2020年大学英语六级考试阅读训练题(16)
2020年6月大学英语六级长篇阅读练习题（三篇）
【导语】锲⽽舍之，朽⽊不折；锲⽽不舍，⾦⽯可镂。
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⽆忧考为您提供了“2020年6⽉⼤学英语六级长篇阅读练习题（三篇）”，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注⽆忧考！2020年6⽉⼤学英语六级长篇阅读练习题篇⼀ How Ozone Pollution Works A) The weather report on the radio or TV tells you that it is going to be sunny and hot and that an orange ozone alert has been issued. What is ozone? What does an orange alert mean? Why should you be concerned about it? In this article, we will examine what ozone is, how it is produced, what health hazards it poses and what you can do to reduce ozone pollution. B) Ozone is a molecule of three oxygen atoms bound together (O3). It is unstable and highly reactive. Ozone is used as a bleach, a deodorizing agent, and a sterilization agent for air and drinking water. At low concentrations, it is toxic. Ozone is found naturally in small concentrations in the stratosphere, a layer of Earth’s upper atmosphere. In this upper atmosphere, ozone is made when ultraviolet light from the sun splits an oxygen molecule (O2), forming two single oxygen atoms. If a freed atom collides with an oxygen molecule, it becomes ozone. Stratospheric ozone has been called “good” ozone because it protects the Earth’s surface from dangerous ultraviolet light. C) Ozone can also be found in the troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere. Tropospheric ozone (often termed “bad ” ozone) is man - made, a result of air pollution from internal combustion engines and power plants. Automobile exhaust and industrial emissions release a family of nitrogen oxide gases (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), by-products of burning gasoline and coal. NOx and VOC combine chemically with oxygen to form ozone during sunny, high- temperature conditions of late spring, summer and early fall. High levels of ozone are usually formed in the heat of the afternoon and early evening, dissipating during the cooler nights. D) Although ozone pollution is formed mainly in urban and suburban areas, it ends up in rural areas as well, carried by prevailing winds or resulting from cars and trucks that travel into rural areas. Significant levels of ozone pollution can be detected in rural areas as far as 250 miles downwind from urban industrial zones. E) You can make ozone test strips to detect and monitor ozone levels in your own backyard or around your school. You will need corn starch, filter paper (coffee filters work well) and potassium iodide (can be ordered from a science education supplier such as Carolina Biological Supply or Fisher Scientific). Basically, you make a paste from water, corn starch and potassium-iodide, and you paint this paste on strips of filter paper. You then expose the strips to the air for eight hours. Ozone in the air will react with the potassium iodide to change the color of the strip. You will also need to know the relative humidity, which you can get from a newspaper, weather broadcast or home weather station. F) When you inhale ozone, it travels throughout your respiratory tract. Because ozone is very corrosive, it damages the bronchioles and alveoli in your lungs, air sacs that are important for gas exchange. Repeated exposure to ozone can inflame lung tissues and cause respiratory infections. G) Ozone exposure can aggravate existing respiratory conditions such as asthma, reduce your lung function and capacity for exercise and cause chest pains and coughing. Young children, adults who are active outdoors and people with respiratory diseases are most susceptible to the high levels of ozone encountered during the summer. In addition to effects on humans, the corrosive nature of ozone can damage plants and trees. High levels of ozone can destroy agricultural crops and forest vegetation. H) To protect yourself from ozone exposure, you should be aware of the Air Quality Index (AQI) in your area every day—you can usually find it in the newspaper or on a morning weather forecast on TV or radio. You should also be familiar with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guide for ozone-alert values. I) What do the numbers in the AQI mean? The AQI measures concentrations of five air pollutants: ozone, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. The EPA has chosen these pollutants as criteria pollutants, but these are not all of the pollutants in the air. These concentrations are compared to a standard set out in federal law. An index value of 100 means that all of the criteria pollutants are at the maximum level that is considered safe for the majority of the population. To reduce your exposure to ozone, you should avoid exercising during afternoon and early evening hours in the summer. J) There are several ways you can help to decrease ozone pollution. Limit using your automobile during afternoon and early evening hours in the late spring, summer and early fall. Do not use gasoline-powered lawn equipment during these times. Do not fuel your car during these times. Do not light fires or outdoor grills during these times. Keep the engine of your car or boat tuned. Make sure that your tires are properly inflated. Use environmentally safe paints, cleaning and office products (some of these chemicals are sources of VOC). K) Besides personal attempts to reduce ozone pollution, the EPA has initiated more stringent air-quality standards (such as the Clean Air Act and its modifications) to reduce air pollution. Compliance with these standards by industries, manufacturers and state and local governments has significantly reduced the levels of many common air pollutants. L) With continued conservation and reduction practices, adherence to ozone-pollution warnings, research and government regulation, ozone-pollution levels should continue to fall. Perhaps future generations will not be threatened by this environmental pollutant. M) The thing that determines whether ozone is good or bad is its location. Ozone is good，when it is in the stratosphere. The stratosphere is a layer of the atmosphere starting at the level of about 6 miles (about 10 kilometers) above sea level. The stratosphere naturally contains about six parts per million of ozone, and this ozone is very beneficial because it absorbs UV radiation and prevents it from reaching us. N) Ozone is “bad” when it is at ground level. Ozone is a very reactive gas that is hard on lung tissue. It also damages plants and buildings. Any ozone at ground level is a problem. Unfortunately, chemicals in car exhaust and chemicals produced by some industries react with light to produce lots of ozone at ground level. In cities, the ozone level can rise to a point where it becomes hazardous to our health. That’s when you hear about an ozone warning on the news. 1. When ultraviolet rays from the sun separate an oxygen molecule into two single oxygen atoms in the stratosphere, the combination of a single oxygen atom and an oxygen molec u l e f o r m s o z o n e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 6 " > 0 0 2 . Y o u ca n m a k e o z o n e t e s t s t r i p sb y y o u r s e l f t o f i n d o u t a b o u t o z o n e l e v e l s i n y o u r o w n l oc a l e . / p > pb d s f i d = " 1 2 7 " > 0 0 3 . L o n g - t i m e e x p o s u r e t o o z o n e i s b a d l y h a r m f u l t o o u r r e s p i r a t o r y s y s t e m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 8 " > 0 0 4 . C h e m ic a l s i n i nd u s t r i a l w a s te g a s a n d v e h i c l e e x h a u s t r e a c t w i t h l i g h t t of o r m l o t s o f o z o n e a tg r o u n d l e v e l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 9 " > 0 0 5 . I n t e r n a l c o m b u s t i o n e n g i n e s a n d p o w e r p l a n t s c a u s e th e a r ti f i c i a l t r o p o s p h e r i c o z o n e , a l s o k n o w n a s b a d o z o n e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 0 " > 0 0 6 . O z o n e i s v e r y h e l p f u l b e c a u s e i t a b s o r b s U V r a d i a t i o n a n d s e p a r a t e s u s f r o m i t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 1 " > 0 0 7 . U s i n g g a s o l i n e - p o w e r e d l a w n e q u i p m e n t i n t h e l a t e s p r i n g , s u m m e r a n d e a r l y f a l l m a y i n c r e a s e o z o n e p o l l u t i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 2 " > 0 0 8 . O z o n e p o l l u t i o n o c c u r s i n u r b a n a n d s u b u r b a n a r e a s a s w e l l a s i n r u r a l a r e a s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 3 " > 0 0 9 . I n o r d e r t o d e c r e a s e o z o n e p o l l u t i o n , t h e E P A h a s s e t u p m o r e r i g o r o u s a i r - q u a l i t y s t a n d a r d s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 4 " > 0 0 1 0 . P a y c l o s e a t t e n t i o n t o t h e A i r Q u a l i t y I n d e x i n y o u r a r e a e v e r y d a y c a n k e e p y o u a w a y f r o m o z o n e e x p o s u r e . / p >。
2020年7月大学英语六级考试试题(完整版)
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In ihh section, you wilt hear two long cont^rsaiions. At the end of each conization. you will hear four questions. Rnth the coni^crsaiMn and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a que.ion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA), B) . C) and D), Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) She is a great athlete. C) She is a famous scientist.B)She is a famed speaker. D) She is a noted inventor2.A) How knowledge of human biochemistry has been evolving.B)How nutrition helps athletcs, performance in competitions.C)How scientific training enables athletes to set new records.D)I low technology has helped athletes to scale new heights.3.A) Our physical structures. C) Our biochemical process.B)Our scientific knowledge. D) Our concept of nutrition.4.A) It may increase the expenses of sports competitions.B)It may lead to athletes9 ovcr-rcliancc on equipment.C)It may give an unfair advantage to some athletes.D)It may change the nature of sports competitions.Questions 5 to 8 arc based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A) Experience. C) Family background.B)Flexibility. D) Business connections.6.A) Buying directly from factories.B)Shipping goods in bulk by sea.C)Having partners in many parts of the world.D)Using the same container back and forth.7.A) Warehouses.B)Factories. C)Investors.D)Retailers.6 • 16 • 2C) Lower import duties. D) Lower shipping costs.Section B Directions ： In this section , you will hear two parages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Roth the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. .After you heara question, you must choose the bexl answer from the jour choicer marked .4 ) , R).C) and 1)}. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sh&€t 1 ui/h a single line throughlhe centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard*9. A) It helps employees to reduce their stress.B) It prevents employees from feeling bored.C) H strengthens harmony among employees.D) It helps employees to view things positively.10. A) Weekends arc conducive to reducing stress.B) Humor is vital to interpersonal relationships.C) All workers experience some emotional stress.D) Humor can help workers excel at routine tasks.ILA) Smash the toys to release their bottled-up resentments.B) Take the boss doll apart as long as they reassemble it.C) Design and install stress-reducing gadgets,D) Strike at the boss doll as hard as they like.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) lhe recent finding of a changed gene in obese mice.B) A breakthrough in understanding gene modification.C) A newly discovered way fbr people to lose weight.D) The self-repairing ability of a gene in obese mice.13. A) It renders an organism unable to fight diseases.B) It prevents the mice's fatty tissues from growing.C) It helps organisms adapt to environmental changes.D) It renders mice unable lo sense when to stop 槌ling,8. A) Trendy style.B) Unique design.6 • 314. A) Human beings have more obesity genes than most mice do.B) Half of a person's total weight variaiion can be controlled.C) People are bom with a tendency to have a certain weight.D) The function of the obesity genes is yet to be explored.15. A) The worsening of natural environment.B) The abundant provision of rich foods.C) The accelerated pace of present-day life.D) The adverse impact of the food industry.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or Jour(juestwns. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you mtist choosethe best answer from thr Jimr choices marked 4 ) , B) , C) and D). Then mark lhecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through lhe centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) Similarity in interests.B) Mental stimulation.17. A) The willingness to offer timely help.B) The joy Ibund in each other's company.18. A) Failure to keep a promise.B) Lack of frankness. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Along the low-lying Colorado River.B) At the Dinosaur National Monument.C) Along the border of the U.S. and Canada.D) At museums of natural history in large cities.20. A) Volcanic explosions could bring whole animal species to extinction.B) Some natural disaster killed a whole herd of dinosaurs in the area.C) The pit should be carefully preserved fbr the study of dinosaurs.D) The whole region must have been struck by a devastating flood.21. A) They floated down an eastward flowing river.B) They lay buried deep in the sand for millions of years.C) Openness. D) Compassion. C) Personal bonds. D) Emotional lactors. C) Feelings of bcirayal. D) Loss of contact.C)They were skeletons of dinosaurs inhabiting the locality.D)They were remains of dinosaurs killed in a volcanic explosion.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A) Indulging in seeking leisure and material comfort.B)Attaching too much importance to independence.C)Failing to care fbr parents in the traditional way.D)Leaving their parents on the verge of starvation.23.A) They have great difficulty living by themselves.B)They have little hope of getting any family care,C)They have fond memories of their good old days.D)They have a sense of independence and autonomy.24.A) People in many parts of the world preferred small-sized families.B)There have been extended families in most parts of the world.C)Many elderly people were unwilling to take care of their grandchildren.D)So many young Americans refused to live together with their parents.25.A) Leave their younger generations alone.B)Avoid being a burden to their children.C)Stay healthy by engaging in joyful activities.D)View things from their children 1 s perspective.