刘洪波 雅思阅读真经 内部讲义 中

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新航道副校长刘洪波谈雅思技巧心得

新航道副校长刘洪波谈雅思技巧心得

新航道副校长刘洪波谈雅思技巧心得主持人:各位网友,下午好,今天走进无忧雅思嘉宾聊天室的是北京新航道学校副校长、雅思阅读首席主讲刘洪波老师。

我们今天谈论的主题是“真经之后做什么?”,欢迎广大网友踊跃参与,首先请刘老师和各位网友打个招呼。

刘洪波:大家好,我是刘洪波,首先非常报歉,最近新航道学校发展速度迅猛,从明年一月开始同学将在全国各大城市看到新航道。

我的管理工作比较繁忙,没有经常来无忧雅思和同学们论探考试的问题,深表歉意。

今天我们有机会交流。

[被屏蔽广告]主持人:刘老师的《雅思阅读真经》自面世以来已经多次再版,以其准确的定位和多次命中考试内容获得了各界高度的评价,取得了巨大的成功。

但是同时我们又面临另外一个问题,在雅思考试准备过程中,考生应该在哪个阶段使用您这本书,以及如何使用这本书呢?刘洪波:这本书在考前一个月左右开始使用比较合适。

里面的题是我模仿剑桥雅思出题的理路和难度编写的,和真题无关。

但是文章的选材内容是根据无忧雅思的机经和考生的详细回忆来挑选的。

真实考试中很可能碰到相关的背景材料,所以考前使用比较好,能留下较深的印象。

主持人:除了《真经》以外,您认为考生还应该看哪些书或者使用哪些资料呢?刘洪波:我认为当前市面上的雅思教材品种繁多,但是真正有价值的除了剑桥雅思系列就数胡敏雅思系列教材和真经系列了。

而其它许多培训机构的雅思教材里面同学们可以看到里面有剑桥一、二的真题重现,我非常郑重的说一句这是对学生极其不负责的做法,毫无学术可言。

请广大的雅思考生帮助监督检查。

网友:我考过雅思了,阅读5分,我现在学习了近4个月的英语(其他什么都不做),可是成效不大!!最近的几次自我模考,我的`阅读居然考到12个为什么呀?我平时大多徘徊在18个左右。

真经我一直都有再看的,分析其中的句型和查出不懂的单词。

我下一步该怎么做?怎样才能提高到6.5呀?!刘洪波:其实这不用气馁,我相信这是很多学习英语的同学都有过的经历。

刘洪波雅思阅读真经怎么样

刘洪波雅思阅读真经怎么样

刘洪波雅思阅读真经怎么样很多人在备考雅思的时候,都会被各种人推荐去做刘洪波的《雅思阅读真经》这本书,那么这本书适合哪些程度的学生,它是否对提高雅思阅读有用呢?下面我们一起去了解一下刘洪波雅思阅读真经有用吗首先,这本书有一些优点很明显,内容布局上按照题型来划分,每篇文章都以文章+题目+高频词汇+同义词的形式,让考生迅速对每一种题型都熟悉起来,并且有助于短时内大量积累同义词替换,而同义词正是雅思阅读技巧的核心。

对于那些英语基础不好,对雅思阅读完全没有了解,又不喜欢背单词的同学来说,这本书无疑是雅思阅读入门书籍的不二之选。

即使这样,我还是要跟那些目标分数不高的考生说一下,在使用这本书进行练习的时候,有些问题还需要注意。

首先,它虽然每篇文章都给出了高频词汇,然而仔细看一下,单词列表里并不全都是高频词汇,还有很多非常生僻的生词,如并不常见的化学专有名词,或动植物名字等,会让背诵单词的过程变得痛苦,而且没有必要,所以建议大家划掉那些生僻的单词,只背高频词汇即可。

