British Economy PPT
British Economy
chief agricultural products
• Wheat Barley • Oats
Sugar beets
BSE disease: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is a transmissible, neurodegenerative, fatal brain disease of cattle.
A Golden Age
Brown‘s economic policy
Blair‘s Third Way
Байду номын сангаас
Margaret
Downturn
Thatcher
1979-1991
1973-1981
The world‘s leading economy
By the 1880s, the British economy had achieved global dominance, producing one third of the world‘s manufactured goods, half its coal, iron, and cotton. The quantity of goods transported in Britain‘s shipping industry was greater than that of the rest of the world put together.
More details on page 45
The Group of Seven 七个经济大国
Britain
Germany Italy
the US
France Japan
Britain Economy(1)英国经济
For EU, the UK is a naughty boy. Will the nuaghty boy stay or leave? Let's wait and see.
英国与欧盟 为啥闹分手[高清版].ifox
1995年英国制造业占国内生产总值1/6，增长率为2.2%， 从业人员400万(1985年是500 万)，占总就业人口1/6。 建筑业占国民生产总值5%，就业人口180万，占总就业人 口7 %。主要工业有采矿、冶金、化工、机械、电子、电 子仪器、汽车、航空、食品、饮料、烟草、轻纺、造纸、 印刷、出版、建筑等。
在1820至1913年间，英国的人均收入增长比过去任何时 候都要快，大约为1700至1820年期间的3倍。 从19世纪早期起，不断加速的通常被喻为“工业革命” 的技术进步成为世界经济的主要特征，但“工业”这个 词很不恰当地将技术创新的影响狭隘地限于工业部门之 内。 从19世纪70年代起，英国出现了大量以海外投资为目的 的资本流出。约占它的储蓄的一半。从1870年至1913年， 世界人均GDP的年平均增长为1.3%，而在1820年至 1870年间为0.5%，在1700年至1820年为0.07%。
Stonehenge
对外贸易
主要出口品：
manufactured goods, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs,beverages and tobacco.Machinery, vehicles, etc.
main export partners:
Grmany, The United States, the Netherlands and France
主要进口商品： manufactured goods, machinery,fuels, etc.
Lecture 3
Lecture Five British Economy
ons for decline:
Exports of textiles have not competed well with those of other foreign producers who have managed to produce cheaper goods; There has been a rise in cheaper imports of textiles to Britain from foreign producers; Poor and outdated management decisions have caused problem; Substitutions of human-made fibres have been made for natural fibres; An improvement of output per worker has been achieved, due to mechanization.
I. Introduction
Characteristics of Britain’s Foreign Trade
Its foreign trade began to be balanced after oil and natural gas were discovered and exploited from the North Sea in 1970s. Margaret Thatcher’s privatization program and pragmatism (实用主义) helped to increase the competitiveness of British products in the world market.
Lesson 8 -Britain Economy英国经济
The UK EconomyThe primary industry: (take up only1.4% of the national wealth)Agriculture:With 2% of the labour force for 58% food need3/4 land for agriculture (1/4 for crops and 3/4 for grazing)FishingMiningCoal mining (provide 1/4 of the country’s energy)Oil, natural gas, nuclear energy (provide 3/4 of the country’s energy)One of the major export countries of oil and natural gasThree big companies in Britain (英国三大能源公司):Shell （壳牌公司）offshore equipmentBritish Petroleum （英国石油公司）British Gas （英国煤气天然气公司）The world’s largest mining companyRTZ (利奥锡锌公司，世界上最大的矿业公司)The secondary industry (take up only 22% of the national wealth)Pharmaceuticals (Glaxo-Wellcome, the biggest drug company in the world, 英国格兰素—威尔康公司)Chemicals (ICI, 帝国化学工业公司, the 2nd largest paint manufacturer in the world ) Aerospace:ranking the 3rd in the world, producing the full range of aerospace products from civil and military aircrafts to missiles and jet engines)Food and drink (Scotland wisky)Retail industry: “a nation of shop-keepers” (Tesco, Co-op, Safeway, Mark & Spencer) Electronics industry: the 4th largest in the worldA longest history of auto industry (1920s—1950s, the 2nd largest auto producer in the world)Rolls Royce,Aston-Hartin阿斯顿.马丁,Bentley,Mini,Jaguar美洲豹,Rover (bought by Germany BMW)LandRover陆虎targeting the Chinese marketauto components and parts,hig-tech engineering industry (racing car in Formula One)British Steel (the 4th largest steel company)The tertiary industry (take up only 65% of the national wealth)75% of the national workforce is employed in the third sectorBanking (provide both domestic and international financial and commercial services) In London:There are 800 banks, of which about 500 are foreign banks.58% of global trade takes place;1/5 international bank lending takes places;The London Stock Exchange: Capital trading,currency trading (gold currency and paper currency),foreign exchange,financial spot good/commodities or future goods,stock trading,security (government securities/bonds) trading. InsuranceTourismAdvertisingThe retail industryThree major economic stimuli:✓Domestic consumption:household expenditure, cars and transportation, and daily consumption (food, leisure goods and services, household goods and services)✓Export trading and foreign trade:overseas commodity trade alone accounts for about 1/6 of the country’s national income. Significant trading links connect Britain with all major parts of the world.✓Both domestic and foreign investment (governmental and private):Foreign Direct Investment (because of the low domestic capital storage in the developing countries, economic stimulus and employment opportunities)英国经济第一产业：（占用only1.4％的国民财富）农业：用2％的劳动力的58％的食品需要3 / 4的土地用于农业（1 /农作物和放牧的3 /4 4）钓鱼矿业煤炭开采（提供该国的能源1 / 4）石油，天然气，核能（提供该国的能源3 / 4）其中石油和天然气的主要出口国三名在英国大公司（英国三大能源公司）：壳牌（壳牌公司）离岸设备英国石油公司（英国石油公司）英国天然气（英国煤气天然气公司）世界最大的矿业公司RTZ（利奥锡锌公司，世界上最大的矿业公司）第二产业（占用只有22％的国民财富）制药（葛兰素- 威康，在世界上最大的制药公司，英国格兰素- 威尔康公司）化工（ICI，帝国化学工业公司，第二大涂料生产商在世界上）航空航天：排名世界第三，生产的全系列产品，从航天民用和军用飞机，导弹和喷气发动机）食品和饮料（苏格兰wisky）零售行业：（乐购，合作社，Safeway公司，马克与斯宾塞）“的店员的国家”电子行业：在世界第4大一个汽车行业历史最悠久（1920 - 50年代，在世界第二大汽车生产国）罗尔斯罗伊斯公司，阿斯顿- 哈廷阿斯顿。
《英语国家概况》Unit 6 British Economy课件
In the late 18th century Britain acquired vast, unpopulated territories in Canada, Australia and New Zealand, and in the early and middle of 19th century, it colonized large areas in Asia such as India and China. By 1900, Britain had built up a big empire “on which the sun never set”, which included 25% of the world’s population and area.