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this aectu)n, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list 时choices given in a word bank ftdlowing the passg也Read the throufjh carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bunk is identified by a letter. Please mark the corre^pcmdirtff letter Jor each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the eerUre. You may nnt use any nf the words in the hank nu)re lluin once.The United Nations issued a report last week warning that humans are destroying nature at such a rate that life on Earth is at risk. When the report came out. it naturally 26 headlines. But obviously it didn't hijack the news agenda in the manner of a major terrorist attack or 27 of war.The report from lhe Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is clear on what's al 28 and what needs to change. IPBES chair Robert Watson says the " 29 evidence"6 • 4presents an a ominous (凶兆的)picture**. ° The health of ecosystems on which wc and all other species depend is 30 more rapidly than ever/* Robert Watson said. * Wc are 3】the very foundations of our economies, livelihoods, food security, health and quality of life worldwide." I he report says it's not too late if we make u transformative change"—fundamental, system-wide reorganization—at every level from local to global, and we need to focus on how lo make that happen.First, don't indulge in despair, because despair leads to inertia and doing nothing means certain 32 , Every action to save nature will improve our collective and personal futures and the only way to respond to a threat of this scale is with 33 action rooted in headstrong optimism. Second, we need relentless focus, just like when paramedics (救护人员)arrive on a scene and use the concept of ^triage (伤员鉴别分类)"to ensure the most 34 cases get treated first. Saving the natural world needs that kind of thinking. We don't have the 35 to do everything at once. We need to make hard choices,Section BDirections: In this seclu)n, you are going lo read a passage with len slalemenh allached lo it. Each statement contains in/ormalion git^n in one of the paragraphs. Identify lhe paragraph from which lheinfonnaiion is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer lhe tfucslions by marking the co,泌ponding leilrr on Answer Sheet 2Children Understand Far More About Other Minds Than Long BelievedA)Until a few decades ago, scholars believed that young children know very little, if anything, about whatothers arc thinking, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget, who is credited with (bunding the scientific study of children's thinking, was convinced that preschool children cannot consider what goes on in the minds of others. The interviews and experiments he conducted with kids in the middle of the 20th century suggested that they were trapped in their subjective viewpoints,incapable of imagining what others think, feel or believe.B)Much of lhe subsequent research on early childhood thinking was highly influenced by Piaget's ideas.Scholars sought to refine his theory and empirically confirm his views. But it became increasingly clear6 • 5that Piaget seemed to have gravely underestimated the intcllcciual powers of very young kids before they can make themselves understood by speech. Researchers began to devise ever more ingenious ways of figuring out what goes on in the minds of babies, and the resulting picture of their abilities shows subtle variations. Consequently, the old view of children s egocentric (自我中心的)nature and intellectual weaknesses has increasingly fallen out of favor and become replaced by a more generous position that sees a budding sense not only of the physical world but also of other minds, even in the 44 youngest young.MC)Historically, children didn't receive much respect for their mental powers. Piaget not only believed thatchildren were u egocentric M in the sense that they were unable to differentiate between their own viewpoint and that of others; he was also convinced that their thinking was characterized by systematic errors and confusions. When playing with others, they don't cooperate because they do not realize there are different roles and perspectives. He was convinced that children literally cannot ° get their act together": instead of playing cooperatively and truly together, they play side by side, with little regard for others. And when speaking with others, a young child supposedly cannot consider the listenefs viewpoint but u talks to himself without listening to othersD)Piaget and his followers maintained that children go through something like a dark age of intellectualdevelopment before slowly and gradually becoming enlightened by reason and rationality as they reach school age. Alongside this enlightenment develops an ever growing understanding of other persons, including their attitudes and views of the world.E)Today, a very diflcrcni picture of children's mental development emerges. Psychologists continually revealnew insights into the depth of young children's knowledge of the world, including their understanding of other minds. Recent studies suggest that even infants arc sensitive to others' perspectives and beliefs.F)Part of the motivation to revise some of Piagets conclusions stemmed from an ideological shift about lheorigin of human knowledge that occurred in the second half of the 20th century. It became increasingly unpopular to assume that a basic understanding of the world can be built entirely from experience. This was in pari prompted by theorist Noam Chomsky, who argued that something as complex as lhe rules of grammar cannot be picked up from exposure to speech, but is supplied by an inborn language faculty.0 Others followed suit and defined liirthcr "core areas M in which knowledge allegedly cannot be pieced together from experience but must be possessed at birth. One such area is our knowledge of others' minds.Some even argue that a basic knowledge of others' minds is not only possessed by human infants, but must be evolutionanly old and henceshared by our nearest living relatives, the great apes.G)To prove that infants know more in this realm than had been acknowledged, researchers needed to comeup with innovative ways of showing it. A big part of why we now recognize so much more of k】ds' intellectual capacities is the development of much more sensitive research tools than Piaget had at his disposal.6 • 6H)Instead of engaging babies in dialog or having them execute complex motor tasks, the newer methodscapitalize on behaviors that have a firm place in infants* natural behavior repertoire: looking, listening, sucking, making facial expressions, gestures and simple manual actions. The idea of focusing on these “small behaviors" is that they give kids the chance to demonstrate their knowledge implicitly and spontaneously without having to respond to questions or instructions. For example, children might look longer at an event that they did not expect to happen, or they might show facial expressions indicating that they have sympathetic concern for others. When researchers measure these less demanding, and often involuntary, behaviors, they can detect a sensitivity to others' mental states at a much younger age than with the more taxing methods that Piaget and his followers deployed.I)In the 1980s, these kinds of implicit measures became customary in developmental psychology. But it tooka while longer before these tools were employed to measure children's grasp of the mental lives of others.J)In a set of experiments, my colleagues at the University of Southern California and I found evidence that babies can even anticipate how others will feel when their expectations arc disappointed. We acted out several puppet (木饵)shows in front of two-year-old children. In these puppcl shows, a protagonist (Cookie Monster) left his precious belongings (cookies) on stage and laicr relumed to fetch them. What the protagonist did not know was that an antagonist had come and messed with his possessions. The children had witnessed these acts and attentively watched the protagonist rclum. Wc recorded children's facial and bodily expressions. Children bit their lips, wrinkled their nose or wiggled(扭动)in their chair when the protagonist came back, as if they anticipated the bewilderment and disappointment he was about to experience. Importantly, children showed no such reactions and remained calm when the protagonist had seen the events himself and thus knew what to expect. Our study reveals that by the tender age of two. kids not only track what others believe or expect; they can even foresee how others will feel when they discover reality.K)Studies like this reveal that there is much more going on in small kids' and even infants, minds than was previously believed. With the explicit measures used by Piaget and successors, these deeper layers of kids' understanding cannot be accessed. The new investigative tools demonstrate that kids know more than they can say: when we scratch beneath the surface, we line! an emergingunderstanding of relations and perspectives that Piaget probably did not dream of.L)Despite these obvious advances in the study of young children's thinking, it would be a grave mistake to dismiss the careful and systematic analyses compiled by Piaget and others before the new tests dominated the scene because the original methods revealed essential facts about how children think that the new methods cannot uncover.M)There's no consensus in today's science community about how much we can infer from a look, a facial expression or a hand gesture. These behaviors clearly indicate a curiosity about what goes on in the mind of others, and probably a set of early intuitions coupled with a willingness to learn more. They pave the way to6 • 7richer and more explicit forms of understanding of lhe minds of others. Bui they can in no way replace lhe child's growing ability to articulate and refine her understanding of how people behave and why.36.Piaget believed that small children could not collaborate with others while playing.37.The author and his colleagues' study shows two-year-olds may be able to predict other people s feelings.38.In (he latter half of the last century, fewer and fewer people believed (he basis for our understanding ofthe world is wholly empirical.39.Research conducted by Jean Piaget in lhe last century suggested babies were insensitive to others' thinking.40.Our improved understanding of babies intellectual power is attributable to better research tools.41.It Jias been found in recent research that even sirnll babies are sensitive to other people's points of view.42.Scientists are still debating what inference can be drawn from certain physical expressions of a child.43.The newer research meihods Ibcus on infants' simple behaviors instead of requiring them lo answerquestions.44.With the progress in psychology, the traditional view of children's self-centered nature and limitedthinking abilities has become less and less inilucnliaL45.Even though marked advances have been made, it is wrong to dismiss Piagefs fundamental contributionsto the sludy of kids' cognitive abilities.Section CDirections: There are 2 parages in this section. Each passage M followed by some (fuestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and /)). You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrou/jh the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on lhe rollowing passage.People often discuss the dangers of too much stress, but lately a very different view of stress is gaining popularity: this view of stress, held by members of the positive stress movement, argues that stress might actually be beneficial. The positive stress movement is made up of people such as Zachary Rapp who are looking fbr an edge in a compclitive world, and Rapp's routine is a good example of followers of the movement.6 • 8He wakes up most mornings at dawn, goes tor a run, sips black coffee while ripping through emails, and then steps into a freezing cold shower. This is a routine designed to reduce the stress of running simultaneously three different health and biotechnology companies for 18 hours a day.Although Rapp's practices may sound extreme, he is part of a growing movement, consisting largely of tech industry workers who claim that such radical tactics will help them live better and longer. Inspired by influential figures in different fields, including entertainers, athletes, entrepreneurs and scientists, positive stress practitioners seek out some combination of extreme temperatures, restrictive diets, punishing exercise routines and general discomfort.Rapp argues that positive stress keeps him balanced. In addition to ninning and freezing showers, Rapp uses ice baths, hot yoga, and unconventional eating practices such as eliminating dairy, sugar, alcohol and various other foods high tn carbohydrates. He believes that these practices, which put stress on his body, actually make him feel less stress from work. However, Rapp docs not credit anyone in particular for his choices: he said he sianed using these methods in college, where he goi into the habit of taking ice baths to recover from sports. He got back into ii while trying to get his three companies off the ground.Rapp works long hours and sleeps only five to seven hours a night but he said he only gets sick once a year. For him, the difference between day-to-day stress, like the kind wc feel when moving apartments, and positive stress is that the latter involves pushing lhe body to extremes and forcing it to build up a tolerance.One thought leader in the positive stress world is Dutch extreme athlete Wim llof t who earned the name 44 ice man" fbr his ability to withstand severe cold using deep breathing exercises. Hofs ideas have become popular among tech industry elites and, thanks to Hof, cold showers arc now a trend; indeed, some even call it a form of therapy.But it is important to note that not everyone agrees with these practitioners; indeed, some medical professionals argue that positive stress is not for everyone, and that it might even be dangerous for people who are unhealthy or older.46.What do we learn about followers of the positive stress movement?A)They are usually quite sensitive to diflerent types of stress.B)They hold a different view on stress from the popular one.C)They derive much pleasure from living a very hectic life.D)They gain a competitive edge by enjoying good health.47.What do followers of the positive stress movement usually do to put their ideas into practice?A)They keep changing lheir living habits.B)They network with influential figures.C)They seek jobs in tech industries.D)They apply extreme tactics.48.What does Zachary Rapp say about his unconventional practices?6 • 9A)They help him combat stress ironi work.B)They enable him to cut down living expenses.C)They enable him to recover from injuries and illnesses.D)They help him get three companies enlisted all at once.49.What can be inferred from the passage about day-to-day stress?A)Il is harmful to one's physical and mental health.B)It does not di tier in essence from positive stress.C)It is something everybody has to live with.D)It does not help build up one's tolerance.50.What do some medical professionals think of positive stress?A)Ils true cfleet remains lo be verified.B)Its side cflcct should not be ignored.C)Its effect varies considerably from person to person.D)Its practitioners should not take it as a to mi of therapy.