此外,并不建议那些已经考过雅思,尤其是阅读在6.5以上的同学继续使用了,原因很简单,如果你看过这本书的话,一定会发现,它的难度和雅思真题根本不是一个数量级的。

正常一套雅思真题是40道题,平均每篇40道题,想要考高分的同学每天至少做三篇阅读作为练习。

而这本书的话,三篇阅读是远远不够的,而且由于难易程度有所不同,完成阅读真经5的一篇文章的时间要比雅思真题要快得多,所以它也不适合用来提高阅读速度。

总之,刘洪波老师的《雅思阅读真经5》可以作为真题之前的过渡来提高词汇量和自信心,但是指望刷高分的话,恐怕不太现实。

最好的办法还是老老实实去做真题。

综上所述,这是大家入门雅思阅读很好的一本书,但是仅仅想要靠刘洪波雅思阅读真经去获得一个好成绩,那么里面的题量是远远不够的,大家还需要去刷更多的真题。

雅思阅读真经总纲刘洪波编著内容笔记阅读分为四种题型1、单词题(最简单:summary,流程图,填空,填句)2、句子题T/F和选择(中等难度:判断题和选择题)3、段落题Heading题(最难的,归纳中心思想)4、匹配题Matching题(有诀窍,并不难)前两种直拳,第3种还我漂亮拳,第4种面目全非掌无标题的文章很可能出标题题:末段+大意(把题干读一遍)!!雅思文章首段不是最重要段落,末段和第二段才是最重要的防盗版内容:Before群里去背单词During 助教讲部分内容After 模考如何提升阅读速度1扩大视距:把单词变为意群,不要默读2跳读和变速:重点读认识的单词,读得懂的读慢,读不懂的读快题干3类词汇如果任意打开一篇题干13道题不认识的有3个及以上,阅读词汇需补充三大类:主题词不认识没关系模板词如account /reference/ mention在阅读题干中就是“描述”之义,毫无意义,不需要去特别记(拿任何一本剑桥,把题干中所有不认识的词记下来)考点词如resemble考点词真经很重要,要背3类关键词Keywords问题:正确读题方法一定要慢且2遍找到Keyword 解题,不用再读题干三大类:眼球级朴素级普通动词、名词、形容词逻辑关系词并列(重大考点)、转折、因果总纲标注法:(做真题时做这个工作)画出题干和原文所有对应之处(同义替换)要用此法做真题练习精细理解力句子题段落题匹配题为什么不要精读?而要快速阅读和对比阅读首先就要背考点词,才能敏感地找到同义替换按总纲标注法做文章填空题考察的不是空格而是空格前后的同义替换如果找不到替换,关键词的本行和上下行,找不认识的词。

