完整word版,高中英语句子成分句子种类(配练习题)
高中英语语法句子成分分析 word版

一、句子成分英语句子成分分析和句子结构分析(语法高手必备)英语句子成分分析(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分(一般共九中成分);主要成分有主语和谓语; 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。
(二)主语: 主语 (Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
(但在 there b e 结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中, 主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
)主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、和主语从句等表示。
例如:(请画出主语) Three plus two is five. It is a great pleasure to swim in the river Smoking does harm to the health. There are many students in my class. Are you a student? Here comes the bus.He can do it and so can I. Who will attend the meeting has not been decided. (主语从句) (三)谓语谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语 之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning. The plane took o ff at ten o ’clock. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may k eep the book for two weeks. He has c aught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:We are s tudents.谓语 体现时态和语态•时态(与非谓语比较)语态现在时: 一般现在时: 现在进行时: 现在完成时: Is /am/are+---或does/doIs/am/are+doing Has/have +done Has/have+been+doingIs/am/are+ I s /a m /a r e +b e i n g+Has/have+been+现在完成进行时:过去时:一般过去时: Was/were+---或did 过去进行时: Was/were+doing过去完成时:Had+done过去将来时:Would/should+doWas/were+Was/were+being+ Had+been+ Would/should+be+ done将来时:一般将来时:Shall/will+do Shall/will+be +将来进行时:Sh a ll/will+b e+doing 将来完成时: S h a ll/will+h ave+don e -----------------------Shall/will+have+been+非谓语动 to doto have done to be doing to be donedoinghaving done donebeing donehaving been done1. She found the door closed.2. Having been told many times, he made the same mistake.3. Given more time, we could do it much better.4. Walking on the street, he came across his former teacher.5. The meeting being held is very important.6. A big fire broke out in a shop, causing 100 deaths. (四)表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词(如 be, b ecome, g et, l ook, g row, turn, s eem 等)之后。
(完整word版)英语句子基本结构成分类型

英语句子基本结构英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。
这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。
换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。
这五个基本句式如下:S十V主谓结构S十V十F主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下:1.S十V句式在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。
例如:He runs quickly.他跑得快。
They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。
He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨冻受饿。
China belongs to the third world country.中国属于第三世界国家。
The gas has given out.煤气用完了。
My ink has run out.我的钢笔水用完了。
2.S十V十P句式在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。
例如:He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。
The desk feels hard.书桌摸起来很硬。
The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc.花闻起来香甜。
You have grown taller than before.你长得比以前高了。
(完整word版)英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习一、句子的基本结构(5种)1、主语+谓语(s+v)2、主语+系动词+表语(s+l+p)3、主语+谓语+宾语(s+v+o)4、主语+谓语+间接宾语(指人)+直接宾语(指物)(s+v+io+do)5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(s+v+o+c)二、句子成分:(主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语)1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east ()He likes dancing. ()Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. ()To see is to believe.()What he needs is a book.()It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.()(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B.longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
(完整word版)英语句子类型讲解及练习

英语句子类型一、分类1)按照句式结构分为三种:简单句、并列句、复合句2)按照句子功能分为四类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句第一节简单句一、定义:简单句只包含一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成的句子,且句子的各个成分都是由单词或短语来组成的。
二、分类:类型1:S + V。
该句型中谓语动词为不及物动词,后面不可接宾语,但可接状语或其他成分例:Nobody went out.The children are playing。
We study hard.类型2:S + V + O.该句型中的谓语为及物动词,后面必须接宾语,且只能接一个宾语。
例:We love our country。
The old woman looks after the baby carefully.He dreamed a terrible dream last night。
类型3:S + V + O(人) + O(物)该句型中的动词为双宾语动词,后面必须接两个宾语。
该类动词主要有:give, show, send, pass, lend, return, promise, owe; make, buy, do, fetch, paint, save, spare,find等例:He gave his sister the piano。
He gave the piano to his sister。
He bought his wife a coat.He bought a coat for his wife.类型4:S + V + O + C该句型中的谓语动词后面必须接宾语,且还要用一个补足语来补充说明宾语的状态.例:I found the book easy。
The teacher told us to study hard.We heard him singing.类型5:S + L + P该句型中的L为系动词,后常接表语。
高一英语教案:必修一 句子结构及成分(附答案) Word版