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 arc based on the following passage.Is hunting good or bad lor the environment? Like so many hot button issues, the answer to this question depends upon who you ask. On the one hand, some say, nothing could be more natural than hunting, and indeed just about every animal species—including humans—has been either predator or prey at some point in its evolution. And, ironic as it sounds, since humans have wiped out many animal predators, some see hunting as a nalural way to reduce the herds of prey animals that now reproduce beyond 山c environments carrying capacity.On the other hand, many environmental and animal advocates see hunting as savage, arguing that it is morally wrong to kill animals, regardless of practical considerations. According to Glenn Kirk of the California-based The Animals' Voice, hunting u causes immense suflcring to individual wild animals…"and is " irrationally cruel because unlike nalural predation(抻食).hunters kill ibr pleasure...” He adds that, despite hunters' claims that hunting keeps wildlife populations in balance, hunters* license fees are used io M manipulate a few game species into overpopulation at the expense of a much larger number of non-gamc species, resulting in the loss of biological diversity, genetic integrity and ecological balance."Beyond moral issues> others contend that hunting is not practical. According to the Humane Society of the United Stales, the vast majority of hunted species—such as waterfowl, rabbits, upland birds and mourning doves—" provide minimal nutrilion and do not require population control.*Author Gaiy E. Vamer suggests in his book. In Aa/zzrr s /nterests. that some types of hunting may be morally justifiable while others may not be. Hunting " designed to secure the aggregate welfare of the urget6 •10species, the integrity of its ecosystem, or both"—what Varner terms therapeutic hunting"—is defensible, while subsistence and sport hunting—both of which only benefit human beings—is not.Regardless of one's individual stance, fewer Americans hunt today than in recent history. Data gathered by lhe U.S. Fish & Wildlifb Service in 2006 show that only five percent of Americans— some 12.5 million individuals—consider themselves hunters today, down from nine percent in 2001 and 15 percent in 1996.Public support for hunting, however, is on the rise. A 2007 survey by Responsive Management Inc. found that eighty percent of respondents agreed that ° hunting has a legitimate place in modem society/ and the percentage of Americans indicating disapproval of hunting declined from 22 percent in 1995 to 16 percent in 2007.Perhaps matching the trend among the public, green leaders arc increasingly advocating cooperation between hunters and environmental groups: After all, both deplore urban sprawl and habitat destruction.51.What docs the author say sounds ironic?A)Some predators may often lum out to be prey of other predators.H) Hunting may also be a solution to the problem caused by hunting.C)The species of prey animals continue to vary despite humans' hunting.D)The number of prey animals keeps rising despite env ironmen lai change.52.What does Glenn Kirk think of charging hunters license tees?A)It keeps game population under control.B)It turns hunting into a sport of the rich.C)It leads to ecological imbalance.D)It helps stop killing for pleasure.53.What is the argument of the Humane Society of the United States against hunting?A)Overpopulation is not an issue for most hunted animals.B)Hunting deprives animal populations of their food sources.C)Many birds and small animals are being irrationally killed.D)Hunting is universally acknowledged as a savage behavior.54.When is hunting morally justifiable according to Gary E. Varner?A)When it benefits animals and their ecosystem.B)When it serves both human and animal interests.C)When it is indispensable to humans* subsistence.D)When it stabilizes the population of animal species.55.What concept are green leaders trying to promote?A)Eficctive protection of animal habitats.B)Strict control over urban development.C)Coordinated ellbrts of hunters and environmentalists.6 •11D) A compromise between development and animal protection.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions：For this part f you arr allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.《三国演义》(The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)是中国一部普名的历史小说，写于「四世纪。
2020年9月大学英语六级考试阅读真题及参考答案汇总（2套）
2020年9月大学英语六级考试阅读真题及参考答案汇总（2套）2020年9月大学英语六级考试阅读真题及答案【选词填空第1套】26.L.realms27.C.heavily28.H.mastering29.B. fatigue30.E.hospitalized31.J. obsessed32.F. labeled33.N. ruin34.K.potential35.A.contrary【选词填空第2套】26.D. hierarchy27.H. logistical28.E. insight29.M. saturated30.L. rarely31.O. undoubtedly32.J. outcomes33.A. bond34.l. magically35.K. patterns【信息匹配第1套】How Telemedicine Is Transforming Healthcare36.D段落第一句None of this is to say that telemedicine37.H段落第一句Many health plans and employers haverushed38.E段落第一句What's more,for all the rapid growth39.B段落第一句Doctors are linking up with40.K段落第一句Who pays for the services?41.O段落第一句To date,17 states have joined42.G段落第一句Do patients trade quality for convenience?43.F段落第一句Some critics also question whether44.I段落第一句But critics worry that such45.N段落第一句Is the state-by-state regulatory system【信息匹配第2套】Six Potential Brain Benefits of Bilingual Education36.H.段落第一句Do these same advantages benefit a child who begins learninga second language in kindergarten in-stead of as a baby?37.C段落第一句Traditional programs for English-language learners,38.J段落第一句About 10 percent of students in the Port-land,39.D段落第一句The trend flies in the face of some of the culture wars of two decades ago,40.M段落第一句American public school classrooms as a whole are becoming more segregated by race and class Du-al-language programs can be an exception.41.E段落第一句Some of the insistence on English-first was founded on research produced decades ago,42.B段落第一句Again and again,researchers have found, "bilingualism is an experience that shapes our brain for life,43.P段落第一句A review of studies published last year found that cognitive advantages failed to appear in 83 per-cent of published studies,44.G段落第一句People who speak two languages oftenoutperform monolinguals on general measures of executive function.45.N段落第一句Several of the researchers also pointed out that,【仔细阅读第1套】46-50 (Sleeplessness)46.C They are deeply impressed by Danielle Steel's dailywork schedule.47.A She could serve as an example of industriousness.48.A They are questionable.49.C It may symbolise one's importance and success.50.B The general public should not be encouraged to follow it.51-55 (Organic farming)51.B Organic farming may be exploited to solve the global food problem.52.D It is not that productive.53.C Inequality in food distribution.54.B It is not conducive to sustainable development.55.D Organic farming does long-term good to the ecosys-tem.【仔细阅读第2套】46-50(Public health)46.B People disagree as to who should do what.47.A Governments have a role to play.48.B They have not come up with anything more construc-tive.49.D To justify government intervention in solving the obesity problem.50.C When individuals have the incentive to act according-ly.51-55 (The Coral Sea，proposal）51.A It is exceptionally rich in marine life.52 .D Complete the series of marine reserves around its coast.53 .A The government has not done enough for marine protection54 .D lt is a tremendous joint effort to protect the range of marine habitats55 .C It will protect regions that actually require little pro-tection。
2020年7月大学英语六级考试真题答案
ListeningCONEVERSATION1-Tonight,we have a very special guest,Mrs.Ana Sanchez is a threetime Olympic champion and author of the new book To the Edge.Mrs,Sanchez,thank you for joining us.-Thank you for having me.-Let’s start with your book.What does the title to the Edge mean?What are you referring to? -The book is about how science and technology has helped push humans to the edge of their physical abilities.I argue that in the past20years we have had the best athletes the world has ever seen.But is this a fair comparison?How do you know how,say,a football player from50years ago would compare to one today?-Well,you are right.-That comparison would be perhaps impossible to make.But thepoint is more about our knowledge today of human biochemistry,nutrition and mechanics.I believe that while our b odies have notchanged in thousands of years,what has changed is the scientificknowledge. This has allowed athletes to push the limits of whatwas previously thought possible.-That’s interesting.Please tell us more about these perceived limits.-The world has seen sports records being broken.That could only be broken with the aid of technology,whether this be the speedof a tennis serve or the fastest time in100meter dash or200meter swimming race.-ls there any concern that technology is giving some athletes anunfair advantage over others?-That is an interesting question and one that has to be considered very carefully.Skis,for example,went from being made of wood to a metal alloy,which allows for better control and faster speed.There is no stopping technological progress.But as I said,each sit-uation should be considered carefully on a case by case basis.Questions one to four are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.What do we learn about Anna Sanchez?2.What is the woman's book mainly about?3.What has changed in the past thousands of years?4.What is the man's concern about the use of technology in sportscompetitions?CONEVERSATION2-l’ve worked in international trade all my life.My father did so tobefore me.So I guess you could say it runs in the family.-What products have you worked with?-All sorts,really.l've imported textiles,machinery,toys,solar panels,all kinds of things.Over the years,trends in demand comeand go.So what needs to be very flexible to succeed in this indus-try?-I see.What goods are you trading now?-I now import furniture from China into Italy and foods from Italyinto China.I even use the same container.It’s a very efficient wayof conducting trade.-The same container.You mean you own a40foot cargo container?-Yeah,that’s right.I have a warehouse in Genoa,Italy,and another in Shanghai.I source mid century modern furniture from different factories in China.It’s a very good value for money,I collect it allin my warehouse and then dispatch it to my other warehouse inItaly over there.I do the same, but with Italian foods instead offurniture,things like pasta,cheese,wine,chocolate.And I send allthat to my warehouse in China in the same freight container I usefor the furniture. -So I presume you sell both lines of products wholesale in each re-spective country?-Of course,I possess a network of clients and partners in bothcountries.That’s the main benefit of having done this for So long.I’ve made great business contacts over time.-How many times do you ship?-I did12shipments last year,18this year,and I hope to grow toaround25next year.That’s both ways.There and back again.Demand for authentic Italian food in China is growing rapidly.And similarly,sales of affordable,yet stylish wooden furniture are also increasing in Italy.Furniture is marginally more profitable,mostlybecause it enjoys lower customs duties. Questions five to eight are based on the conversation you havejust heard.5.What does the woman think is required to be successful in theinternational trade?6.What does the woman say is special about her way of doingchange?7.What does the woman have in both Italy and China?8.What does the woman say makes furniture marginally moreListeningLELECTURE1Qualities of a relationship such as openness,compassion and mental stimulation are of concern to most of us regardless of sex,but-judging from the questionnaire response-they are more important to women than to men.Asked to consider the ingredients of close friendship,women rated these qualities above all others.Men assigned a lower priorityto them in favor of similarity in interests,selected by77percent of men,and responsivenes in a crisis,chosen by61percent of male respondents.Mental stimulation,ranked third in popularity by men as well as women,was the only area of overlap.Among men,only28 percent named open-ness as an importan quality;caring was picked by just23per-cent.It is evident by their selections that when women speak of close friendships,they are referring to emotional factors,whilemen emphasize the pleasure they find in a friend’s company.That is,when a man speaks of"a friend"he is likely to be talking about someone he does thingswith-a teammate,a fellow hobbyist,adrinking buddy.These activities are the fabric of the friendship;itis a"doing"relationship in which similarity in interests is the keybond.This factor was a consideration of less than11percent of women.Women opt for a warm,emotional atmosphere where communication flows freely;activity is mere stly,men,aswe have seen,have serious questions about each other’s loyalty.Perhaps this is why they placed such strong emphasis on responsiveness in a crisis. Someone I can call on for help,Women,as their testimonies indi-cate,are generally more secure with each other and consequently are more likely to treat this issue lightly.Infollow-up interviewsthis was confirmed numerous times as woman after woman indicated that"being there when needed was taken for granted."As for the hazards of friendship, more than a few relationships havebeen shattered because of cutthroat competition and feelings of betrayal.This applies to both men and women,but unequally.Incomparison, nearly twice as many men complained about theseissues as women.Further,while competition and betrayal are the main thorns to female friendship,men are