雅思阅读考点词汇 刘洪波 解析汇报+同义替换

雅思阅读考点词汇 刘洪波 解析汇报+同义替换

雅思阅读考点词汇X洪波解析+同义替换考点核心词abandon abstract accelerate * access *Acknowledge=Admit=recognize express gratitude for;=notice=accept as legally binding and valid=accept (sb) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority-----The crown prince was ackownledged as the heir TO the throne *adapt to * addictive adjust *admit adversity=hardship misfortune affliction /hard knocks /Disaster tragedy grief evil= a stroke of ill fortune; a calamitous events-adverse=harmful inauspicious untoward contrary counteraggression=hostility violence invasion infringement-hostile=unfriendlyagreeableAidAllergic=Hypersensitive hypersensitizedhypersensitised Sensitized sensitisedsupersensitizedalter * alternativealtitude analyse * ancient * applicationapply to * appreciate * approach * approvearray=series of/ranging=clothes/thread/garmentan array of troops/books/emotions/fruit and vegetables artificial *Assess对人judgment对物calculate estimate=evaluate valuate value measure=tax* assign-assignment=任命职务,任务sb to a post=delegate designate depute *assign a task to children=give out/allot sthassociation attitude authority avoid *bacteria based on * be consistent with be liable tobe subject to bear beneficial * blightboundary budget burden calamitycalculate capacity catastrophic catercertify characteristic chronic=long-lasting suffering* civic cognitive coin ment munal反义individual词根mune公社munitymunalismmunalistmute=transpose=travel back and forth=exchange convert pare pensate plicateply with ponent prehend concealconcentrate concur confer confidentialconfuse conscious * conservative considerable constrain consult contemporary contingent controversial convention * co-operation co-ordinate correlation courtship crash credibilitycrisis criteria * criticism cuecurriculum * damp dazzle deadlinedeficiency delay delivery * demanding *democratic demographic dental depend on *depression derive * designate detaindetect * determine * devastate differdiminish disaster disclose disparate-disparitydisplay disrupt distinguish * distractdistribute diversity * documentation domaindomestic * donate dramatic droughtdue to * dynamics ecosystem elaborateelderly eliminate elusive emphasize *encyclopaedia endanger enormous * entrepreneurshipequal equator erode-perish腐蚀侵蚀* escapeestablished estate ethical伦理上的evenlyeventually evidence evolve exaggerate *Exceptional例外的异常的异议exchange * exclusive * exhaustedexperiment expert * expertise explicitExploit功勋;开发开采剥夺extend-extension extinct 灭绝的* extractextreme faculty famine feasiblefeature fertilise* financial * finitefitness focus on * foe敌人危害物formatfragile * freeze fulfill fund *fundamental * gene geo‘graphic giftedgrant graphic guarantee * habitathalt harbor hardship harmonise使和谐harsh hazard 危险冒险;冒...的危险hinder阻碍identify * ignore * imitate * immediate立即的直接的immunity免疫力豁免权,免除*impact impaired损害impressive in accordance with inaccurate inactive inappropriate incentive动机刺激;刺激的Induce引诱引起* indulge inevitable * infest骚扰感染扰乱inherit 继承;成为继承人* initial * initiate innate 先天的固有的与生俱来的installment integrate intelligence intenseinteraction interference干扰干预妨碍interior内部的interruptinvolve isolate * keen敏锐敏捷渴望热爱labellack landscape latitude纬度界限活动X围legal Legitimate合法的正当的合理的;使合法=legitimize legislate用立法规定,立法,制定法律legislation立法,法律* likelihood可能性limb分支枝干肢臂limitation *linguistic link log look-in迅速一瞥,顺便看望Lopsided=imbalanced倾向一方的不平衡的loss * magnetic=geomagnetic地磁的有磁性的,有吸引力的=charismatic,attractive* mainlyMalfunction=misfunction发生故障不起作用;故障失灵,疾病mammal manage to do manifestmanufacture 制造,制造业Marine船舶的海产的航海的,海运业,舰队水兵海军massive * matemeasure * mechanism机制原理途径,机械装置mental mercury水银,水星,温度表,精神元气Meteorological流星migrate military * minimise *modify * moisture水分湿度潮湿降雨量monitor moral Mortal凡人的终有一死的-immortal不朽的不死的motif主题动机主旨mould模具,浇筑用泥土覆盖,发霉nativeNocturnal夜间发生的-nocturne夜景夜曲夜景画Norm标准standard规Xnormal惯例pattern notoriety-notoriousnourishmentnutrient obey objective obligationobtain oddodour气味smell aroma scent声誉prestige offensiveofficial opportunity optimum最适宜的optimal option * ordinary organ original * other thanout of the question overe overtake paralyse使麻痹无力瘫痪Paramount最重要至高无上的=overriding推翻践踏不顾predominant predominate preponderant preponderating占据优势胜过压倒,最高统治者participate particular patient pattern peakperceive *peripheral外围的次要的神经末梢的,外部设备permit persuade pessimistic phasephysical plagiarise剽窃抄袭Plague瘟疫epidemic disease,pest灾难捣乱annoyance折磨使苦恼=harass hassle harry chivy使灾祸=blight破坏使枯萎plenty ofplot portable pose potential *poverty praise predict prefer to *Preferential优先的pressing primary * principalprinciple * priority private profit *Prohibit=forbid interdict proscribe disallowStem block dispute bar banprolong promote promptproperty * proportion * prosper provision规定条款,供给品=supply*purify qualify quantity *radical激进的extremist revolutionary根本的fundamental ultimate彻底的plete thorough ,根底stem root base原子团range rapid * rare raterather than * react realise * recognizeRecreation=entertainment amusement pleasure reduction refer to regulaterehearsal reject relevant reliancereligious reluctant=unwilling to-reluct对抗不同意rely on * remain *reproduce resemble * resistance responsiblerestrict * result from * retain *Revision=alternation=revise rescriptreviveRudimentary=fundamental underlying-rudiment ruin scenicsecrete * separate * setting settle *shade shift * signal similar *skepticism soarSolicitvt. 征求;招揽;请求;乞求begvi. 征求;招揽;恳求;请求sophisticate *specific * stable standard steerstem fromstride n. 大步;步幅;进展vt. 跨过;大踏步走过;跨坐在…vi. 跨;跨过;大步行走Make big stridessubdivide vi. 细分,再分vt. 把……再分,把……细分substancesubstitute * subtle sufficiency superiorsupersedeadj. 作废的;被取代的supplement suppressvt. 抑制refrain control subdue;镇压;oppress crush conquer废止inhibitSupremacy=dominationsurrounding * surveillance=observation supervision monitoring oversightsurvive * suspicious=mistrustful untrustingSustenance-sustain support survival foodswift =fast* symbol symptomSyntheticadj. 综合的~substance;合成的,人造的n. 合成物tension term thanks to *therapy threatthroughout=from first to lastTolln. 通行费;代价;钟声;伤亡人数vt. 征收;敲钟vi. 鸣钟;征税Toxic=poisnousTracevi. 追溯;沿路走vt. 追踪,查探;描绘;回溯n. 痕迹,踪迹;微量;[仪] 迹线;缰绳trackwordn. 轨道;足迹,踪迹;小道vt. 追踪;通过;循路而行;用纤拉vi. 追踪;走;留下足迹trait n. 特性,特点;品质;少许*Transcend=exceed surpass例句we have mon interests which transcend those differences. tremendoustriggervt. 引发,引起;触发tropicalUnbiased=just justical fairunderlie sth = base on sthunexpectedly * uniformunusual valuable vanish /fade awayVariation=change fluctuationvariety * versatile violent visiblevisual waste well-being witness.guixue.11 / 11。

