2002年4月全国英语翻译试题及答案
全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试综合英语（二）试题4
Ⅳ.阅读理解。
认真阅读下列两篇短⽂，每篇短⽂后有5个问题，根据短⽂的内容从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择⼀个正确答案，并将选项号填在答题纸的相应位置上。
(本⼤题共10⼩题，每⼩题1分，共10分)Read the two passages and answer the questions.(10 points)(1)Making Use of Your TimeEverybody wastes time.Instead of doing their lessons,students watch television,or go and enjoy themselves outside the campus(校园).Writers neglect their work,and wander up and down in the room making cups of coffee and daydreaming.They all have good intentions,but they keep putting off the moment when they must start work.As a consequence,they begin to feel guilty,and then waste even more time wishing they had not allowed themselves to be distracted.When someone else is organizing our time for us,as,for instance,during lessons or working hours,we do not necessarily work more efficiently,but at least we are subject to the discipline of a routine.It is when we are responsible for organizing our own time that the need for self-discipline arises.Self-employed people,particularly those engaged in such creative activities as writing,can only survive,let alone prosper,if they can organize their time efficiently.I know two writers who seem to me to have got to grips with(正确解决) the problem,but in quite different ways.Bob is extremely methodical(井井有条).He arrives at his office at 9 a.m. and is creative until 12∶30.At 2 p.m.,he returns to his desk and is creative until 5 p.m.,when he goes home and switches off until the following morning.Alan would deny that you can regulate your creativity in this way,by the clock as it were.He works in inspired bursts,often missing meals and sleep in order to get down on paper the ideas that are in his head.Such periods of intense activity are usually followed by days of laziness,when he walks around his flat,listening to Mozart or flicking through magazines.Their places of work reflect their styles.Bob's books are neatly arranged on the shelves by his desk.He can always find the books he wants,and there is not a single book in his office which is not directly relevant to his work.Alan,on the other hand,has books and magazines all over the place,some on shelves,some in piles on the floor and the table,still some even on or under the bed.Both Bob and Alan have managed to organize their lives in such a way that they are able to produce work of very high quality.Obviously,each works in the way that suits his character,and it would be foolish to take either as a model.All the same,there is a lot we can learn from them.For example,Bob has the excellent idea of setting targets for each week.As long as he is “on target,”he will occasionally take one afternoon off for relaxation without feeling guilty;he deliberately plans to waste time for recovery from tiredness.It seems to be a much better idea to relax and enjoy your time-wasting,rather than to feel guilty about it both at the time and afterwards.51.The author implies that a person who has wasted time should notA. waste any more time regretting it.B. feel uneasy or blame others.C. avoid being distracted a second time.D. try to make up for the lost time.52.Even if a writer can organize his time efficiently,heA. may not achieve much success.B. is unlikely to produce high quality work.C. still can't work creatively or productively.D. is less productive than people with regular jobs.53.Through the example of Bob and Alan,the author wants to showA. self-discipline is the most important in the profession of writing.B. creativity can never be regulated by devices such as a clock.C. one should not feel uneasy when wasting time once a target is hit.D. not bothering with small matters is a work style rather than a shortcoming.54.To make use of our time,we shouldA. keep warning ourselves against wasting time.B. set targets for each time unit.C. deliberately plan to waste time.D. work hard while working and enjoy ourselves while playing.55.The author suggests that wasting time can sometimes beA. necessary.B. shameful.C. productive.D. enjoyable.。
2002年度全国英语专业四级试题及答案（1）
Part ⅠWRITING ［45 MIN.］ SECTION A COMPOSITION Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health. And they have different ways to stay healthy. For example, some exercise every day; others try to keep a balanced diet. What do you think is the best way to stay healthy? Write a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: THE BEST WAY TO STAY HEALTHY You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state what you think is the best way. In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks wil be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
2002年4月全国英语阅读(一)试题及答案