plagued in almostequal amounts by two additional issues,lack of frankness and a fear of appearing unmanly.Obviously,for a man,a good friend-ship is hard to find.Question16to18.Based on the recording you have just heard16.What quality do men value most concerning friendship according to a questionnaire response?17.What do women refer to when speaking of close friendships?18.What may threaten a friendship for both men and women?LECTURE2Recording to the partial skeletons of more than20dinosaurs andthe scattered bones of about300more have been discovered in Utah and Colorado.At what is now theDinosaur National Monu-ment.Many of the best specimens may be seen today at museumsof natural history in the largest cities of the United States and Canada.This dinosaur pit isthe largest and best preserved deposit of dinosaurs known today.Many people get the idea from themassive bones and the pit bull that some disaster,such as a volcanic explosion or a sudden flood,killed a whole herd of dinosaursin this area.This could have happened,but it probably did not.The main reasons for thinking otherwise are the scattered bonesand the thickness of the deposit.In other deposits where the ani-mals were thought to have died together,the skeletons were usually complete and often all the bones were in their proper places.Rounded pieces of fossil bones have been found here.These fragments got their smooth round shape,though,rolling along thestream bottom.In a mass killing,the bones would have been lefton the stream or lake bottom together at the same level.But in this deposit,the bones occur throughout a zone of sandstone about12feet thick.The mixture of swamp dwellers and dry landtypes also seems to indicate that the deposit is a mixture from dif-ferent places.The pit area is a large dinosaur graveyard,not a place where they died.Most of the remains probably floated downon eastward flowing river until they were left on a shallow sandbar.Some of them may have come from far away dry land areas tothe west.Perhaps they drowned trying to cross a small stream orwashed away during floods. Some of the swamp dwellers mayhave got stuck in the very sandbar that became their grave.Others may have floated for miles before being stranded.Even today,similar events take place when floods come in the spring.Sheep,castling,deer are often trapped by rising waters and often drown.Their dead bodies float downstream until the flood recedesand leaves them stranded on a bar or shore where they lie half buried in the sand until they decay.Early travelers on the Mis-souri River reported that shores and bars were often lined with the decaying bodies of Buffalo that had died during spring floods.Questions19to21are based on the recording you have just heard.19.Where can many of the best dinosaur specimens be found inNorth America?20.What occurs to many people when they see the massive bonesin the pit wall?21.What does the speaker suggest about the large number of di-nosaur bones found in the pet? LECTURE3I would like particularly to talk about the need to develop a newstyle of aging in our own society.Young people in this country have been accused of not caring for their parentsthe way they would have in the old country.And this is true.But it is also true that old people have been influenced by an American ideal of independence and autonomy.So we live alone,perhaps on theverge of starvation in time without friends.But we are independent.This standard American style has been forced on every ethnic group,although there are many groups for whom the idealis not practical.It is a poor ideal in pursuing it do es a great deal ofharm.This ideal of independence also contains a tremendous amount of unselfishness.In talking to today’s young mothers.I have asked them what kind of grandmothers they think they aregoing to be.I hear devoted,loving mothers say that when they are through raising their children,they have no intention of becoming grandmothers. They were astonished to hear that in most of the world,throughout most of its history, families have been three orfour generation families living under the same roof.We have over-emphasized the small family unit,father,mother,small children.We think it is wonderful if grandma and grandpa,if they’re stillalive,can live alone.We have reached the point where we think the only thing we can do for our children is to stay out of their way. And the only thing we can do for our daughter in law is to see as lttle of her as possible.All peoples nursing homes.Eventhe best run are flled with older people who believe the only thing they can do for their children is to look cheerful when they come to visit.So in the end,older people have to devote all their energies to not being a burden.We are beginning to see what atremendous price we’ve paid for emphasis on independence andautonomy. We’ve isolated old people and we’ve cut off the children from their grandparents.One of the reasons we have as bada generation gap today as we do is that grandparents have stepped out.Young people are being deprived of the thing theyneed most perspective to know why their parents behave So peculiarly and why their grandparents say the things they do. Questions22to25based on recording you have just heard.22.What of young Americans being accused of?23What does the speaker say about old people in the UnitedStates?24.What is astonishing to the young mothers interviewed by thespeaker?25.What does the speaker say old people try their best to do?Listening1.A She is a great athlete.解析：同义替换Olympic Champion athlete2.D How technology has helped athlete to scale new heights.解析:视听一致+同意替换push humans totheir edge of physical abili.ty=scale new heights.3.B Our scientific knowledge.解析：视听一致4.C It may give an unfair advantage to someathletes,解析：视听一致5.B Flexibility.解析：视听一致6.D Using the same container back and forth.解析：视听一致7.A Warehouses.解析：视听一致8.C Lower impor duties.解析:视听一致+同意替换importduties-custom duties9.A It helps employees to reduce their stress.解析：视听一致（乱序全篇有stress reducing=reduce their stress)10.D Humor can help workers excel at routinetasks.解析：视听一致11.B Take the boss doll apart as long as theyreassemble it,解析：视听一致+同义转换put...back inplace=reassemble it12.A The recent finding of a changed gene inobese mice.解析:视听一致+同意替换the latestdiscovery-recent finding13.D It renders mice unable to sense when tostop eating.14.解析:视听一致+同意替换can’t tell-unableto sense14.c People are born with a tendency to have acertain weight.解析：视听一致15,B The abundant provision of rich foods.解析：视听一致16.A Similarity in interests.解析：视听一致17.D Emotional factors.解析:视听一致(问女生，要通过问题判断)18.C Feelings of betrayal.解析:视听一致(问男女共同点，要通过问题判断)19.D At museums of natural history in largecities.解析:视听一致(要通过问题判断)20.B Some natural disaster killed a whole herdof dinosaurs in thearea,21.A The floated down an eastward of flowingriver.22.c Failing to care for parents in the traditional way.解析:视听一致+同意替换(not caring-failing to care,in an oldcoun-try=in the traditional way) 23.D The have a sense of independence andautonomy.24,B There have been extended families in mostparts of theworld,解析：视听一致+同义替换(three orfour-generation family=extendedfamilies)25.B Avoid being a burden to their children.解析:视听一致+同义替换(not=avoid)Reading(1]选词填空26.G grabbed27.B declaration28.M stake29.K overwhelming30.C deteriorating31.F eroding32.E disaster33.D determined34.0urgent35,A capacity段落匹配36.C Historically,children didn't receive...37.J In a set of experiments...38.F Part of the motivation..39.A Until a few decades ago...40.G To prove that infants know more..41.E Today,a very different picture...42.M There's no consensus....43.H Instaed of engaging babies...44.B Much of the subsequent research..45.L Despite these obvious advances...仔细阅读46.B They hold a different view on stress from the popular one.47.D They apply extreme tactics.48.A They help him combat stress from work.49.D It does not help build up one's tolerance.50.C Its effect varies considerably from person to person.51.B Hunting may also be a solution to the problem caused by hunting.52.C It leads to ecological imbalance.53.A Overpopulation is not an issue for most hunted animals.54.A When it benefits animals and their ecosystem.55.C Coordinated efforts of hunters and environmentalists.Translation[1]《三国演义》(The Romance of the Three Kingdoms)是中国-部著名的历史小说，写于十四世纪。
2020年7月大学英语六级考试真题汇总
Part I Writing (30 minutes) 【试题】Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the saying “The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.”You should write at least 150words but no more than 200words.【参考范文】While we all desire to lead an ideal lifestyle some day, most of us tend to do no more than create a blueprint for, or even daydream about, it. Some may excuse themselves by claiming they are not ready to get started. Actually, they have yet to realize the truth of that saying: The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.Tomorrow is utterly unpredictable, whereas only today can be under control. This undisputed fact implies that attaining any goal requires us to seize the day and live it to the fullest. If we want to, for example, improve our physical fitness, just begin by going jogging this evening, rather than waste time making workout plans for the following weeks. It does not mean planning is of little value. The point is that many people are prone to an illusory sense of satisfaction during this process, hindering them from taking immediate action.It is very tough indeed overcoming our inertia. But only by acting now and working hard can we move a step closer to success. Those who put off until tomorrow what really matters to them will end up achieving nothing.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) （暂缺干扰项）Section AConversation One【听力原文】M: Tonight, we have a very special guest. Mrs. Anna Sanchez is a three time Olympic champion and author of the new book To the Edge. Mrs Sanchez, thank you for joining us.W: Thank you for having me.M: Let’s start with your book. What does the title To the Edge mean? What are you referring to? W: The book is about how science and technology has helped push humans to the edge of their physical abilities. I argue that in the past 20 years we have had the best athletes the world has ever seen.M: But is this a fair comparison? How do you know, how, say, a football player from 50 years ago would compare to one today?W: Well, you are right. That comparison would be perhaps impossible to make. But the point is more about our knowledge today of human biochemistry, nutrition and mechanics. I believe that while our bodies have not changed in thousands of years, what has changed is the scientific knowledge. This has allowed athletes to push the limits of what was previously thought possible.M: That’s interesting. Please tell us more about these perceived limits.W: The world has seen sports records being broken that could only be broken with the aid of technology, whether this be the speed of a tennis serve or the fastest time in 100 meter dash or 200 meter swimming race.M: Is there any concern that technology is giving some athletes an unfair advantage over others?W: That is an interesting question and one that has to be considered very carefully. Skis, for example, went from being made of wood to a metal alloy, which allows for better control and faster speed. There is no stopping technological progress. But, as I said, each situation should be considered carefully on a case by case basis.【题目】1. What do we learn about Anna Sanchez?2. What is the woman’s book mainly about?3. What has changed in the past thousands of years?4. What is the man’s concern about the use of technology in sports compe titions?【参考答案】1. A) She is a great athlete.2. D) How technology has helped athletes to scale new heights.3. B) Our scientific knowledge.4. C) It may give an unfair advantage to some athletes.Conversation Two【听力原文】W: I’ve worked in international trade all my life. My father did so too before me. So I guess you could say it runs in the family.M: What products have you worked with?W: All sorts, really. I’ve imported textiles, machinery, toys, solar panels, all kinds of things over the years. Trends and demand come and go. So one needs to be very flexible to succeed in this industry.M: I see. What goods are you trading now?W: I now import furniture from China into Italy and foods from Italy into China. I even use the same container. It’s a very efficient way of conducting trade.M: The same container? You mean you own a 40-foot cargo container?W: Yeah, that’s right. I have a warehouse in Genoa, Italy and another in Shanghai. I source mid-century modern furniture from different factories in China. It’s very good value for money. I collect it all in my warehouse and then dispatch it to my other warehouse in Italy.Over there I do the same, but with Italian foods instead of furniture, things like pasta, cheese, wine, chocolates. And I send all that to my warehouse in China in the same freight containerI use for the furniture.M: So I presume you sell both lines of products wholesale in each respective country.W: Of course. I possess a network of clients and partners in both countries. That’s the main benefit of having done this for so long. I’ve made great business contacts over time.M: How many times do you ship?W: I did 12 shipments last year, 18 this year, and I hope to grow to around 25 next year. Tha t’s both ways, there and back again. Demand for authentic Italian food in China is growing rapidly. And similarly, sales of affordable, yet stylish wooden furniture are also increasing in Italy. Furniture is marginally more profitable, mostly because it enjoys lower customs duties. 【题目】Q5: What does the woman think is required to be successful in international trade?Q6: What does the woman say is special about her way of doing trade?Q7: What does the woman have in both Italy and China?Q8: What does the woman say makes furniture marginally more profitable?