刘洪波阅读考点词539

刘洪波阅读考点词539

剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经(剑 10 版) 致谢剑桥雅思阅读考点词首先感谢贵学教育阅读教师郭佳荣老师。

应我邀请他为《剑桥雅思 10》做出了 全部“真题考点词替换清单”和核心词挑选,收录在本书中。

郭佳荣老师的经历本身 有点传奇。

他是一名羽毛球教练,原来雅思阅读考试 5.0 分,使用阅读真经体系后阅 读迅速考到了 8.5。

然后他选择来贵学上课提高其它三项。

他在课余时间热心主动帮 助同学讲解阅读,以身说法传授真经。

后来累积经验一步步从贵学助教、辅导老师、 教师,最后成为贵学一线名师。

前言——写于 2015 年2012 年,贵学教育成立。

作为她诞生之礼,我以她之名出版了《剑桥雅思听力 考点词真经》和《剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经》,并同步公开了“雅思听力阅读考点词 理论”的部分研究论文。

当时,新浪教育、网易教育、搜狐教育和网易教育同步转载 了相关论文,引发了热议。

本书包含的《剑桥雅思 5》、《剑桥雅思 6》的“真题考点词替换清单”是由李 热议的意思就是有褒有贬。

批评者认为我蔑视了几十年传统英语考试培训累积的 各种技巧,一味强调同意替换;赞扬者则认为我开创了一个崭新的领域,教学理念领 先整个行业很多年。

悦老师应我邀请完成。

本书包含的《剑桥雅思 4》、《剑桥雅思 7》、《剑桥雅思 8》、《剑桥雅思 9》 的“真题考点词替换清单”是由我亲自解析完成。

当然,我的学生们都自称“贵粉儿”、“脑残粉”、“真经死忠粉”,他们第一 时间投入无比的热情开始研究听力阅读中的同意替换,开始背诵我提出的“考点词库”。

我对他们的“盲目崇拜”感动得更加努力工作。

在本书的编写过程中,赵小锐、刘畅、谭乐、刘娟、付晓楠、田杨、冯涛、成岩、 程玲、 李慧芳、刘素良、焦磊、柏立明、焦鸿增、曹爱丽、张靖娴、袁伟、李海静、 刘伟、杨志、贾玉梅、 李悦也参与了资料收集及部分编写工作,在此一并感谢。

无论外界纷扰,我心宁静依旧。

因为历史为证,《剑桥雅思听力考点词真经》和《剑 桥雅思阅读考点词真经》是中国英语培训史上讲解同意替换的第一批出版专著。

刘洪波:《IELTS雅思阅读真经1,2,3解析》

刘洪波:《IELTS雅思阅读真经1,2,3解析》

刘洪波:《IELTS雅思阅读真经1,2,3解析》
下面是小编为大家整理带来的《IELTS雅思阅读真经1-2-3解析》,《IELTS雅思阅读真经1-2-3解析》是针对《IELTS雅思阅读真经》系列中前两册,全面详细的解析。

