after graduation.Topic 3Discuss with your partner the following questions: What’s your true calling? How to discover and pursue your true calling?Topic 4 textbook P22Student A tells student B one of the following problems and asks for suggestions.1.The books and other things I need for my classes are so expensive! I don’t know how Ican pay for them.2.I like to go out with my friends and have fun, but my work schedule is so hectic I don’thave time!3.I’m really stressed right now. I really need to take a vacation and relax.4.My friend always borrows my things, but she hardly ever returns them, and when shedoes, they’re usually damaged!Topic 5Discuss with your partner one of the following sayings about money:1. Money is the root of all evil.2. There's no money in poetry, but then there's no poetry in money, either.3. Waste your money and you're only out of money, but waste your time and you've lost a part of yourlife.]m[ll.’This means that money and poetry don't mix. You don't write poetry for the love of money (because there is none) and having money takes away all beauty and creativity that poetry gives.。
2010年考研英语一真题及参考答案解析
2010年考研英语一Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank.and mark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting __1__ workers productivity. Instead，the studies ended__2__ giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect” the extr emely influential idea the very__3__to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behaviorThe idea arose because of the__4__behavior of the women in theplant.According to __5__of the experiments their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6__what was done in the experiment. __7__something was changed productivity rose . A(n) __8__ that they were being experimented upon seemed to be __9__to alter workers' behavior __10__ itselfAfter several decades，the same data were __11__to econometric the analysis Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12 the descriptions on record，no systematic __13__was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lightingIt turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to __14__interpretation of what happened.__15__，lighting was always changed on a Sunday When work started again on Monday, output __16__ rose compared with the previous Saturday and __17__ to rise for the next couple of days __18__ ，a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers __19__to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case，before __20__a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down1.[A] affected [B]achieved [C]extracted [D]restored2. [A]at [B]up [C]with [D]off3. [A]truth [B]sight [C]act [D]proof4. [A]controversial [B]perplexing [C]mischievous [D]ambiguous5. [A]requirements [B]explanations [C]accounts [D]assessments6. [A]conclude [B]matter [C]indicate [D]work7. [A]as far as [B]for fear that [C]in case that [D]so long as8. [A]awareness [B]expectation [C]sentiment [D]illusion9. [A]suitable [B]excessive [C]enough [D]abundant10. [A]about [B]for [C]on [D]by11. [A]compared [B]shown [C]subjected [D]conveyed12. [A]contrary to [B]consistent with [C]parallel with [D]peculiar to13.[A]evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14.[A]disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading15.[A]In contrast [B]For example [C]In consequence [D]As usual16. [A]duly [B]accidentally [C]unpredictably [D]suddenly17. [A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued20.[A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hittingSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in mostbig-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted t o define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is nowknown solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout.[D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods.Amazon com received one for its“one-click”online payment systemMerrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.One inventor patented a technique for lying a box。
Oral English Test Topics
Oral English Test TopicsUnit 1:HappinessKey Words: Achieve Assume Attitude Factors Improve Optimistic Personalities Positive Relationship SatisfiedKey Sentences:Happy people:1.Satisfied with themselves.2.Feeling comes from inside,not outside.3.Optimistic.Don’t worry about problems.4.Many close relationships.Family and friends.Unhappy people:1.Always want to change.2.Lose weight.3.Assume things will get worse.Worry about their problems.4.Few friends.Work too much.Unit 2:New Kinds of Food (About growing organic food.)Key Words:Altered Dominate Environment Fresh Benefit Harvested Normal Pesticides Risk ConsumeKey Sentences:Benefits:1.Need fewer pesticides.Exp:Corn kills insects that eat the plant.2.Grow bettrt.Exp:Strawberries grow in cold weather.3.Stay fresh longer.Exp:Tomato Stays fresh two months.Risks:1.Dominate other plants.Exp:Tomatoes stronger than other plants.2.Hurt wild animals and insects.Exp:Corn can hurt butterflies that live nearby.3.Harmful to people.Exp:Strawberries have genes from fish.Unit 3:Public ArtKey words:Buge Realistic Surrealistic Features Illustrate Concept Peace Promote Interpert SymbolizesKey Sentences:1. Public art is usually outdoors in public places. It is becoming more popular.2. One purpose of public art is to make cities more beautiful and interesting and let people enjoy art.3. One example is Spoonbridge and Cherry. It is a huge metal sculpture. It is silver and red. It’s an example of pop art, which is art about everyday things.4. Another purpose of pubic art is to illustrate concepts or to promote beliefs.5. One example is Peace. It is a statue of a woman on a horse, and it is a realisticstatue. It is a symbol of peace.6. Another example is Non-Violence. It is a metal sculpture. It looks like a gun tied ina knot. This is impossible, so this sculpture is an example of surrealism. Its purpose is to promote peace.Unit 4:Journey to AntarcticaKey Words:Approached Area Despite Goal Proceed Stuck Rescued Camp Floated SuppliesKey Phrases:Left for (some place) Move off Camp on Stuck in Walk across Live on Travel over Went back to RescueUnit 5:Violence on TelebisionKey Words:Act Assess Average Character Estimate Focused Immediate Impact Link Long-termKey Sentences:1.Cartoons have more acts of violence than adult TV shows.2.When children watch a lot of TV, they are more violent when they are older.3.A child sees about 100,000 acts of violence by age 12.Unit 6:Too Old to LearnKey Words:Accent Adolescents Critical Evidence Conclude Theory Native Period Remove SkillKey Sentences:1.A time when animal and humans must learn something.2. Songbirds: Critical period for learning to sing.Must hear parents’ song.Cats:Critical period for learning to see.Must have light.3.Humans:Critical period for learning to speak without accent.Must be young.Unit 7:Are We Alone?Key Words:Approximately Beings Galaxy Investigate Light years Locate Range Restricted Signal TelescopeKey Sentences:1.Many scientists think there may be other intelligent life in the universe because there are 400 