【参考答案】5. B) Flexibility.6. D) Using the same container back and forth.7. A) Warehouses.8. C) Lower import duties.Section BPassage One【听力原文】“Too many people view their jobs as a five-day prison from which they are paroled every Friday,” says Joel Goodman, founder of the Humour Project, a humour consulting group in Saratoga Springs, New York. Humour unlocks the office prison because it lets adults bring some of their childlike spirit to the job.According to Howard Pollio, professor of psychology at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, an office with humour breaks is an office with satisfied and productive employees. Pollio conducted a study that proved humour can help workers excel at routine production tasks. Employees perform better when they have fun.In large corporations with a hierarchy of power, the re is often no outlet for stress. “Every company needs underground ways of poking fun at the organization,” says Lynn ... Mark, a speaker on workplace humour for St. Mary’s Health Centre in St. Louis.Kodak’s Rochester, New York branch discovered a way fo r its 20000 employees to uncork their bottled-up resentments. Their 1000-square-foot Humour Room features a toy store. Among the room’s many stress-reducing gadgets, the main attraction is a boss doll with detachable arms and legs. Employees can take the doll apart as long as they put its arms and legs back in place.Sandy Cohen, owner of a graphic print production business, created the Quote Board to document the bizarre phrases people say when under strict deadlines. “When you’re under stress, you say st upid things,” says Cohen. “Now we just look at each other and say, that’s one for the Quote Board.”【题目】9. What does the passage say about humour in the workplace?10. What does the study by Howard Pollio show?11. What can Kodak’s employees do in the Hum our Room?【参考答案】9. A) It helps employees to reduce their stress.10. D) Humour can help workers excel at routine tasks.11. B) Take the boss doll apart as long as they can assemble it.Passage Two【听力原文】Public interest was aroused by the latest discovery of a changed gene in obese mice. The news was made known by Rockefeller University geneticist Jeffrey Friedman. The researchers believe this gene influences development of a hormone that tells the organism how fat or full it is.Those with the changed gene may not sense when they have eaten enough or if they have sufficient fatty tissue, and thus can't tell when to stop eating.The researchers also reported finding a gene nearly identical to the mouse obesity gene in humans. The operation of this gene in humans has not yet been demonstrated, however. Still, professionals like University of Vermont psychologist Esther Rothblum reacted enthusiastically: “This research indicates that people really are born with a tendency to have a certain weight, just as they are to have a particular skin color or height.”Actually, behavioral geneticists believe that less than half of total weight variation is programmed in the genes, while height is almost entirely genetically determined.Whatever role genes play, Americans are getting fatter. A survey by the Center for Disease Control found that obesity has increased greatly over the last 10 years. Such rapid change underlines the role of envi ronmental factors, like the abundance of rich foods, in Americans’ overeating.The Center for Disease Control has also found that teens are far less physically active than they were even a decade ago. Accepting that weight is predetermined can relieve guilt for overweight people. But people’s belief that they cannot control their weight can itself contribute to obesity.【题目】Q12: What does the speaker say has aroused public interest?Q13: What do we learn about the changed gene?Q14: What does University of Vermont psychologist Esther Rothblum say?Q15: What accounts for Americans’ obesity according to a survey by the Center for Disease Control?【参考答案】12. A) The recent finding of a changed gene in obese mice.13. D) It renders mice unable to sense when to stop eating.14. C) People are born with a tendency to have a certain weight.15. B) The abundant provision of rich foods.Section CRecording One【听力原文】Qualities of a relationship, such as openness, compassion, and mental stimulation are of concern to most of us regardless of sex, but – judging from the questionnaire response – they are more important to women than to men.Asked to consider the ingredients of close friendship, women rated these qualities above all others. Men assigned a lower priority to them in favor of similarity in interests, selected by 77% of men, and responsiveness in a crisis, chosen by 61% of male respondents. Mental stimulation, ranked third in popularity by men as well as women, was the only area of overlap. Among men, only 28% named openness as an important quality; caring was picked by just 23%.It is evident by their selections that when women speak of close friendships they are referring to emotional factors, while men emphasize the pleasure th ey find in a friend’s company. That is, when a man speaks of “a friend” he is likely to be talking about someone he does things with – a teammate, a fellow hobbyist, a drinking buddy. These activities are the fabric of the friendship; itis a “doing” relat ionship in which similarity in interests is the key bond. This factor was a consideration of less than 11% of women. Women opt for a warm, emotional atmosphere where communication flows freely; activity is mere background.Lastly, men, as we have seen, hav e serious questions about each other’s loyalty. Perhaps this is why they placed such strong emphasis on responsiveness in a crisis –“someone I can call on for help.” Women, as their testimonies indicate, are generally more secure with each other and consequently are more likely to treat this issue lightly. In follow-up interviews this was confirmed numerous times as woman after woman indicated that “being there when needed was taken for granted.”As for the hazards of friendship, more than a few relationships have been shattered because of cutthroat competition and feelings of betrayal. This applies to both men and women, but unequally. In comparison, nearly twice as many men complained about these issues as women. Further, while competition and betrayal are the main thorns to female friendship, men are plagued in almost equal amounts by two additional issues: lack of frankness and a fear of appearing unmanly. Obviously, for a man, a good friendship is hard to find.【题目】Q16: What quality do men value most concerning friendship, according to a questionnaire response?Q17: What do women refer to when speaking of close friendships?Q18: What may threaten a friendship for both men and women?【参考答案】16. A) Similarity in interests.17. D) Emotional factors.18. C) Feelings of betrayal.Recording Two【听力原文】The partial skeletons of more than 20 dinosaurs and the scattered bones of about 300 more have been discovered in Utah and Colorado at what is now the Dinosaur National Monument. Many of the best specimens may be seen today at museums of natural history in the larger cities of the United States and Canada. This dinosaur pit is the largest and best preserved deposit of dinosaurs known today.Many people get the idea from the mass of bones in the pit wall that some disaster such as a volcanic explosion or a sudden flood killed a whole herd of dinosaurs in this area. This could have happened but it probably did not.The main reasons for thinking otherwise are the scattered bones and the thickness of the deposit. In other deposits where the animals were thought to have died together, the skeletons were usually complete and often all the bones were in their proper places. Rounded pieces of fossil bone have been found here. These fragments got their smooth round shape by rolling along the stream bottom. In a mass killing, the bones would have been left on the stream or lake bottom together at the same level. But in this deposit, the bones occur throughout a zone of sandstone about 12 feet thick. The mixture of swamp dwellers and dry-land types also seems to indicate that the deposit is a mixture from different places.The pit area is a large dinosaur graveyard, not a place where they died. Most of the remainsprobably floated down an eastward flowing river until they were left on a shallow sandbar. Some of them may have come from far-away dry-land areas to the west. Perhaps they drowned trying to cross a small stream or were washed away during floods. Some of the swamp dwellers may have got stuck in the very sandbar that became their grave; others may have floated for miles before being stranded.Even today similar events take place. When floods come in the spring, sheep, cattle and deer are often trapped by rising waters and often drown. Their dead bodies float downstream until the flood recedes and leaves them stranded on a bar or shore where they lie, half buried in the sand, until they decay. Early travelers on the Missouri river reported that shores and bars were often lined with the decaying bodies of buffalo that had died during spring floods.【题目】Q19: Where can many of the best dinosaur specimens be found in North America?Q20: What occurs to many people when they see the massive bones in the pit wall?Q21: What does the speaker suggest about the large number of dinosaur bones found in the pit? 【参考答案】19. D) At museums of natural history in large cities.20. B) Some natural disaster killed a whole herd of dinosaurs in the area.21. A) They floated down an eastward of flowing river.Recording Three【听力原文】I would like particularly to talk about the need to develop a new style of aging in our own society. Young people in this country have been accused of not caring for their parents the way they would have in the old country. And this is true. But it is also true that old people have been influenced by an American ideal of independence and autonomy. So we live alone, perhaps on the verge of starvation, in time without friends, but we are independent. This standard American style has been forced on every ethnic group, although there are many groups for whom the ideal is not practical. It is a poor ideal and pursuing it does a great deal of harm.This ideal of independence also contains a tremendous amount of unselfishness. In talking to today’s young mothers, I have asked them what kind of grandmothers they think they are going to be. I hear devoted, loving mothers say that when they are through raising their children, they have no intention of becoming grandmothers. They are astonished to hear that in most of the world throughout most of its history, families have been three- or four-generation families, living under the same roof. We have over-emphasized the small family unit—father, mother, small children. We think it is wonderful if Grandma and Grandpa, if they’re still alive, can live alone.We have reached the point where we think the only thing we can do for our children is to stay out of their way and the only thing we can do for our daughter-in-law is to see as little of her as possible. Old people’s nursing homes, even the best run, are filled with older people who believe the only thing they can do for their children is to look cheerful when they come to visit. So in the end, older people have to devote all their energies to “not being a burden”.We are beginning to see what a tremendous price we’ve paid for our emphasis on independence and autonomy. We have isolated old people and we’ve cut off the children from their grandparents. One of the reasons we have as bad a generation gap today as we do is that grandparents have stepped out. Young people are being deprived of the thing they needmost—perspective, to know why their parents behave so peculiarly and why their grandparents say the things they do.【题目】Question 22: What have young Americans been accused of?Question 23: What does the speaker say about old people in the United States?Question 24: What is astonishing to the young mothers interviewed by the speaker?Question 25: What does the speaker say older people try their best to do?【参考答案】22. C) Failing to care for parents in the traditional way.23. D) They have a sense of independence and autonomy.24. B) There have been extended families in most parts of the world.25. B) Avoid being a burden to their children.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A缺文章和试题【参考答案】26. G) grabbed27. B) declaration28. M) stake29. K) overwhelming30. C) deteriorating31. F) eroding32. E) disaster33. D) determined34. O) urgent35. A) capacitySection B（暂缺部分段落、试题）Children understand far more about other minds than long believedA) Until a few decades ago, scholars believed that young children know very little, if anything,about what others are thinking. Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget, who is credited with founding the scientific study of children’s thinki ng, was convinced that preschool children cannot consider what goes on in the minds of others. The interviews and experiments he conducted with kids in the middle of the 20th century suggested that they were trapped in their subjective viewpoints, incapable of imagining what others think, feel or believe. To him, young children seemed oblivious to the fact that different people might hold distinct viewpoints or perspectives on the world, or even that their own perspectives shift over time.B) Much of the subsequent research on early childhood thinking was highly influenced by Piaget’sideas. Scholars sought to refine his theory and empirically confirm his views. But it became increasingly clear that Piaget was missing something. He seemed to have gravely underestimated the intellectual powers of very young kids – before they can make themselvesunderstood by speech or even intentional action. Researchers began to devise ever more ingenious ways of figuring out what goes on in the minds of babies, and the resulting picture of their abilities is becoming more and more nuanced…C) Historically, children didn’t receive much respect for their mental powers. Piaget not onlybelieved that children were “egocentric” in the sense that they were unable to differenti ate between their own viewpoint and that of others; he was also convinced that their thinking was characterized by systematic errors and confusions…D) …E) Today, a very different picture of children’s mental development emerges. Psychologistscontinu ally reveal new insights into the depth of young children’s knowledge of the world, including their understanding of other minds. Recent studies suggest that even infants are sensitive to others’ perspectives and beliefs.F) Part of the motivation to rev ise some of Piaget’s conclusions stemmed from an ideological shiftabout the origin of human knowledge that occurred in the second half of the 20th century. It became increasingly unpopular to assume that a basic understanding of the world can be built ent irely from experience…G) To prove that infants know more in this realm than had been acknowledged, researchersneeded to come up with innovative ways of showing it. A big part of why we now recognize so much more of kids’ intellectual capacities is the development of much more sensitive research tools than Piaget had at his disposal.H) Instead of engaging babies in dialog or having them execute complex motor tasks, the newermethods capitalize on