资料简介:
《IELTS雅思阅读真经1-2-3解析》是针对《IELTS雅思阅读真经》系列中前两册,全面详细的解析。

除了有《IELTS雅思阅读真经1&2》及《IELTS雅思阅读真经3》中所有练习题目的答案和解析,定位出解题过程中的关键词,还在讲解中结合具体题目,总结出该类题型的解题方法和思路,帮助考生们在考场上举一反三。

并且本书中还含有对阅读文章的翻译,可以帮助考生理解原文,更好地解题。

主编刘洪波,知名英语教育专家,被媒体誉为“中国雅思教父”,北京雅思学校校长。

使用方法:
本书应该配合《IELTS雅思阅读真经1&2》及《IELTS雅思阅读真经3》使用。

在使用过程中,考生可自行先做题,然后针对自己的错误和不解之处来翻阅解析,先培养自己独立解题的能力,再利用解析有目的地提高自己的解题能力。

针对自己做对的题目,也可以结合“答案解析”,比较分析自己的解题思路,全面提高阅读能力。

推荐星数:★★★
考生使用心得:
1. 解释非常详细,但是有的地方跟我自己的思路不大一样。

至于译文,看看就好。

总的来说,还是不错的。

2. 因为买了前两本书,确实需要解析,不过译文就还是不看了。

刘洪波 雅思阅读真经 内部讲义 上

刘洪波 雅思阅读真经 内部讲义  上

Cambridge IELTS 9TEST 1READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.William Henry Perkin1 William Henry Perkin was born on March12, 1838, in London, England. As a boy, Perkin’s curiosity prompted early interests in the arts, sciences, photography, and engineering. But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfather’s home that solidified the young man’s enthusiasm for chemistry.2As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. Thos speeches fired the young chemist’s enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.3At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted German chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann’s attention and, within two years, he became Hofmann’s youngest assistant. Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune.4At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply. Thus, When Hofmann made some passing comments about the desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it was unsurprising that his star pupil was moved to take up the challenge.5During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on the attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste product. Despite his best efforts, however, he did not end up with quinine. Instead, he produced a mysterious dark sludge. Luckily, Perkin’s scientific training and nature prompted him to investigate the substance further. Incorporating potassium dichromate and alcohol into the aniline at various stages of the experimental process, he finally produced a deep purple solution. And, proving the truth of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur’s words ‘chance favours only the prepared mind’, Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected find.6Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal excretions. Some of these, such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to obtain and outrageously expensive. Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once so costly that in society at the time only the rich could afford it. Further, natural dyes tended to be muddy in hue and fade quickly. It was against this backdrop that Perkin’s discovery was made.7Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour fabric, thus making it the world’s first synthetic dye. Realising the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time in patenting it. But perhaps the most fascination of all Perkin’s reactions to his find was his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities.8Perkin originally named his bye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve (from the French for the plant used to make the colour violet). He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye would be well worth it if the colour remained fast (i.e. Would not fade) and the cost was relatively low. So, over the fierce objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college to give birth to the modern chemical industry.9 With the help of his father and brother, Perkin set up a factory not far from London. Utilising the cheap and plentiful coal tar that was an almost unlimited byproduct of London’s gas street lighting, the dye works began producing the world’s first synthetically dyed material in 1857. The company received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided the new colour flattered her. Very soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable, ladies in that country. Not to be outdone, England’s Queen Victoria also appeared in public wearing a mauve gown, thus making it all the rage in England as well. The dye was bold and fast, and the public clamoured for more. Perkin went back to the drawing board.10Although Perkin’s fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the chemist continued his research. Among other dyes he developed and introduced were aniline rd (1859) and aniline black (1863) and, in the late 1860s, Perkin’s green. It is important to note that Perkin’s synthetic dye discoveries had outcomes far beyond the merely decorative. The dyes also became vital to medical research in many ways. For instance, they were used to stain previously invisible microbes and bacteria, allowing researchers to identify such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. Artificial dyes continue to play a crucial role today. And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria.Questions 1-7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationF ALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1 Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin’s ability as a student of chemistry.2 Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.3 Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.4 Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous.5 The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.6 Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product.7 Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur. Questions 8-13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.8 Before Perkin’s discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?9 What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new bye had?10 What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?11 What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own bye works?12 In what country did Perkin’s newly invented colour first become fashionable?13 According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes?。