Britain is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945, but other countries developed more rapidly, so it slip from being the 2nd largest economy soon after the year 1945 to being the 6th.
produced 1/2 of the world’s coal, iron and cotton;
greater shipping amount than the sum of the rest of the world
2. Overtaken in 1900 by both the United States and Germany. 3. Decline since 1945 （1）It is relative decline
Encouraged by the large quantities of wealth brought by
Chapter 5 British Economy
• nationalize key industries (such as
coal, steel and transport)
laid the foundation for postwar British
social and economic development
Result: Britain’s economic growth fell behind
behind
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Policies (1979-1997)
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Chapter 4
Economy
英 语 国 家 概 况
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
CONTENT
I
Recent History of British Economy
II
Current British Economy
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Services industries
Services industries, especially, business and financial services—the strongest performing sector in the UK economy London—the strongest performing region in the UK
Chapter 3.British Economy英国经济
3.2 Agriculture
Britain‘s land surface is minimal最小的 compared to many other nations, but British agriculture is very intensive and highly productive. In recent decades output has risen steadily, and agricultural labor has become more productive, due to innovations in farm machinery, biological engineering of seeds and plants, and the increased use of fertilizers, pesticides杀虫剂, and herbicides除草剂. Consequently, imports of food, feed, and beverages饮料 dropped from 36 percent of total imports in 1955 to 11 percent in 1985, and to 10 percent by 1994. Compared to other nations in the European Union, Britain's agricultural sector is much smaller in terms of employment and contribution to the GDP 国内生产总值 (gross domestic product). In 1996 agriculture employed approximately 2 percent of the workforce and contributed 1.4 percent of the GDP.
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B. Microeconomic policies were aimed at working with the grain of market forces by encouraging enterprise, efficiency and flexibility.
1. Agriculture Highly mechanized (1) In Britain, only 3% of the population is farmers (2) they manage 70% of the land area. (3) Modern farmers use computers. They talk about technological farming.
2. The charariods
(2) Economic recession in the 70s
A. Background Towards the end of the 1960s the rate of inflation began to rise. B. Characteristics stagflation During this period, Britain maintained the lowest growth rate and the highest inflation rate. The rate of inflation: 9.1% in 1973 → 16.0% in 1974 → 22% in 1980 The growth rate: 1.4% between 1973 and 1979 C. Policy To combat high inflation, restrictive fiscal policies were adopted.
3.The Thatcher government take the measures to improve the nation’s economy
Thatcher’s government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy, using both macroeconomic and microeconomic policies. A. Macroeconomic measures were directed towards bringing down the rate of inflation and achieving price stability.
3. Manufacturing Industry
30% of manufactured goods are exported. Including: pharmaceuticals chemicals aerospace food and drink electronics industry automobile industry
2. The characteristics of each of the 3 periods
(3) Economic recovery in the 80s A. Background: Thatcher won the election In March 1979 the Conservative Party under the leadership of Thatcher won the election B. Characteristics: economic recovery a. An outstanding feature of the economic recovery in the 80s was its length. By 1988 the recovery had lasted 7 years. b. Another feature was the improved financial position of the government, with stronger current account of the balance of payments. c. An important factory in the recovery was the surge in labor productivity. C. Policy: Medium-term Financial Strategy a. The new government adopted an economic program known as Medium-term Financial Strategy. Privatization, deregulation and market liberalization replaced prices and incomes control and state interventionism
British Economy
Wang Yi
1. The 3 periods of British economic evolution
2. The characteristics of each of the 3 periods
(1) Steady development in the 50s and 60s
There are mainly 6 farming types in Britain. They are – (1) arable farming – (2) dairy farming – (3) stock farming – (4) mixed farming – (5) hill farming – (6) market gardening
A. Background The British economy suffered a great deal from the war, but it returned to its pre-war level by the end of 1947. B. Characteristics slow but steady growth, low unemployment and great material prosperity
2. Energy Production
Traditional Coal mining New oil industry—oil production peaked in the mid-1980s, when Britain became the world’s sixth largest producer.
4. Service Industry
Financial systems—London( the bank of England) Dealings in commodities and insurance industries
Lloyd’s Building
Tourism
• • • • •
5. Foreign Trade Banking Insurance Stock brokerage Consulting and computer programming