behaviors that have a firm place in infants’ natural be havior repertoire: looking, listening, sucking, making facial expressions, gestures and simple manual actions.The idea of focusing on these “small behaviors” is that they give kids the chance to demonstrate their knowledge implicitly and spontaneously –without having to respond to questions or instructions. For example, children might look longer at an event that they did not expect to happen, or they might show facial expressions indicating that they have empathy with another…I) …J) In a set of exp eriments…K) …L) Despite these obvious advances in the study of young children’s thinking, it would be a grave mistake to dismiss the careful and systematic analyses compiled by Piaget and others before the new tests dominated the scene. Doing so would be like throwing out the baby with thebathwater, because the original methods revealed essential facts about how children think –facts that the new, “minimalist” methods cannot uncover.M) There’s no consensus in today’s community about how much we can infer from a look, a grimace or a hand gesture. These behaviors clearly indicate a curiosity about what goes on in the mind of others, and probably a set of early intuitions coupled with a willingness to learn more. They pave the way to richer and more explicit forms of understanding of the minds of other. But they can in no way replace the child’s growing ability to articulate and refine her understanding of how people behave and why36. Piaget believed that small children…37. The author and h is colleagues…38. In the latter half of the last century…39. Research conducted by Jean…40. Our improved understanding of babies…41. It has been found in recent research…42. Scientists are still debating…43. The newer research methods focus on…44. W ith the progress in psychology…45. Even though marked advances have been made…【参考答案】36. C37. J38. F39. A40. G41. E42. M43. H44. B45. LSection CPassage One（暂缺文章和试题）【参考答案】46. B) They hold a different view on stress from the popular one.47. D) They apply extreme tactics.48. A) They help him combat stress from work.49. D) It does not help build up one’s tolerance.50. C) Its effect varies considerably from person to personPassage Two（暂缺文章和试题）【参考答案】51. B) Hunting may also be a solution to the problem caused by hunting.52. C) It leads to ecological imbalance.53. A) Overpopulation is not an issue for most hunted animals.54. A) When it benefits animals and their ecosystem.55. C) Coordinated efforts of hunters and environmentalists.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) 【试题】《三国演义》写于14世纪，是中国著名的历史小说。
2020年7月英语六级真题及参考答案完整版
2020年7月英语六级真题及参考答案【完整版】四六级试卷采用多题多卷形式，大家核对答案时，找具体选项内容，忽略套数。
无忧考网搜集整理了各个版本，仅供大家参考。
【有道考神版】【星火英语版】The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today对明天做好的准备就是今天做到最好范文：There is a famous saying that the best preparation for tomorrow is to do good work today. Simple as the saying is, it informs us that one doesn’t need to worry about the future if he can seize the moment.It is generally believed that taking immediate action is of great importance. Doing good work today enables people to achieve their great goals step by step. Assume a college student who is indulged in his wishful thinking of passing the CET-6 exam with a high score without any efforts and hardwork，and he will be devastated to accept the reality when he fails. The same thing may be said of some grown-ups who aspire to gain fame and fortune but never bother to put their splendid plans into practice immediately.Therefore, by some means or other we must take action to pursue our goals. It is necessary for us to aim high but our behaviors should also deserve our dreams. We are supposed to put our efforts into every single day and never look down upon those little tasks. Only in this way can we fulfill our dreams.Section AConversation OneQuestions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What do we learn about Anna Sanchez?定位句：(1) Mrs. Anna Sanchez is a three-time Olympic champion and author of the new book To the Edge Mrs. Sanchez,2. What is the woman’s book mainly about?定位句：(2) The book is about how science and technology has helped to push humans to the edge of their physical abilities.3. What has changed in the past thousands of years?定位句：(3) I believe that while our bodies have not changed in thousands of years, what has changed is the scientific knowledge.4. What is the man’s concern about the use of technology in sports competitions?定位句：(4) Is there any concern that technology is giving some athletes an unfair advantage over others.Conversation TwoQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. What does the woman think is required to be successful in international trade?定位句：(5) Trends and demand come and go. So one needs to be very flexible to succeed in this industry.6. What does the woman say is special about her way of doing trade?定位句：(6) I even use the same container. It's a very efficient way of conducting trade.7. What does the woman have in both Italy and China?定位句：(7) I have a warehouse in Genova Italy and another in Shanghai.8. What does the woman say makes furniture marginally more profitable?定位句：(8) Furniture is marginally more profitable, mostly because it enjoys lower customs duties.Section BPassage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.8. What does the passage say about humor in the work place?定位句：(9)Humor unlocks the office prison because it lets adults bring some of their child-like spirit to the job.9. What does the study by Howard Poleo show?定位句：(10)Poleo conducted the study that proved humor can help workers excel at routine production tasks.11. What can ask employees do in the humor room?定位句：(11)Employees can take the doll apart, as long as they put arms and legs back in place.Passage two.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. What does the speaker say has aroused public interest?定位句：（12）Public interest was aroused by the latest discovery of a changed gene in an obese mice.13. What do we learn about the changed gene?定位句：（13）Those with the changed gene may not sense when they have eaten enough or if they have sufficient fatty tissue. And thus can't tell when to stop eating.14. What does university of Vermont psychologist Esther off burn say?定位句：（14） This research indicates that people really are born with a tendency to have a certain weight, just as they are to have a particular skin color or height.15. What accounts for Americans obesity according to a survey by the center fordisease control?定位句：（15）Such rapid change underlines the role of environmental factors, like the abundance of rich foods in Americans overeating.Section CRecording OneQuestions 16 to18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. What quality do men value most concerning friendship according to a questionnaire response?定位句： (16) Asked to consider the ingredients of close friendship, women rated these qualities above all others, men assigned a lower priority to them in favor of similarity and interests (selected by 77% of men),17. What do women refer to when speaking of close friendships?定位句：(17) It is evident by their selections that when women speak of close friendships, they're referring to emotional factors,18. What may threaten a friendship for both men and women?定位句：(18) As for the hazards of friendship, more than a few relationships have been shattered because of cutthroat competition and feelings of betrayal. This applies to both men and women, but unequally.Recording TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. Where can many of the best dinosaur specimens be found in North America?定位句：(19)Many of the best specimens may be seen today at museums of natural history in the larger cities of the United States and Canada.20. What occurs to many people when they see the massive bones in the pit wall?定位句： (20)Many people get the idea from the massive bones in the pit wall that some disaster such as a volcanic explosion or a sudden flood killed a whole herd of dinosaurs in this area.21. What does the speaker suggest about the large number of dinosaur bones found in the pit?定位句： (21)The pit area is the large dinosaur graveyard, not a place where they died. Most of the remains probably floated down on eastward flowing river until they were left on a shallow sandbar.Recording ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on recording you have just heard.21. What have young Americans been accused of?定位句（22）Young people in this country have been accused of not caring for their parents the way they would have in the old country.22. What does the speakers say about old people in the United States?定位句：（23）old people have been influenced by an American ideal of independence and autonomy. So we live alone, perhaps on the verge of starvation in time without friends. But we are independent.23. What is astonishing to the young mothers interviewed by the speaker?定位句：（24）They were astonished to hear that in most of the world, throughout most of its history, families have been three or four generation families living under the same roof.25. What does the speakers say older people try their best to do?定位句：(25)So in the end, older people have to devote all their energies to not being a burden.阅读26.grabbed27.disaster28.stake29.overwhwlming30.eroding31.deteriorating32.stagnation33.determined34.urgent35.capacity36.Cpiaget Believed that small children 37. JThe author and his colleagues38.BIn the latter half of the last century 39.AResearch conducted by Jane.40.KOur improved understanding of babies.41. EIt has been found in recent research 42.MScientists are still debating.43.Hthe newer research methods focus on 44.DWith the progress in psychology45.LEven though marked advances have been made.46.B.They hold a different view on stress from the popular one.47.DThey apply extreme tactics.48.AThey help him combat stress from work.49.CIt is something everybody has to live with.50.CIts effect varies considerably from person to person.51.BHunting may also be asolution.52.AIt keeps him pollution under control.53.AOver pollution is not an issue.54.CMany birds and small animals are being.55.CCoordinated efforts of hunter.翻译《三国演义》写于14世纪，是中国著名的历史小说。
大学生英语六级考试真题及答案(2020年9月第1套)
你好，大学英语六级考试真题电子版更新中，希望大家予以支持，编辑不易，感谢支持～大学英语六级考试(2020年9月第1套)Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the question will be spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices.marked(A),(B),(C)and(D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingle line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. (A) She can devote all her life to pursuing her passion.(B) Her accumulated expertise helps her to achieve her goals.(C) She can spread her academic ideas on a weekly TV show.(D) Her research findings are widely acclaimed in the world.2. (A) Provision of guidance for nuclear labs in Europe.(B)Touring the globe to attend science TV shows.(C)Overseeing two research groups at Oxford.(D) Science education and scientific research.3. (A) A better understanding of a subject.(B) A stronger will to meet challenges.(C) A broader knowledge of related fields.(D) A closer relationship with young people.4. (A)By applying the latest research methods.(B) By making full use of the existing data.(C) By building upon previous discoveries.(D) By utilizing more powerful computers.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. (A)They can predict future events. (B)They have no special meanings.(C)They have cultural connotations. (D)They cannot be easily explained6. (A) It was canceled due to bad weather.(B) She overslept and missed the flight.(C) She dreamed of a plane crash.(D) It was postponed to the following day.7. (A)They can be affected by people's childhood experiences(B)They may sometimes seem ridiculous to a rational mind.(C) They usually result from people's unpleasant memories.(D) They can have an impact as great as rational thinking.8. (A) They call for scientific methods to interpret.(B) They mirror their long-cherished wishes.(C) They reflect their complicated emotions.(D) They are often related to irrational feelings.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear. three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions willbe spoken only once. After you hear a question. you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked (A),( B),(C) and (D).Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through thecentre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. (A)Radio waves. (C) Robots.(B)Sound waves (D) Satellites.10. (A) It may be freezing fast beneath the glacier(B) It may have micro-organisms living in it.(C) It may have certain rare minerals in it.(D) It may be as deep as four kilometers.11. (A) Help understand life in freezing conditions.(B) Help find new sources of fresh water.(C) Provide information about other planets.(D) Shed light on possible life in outer space.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. (A) He found there had been little research on their language.(B) He was trying to preserve the languages of the Indian tribes.(C) His contact with a social worker had greatly aroused his interest in the tribe.(D) His meeting with Gonzalez had made him eager to learn more about the tribe.13. (A) He taught Copeland to speak the Tarahumaras language(B) He persuaded the Tarahumaras to accept Copeland's gifts.(C) He recommended one of his best friends as an interpreter.(D)He acted as an intermediary between Copeland and the villagers.14. (A) Unpredictable. (B) Unjustifiable.(C) Laborious. (D) Tedious.15. (A) Their appreciation of help from the outsiders.(B) Their sense of sharing and caring.(C) Their readiness to adapt to technology.(D) Their belief in creating wealth for themselves.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or. four questions. The recordings will be played only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked (A), (B), (C) and (D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. (A) They tend to be silenced into submission.(B) They find it hard to defend themselves.(C) They will feel proud of being pioneers.(D) They will feel somewhat encouraged.17. (A) One who advocates violence in effecting change.(B) One who craves for relentless transformations.(C)One who acts in the interests of the oppressed.(D)One who rebels against the existing social order.18. (A) They tried to effect social change by force.(B) They disrupted the nation's social stability.(C)They served as a driving force for progress.(D) They did more harm than good to humanity.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. (A) Few of us can ignore changes in our immediate environment.