雅思教父刘洪波作品《雅思阅读真经3》命中8月5日考试

雅思教父刘洪波作品《雅思阅读真经3》命中8月5日考试

雅思教父刘洪波作品《雅思阅读真经3》命中8月5日考试雅思教父刘洪波于2007年编著的《雅思阅读真经3》中第20页收录文章:吉尔伯特和磁场。

2010年8月5日中国区雅思考试阅读第一篇正好考到!《雅思阅读真经》是刘洪波老师的经典著作,于2004年开始出版第一本,至今已随题库升级出版到了《雅思阅读真经4》。

当前市面上已出现山寨版的《雅思阅读真经》,请广大雅思考生购书时仔细分辨,认清作者。

READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1 –13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.William Gilbert and MagnetismThe accredited father of the science of electricity and magnetism was the English scientist, William Gilbert, who was a physician and man of learning at the court of Elizabeth. Prior to him, all that was known of electricity and magnetism was what the ancients knew, that the lodestone possessed magnetic properties and that amber and jet, when rubbed, would attract bits of paper or other substances of small specific gravity. William Gilbert's great treatise De magnete, magneticisique corporibus"or "On the Magnet", printed in Latin in 1600, containing the fruits of his researches and experiments for many years, indeed provided the basis for a new science.William Gilbert was born in Colchester, Suffolk, on May 24, 1544. He studied medicine at St. John's College, Cambridge, graduating in 1573. He was prominent in the College of Physicians and became its president in 1599. The following year he was appointed physician to Queen Elizabeth I, and a few months before his death on Dec. 10, 1603, physician to James I.The ancient Greeks knew about lodestones, strange minerals with the power to attract iron. Some were found near the city of Magnesia in Asia Minor (now Turkey), and that city lent its name to all things magnetic. The early Chinese also knew about lodestones and about iron magnetized by them. Around the year 1000 they discovered that when a lodestone or an iron magnet was placedon a float in a bowl of water, it always pointed south. From this developed the magnetic compass, which quickly spread to the Arabs and from them to Europe.Britain was a major seafaring nation in 1588 when the Spanish Armada was defeated, opening the way to British settlement of America. British ships depended on the magnetic compass, yet no one understood why it worked. Did the pole star attract it, as Columbus once speculated; or was there a magnetic mountain at the pole, as described in Odyssey, which ships should never approach, because the sailors thought its pull would yank out all their iron nails and fittings? Did the smell of garlic interfere with the action of the compass, which is why helmsmen were forbidden to eat it near a ship's compass? For nearly 20 years William Gilbert conducted ingenious experiments to understand magnetism."William Gilbert was fascinated by magnets,” as Dr. David P. Stern of NASA notes. Given two magnets, Gilbert knew that magnetic poles can attract or repel, depending on polarity. In addition, however, ordinary iron is always attracted to a magnet. Gilbert guessed, correctly, that near a permanent magnet iron became a temporary magnet, of a polarity suitable for attraction. That is, the end of an iron bar stuck to an S pole of a magnet (south-seeking pole) temporarily becomes an N-pole. Because magnetic poles always come in matched pairs, the other end of the bar temporarily becomes an S-pole, and can in its turn attract more iron. Gilbert confirmed his guessof temporary ("induced") magnetism by an original experiment. Usingstrings, he hung two parallel iron bars above the pole of a terrella, a modelearth he designed for this experiment, and noted that they repelled each other.Under the influence of the terrella, each became a temporary magnet withthe same polarities, and the temporary poles of each bar repelled those of theother one.In 1600 Gilbert published De magnete in Latin. Very quickly itbecame the standard work throughout Europe on electrical and magnetic phenomena. In this work he describes many of his experiments with his model earth terrella. From his experiments, he concluded that the Earth was itself magnetic and that this was thereason compasses pointed north. In his book, he also studied static electricity using amber. Gilbert strongly argued that electricity and magnetism was not the same thing. For evidence, he (incorrectly) pointed out that electrical attraction disappeared with heat, magnetic attraction did not. By keeping clarity, Gilbert's strong distinction advanced science for nearly 250 years. It took James Clerk Maxwell to show electromagnetism is, in fact, two sides of the same