定语从句where,when,what,which用法
where,which,that,who,whose,what的用法.doc
where，which，that，who，whose，what的用法语法是小升初英语考试必考的内容，因此考生必须掌握好小升初英语语法知识点，为了帮助大家复习英语语法知识点，下面为大家带来小升初英语语法知识：where，which，that，who，whose，what的用法，希望大家认真记忆。
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
一.词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which that主语Whom which that宾语Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)例1：This is the detective who came from London.例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old.例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2.关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。
例如：(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
定语从句where,when,what,which用法
(4) 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。
It is the first foreign book that I have ever seen.
This is the most beautiful flower that I have seen.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
when引导的定语从句的用法
when/where/why引导的定语从句的用法when， where， why属于关系副词，都在其引导的定语从句中充当状语，其具体用法如下：1. 关系副词 when引导定语从句（包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句）修饰表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中充当时间状语。
例如： I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。
// Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。
2. 关系副词where引导定语从句（包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句）修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中充当地点状语。
例如： This is the office where he worked. 这就是他工作过的办公室。
// She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去定居，在那里她有几个密友。
3. 关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语。
例如： I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。
// That is the reason why I don’t want to go. 那就是我不想去的理由。
// He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。
注意：关系代词与关系副词之间并非毫无关联，两者之间存在密切的联系。
在备考中尤其要注意以下几点：1. 很多情况下关系副词用“介词＋which/whom”来代替，其中的介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定，例如：The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.= The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。
定语从句 where,when,what,which用法
二、关系代词that, which的用法
A.以下情况多用that.
(1)如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词( where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。
五、限制性和非限制性定语从句
1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
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定语从句知识讲解定语从句何时用that,何时用which,何时用where,when,what…
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定语从句何时用that,何时用which,何时用where,when,what…
定语从句与名词性从句的区别与联系
定语从句与名词性从句的区别与联系定语从句和名词性从句是英语语法中两个常见的从句类型。
它们在句法结构、用途和语义上存在一定的区别与联系。
本文将详细探讨定语从句与名词性从句的区别与联系，并给出一些例句来加以说明。
一、定语从句定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
它一般用来对前面的名词或代词进行限制或说明。
定语从句通常由关系代词（如that, which, who, whom等）或关系副词（如when, where, why等）引导，并且与先行词在性、数和格上要保持一致。
定语从句的作用是给予名词或代词更多的信息，帮助读者或听者更好地理解所描述的事物。
它可以出现在句首、句中或句末，具体位置取决于句子的结构和表达的需要。
下面是一些例句，说明定语从句的用法：1. The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
2. The girl who is standing over there is my sister.站在那边的那个女孩是我的妹妹。
3. This is the house where I was born.这是我出生的那个房子。
二、名词性从句名词性从句是充当名词的从句，可以在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语或介词宾语的功能。
名词性从句用来引导一个完整的句子，其结构相对独立，不依赖于其他成分。
名词性从句的引导词包括：that, whether, if, who, whom, whose, which, what, when, where, why等。
不同的引导词代表不同的语义关系和句法功能。
下面是一些例句，说明名词性从句的用法：1. What she said is true.她所说的是真实的。
2. I don't know whether/if he will come to the party.我不知道他是否会来参加派对。
定语从句中关系词的使用
定语从句中关系词的使用▼关系词：关系代词：who, whom, that, which, whose关系副词：where, when, why▼关系代词的使用：一、who/whom的用法二者都可指人，who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语→In this accident,the number of people who died reached as many as 25.在这次事故中死亡人数多达25人。
→I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards.我要寄给很多朋友贺卡。
注意：①在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词whom也可用who代替，非限制性定语从句中，whom不可用who代替；②但介词提前作宾语时不可以用who，只能用“介词+whom”。
例：→The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.二、whose的用法Whose一般指人，有时也指物，在定语从句中作定语→You’re the only one whose advice he might listen to.只有你的建议他可能会听。
（whose在定语从句中作advice的定语）→I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。
（whose在从句中作window的定语）三、which的用法Which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，偶尔也作定语。
Which在指人时往往指婴儿或指人的品质→The river which runs through the center of the city was polluted seriously.穿过市中心的那条河遭到了严重的污染。
（which在从句中作主语）→They stayed with me for three weeks during which time they drunk all the wine I had.他们和我一起待了三周，这期间他们喝光了我所有的酒。
what、where等用法
where，which，that，who，whose，what的用法用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
一.词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主语 Who which that 主语 Whom which that 宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) 例1：This is the detective who came from London. 例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 2.关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。
例如： (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
例如： There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。
英语定语从句的用法
英语定语从句的用法在英语中有很多种句式，今天让大家一起了解英语中定语从句的用法、接下来小编在这里给大家带来英语定语从句的用法，我们一起来看看吧!英语定语从句的用法定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as 和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住：1.what不能引导定语从句.2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。
一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析：The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster.(=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.)注：A. 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。
1.先行词为one、ones或anyone(1)The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.(2)Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.2.先行词为these时These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.3.在there be 开头的句子中There is a student who wants to see you.4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。
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定语从句知识讲解定语从句何时用that,何时用which,何时用where,when,what…定语从句何时用that,何时用which,何时用where,when,what…定语从句定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
副词有：when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和持一致。
）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：rosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
（which / that The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
(which / that在句中作宾语关系代词that, which的用法以下情况多用that.(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用w the people that are present burst into tears.Is there anything that I can do for you?如果先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the best等词修饰，关系代词常用that(指人时，可以用who),例如：is the very book that I want to find.is the best film that we have seen.as the only person in my office that/who was invited.当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much所修饰时；can take any seat that is free.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。
is the first foreign book that I have ever seen.is the most beautiful flower that I have seen.在there be句型中，常用that.e is a man that lives in that village.先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。
例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.以下情况用which.当关系词前面有介词时，指物常用which.prize for which he worked so hard was a new bike.built a telescope through which he could study the skies.非限制性定语从句指物时，多用which.oo is hollow, which makes it light.wrote an article, which tells us about the computer.如果先行词本身是that时，只用which.is that which he bought yesterday.(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。
在这种从句中，which可以作主语，表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
）when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？）that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住I don’t like the way (that/ in which) he was treated.This is the reason he was absent.判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。
）（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.（对）I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。
此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one：例1 D，例2 A变为肯定句：This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.变为肯定句：This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行词在从句中做状系副词( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
限制性和非限制性定语从句定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：is the house which we bought last month.我们上个月买的那幢房子。
（限制性）house, which we bought last month, is very nice.房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。
（非限制性）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：les Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.?史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。