全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)试题课程代码：00595PART ONEⅠ.TEXT COMPREHENSIONThe following comprehension questions are based on the texts you have learned, and each of them is provided with 4 choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D].Choose the best answer to each question and write it on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points, 1 point each)1.“One dollar and eighty-seven cents,”which O. Henry repeatedly mentions in Gifts of the Magi, is _____.[A]the money Della has been earning for months[B]what Della has saved to buy herself a comb[C]what Jim has given her for a Christmas present[D]the money Della has saved to buy Jim a present2.When the brothers discovered the secret love affair between Lisabetta and Lorenzo, they _____.[A]decided to wait for a chance to wipe away the shame[B]restrained from taking action after long consideration[C]immediately put an end to it by killing Lorenzo and burying him in a remote place[D]secretly sent Lorenzo away on business without informing their sister of it3.Accoridng to The Pardoner's Tale, the woman who gave the knight the right answer to the question disguised herself as a very old and ugly woman in order to .[A]avoid being noticed by the Queen[B]try out his goodness as a knight[C]prevent the knight from finding the answer[D]make sure he was obedient to women4.“She (Mme. Loisel )seemed to have fallen from her proper situation in life as a woman of wealth, beauty, grace and charm.”This quotation from The Necklace simply means that ______. [A]she had been a woman of wealth, beauty, grace and charm but now she was no longer whatshe used to be[B]she should have been a woman of wealth, beauty, grace and charm but her husband spoiled allher dreams[C]she felt as if a woman of wealth, beauty, grace and charm had fallen into an abyss(深渊)ofbitter life[D]as a woman of wealth, beauty, grace and charm, she should have had a social position shedeserved5.According to the story The Lost Gold Piece, when Lebeau refused to be searched,______.[A]his friends said nothing but walked out in anger[B]those present were all certain that Lebeau was a thief[C]no one spoke to Lebeau though most of them felt pity for him[D]he felt as if the were a real criminal6.Aesop was a Greek writer who ______.[A]wrote Snow White and many other stories about fairies and princes[B]wrote many stories about animals that talked and behaved like humans[C]collected Greek legends and myths 2,500 years ago[D]collected European lyrics and folk songs in ancient Greece7.In The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calavers County, Smiley went off to the swamp to find a frog to serve as Daniel's opponent for a jumping contest. While he was waiting for Smiley to return, the stranger took Daniel out of the box and ______.[A]fed him a few teaspoons of whisky[B]fed him a few teaspoons of sand[C]replaced him by a good-looking frog[D]ran away with Smiley's box and money8.In Art for Heart's Sake, after Ellsworth recovered from the disease, he made a surprising announcement that ______.[A]he would run a big risk of buying the gallery[B]he was going to exhibit his painting in the summer show at the gallery[C]some good paintings would be singled out for praise[D]he would comp up with a more promising financial plan9.According to How to Live like a Millionaire, the accumulation of wealth chiefly depends on ______.[A]self-discipline [B]inheritance[C]intelligence [D]luck10.The theme of Rip Van Winkle, a short story taken from The Sketch Book, is ______.[A]the value of individualism and intuitive perception[B]the human imagination to commune with nature[C]the nostalgia(怀旧)for the unrecoverable past[D]the praise for the individual and common man11.On waking up, Rip V an Wrinkle found himself ______.[A]in the hollow where the serious folk played ninepins[B]in the woods where he used to divert himself in hunting[C]in one of the biggest parts of mountains he used to climb[D]on the green hill where he had first seen the old man with the keg full of liquor12.In The Wrong House, the two men entered the house stealthily to ______.[A]make a big robbery [B]hide the suitcase packed with dollars[C]flee for their lives [D]wait for their partners13.Pandora's Box conveys to the reader the message that ______.[A]the warnings given by friends or family members should be valued[B]there is hope in life despite trouble and difficulty[C]curiosity often brings harm and trouble in life[D]patience is the best rule of life for young couples14.According to Bricks from the Tower of the Babel, nearly a thousand languages have been invented with the purpose to ______.[A]enrich natural languages[B]confound the languages of the world[C]create a single international language[D]replace native languages15.The use of Latin and Greek roots appeals to most linguists mainly because of ______.[A]their link to the religion[B]their long history[C]their direct spelling rules and pronunciation[D]their Indo-European origin16.Helen Keller cited an example of her friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods to show that ______.[A]the seeing often do not see the interesting things[B]the seeing do not know the wonderful pleasure of touching things[C]walking in the woods is the best way to enjoy Nature[D]the blind get little pleasure through mere touching17.According to Social Classes, one thing that helps to make social class elastic is ______.[A]birth [B]residence[C]marriage [D]occupation18.The Supreme Court sees to it that ______.[A]the President does not become a dictator[B]the Congress approves the President's proposals[C]the individual's rights are protected against the government[D]the states do not go against the federal government19.Jane felt an inexpressible relief, a feeling of protection and safety when she knew that ______.[A]there was a stranger in the room[B]Mrs Reed was nearby[C]Bessie sat by her bedside[D]John Reed was not in the room20.In Jane Eyre, Bessie asked Sarah to come and sleep with her in the nursery because she ______.