coin.De Magnete is not only a comprehensive review of what was known about the nature of magnetism, Gilbert added much knowledge through his own experiments. He likened the polarity of the magnet to the polarity of the Earth and built an entire magnetic philosophy on this analogy. In Gilbert's animistic explanation, magnetism was the soul of the Earth and a perfectly spherical lodestone, when aligned with the Earth's poles, would spin on its axis, just as the Earth spins on its axis in 24 hours. He speculated that the moon might also be a magnet caused to orbit by its magnetic attraction to the Earth. This was perhaps the first proposal that a force might cause a heavenly orbit.Gilbert did not, however, express an opinion as to whether this rotating Earth was at the center of the universe or in orbit around the Sun. In traditional cosmology the Earth was fixed and it was the sphere of the fixed stars, carrying the other heavens with it, which rotated in 24 hours. Since the Copernican cosmology needed a new physics to under gird it, Copernicans such as Johannes Kepler and Galileo were very interested in Gilbert's magnetic researches. Galileo's efforts to make a truly powerful armed lodestone for his patrons probably date from his reading of Gilbert's book.The first major scientific work produced in England, Gilbert’s De magnete reflected a new attitude toward scientific investigation. Until then, scientific experiments were not in fashion: instead, books relied on quotes of ancient authorities and that is where the myth about garlic interfering with the compass started. Unlike most medieval thinkers, Gilbert was willing to rely on sense experience and his own observationsand experiments rather than the authoritative opinion or deductive philosophy of others. In the treatise he not only collected and reviewed critically older knowledge on the behavior of the magnet and electrified bodies but described his own researches, which he had been conducting for 17 years. It was because of this scientific attitude, together with his contribution to our knowledge of magnetism, that a unit of magneto motive force, also known as magnetic potential, was named the Gilbert in his honor.Questions 1 - 8Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1 – 8 on your answer sheet write.TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN if the statement is trueif the statement is falseif the information is not given in the passage1.It was Gilbert who first discovered some substances with magnetic properties.2.Arabs invented the magnetic compass in which an iron magnet always pointedsouth.3.Gilbert explained the phenomenon of the magnetic compass in his book De magnete.4.Gilbert’s mistaken notion about the distinction between electricity and magnetism held backthe development of science.5.Gilbert speculated that the moon orbited the Earth by magnetic force.6.Copernicans such as Galileo favored traditional cosmology which held that the earthwas the center of the universe.7.Gilbert's magnetic theories contradicted the traditional cosmology.8.As a scientist, Gilbert set himself apart by favoring an intuitive approach andexperiments rather than the deductive reason.Questions 9-13Choose the appropriate letters A –D and write them in boxes 9-13on your answer sheet.9. In Odyssey, why could not ships approach the mountain at the pole?A.People believed that they would get lost if garlic hampered the action of the compass.B.People believed that the pole star would distract ships away.C.People believed that the magnetism would wreck the ship.D.People believed that the magnetic mountain would make the compass out ofwork.10. By contacting two metal bars, one magnetized, the other neutral, he was able to pass on a charge to the neutral bar. He called this___________A.induced magnetism.B.permanent magnetism.C.terrella magnetism.D.polar magnetism.11. In De magnete, Gilbert ___________ discussed electricity, magnetism and heat.A.emphaticallyB.scientificallyC.wronglyD.passionately12. James Clerk Maxwell demonstrated that ____________A. electricity and magnetism was the same thing.B. electrical and magnetic attraction disappeared with heat.C. there was some relationship between electricity and magnetism.D. electromagnetism has two opposite sides.13. Gilbert’s De magnete, a collection of his theories and experiments and reflections on others’ work is commonly known as _____________A. an essay.B. a treatise.C. a volume.D. a contribution.。