(B) It is impossible for us to be immune from outside influence.(C) Few of us can remain unaware of what happens around us.(D)It is important for us to keep in touch with our own world.20. (A) Make up his mind to start all over again.(B)Stop making unfair judgments of others.(C) Try to find a more exciting job somewhere else.(D)Recognize the negative impact of his coworkers.21. (A) They are quite susceptible to suicide.(B) They improve people's quality of life.(C) They sutler a great deal from ill health.(D) They help people solve mental problems.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. (A) Few people can identify its texture.(B) Few people can describe it precisely.(C) Its real value is open to interpretation.(D) Its importance is often over-estimated.23. (A) It has never seen any change.(B) It has much to do with color.(C) It is a well-protected government secret.(D) It is a subject of study by many forgers.24. (A) People had little faith in paper money.(B) They could last longer in circulation.(C) It predicted their value would increase.(D) They were more difficult to counterfeit.25. (A) The stabilization of the dollar value.(B) The issuing of government securities.(C) A gold standard for American currency.(D) A steady appreciation of the U.S. dollar.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 min)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter, Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more thanonce.Overall, men are more likely than women to make excuses. Several studies suggestthat men feel the need to appear competent in all 26 , while women worry only about the skills in which they’ve invested 27 ,Ask a man and a woman to go diving for the first time, and the woman is likely to jump in, while the man is likely to say he’s not feeling too well.Ironically, it is often success that leads people to flirt with failure. Praise won for 28 a skill suddenly puts one in the position of having everything to lose. Rather than putting their reputation on the line again, many successful people develop a handicap-drinking, 29 depression—that allows them to keep their status no matter what the future brings. An advertising executive 30 for depression shortly after winning an award put it this way: “Without my depression, I’d be a failure now; with it, I’m a success ‘on hold. ’ ”In fact, the people most likely to become chronic excuse makers are those 31 with success. Such people are so afraid of being 32 a failure at anything that they constantly develop one handicap or another in order to explain away failure.Though self-handicapping can be an effective way of coping with performance anxiety now and then, in the end, researchers say, it will lead to 33 . In the long run, excuse makers fail to live up to their true 34 and lose the status they care so much about. And despite their protests to the 35 , they have only themselves to blame.(A)contrary (B) fatigue (C) heavily (D) heaving (E) hospitalized (F) labeled. (G) legacies (H) mastering (I) momentum (J) obsessed (K) potential (L) realms (M) reciprocal (N) ruin (O) viciouslySection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.Six Potential Brain Benefits of Bilingual Education(A)Brains, brains, brains. People are fascinated by brain research. And yet it can behard to point to places where our education system is really making use of the latest neuroscience (神经科学) findings. But there is one happy link where research is meeting practice: bilingual (双语的) education. “ In the last 20 years or so, there’s been a virtual explosion of research on bilingualism, " says Judith Kroll, a professor at the University of California, Riverside.(B) Again and again, researchers have found, " bilingualism is an experience that shapesour brain for life." in the words of Gigi Luke, an associate professor at Harvard's Graduate School of Education. At the same time, one of the hottest trends in public schooling is what's often called dual-language or two-way immersion programs. (C) Traditional programs for English-language learners, or ELLS, focus on assimilatingstudents into English as quickly as possible. Dual-language classrooms, by contrast, provide instruction across subjects to both English natives and English learners, in both English and a target language. The goal is functional bilingualism and biliteracy for all students by middle school. New York City, North Carolina, Delaware, Utah, Oregon and Washington state are among the places expanding dual—language classrooms.(D) The trend flies in the face of some of the culture wars of two decades ago, whenadvocates insisted on "English first" education. Most famously, California passed Proposition 227 in 1998. It was intended to sharply reduce the amount of time that English-language learners spent in bilingual settings. Proposition 58, passed by California voters on November 8, largely reversed that decision, paving the way fora huge expansion of bilingual education in the state that has the largest populationof English-language learners.(E) Some of the insistence on English- first was founded on research produced decadesago, in which bilingual students, underperformed monolingual(单语的) English speakers and had lower IO scores. Today's scholars, like Ellen Bialystok at York University in Toronto, say that research was “deeply flawed." "Earlier research looked at socially disadvantaged groups," agrees Antonella Sorace at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. "This has been completely contradicted by recent research" that compares groups more similar to each other.(F) So what does recent research say about the potential benefits of bilingual education?It turns our that, in many ways, the real trick to speaking two languages consists in managing not to speak one of those languages at a given moment --- which is fundamentally a feat of paying attention. Saying "Goodbye" to mom and then "Guten tag " to your teacher, or managing to ask for a Crayola roja instead of a red crayon(蜡笔), requires skills called“ inhibition” and “task switching ." These skills are subsets of an ability called executive function.(G) People who speak two languages often outperform monolinguals on generalmeasures of executive function. "Bilinguals can pay focused attention without being distracted and also improve in the ability to switch from one task to another," says Sorace.(H) Do these same advantages benefit a child who begins learning a second language.in kindergarten instead of as a baby? We don't yet know. Patterns of language learning and language use are complex. But Gigi Luk at Harvard cites at least one brain-imaging study on adolescents that shows similar changes in brain structure when compared with those who are bilingual from birth, even when they didn't begin practicing a second language in earnest before late childhood.(I) Young children being raised bilingual have to follow social cues to figure outwhich language to use with which person and in what setting. As a result, says Sorace , bilingual children as young as age 3 have demonstrated a head start on tests of perspective-taking and theory of mind --- both of which are fundamental social and emotional skills.(J) About 10 percent of students in the Portland, Oregon public schools are assigned by lottery to dual--language classrooms that offer instruction in Spanish, Japanese or Mandarin, alongside English. Jennifer Steele at American University conducted a four-year, randomized trial and found that these dual—language students outperformed their peers in English—reading skills by a full school-year’s worth of learning by the end of middle school. Because the effects are found in reading, not in math or science where there were few differences, Steele suggests that leaning two languages makes students more aware of how language works in general. (K)The research of Gigi Luk at Harvard offers a slightly different explanation. She has recently done a small study looking at a group of 100 fourth-graders in Massachusetts who had similar reading scores on a standard test, but very differentlanguage experiences. Some were foreign-language dominant and others were English natives. Here's what's interesting. The students who were dominant in a foreign language weren't yet comfortably bilingual; they were just starting to learn English. Therefore, by definition, they had a much weaker English vocabulary than the native speakers. Yet they were just as good at interpreting a text. “This is very surprising,” Luk says. “ You would expect the reading comprehension performance to mirror the vocabulary—it’s a cornerstone of comprehension.”(L) How did the foreign-language dominant speakers manage this feat? Well, Luk found, they also scored higher on tests of executive functioning. So, even though they didn't have huge mental dictionaries to draw on, they may have been great puzzle-solvers, taking into account higher-level concepts such as whether a single sentence made sense within an overall story line. They got to the same results as the monolinguals, by a different path.(M) American public school classrooms as a whole are becoming more segregated by race and class. Dual-language programs can be an exception. Because they are composed of native English speakers deliberately placed together with recent immigrants, they tend to be more ethnically and economically balanced. And there is some evidence that this helps kids of all backgrounds gain comfort with diversity and different culture.(N) Several of the researchers also pointed out that, in bilingual education, non-English-dominant students and their families tend to feel that their home language is heard and valued, compared with a classroom where the home language is left at the door in favor of English. This can improve students' sense of belonging and increase parents' involvement in their children 's education, including behaviors like reading to children. "Many parents fear their language is an obstacle, a problem, and if they abandon it their child will integrate better,” says Antonella Sorace of the University of Edinburgh. “ We tell them they're not doing their child a favor by giving up their language.”(O) One theme that was striking in speaking to all these researchers was just how strongly they advocated for dual-language classrooms. Thomas and Collier haveadvised many school systems on how to expand their dual-language programs, and Sorace runs "Bilingualism Matters," an international network of researchers who promote bilingual education projects. This type of advocacy among scientists is unusual; even more so because the "bilingual advantage hypothesis” is being challenged once again.(P) A review of studies published last year found that cognitive advantages failed to appear in 83percent of published studies, though in a separate analysis, the sum of effects was still significantly positive. One potential explanation offered by the researchers is that advantages that are measurable in the very young and very old tend to fade when testing young adults at the peak of their cognitive powers. And, they countered that no negative effects of bilingual education have been found. So, even if the advantages are small, they are still worth it. Not to mention one obvious, outstanding fact: " Bilingual children can speak two languages!”36. A study found that there are similar changes in brain structure between those who are bilingualfrom birth and those who start learning a second language later.37. Unlike traditional monolingual programs, bilingual classrooms aim at developing students'ability to use two languages by middle school.38. A study showed that dual-language students did significantly better than their peers in readingEnglish texts.39. About twenty years ago, bilingual practice was strongly discouraged, especially inCalifornia.40. Ethically and economically balanced bilingual classrooms are found to be helpful for kids to getused to social and cultural diversity.41. Researchers now claim that earlier research on bilingual education was seriously flawed.42. According to a researcher, dual-language experiences exert a lifelong influence on one’s brain.43. Advocates of bilingual education argued that it produces positive effects though they may belimited.44. Bilingual speakers often do better than monolinguals in completing certain tasks. because theycan concentrate better on what they are doing.45. When their native language is used, parents can become more involved in their children'seducation,Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some.questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked (A), (B), (C) and(D). You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.It is not controversial to say that an unhealthy diet causes bad health. Nor are the basic elements of healthy eating disputed. Obesity raises susceptibility to cancer, and Britain is the sixth most obese country on Earth. That is a public health emergency. But naming the problem is the easy part. No one disputes the costs in quality of life and depleted health budgets of an obese population, but the quest for solutions gets diverted by ideological arguments around responsibility and choice.And the water is muddied by lobbying from the industries that profit from consumption of obesity-inducing products.Historical precedent suggests that science and politics can overcome resistance from businesses that pollute and poison but it takes time, and success often starts small. So it is heartening to note that a program in Leeds has achieved a reduction in childhood obesity, becoming the first UK city to reverse a fattening trend. The best results were among younger children and in more deprived areas. When28% of English children aged two to 15 are obese, a national shift on the scale achieved by Leeds would lengthen hundreds of thousands of lives. A significant factor in the Leeds experience appears to be a scheme called HENRY, which helps parents reward behaviors that prevent obesity in children.Many members of parliament are uncomfortable even with their own government's anti-obesity strategy, since it involves a “sugar tax" and a ban on thesale of energy drinks to under-16s. Bans and taxes can be blunt instruments, but their harshest critics can rarely suggest better methods. These critics just oppose regulation itself.The relationship between poor health and inequality is too pronounced for.governments to be passive about large-scale intervention. People living in the most deprived areas are four times more prone to die from avoidable causes than counterparts in more affluent places. As the structural nature of public health problems becomes harder to ignore, the complaint about overprotective government loses potency.In fact, the polarized debate over public health interventions should have been.abandoned long ago. Government action works when individuals are motivated to respond. Individuals need governments that expand access to good choices. The HENRY programme was delivered in part through children's centres. Closing such centres and cutting council budgets doesn't magically increase reserves of individual self-reliance. The function of a well-designed state intervention is not to deprive people of liberty but to build social capacity and infrastructure that helps people take responsibility for their wellbeing. The obesity crisis will not have a solution devised by left or right ideology—but experience indicates that the private sector needs the incentive of regulation before it starts taking public health emergencies seriously.46. Why is the obesity problem in Britain so difficult to solve?