[A]wanted to discuss Jane's problems with her[B]was afraid that Jane might die that night[C]believed that Mr Reed's ghost might rise before her[D]had a terrible dream the night beforeⅡ.READING COMPREHENSIONIn this part there are 4 reading passages followed by 20 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D].Y ou should decide on the best answer and write it on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1Queen Elizabeth II’s pronunciation of English has been infected by her subjects, Aussie scientists say.Phoneticists from Sydney's Macquarie University studied archive recordings of the Queen's annual Christmas message to the Commonwealth from the 1950s to1980s, analyzing her Majesty's vowels.They then compared those vowels with the standard accent of southern England, as used by female British broadcasters on the BBC in the 1980s, to see how the royal accent had changed.Their conclusion: the cut-glass speech of the early years of the Queen's reign has become—how shall we say—somewhat commoner over the years.That in itself subtly mirrors the changes is Britain, from a country with a rigid social hierarchy(等级制度)four decades ago to one where class differences have blurred and in some areas disappeared.“The Queen's pronunciation of some vowels has been influenced by the standard southern-British accent of the 1980s which is more typically associated with speakers who are younger and lower in the social hierarchy,”the researchers say.Standard speech in southern England has been influenced by Cockneys(伦敦人), whose accent was initiated by Dick V an Dyke in the Walt Disney movie“Mary Poppins.”Purists will be reassured that the Queen's “Hice (house) of Windsor”will not become the Ouse of Windsor”(by dropping the‘h’) in the foreseeable future.However, there have been changes in 10 out of the 11 vowel sounds in the standard English.These changes bring her speech closer to that of her Cockney subjects, the researchers found.An example of this is the way in which she pronounces “had”.In the 1950s, the royal pronunciation of this word almost rhymed with“bed”.But 30 years later, it had migrated halfway to the standard southern English pronunciation, which rhymes “had”with“had”.The Australian team say the pronunciation of all languages alters subtly over time, mainly because of influence from the young, and it is foolish for anyone to try to prevent change.“The chances of societies and academies successfully preserving a particular form of pronunciation against the influence of community and social changes are unlikely,”they say.The research was published December 21 in Nature, the British science weekly.21.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?[A]The pronunciation of all languages changes subtly over time.[B]It is not always easy to preserve a particular form of pronunciation.[C]The Queen's English has become commoner.[D]Class differences have blurred and even disappeared.22.Who did the research into the Queen's pronunciation?[A]An Australian research group.[B]Phoneticians from a British University.[C]A British science weekly.[D]The BBC broadcasters.23.The Queen's pronunciation of some vowels has been influenced by .[A]female British broadcasters on the BBC in the 1980s[B]the social changes in Britain in the 1980s[C]the standard speech in southern England[D]her subjects in the Commonwealth countries24.By saying that the change in the Queen's English mirrors the social changes in Britain, the writer means .[A]the rigid social hierarchy 40 years ago has collapsed[B]the Queen's accent has been influenced by the lower class[C]the Queen's accent is associated with the younger speakers[D]the social differences in Britain are no longer as distinct as before25.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT stated?[A]The researchers analyzed the Queen's vowels to see how the royal accent had changed.[B]The researchers found that the Queen's accent is closer to that of her Cockney subjects.[C]It is unlikely to preserve a particular accent against social changes and influence ofcommunity.[D]The change in the pronunciation of a particular language is closely associated with the Royalspeech.Passage 2If culture is learned, there must be channels of transmission. This is the task of agents of socialization—people and organizations charged with conveying the rules. Chief among these are parents, peers, teachers, the media, and religious authorities.The first and most important agent of socialization is those who care for infants. In the earliest months, messages from nurturers(抚养人) constitute the child's basic understanding of the world around it. This is the infant's first introduction to the language that shapes perception and elicits emotions. What the child learns is the culture as mediated through others. A desire for continued interaction with the nurturers, combined with a fear of losing these sources of pleasure, motivates the infant to become sensitive to the cues of those entrusted with its care.Another powerful source of information and socialization is the friendship group of age peers. Peers are equals, whereas parents are superiors in relation to the child. The greater power of parents makes some kinds of learning difficult. A distance and formality must be observed even in the most indulgent (宽容) homes. Peers, on the other hand, are those one can deal with on the same level as oneself: tease, insult, let imagination loose upon, share dreadful mistakes with , and so on, but without the heavy emotional overlay of family relationship.Much formal socialization is placed in the hands of professionals. Teachers from kindergarten on are specifically designated agents of socialization, and are paid for the task. Ideally, a teacher is one who has both knowledge and the skills to present it.In an earlier time, parents, friends, and teachers would comprise the list of primary childhoodsocializers. Children's books, comics, and magazines might also have been mentioned as sources of information on norms and role models. Today one must add four powerful indirect socialization agents: radio, movie, television and computer. Many people learn about politics, form a vision of the good life, and develop attitudes toward others from what they see on the screen and hear through loudspeakers.26.The main topic of this passage is .