刘洪波-雅思阅读真经(YY)

刘洪波-雅思阅读真经(YY)

III. How to understand more “天下间的所有阅读考题只有一种命题方式,无论雅思托福、 四六级考研、GRE、GMAT。”
III. How to understand more
《剑桥雅思7》第25页第21题。 文章标题:Make every drop count 题型:TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN
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V. Hot Topics 12/01/12 雪崩 Avalanche 12/09/06 吉尔伯特 和磁场 Magnetism
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12/02/04 奥运火炬 Olympic Torch
12/03/08 飓风 Hurricane
题目:Feeding increasing populations is possible due primarily to improved irrigation system.
原文:Food production has kept pace with soaring populations mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation systems that make possible the growth of 40% of the world’s food.
各种跟风
直接抄袭
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II. How to read faster 1. 物理疗法 NO SOUND
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【雅思真经派读写互通理论】长难句理解经典句型背诵剑81.1 The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was neither the descending weight that provided its motive force nor the gear wheels (which had been around for at least 1,300 years) that transferred the power; it was the part called the escapement.1.3 Some researchers say the results constitute compelling evidence that telepathy is genuine. Other parapsychologists believe that the field is on the brink of collapse, having tried to produce definitive scientific proof and failed. Sceptics and advocates alike do concur on one issue, however, that the most impressive evidence so far has come from the so-called ‘ganzfeld’ e xperiments, a German term that means ‘whole field’.2.2 The Little Ice Age was far from a deep freeze, however; rather an irregular seesaw of rapid climatic shifts, few lasting more than a quarter-century, driven by complex and still little understood interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean.2.3 While it is true that the olfactory powers of humans are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals, they are still remarkably acute.3.3 It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reserves should tend to extend life.3.1 Discussion now centres on whether the route through the maze is communicated as a'left-right' sequence of turns or as a 'compass bearing and distance' message.3.3 Forests are one of the main elements of our natural heritage. The decline of Europe's forests over the last decade and a half has led to an increasing awareness and understanding of the serious imbalances which threaten them.4.2 The MSC has established a set of criteria by which commercial fisheries can be judged.4.3 It was found that children from the noisy schools had higher blood pressure and were more easily distracted than those who attended the quiet schools. Moreover, there was no evidence of adaptability to the noise. In fact, the longer the children had attended the noisy schools, the more distractible they became.剑61.2 Theoretically, in the world of trade, shipping costs do not matter. Goods, once they have beenmade, are assumed to move instantly and at no cost from place to place. The real world, however, is full of frictions.1.3 Some scientists doubt the value of traditional knowledge because the occupation of the Arctic doesn't go back far enough. Others, however, point out that the first weather stations in the far north date back just 50 years.2.1 It is common for supporters of road networks to reject the models of cities with good public transport by arguing that such systems would not work in their particular city.2.3 Perhaps the most fundamental step in developing a sense of number is not the ability to count, but rather to see that a number is really an abstract idea instead of a simple attachment to a group of particular objects.3.1 But it is worth trying, for to understand the initial shock of those images is to understand the extraordinary power and magic of cinema, the unique, hypnotic quality3.3 The monkey projects demonstrate that, compared with control animals that eat normally, caloric-restricted monkeys have lower body temperatures and levels of the pancreatic hormone insulin, and they retain more youthful levels of certain hormones that tend to fall with age.4.3 The more effort put in and the wider the whole school involvement, the more substantial the results are likely to be.剑51.3 (媒体负面)People are clearly more curious about bad news than good. Newspapers andbroadcasters are there to provide what the public wants. That, however, can lead to significant distortions of perception.2.1 The impetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by a number of factors - immense technological progress in the domain of chemistry, coupled with wider cultural changes, and the pragmatic need to find acceptable substitutes for dwindling supplies of 'luxury' materials such as tortoiseshell and ivory.2.3 There were several reasons why original science continued to be written in Latin. The first was simply a matter of audience.A third reason why the writing of original science in English was delayed may have been to do with the linguistic inadequacy of English in the early modern period.3.2 According to Siegel, international environmental organisations are beginning to pay closer attention to the region, partly because of the problems of erosion and pollution of the Nile delta, but principally because they fear the impact this situation could have on the whole Mediterraneancoastal ecosystem. But there are no easy solutions.4.1 (开发旅游业)The market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countriesall across the world are actively promoting their 'wilderness' regions - such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetlands — to high-spending tourists.剑42.1 (语言习得)What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers, but howold they are.Language is also intimately bound up with culture, so it may be difficult to preserve one without the other.2.2 Part of the incentive was financial, Dr Laver said. The bottom line is that most general practitioners are business people. If they see potential clientele going elsewhere, they might want to be able to offer a similar service.'3.1 Many children may choose entrepreneurship because it allows them a degree of independence, is less exploitative than many forms of paid-employment, and is flexible enough to allow them to participate in other activities such as education and domestic task.4.1 No one theory can explain improvements in performance, but the most important factor has been genetics.Identifying genetically talented individuals is only the first step.4.3 The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way, is not a new one.。

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