billion stars in our galaxy and 100 billion galaxies in the universe. Other planets can probably support life similar to life on earth.2.The SETI researches for life by using radio telescopes to listen for radio signals from space.3.The SETI project is exciting because we may locate other intelligent beings.4.The SETI project listens to radio signals because radio signals travel quicklythrough space and have a long range.5.Radio singals travel at the speed of light. A radio signal takes four years to reach us from the nearest galaxy, Alpha Centauri. Alpha Centauri is 4.2 light years away.6.On the other hand,rockets travel 10 miles per second. It would take 60,000 years fora rocket to travel to us from the nearest galaxy.7.Radio signals also have a long range. They can travel long distances and are not restricted to one area.8.Rockets are restricted to traveling in one direction.Unit 8:Do the Right Thing.Key Words:Ability Source Analyze Common Funeral Individual Justify Principle Respect RightKey Sentences:1.Ethics:Rules we follow to decide right and wrongPrinciples of indnidual Rights: 1.Each person has the right to think freely and make his or her own decisions.2.Lying is always wrong.2.Principle of common good:1.Helps the most people.2.Harms the fewest people.3.Lying is sometimes wrong.Unit 9:A Good Night’s SleepKey Words:Consequence Deprivation Function Habit Minimum Related Require Recognize Create SurveyKey Phrases:Sleep deprivation Work more Stay up Using the InternetFeeling sleepy A sign of sleep deprivation Sleep-related car accidentUnit 10:Negotiating For SuccessKey Words:Affects Avoid Blames Communicate Conflict Imagine Issue React Solve TechniquesKey Sentences:Place we negotiate:1.Business,agreement to sell;joining two companies2.School,choosing a class project;handing homework late3.Family,where to go on vacation;choosing a TV game show Business:negotiation techniques:Avoid blame--use I statements.。
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting _1_ workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended 2 giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very 3 to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the —4—behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to —5——of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not —6—what was done in the experiment; —7—something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) —8—that they were being experimented upon seemed to be —9—to alter workers' behavior —10—itself.After several decades, the same data were —11—to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store —12—the descriptions on record, no systematic —13—was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to —14—interpretation of what happed. —15—, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output —16—rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. —18—, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers —19—to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before —20— a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hittingPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ―So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,‖ Newman wrote, ―that I am tempted to define ‗journalism‘ as ‗a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.‘‖Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England‘s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus‘s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes. [B] casual style. [C] elaborate layout. [D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days [B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism [D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its "one-click" online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known , is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents."Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment filmsarmed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business [B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting [D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions [B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit [D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word "about-face" (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will [B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude [D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges [B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders [D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, thoseselected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks –is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others [D] are influenced by the initial influential35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted [B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced [D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions,for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules [B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers [D] reevaluate some of their assets.37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A] the diminishing role of management [B] the revival of the banking system[C] the banks' long-term asset losses [D] the weakening of its independence38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to[A] keep away from political influences. [B] evade the pressure from their peers.[C] act on their own in rule-setting. [D] take gradual measures in reform.39. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they[A] misinterpreted market price indicators [B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts. [D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40. The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction. [B] skepticism. [C] objectiveness [D] sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growingnumber of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master→43 → E →45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds weresupposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "postgraduate association" instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part C (10 points)46.科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据迅速来拯救，其大意是：如果鸟类无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们人类。
2010考研英语 (3)
2010考研英语一、考研概况2010年考研英语考试是中国研究生入学考试中的一门科目。
考研英语是全国各大高校统考的科目之一，对于考生来说，英语考试发挥着至关重要的作用。
因此，合理的备考策略和高效的学习方法成为了备考过程中的关键。
本文将从以下几个方面分析2010年考研英语考试的特点和备考要点。
二、考试内容与结构2010年考研英语考试分为两个部分：英语一和英语二。
英语一主要考查考生的阅读理解能力和写作能力，而英语二则重点考察考生的翻译能力和口语表达能力。
2.1 英语一英语一部分主要考察考生的阅读理解能力。
考试内容包括阅读理解和完形填空两个部分。
在阅读理解部分，考生需要阅读一篇或多篇文章，然后回答相关的问题。
在完形填空部分，考生需要从四个选项中选择一个合适的词语来填空。
2.2 英语二英语二部分包括翻译和口语表达两个部分。
翻译部分主要考查考生的翻译能力，考生需要根据所给的中文文章翻译成英文。
口语表达部分主要考查考生的口语表达能力，考生需要回答问题或进行情景对话。
三、备考要点3.1 阅读理解阅读理解是英语一部分的重点内容，备考时需要注重培养阅读理解能力。
可以通过以下方式进行备考：•阅读英文报纸或杂志，提高阅读速度和理解能力；•多做阅读理解练习，熟悉题型和解题技巧；•理解文章的主旨和中心思想，抓住关键词；•学会运用各种阅读策略，如扫读、略读、精读等。
3.2 写作能力写作能力是英语一部分的另一个考察点。
备考时可以采取以下方法：•练习写作，多写英语作文，提高写作水平；•学习写作的基本结构和常用句型；•多读范文，学习优秀作文的写作技巧；•注意语法和拼写的正确性。
3.3 翻译能力翻译能力是英语二部分的重点内容，备考时需要注重培养翻译能力。
可以通过以下方式进行备考：•多进行中英互译练习，提高翻译的准确性和流畅度；•学习常用的翻译技巧和表达方式；•学习词汇和语法知识，丰富词汇量；•多读英文原版书籍，学习英语表达的规范性和地道性。