[A]agents of socialization [B]sources of information[C]culture and language learning [D]channels of transmission27.According to the passage, parents are .[A]the first and most important agents of socialization[B]the less powerful agents of socialization than teachers[C]the least important agents of socialization[D]formal agents of socialization28.Some kind of knowledge cannot be learned from parents because .[A]there is the heavy emotional overlay of family relationships[B]children are not regarded as equals[C]children are not allowed to make mistakes[D]they have too many age peers29.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a source of information on norms and models?[A]Games. [B]Radio.[C]Books. [D]Television.30.The term “socializers”in the last paragraph refers to .[A]instructors [B]agents of socialization[C]superiors [D]nurturersPassage 3Before graduation from the University of Virginia, I sent my resume to African embassies and consulates, trying to find a position teaching English. But I didn't find a school in all the continent that would guarantee employment. In desperation, I applied to the Japanese Ministry of Education and Ministry of Foreign Affairs to teach English in Japan, which became my job offer.But the more I thought about going to Japan, the more apprehensive I became, I knew nothing of the history or culture, and I didn't speak the language. I worried that facing prejudice in a foreign country would be extremely frustrating.Arriving at Sakura Nishi High School, about 40 minutes from Tokyo, I was relieved to find that everyone, from my principal to the PTA mothers, treated me with kindness and respect. But I discovered that while Japanese teens respected me as an American, they idolized me because I was Black.While I was in Japan, trendy department stores advertised Booby Brown posters, Cross Colours gear and X caps in their windows, Rappers from Ice-T to Ice Cube toured, and Malcolm X was atthe major theaters. On Saturday nights Shibuya ward. Tokyo’s hub of hip-hop and high fashion, was packed with students in baggy jeans, “Doc”Martens, Chicango Bulls caps, permed (烫头发的) Afros and dreadlocks. To them, my being African-American meant I was Kakoi, cool. And before long I was a star.At a track-and-field event in Tokyo, I was one of the few foreign spectators. I hadn't been there ten minutes when a screaming mob of young girls swarmed around me like bees, waving pens, notebooks and T-shirts in my face, shouting,“Sign, sign, sign!”I was petrifide(发呆的).Then it dawned on me that they thought I was an athlete. I couldn’t explain in Japanese that I was only a spectator, so I surrendered.That day was only the first of many incidents of mistaken identity and instant stardom. Nightclub managers let me in free, knowing my presence would attract patrons, and security guards at rap concerts gave me backstage passes. To be young, single and Black in Tokyo in the nineties was surely as exciting and romantic as the pre-World War ⅡSpain Hemingway knew.But I wanted to say to the Japanese, “Y ou must understand, being Black is more involved than just wearing an X cap. It means being committed to furthering our race and nurturing our children. Being Black runs deeper than just having rhythm. It means possessing a history of more than 300 years of fighting for freedom and equality. And as a people, we are more diverse than our hair-styles. Our talents and interests vary as much as our shades of brown.”I wished I could have said what I really should have been telling myself all along, rather than defining myself by our images as either sports stars and performers or criminals and victims.31.The author's reason for going to Japan was that she .[A]intended to learn about the country and its people[B]failed to find an opportunity to teach English in Africa[C]knew she would be respected in foreign country[D]wanted to see if she would face prejudice in Japan32.How did the author feel about going to Japan?[A]Desperate. [B]Nervous.[C]Disappointed. [D]Frustrated.33.The author was treated like a star in Japan because .[A]she was a famous athlete [B]she was a famous rapper[C]she was an American [D]she was Black34.The writer's experience in Japan clearly tells us that .[A]Japanese people lack confidence in their own nation[B]many Japanese believe that all Blacks who visit Japan are famous athletes[C]people in Japan are strongly opposed to racial prejudice[D]Japanese people like sports and many are sports fans35.It can be most safely concluded from the last paragraph that .[A]the author did not actually tell anyone her ideas about being black[B]Japanese people were quite ignorant of American history[C]there was a lack of cultural exchange between American and Japan[D]people in the two countries have some misunderstanding about each otherPassage 4Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language; but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently pronouncing a foreign language is a skill—one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself, I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So, there should be occasions, when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place.Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique.It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech, and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students' pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time wasted.But it does not follow that you can teach pronunciation successfully as soon as you have read the necessary books. It depends after that what use you make of your knowledge; and this is a matter of technique.36.What does the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign languages?[A]Only a few people are really proficient.[B]No one is really an expert in the skill.[C]There aren't many people who are even fairly good.[D]There are even some people who are moderately proficient.37.The best way of learning to speak a foreign language, he suggests, is by .[A]picking it up naturally as a child[B]learning from a native speaker[C]not concentrating on pronunciation as such[D]undertaking systematic work38.What is it that teachers are said to be inclined to forget?[A]The practical teaching of languages.[B]The importance of a good accent.[C]The principles of phonetic theory.[D]The teaching of pronunciation in the classroom.39.The value the student puts on correct speech habits depends upon .[A]how closely he attends to the matter[B]whether it is English that is being taught[C]his teacher's approach to pronunciation[D]the importance normally given to grammar and spelling40.How might the teacher find himself wasting lesson time?[A]By spending lesson time on pronunciation.[B]By making ill-informed comments upon pronunciation.[C]By not using books on phonetics in the classroom.[D]By not giving students a clear mental picture of the difference between sounds.Ⅲ.SKIMMING AND SCANNINGIn this part there are 3 reading passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 answers marked [A],[B],[C]and[D].Skim or scan the passages, then decide on the best answer and write it on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 1 point each)Passage 1Page PREFACE 1 INTRODUCTION 5The Search of American Characterby Luther S. Luedtke 35PART ONEBuilding a Nation1.America's Natural Landscapes 43by Pierce Lewis2.From Immigration to Acculturation 68by Arthur Mann3.The Frontier Family: Dislocation and the American Experience 81by Lillian Schlissel4.A Consonance of Towns 91by Richard Lingeman5.Urban America 105by Sam Bass Warner, Jr.6.Cultural Regions of America 121by Raymond D. GastilPART TWO 135 Expressions of American Culture1.American Manners 140by Neil Harris2.The Artlessness of American Culture 153by Dickran Tashjian3.A New Architecture, Y et Old 165by Leland M. Roth4.Literature and V alues: The American Crusoe and the Idea of the West 177by Richard Lehan5.Entertainment and the Mass Media 190by Norman Corwin6.Sports and American Culture 207by Richard G. Powers41.The author of the introduction is .[A]Neil Harris [B]Luther S. Luedtke[C]Raymond D. Gastil [D]Richard G. Powers42.If you are interested in the relationship between sports and the American cult are you should refer to pages .[A]207-220 [B]53-164[C]35-152 [D]165-17643.In the essay written by Norman Corwin, you probably will find information about American .[A]literature [B]geography[C]newspapers [D]landscapesPassage 2The effort to develop gene (基因) transplants as a treatment for hereditary (遗传的) diseases has taken another step forward.An American team has developed a highly efficient technique to carry out gene transplants in mice. Eventually, scientists hope to be able to use the technique in man to replace the defective genes responsible for diseases such as hemophilia and cystic fibrosis.The latest feat in the drive towards performing a gene transplant on man was reported by doctors Suzanne Mansour, Kirk Thomas and Mario Capecchi of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City.“It is a breakthrough, producing a new approach to doing gene therapy,”said Dr Capecchi.Previous attempts at inserting new genes into the chromosome, the bady's genetic blueprint, have had only limited success.A British team has found a way to persuade a transplanted gene to work by the discovery of specialgenetic material that “switches on”the gene, wherever it is inserted in a cell's genetic material.But a misplaced gene may affect the operation of other genes, disrupting the operation of the cell and leading to cancer in rare cases.Now the Utah team has developed a procedure in which the cell self-destructs if a new gene is not properly inserted. Their transplant gene contains a toxic component that produces poison in the cell if the gene is misplaced.The gene transplant was successful for one in 20 cells. Thousands of cells had to be screened when other methods were carried out, said Dr Thomas.The transplants were carried out on mouse embryo (胚胎) stem cells, the progenitors (祖先) of a number of cells in mice.They can be used to identify the function of genes and create mice with human genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis to help research into cures.44.American scientists are now able to .