(A) Government health budgets are depleted.(B)People disagree as to who should do what.(C) Individuals are not ready to take their responsibilities.(D) Industry lobbying makes it hard to get healthy foods .47. What can we learn from the past experience in tackling public health emergencies?(A) Government have a role to play.(B) Public health is a scientific issue.(C) Priority should be given to deprived regions.(D) Businesses’ responsibility should be stressed.48. What does the author imply about some critics of bans and taxes concerning unhealthydrinks?(A) They are not aware of the consequences of obesity.(B) They have not come up with anything more constructive.(C) They are uncomfortable with parliament's anti-obesity debate.(D) They have their own motives in opposing government regulation.49. Why does the author stress the relationship between poor health and inequality?(A) To demonstrate the dilemma of people living in deprived areas.(B) To bring to light the root cause of widespread obesity in Britain.(C) To highlight the area deserving the most attention from the public.(D) To justify government intervention in solving the obesity problem.50. When will government action be effective(A) When the polarized debate is abandoned.(B) When ideological differences are resolved.(C) When individuals have the incentive to act accordingly.(D) When the private sector realizes the severity of the crisis.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Home to virgin reefs, rare sharks and vast numbers of exotic fish, the Coral Sea is a unique haven of biodiversity off the northeastern coast of Australia. If a proposal by the Australian government goes ahead, the region will also become the world's largest marine protected area, with restrictions or bans on fishing, mining and marine farming.The Coral Sea reserve would cover almost 990,000 square kilometers andstretch as far as 1,100kilometres from the coast. Unveiled recently by environment minister Tony Burke, the proposal would be the last in a series of proposed marine reserves around Australia's coast.But the scheme is attracting criticism from scientists and conservation groups, who argue that the government hasn't gone far enough in protecting the Coral Sea, or in other marine reserves in the coastal network.Hugh Passingham , director of the Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions at the University of Queensland, points out that little more than half of the Coral Sea reserve is proposed as a ' no take' area, in which all fishing would be banned. The world's largest existing marine reserve, established last year by the British government in the Indian Ocean, spans 544,000 km2 and is a no-take zone throughout. An alliance of campaigning conservation groups argues that more of the Coral Sea should receive this level of protection.“I would like to have seen more protection for coral reefs," says Terry Hughes, director of the Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University in Queensland. "More than 20of them would be outside the no-take area and vulnerable to catch-and-release fishing”.As Nature went to press, the Australian government had not responded to specific criticisms of the plan. But Robin Beaman, a marine geologist at James Cook University, says that the reserve does “broadly protect the range of habitats " in the sea. "I can testify to the huge effort that government agencies and other organizations have put into trying to understand the ecological values of this vast area, " he says.Reserves proposed earlier this year for Australia's southwestern and northwestern coastal regions have also been criticized for failing to give habitats adequate protection. In August, 173 marine scientists signed an open letter to the government saying they were "greatly concerned" that the proposals for the southwestern region had not been based on the " core science principles" of reserves--the protected regions were not, for instance, representative of all the habitats in the region, they said.Critics say that the southwestern reserve offers the greatest protection to the offshore areas where commercial opportunities are fewest and where there is little threat to the environment, a contention also levelled at the Coral Sea plan.51.What do we learn from the passage about the Coral Sea?(A) It is exceptionally rich in marine life.(B) It is the biggest marine protected area.(C)It remains largely undisturbed by humans.(D) It is a unique haven of endangered species.52. What does the Australian government plan to do according to Tony Burke?（A）Make a new proposal to protect the Coral Sea.(B) Revise its conservation plan owing to criticisms.(C)Upgrade the' established reserves to protect marine life.(D) Complete the series of marine reserves around its coast.53. What is scientists' argument about the Coral Sea proposal?(A) The government has not done enough for marine protection.(B) It will not improve the marine reserves along Australia's coast.(C) The government has not consulted them in drawing up the proposal.(D) It is not based on sufficient investigations into the ecological system.54. What does marine geologist Robin Beaman say about the Coral Sea plan?(A) It can compare with the British government's effort in the Indian Ocean.(B)It will result in the establishment of the world's largest marine reserve.(C)It will ensure the sustainability of the fishing industry around the coast.(D)It is a tremendous joint effort to protect the range of marine habitats.55. What do critics think of the Coral Sea plan?(A) It will do more harm than good to the environment.(B) It will adversely affect Australia's fishing industry.(C) It will protect regions that actually require little protection.。
2020年大学英语六级长篇阅读练习及答案解析
2020年大学英语六级长篇阅读练习及答案解析大学英语六级考试阅读要求考生能顺利读懂语言难度中等的一般性题材的文章、掌握中心大意以及说明中心大意的事实和细节，并能进行一定的分析、推理和判断。
下面小编为大家整理了六级长篇阅读练习题及答案解析，希望对您有所帮助，祝大家备考顺利I大学英语六级长篇阅读练习及答案解析（6）Section B（原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变.篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题.每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落.）Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why Are Airlines Withholding Seats?Behind the screen indeed[D]An awful plot goes on behind airline and travel booking screens,and nuch of it is strictly off-linits to consumers.What we do know is that for decades now airlines have becone nasters of what the industry calls yield management,offering millions of conbinations of fares based on advance purchase patterns and other booking trends,so nearly everyone pays a different price based on when they buy.But now that paying extra for your seat selection has become cotmon practice, securing your reservation is just half the battle.[E]Some industry experts have connected the dots."They're trying to get people to buy premium seats,"says George Hobica,*s Fly Guy colunnist and the founder of・“They want to increase revenue.And we're getting more complaints about it."He notes that it“really annoys* passengers who want to sit together,particularly when traveling with snail children.[F]He's echoed by Kevin Mitchell,chairnan of the Business Travel Coalition（联盟）:“With yield management,consumers are aware and they know that airlines are constantly changing prices on seats.But if this is true,it is unethical—they're grossly misleading us.The thing that I find so offensive is conveying to me that I have no options,but if I wait a week or two then I do have options."[G]According to the airlines,the reason for ancillary（附加的）revenue is unbundling（分类计价）ticket prices,so passengers who desire a given service―say checking a bag or ordering在［M］段出现，该段第五句引用Mitchell的原话，指出这一问题亟待公开、透明.由此可见，题干是对原文的同义改耳，故答案为［M］.题干中的urgent need对应原文中的sore need,carriers!seat assignment代指原文中的this.50.［I］.题干意为，尽管霍比卡把主要贵任归咎于各大航空公司，他也提到，低成本的运营商们同样使得座位的获得变得困魔.注意抓住题干中的关键词Hobica,the main responsibilities,thenajor airlines和the low-cost carriers.原文段落中，提及Hobica和低成本的运营商使获得座位变得困难的内容在［I］段出现，该段第一句话提到，霍比卡认为各大航空公司是造成这种状况的罪魁祸首，低成本的运营商也起到了推波助澜的作用.由此可见，题干是对原文的同义改写，故答案为［I］.题干中的ascribes...to...和nain responsibilities分别对应原文中的cites…as…和prine culprits.51.［明题干意为，一些人认为，为了解决航空公司保留座位的问题，美国交通运输部应该采取一些措施.注意抓住JS干中的关键词the.Departnent of Transportation.文章段落中，论及美国交通运输部的内容在［M］段出现，该段第三、四句话提到，通常作者会就如何应对航空公司的这类政策给出一些策略，但是在这种情况下，可选择的策略非常有限.这就是为什么一些人认为美国交通运输部应该对此类做法进行调查的原因.由此可见，人们认为交通运输部应该有所行动，故答案为［M］.52.［N］.题干意为，人们在为买机票制定预算的时候，应该把行李的费用和附加的选择座位的费用都考虐在内.注意抓住题干中的关键词budget,airfares,baggage fees和the added cost of seat selection.文章段落中，论及制定机票Bi算的内容在［N］段出现，该段第(1)点提到，预算票价的时候，确保自己不仅格行李费用考虑在内，还要考虑为选择座位而支付的额外费用.由此可见，题干对原文进行了同义改写，故答案为［N］.53.［F］.题干意为，凯文・米切尔认为所谓的收益管理是不道德且具有误导性的.注意抓住题干中的关键词Kevin Mitchell,yield nanagenent,unethical和misleading.文章段落中，提到Kevin Mitchell 和航空业收益管理的内容在［F］段出现，该段引用米切尔的原话中提到，对于收益管理，消费者心里有数,他们知道航空公司经常改变座位的价格.但是如果情况果真如此的话，航空公司的做法确实是不道德的他们在严重地误导人们.由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为［F］.54.［K］.题干意为，达美航空公司发言人的话表明，经济舱优等座在飞机起飞前24小时内可获得.注意题干中的关键词the spokesman of Delta,the preferred econony-class tickets,available 和the plane's departure.文章段落中，论及达美航空公司发言人的内容在［K］段出现，该段第二句提到，优等座主要是为奖章成员预留的，在飞机起飞前24小时内无需支付额外费用就可获得.由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答窠为［K］.55.［N］题干意为，应对航空公司这类行为的最后策略是和其它乘客商量调换座位.注意题干中的关键词the last strategy,exchange seats和negotiating.文章段落中，论及与其它乘客商量调换座位的内容在［N］段出现，该段第(4)点提到，量后一个应对策略，即霍比卡所说的讨价还价”，是和其它乘客商量一下调换座位.由此可见，题干是对原文的同义改写，故答案为［N］.题干中的the last strategy 和exchange seats with other passengers by negotiating with them分另'］对应原文中的the last resort和negotiating seat svaps with other passengers.。
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2020年大学英语六级考试阅读训练题（16） There he was America's first President with a MBA, the man who loves to boast about his business background, whose presidential campaign raised unprecedented sums from corporate wallets and whose cabinet is stuffed with chief executives. Faith in the integrity of American business leaders was being undermined(破坏)， George Bush said fiercely, by executives "breaching trust and abusing power". It was time for "a new ethic of personal responsibility in the business community". He was going to "end the days of cooking the books, shading the truth and breaking our laws"。
Only months ago, the idea that George W Bush would publicly lambaste America's cooperate bosses was laughable. As a candidate, born on the wave of a decade-long economic boom and an unprecedented 18-year bull market, he cashed in on American's love affair with corporate success. But things are different now. The stock market bubble has burst and, despite signs of economic recovery. Wall Street seems to be sunk in gloom. A string of scandals at some of America's most high-flying firms--including Enron, Xerox. Tyco, Global Crossing and most recently, World Com??has radically changed the public mood。
As political pressure for reform increases, so too does the heat on Mr Bush. Is the businessman's president really prepared to take business on and push hard for reform? Despite the set jaw and aggrieved tone in New York. Probably not. Mr. Bush thinks the current crisis stems from a few bad-apple chief executives rather than the system as a whole. Hence he focus on tough penalties for corrupt businessmen and his plea for higher ethical standards. The president announced the creation of a financial-crimes SWAT team, at the Justice Department to root out corporate fraud, and wants to double the maximum prison sentence for financial fraud from five to ten years. But he offered few concrete suggestions for systemic reform： little mention of changes to strengthen shareholders' rights, not even an endorsement of the Senate corporate-reform bill。
There are few signs yet that cleaning up corporate America is an issue that animates the voters. Polls show that Americans have little faith in their business leaders, but politicians do not seem to be suffering as a result. Mr. Bush's approval ratings have fallen from their sky-highs, but they are still very strong。
The president, therefore, need do no more than talk tough. This alone will convince ordinary Americans that he is on top of the issue. As the economy rebounds and public outage subsides, the clamor for change will be quieter. Democratic attacks will fizzle, and far-reaching reform bills will be watered down before they become law. Politically, the gamble makes sense. Unfortunately for American capitalism, a great opportunity will be missed。
52. We can infer from the third paragraph that Mr. Bush______。
A) didn't intend to take business on and push hard for reform
B) did not do anything at all for the presence of the current situation C) took shareholders' right into account, but he didn't approve reform bill
D) took some measures to pave the way for the reform 53. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Bush had to offer concrete suggestions for reform as political pressure increase
B) At present, the maximum prison sentence for financial fraud is five year
C) It is laughable that M Bush publicly attacked America's corporate bosses
D) Americans have little faith in their business as well as political leaders
54. Which of the following statements about Mr. Bush is mentioned in this passage?
A) M Bush is the second President with an MBA in American history
B) M Bush contributes a lot to decade-long economic boom C) M Bush's approval ratings are still high D) M Bush didn't get support in his presidential campaign
55. The author's attitude towards the reform is______。 A) indifferent B) optimistic C) skeptical D) favorable 56. The phrase "a great opportunity" mentioned in the last paragraph refers to an opportunity to______。