[A]carry out gene transplants in man[B]carry out gene transplants in mice[C]replace the defective genes of man[D]cure the diseases such as hemophilia and cystic fibrosis45.The British team has found a way to transplant genes too. But it is not as good as the American way because .[A]the British team discovered the special genetic material[B]the British team discovered a way to persuade a transplanted gene to work[C]a misplaced gene may affect the operation of other genes[D]the British way is sure to lead to cancer46.The Utah team refers to .[A]the British team [B]the American team[C]Salt Lake City [D]something not mentioned47.The transplants were carried out to mouse embryo stem cells because they can be used to .[A]distinguish between mice and human beings[B]create human genetic disorders[C]identify cystic fibrosis[D]help researchPassage 3The 45 students in the first homeroom class of the ninth grade were all seated at their desks when the opening notes of the Brahms symphony roared from the loudspeaker at precisely 8∶30 a.m. Soon the violins faded, and a slow, synthesized pulse spread across the room, numbing the mindwith its smooth, hypnotic gait. The room was cold and slightly dank (潮湿的). No sun shone through the plate glass windows overlooking the balcony. The clouds, like the students, were still.In a moment, a soothing, resonant voice began to speak.“Good morning, boys and girls. Let's begin another wonderful day. Please close your eyes…”For ten minutes every morning the students at Sano Junior High sat in quiet meditation to prepare themselves for the day ahead. The principal, Sakamoto Sensei, had introduced this system, known as Method Training, several years earlier in order to quell the growing incidence of school “violence,”mainly minor scuffles and hair violations. The program consisted of a sequence of 25 tapes for total mental and physical conditioning. Each day a different tape was played…After ten minutes the music dissolved, the voice disappeared, and Mrs. Negishi-standing erect before the class-took control of the homeroom meeting.“Stand up,”she commanded, and the students rose to their feet.“Attention,”she said, and they dropped their arms to their thighs.“Bow.”It was 8∶42 in the morning.People who are born and grow up in different cultures act and think very differently from one another. Bruce Feiler, an American who taught school in Japan, was struck by the ways in which Japanese schools socialized their students to become adult members of Japanese society. Deep respect for authority, long hours of focused learning, appropriate modes of dress, even proper ways to bow-all of these were central aspects of Japanese education that would be virtually unthinkable in most American schools today. Japanese educational practices, in turn, reflect widely shared norms and values that are found in Japanese families, workplaces, and indeed throughout Japanese culture.48.The quiet meditation usually lasts for .[A]10minutes [B]15minutes[C]30minutes [D]42minutes49.The music used for total mental and physical conditioning is .[A]the same every day [B]out of date[C]different every day [D]popular among young people50.The main idea of the last paragraph is that .[A]Japanese educational practices reflect widely stared norms and values found throughout Japanese culture[B]the writer was struck by the ways in which Japanese schools socialized their students[C]people from different cultures act and think differently from one another[D]central aspects of Japanese education would be virtually unthinkable in most American。
2002年度全国英语专业四级试题及答案（2）
2002年专业英语四级考真试题及答案（7）
eliminating poverty and pursuing good government. This would include taking action against corruption. At the same time Common Market finance ministers are meeting in Muricius. Britain is expected to put forward a fresh initiative on redressing debts of the poorest countries. The chancellor of Czech has indicated the plan to revise the scheme put forward last year by the International Monetary Fund which has not yet provided any relief. News Item Two (20-21) An underground train derailed at the station in central Paris yesterday, injuring people and just missing another underground train standing on the opposite track. French emergency services say the trains were traveling at 35 kilometres per hour when it derailed at the entrance of the station. No one was killed and no one was trapped in the train during the accident. Ambulances rushed to the scene and doctors began treating casualties in the station and a nearby cafe. Some people have broken limbs and others have suffered bruising. None was in a critical condition. As yet it was not known why the train came off the tracks. News Item Three (22-23) In Argentina,civil servants held a 24-hour strike yesterday to protest pay cuts of 12-15% for anyone earning more than 1,000 US dollars a month. Public service unions and local teamsters plan to hold the protest rally in front of the government house. The work stoppage comes at the last Friday’s general strike when many of Argentina’s 12 million workers stayed home after the nation’s powerful General Worker Confederation, the nation’s largest union group, called a one-day strike to protest spending cuts and free market reforms. News Item Four (24-25) Germany was due to strike a deal yesterday to close down its 19 nuclear power plants, making it the first major industrial nation to commit to withdrawing from nuclear energy. Talks between Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder’s government and chiefs of German energy industry were to begin at 8:30 p.m.. Closure of German 19 reactors, which provided around a third of the country’s electricity needs, was a key pledge of the Greens, ’s coalition government.
全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题答案
全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题参考答案课程代码：00015Ⅰ.V ocabulary and Structure (10 points,1 point for each item)1.A2.C3.B4.B5.D6.A7.A8.D9.C 10.DⅡ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)11.B 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.B16.C 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.CⅢ.Reading Comprehension(30 points, 2 points for each item)21.D 22.C 23.B 24.C 25.A26.D 27.C 28.D 29.C 30.A31.C 32.D 33.A 34.C 35.AⅣ.Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items)36.passport 37.graduate 38.relief 39.cargo40.profound 41.lengthen 42.urban 43.appoint44.honesty pel 46.critical 47.devotion48.efficient 49.manual 50.routine 51.neutral52.youthful 53.heighten 54.additional 55.householdⅤ.Word Form (10 points, 1 point for each item)56.Standing 57.to be held 58.had made 59.appreciation60.testing 61.smaller 62.increasingly 63.disapproval64.had not been 65.livedⅥ.Translation from Chinese into English(15 points, 3 points for each item)66.The librarian asked the students to replace the magazines after reading.67.The police have taken a detailed and comprehensive investigation into the case.68.It's up to you whether you will withdraw all your money form the bank.69.He took no notice of his wife's threat to leave him.70.If you persist in ignoring what I (have) said , I will punish you.Ⅶ.Translation from English into Chinese(15 points)谈到聪明，我们不是指在某些种类的考试中得高分、或者在学校取得优异成绩的能力。
全国高等教育自学考试2002年4月大学英语(二)试题
全国高等教育自学考试2002年4月大学英语（二）试题PART ONEⅠ.V ocabulary and Structure （10 points，i point for each item）从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将选项号填在答题纸的相应位置上。
1.Studies have shown _______ teenagers often suffer form depression.A. thatB. which C .in which D. in that2.The party has failed to _______ the majority of voters that it is capable of governing the country.A. trustB. creditC. convinceD. believe3._______ driving around all day looking for somewhere to park，why don‘t you take a bus to town？A. In spite ofB. Rather thanC. In place ofD. Other than4.The kids are _______ be hungry when they get home—they always are.A. obliged toB. bound toC. desired toD. motivated to5.All the characteristics that distinguish birds _______ other animals can be traced to prehistoric times.A. toB. betweenC. forD. from6.When the city was _______，everyone knew that total defeat was certain.A. cut offB. cut downC. cut acrossD. cut out7.If we _______ everything ready by now，we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.A. hadn‘t gotB. didn‘t getC. wouldn‘t have gotD. wouldn‘t get8.In his composition there were no other errors _______ a few misspelled words.A. besideB. exceptC. thenD. than9.In deciding _______ a course of action，the candidates tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters.A. what to pursueB. which to pursueC. whether to pursueD. if to pursue10.Since we have a focused subject，we should not talk _______.A. at onceB. at handC. at intervalsD. at randomⅡ.Cloze Test （10 points， 1 point for each item）下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语（二）试题5
将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填⼊空⽩。
答案写在答题纸上。
56.______(stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.57.It is said the conference is ______(hold) in this hall next month.58.Little did they realize that they _____(make) an importantdiscovery in science.59.we would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere _____ (appreciate) of your help.60.As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals used in experiments may decrease,but stopping ____(test) on animals altogether is a long way away.rge or fat people who want to look ____(small) than they are usuallywear dark clothes.62.Robots, becoming ______(increase) prevalent in factories, are programmed and engineered to do morejobs.63.The author of the text expresses a strong _____(disapprove) of working on and off frequently.64.He would have given you more help, if he ______ (not be) so busy.65.A life _____(live)without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed. Ⅵ.Translation from Chinese into English(15 points, 3 points for each item)将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。
2002年4月英语翻译试题及答案-推荐下载
2002年4月英语翻译试题及答案课程代码：0087PART ONEⅠ. Multiple Choice Questions(30 points, 2 points for each)A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness and write it down onthe answer sheet.1.Bill was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.A.天快黑了，有人给比尔一把椅子，请他坐下等一会儿。
忽然电灯全亮了，整座大桥的轮廓被灯照了出来。
B.给比尔一把椅子，他被要求坐下等一会儿，天快黑了。
忽然电灯全亮了，照出了整座大桥的轮廓。
C.天快黑了，有人给比尔一把椅子，请他坐下等一会儿。
忽然电灯全亮了，照出了整座大桥的轮廓。
D.给比尔一把椅子，他被要求坐下等一会儿，天快黑了。
忽然电灯全亮了，整座大桥的轮廓被灯照了出来。
2.It will strengthen you to know that you distinguished career is so widely respected and appreciated.A.这会使你坚定地认识到，你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏。
B.这会使你进一步坚定信念，因为你的杰出事业如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏。
全国2002年4月自学考试英语试题答案
全国2002年4月自学考试英语(一)试题答案课程代码：00012Ⅰ.Vocabulary and structure (10 points, 1 point for each)1.D2.A3.B4.C5.D6.D7.A8.C9.B 10.DⅡ.Cloze Test (10 points,1 point for each)11.A 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.D16.B 17.C 18.D 19.A 20.BⅢ.Reading Comprehension (30 points,2 points for each)21.B 22.C 23.A 24.A 25.B26.D 27.A 28.C 29.D 30.B31.C 32.C 33.B 34.D 35.AⅣ.Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two words)36.introduce 37.hesitate 38.equipment 39.cycle 40.yellow41.attract 42.frequently 43.shut 44.progress 45.request 46.possess 47.passive 48.neat 49.rock 50.eventually 51.wisdom 52.invent 53.remote 54.theory 55.wheel Ⅴ.Word From (10 points, 1 point for each)56. married 57.visit 58.would have been understood59.being punished 60.are blown 61.discovery62.known 63.will have been 64.smiling65.to saveⅥ.C-E Translation (15 points, 3 points for each)66.How do you plan to deal with this problem?67.Whether or not we will go out tomorrow depends on the weather.68.One reason why we are unwilling to discuss insurance is that it is very expensive.69.Without your help we could not have finished the task yesterday.70.It is said that in some single parent families children live a miserable life.Ⅶ.E-C Translation (15 points)许多人认为美国儿童的健康状况不良。
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全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题课程代码：00087PART ONEⅠ. Multiple Choice Questions(30 points, 2 points for each)A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versionsmarked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness and write it down on the answer sheet.1.Bill was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the wholebridge was outlined in lights.A.天快黑了，有人给比尔一把椅子，请他坐下等一会儿。
忽然电灯全亮了，整座大桥的轮廓被灯照了出来。
B.给比尔一把椅子，他被要求坐下等一会儿，天快黑了。
忽然电灯全亮了，照出了整座大桥的轮廓。
C.天快黑了，有人给比尔一把椅子，请他坐下等一会儿。
忽然电灯全亮了，照出了整座大桥的轮廓。
D.给比尔一把椅子，他被要求坐下等一会儿，天快黑了。
忽然电灯全亮了，整座大桥的轮廓被灯照了出来。
2.It will strengthen you to know that you distinguished career is so widely respected andappreciated.A.这会使你坚定地认识到，你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏。
B.这会使你进一步坚定信念，因为你的杰出事业如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏。
C.知道你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏会使你进一步坚定信念。
D.当你知道你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏时，你就会力量倍增。
3.Alice rudely showed me the door.A.爱丽斯无礼地向我指了一下门的位置。
B.爱丽斯无礼地让我看了看她的门。
C.爱丽斯无礼地把我送到门口。
D.爱丽斯无礼地把我轰出了门。
4.There's the bell; someone is at the door.A.那里有个铃；门口有个人。
B.那里有个铃；有人在叫门。
C.铃响了，有人在门口。
D.铃响了，有人叫门。
5.There is no one of us but wishes to go to the exhibition.A.我们每一个人都想去看展览。
B.没有谁想去看展览。
C.我们都没在，但有人想请我们去看展览。
D.虽然大家都没在，但我们都希望去看展览。
6.The car beeped at me until I fastened my seatbelt.A.汽车向我发出了嘟嘟的声音，直到我系上了安全带。
B.汽车发出嘟嘟的声音，我系上安全带就不响了。
C.汽车在我系上安全带之前才发出嘟嘟的声音。
D.汽车发出嘟嘟的声音，我才系上了安全带。
7.流传久远的作品是靠文学技巧流传，谁会关心百十年前的生活?A. Literary works have stood the test to time because of the skill, who today really cares about thedetails of life a hundred years ago?B. Literary works have stood the test of time because of the skill. Who today really cares about thedetails of life a hundred years ago?C. Literary works have stood the test of time because of the skill with which they were written.Who today really cares about the details of what life was like a hundred years ago?D. Literary works have stood the test of time because of the skill with which they were written,who today really cares about the details of what life was like a hundred years ago?8.应该对货币流通量进行控制，使其有利于人民币价值的稳定，有利于经济的增长。
A. The volume of money in circulation should keep at a level beneficial to stabilizing the value ofthe RMB and to economic growth.B.The volume of money in circulation should be kept at a level that will stabilize the value of theRMB and encourage economic growth.C.The volume of money in circulation should be kept at a level beneficial to stabilize the value ofthe RMB and to encourage economic growth.D.The volume of money in circulation should be kept at a level beneficial to stabilizing the value ofthe RMB and to economic growth.9.发展是硬道理。
A. Development is the hard reason.B. Development is the hard principle.C. Development is the absolute reason.D. Development is the absolute principle.10.不发达地区大都是拥有丰富资源的地区，发展潜力是很大的。
A.Most of the less developed areas are rich in resources, have great potential for development.B.Most of the less developed areas are rich in resources and have great potential for development.C.Most of the less developed areas are rich in resources development potential is very great.D.Most of the less developed areas are rich in resources and their development potential very great.B. Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choicesmarked A,B,C and D. Select the one that best completes each statement and write it down on the answer sheet.11.“凡是翻译，必须兼顾着两面，一当然力求其易解，一则保存着原作的丰姿。
”这是_______提出的。
A.鲁迅B.瞿秋白C.茅盾D.郭沫若12.杨宪益说：“译者应尽量忠实于原文的形象，既不要夸张，也不要夹带任何别的东西”。
他针对的是______。
A.任何一种翻译B.文学翻译C.诗歌翻译D.汉英翻译13.“上下文在解决语言单位的多义性问题上起着最重要的作用。
”这是______的论述。
A.林纾B.巴尔胡达罗夫C.泰特勒D.费多罗夫14.王力先生指出，中国语里多用意合法，______。
A.因此连词用得较多B.因为主从结构用得较多C.联结成分并非必需D.联结成分十分需要15.汉语有很多四字成语，译成英语时，译文______。
A.一定要保持原文的形象B.一定要脱离原文的形象C.一定要符合原文的意思D.一定要在英语中找到对应的成语PART TWOⅡ.Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point for each)A. Directions: Put the following phrases into Chinese.16.a man of letters17.the gold rush18.national census19.sustainable development20.arid gully21.science fiction22.like a drowned rat23.applied entomology24.an insect-free worldmon groundB. Directions: Put the following phrases into English.26.手语27.《新民主主义论》28.北伐29.市政府30.跨国公司31.丝绸之路32.泰晤士河33.安理会34.大陆架35.祝酒词Ⅲ.Translation Improvement(20 points, 2 points for each)Directions: Each of the following translations has one or more inadequacies.Improve the given translations.A. Example:原文：He asked after you.译文：他在你之后发问。
改译：他问起你的情况。
36.原文：By 1820, it was standard to bring workers into a factory and have them overseen.译文：到1820年，标准方式已经是把工人雇到工厂里，使他们监督。