高三英语语法专项复习句子结构及成分考点1.实义动词、助动词与情态动词实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。
实义动词也叫行为动词。
实义动词指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。
如:He lives quite near. (live“住”,有明确的意义,单独作谓语,为实义动词)I bought a pen yesterday. (bought “买”,意义明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词)助动词助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句和倒装句和帮助强调的词。
这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独作谓语。
⑴帮助构成时态的:The boy is crying.(is 用来构成现在进行时,和crying一起作谓语,是助动词)I have been painting all day. (have been用来帮助构成现在完成进行时,和painting 一起作谓语,是助动词。
)⑵帮助构成否定句和疑问句的:Does he like English? (does帮助构成一般疑问句,没有具体意义,是助动词。
)He does n’t have lunch at home. (does只是帮助构成否定句,没有具体意义,是助动词。
)⑶帮助构成被动语态的Trees are planted in spring. (are帮助构成被动语态,没有具体意义,是助动词)The house has been pulled down. (has been帮助构成时态和语态,是助动词)⑷帮助构成虚拟语气If he had come yesterday, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.(had, have帮助构成虚拟语气,是助动词,属于谓语的一部分。
)⑸帮助构成倒装句的So did he love his mother that he bought her many presents on her birthday.(他如此爱他的母亲以至于他母亲生日那一天,他给她买了许多礼物。
(完整word版)高中英语语法整理总结,推荐文档

高中英语语法整理总结组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。
顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
He likes watching TV .他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
一般可分为两类:1)简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
We study for the people. 我们为人民学习。
2)复合谓语:情态动词+不定式I can speak a little English. 我可以说一点英语。
3、表语表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be 之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。
一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。
My sister is a nurse. 我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
We like English. 我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave me some ink. 他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
如:We make him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。
5、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。
形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。
He is a new student. 他是个新生。
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。
The bike in the room is mine. 房间里的自行车是我的。
高中英语语法专题一: 英语语法框架 句子成分讲解和练习(word版 含答案)

Part 1:英语语法框架一·词法:词法研究的对象是各种词的形式及其用法。
英语词类的形式变化有:名词和代词的数,格和性的形式变化;动词的人称、时态、语态、语气等形式变化;以及形容词和副词比较等级的形式变化。
种类:1 名词:是人和事物的名称,如pen(钢笔);English(英语),life(生活)。
2 代词:是用来代替名词的词,如we(我们),his(他的),all(全部)。
3 副词: 是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词,如quickly(快),often(经常),very(很)。
4 数词:是表示“多少”和“第几”的词,如four(四),eighteen(十八),first(第一)5 形容词:用来修饰名词,如great(伟大的),honest(诚实的),difficult(困难的)。
6 动词: 表示动作和状态,如write(写),walk(行走),think(想)。
7 连词: 是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词,如and(和),because(因为),if(假如)8 冠词: 说明名词所指的人或物的词,如a,an(一个),the(这,那)。
9 介词: 表示名词(或代词)与句子里其它词的关系,如from(从),in(在…内),between(在…之间)。
10 感叹词: 表示感情,如oh(噢),aha(啊哈),hush(嘘)。
[注一]属于前六类(名、代、副、数、形、动等词)的词都有实义,叫做实词。
属于后四类(连、冠、介、感等词)的词没有实义,叫做虚词。
[注二]不少词可以属于几个词类,如work(工作;动词和名词),fast(快,形容词和副词),since(自从;连词和介词)等。
构词法定义:构词法是研究怎样造词的学问。
掌握构词法有助于记忆单词,扩大词汇量。
英语单词看似海量,其实真正“原生态”的数量有限,而大量的都是通过构词法造出来的。
如:Foot (足) + ball (球) ------football 足球Sea (海) + food ( 食品) -----seafood 海鲜食品种类:英语最基本的构词法有三种:派生,合成和转化。
(完整word版)英语语法-句子成分分析及练习

如:They were teachers。
(他们曾是老师.) Time flies. (时光飞逝。
)这两句话中分别由代词They ,名词Time 作主语。
The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语Eight is a lucky number。
数词做主语The blind need more help。
名词化的形容词做主语Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream。
不定式短语做主语他忘了告诉我开会的时间给我带来了很多麻烦。
(从句)(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。
谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当,因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词,不能作谓语。
且谓语动词可以体现时态,单复数的语法现象。
如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师.) He enjoys singing songs。
(他喜欢唱歌.)这两句话分别由动词were (are 的过去式),enjoys singing (enjoy doing动词短语)作谓语.其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态,且主语的人称为第一人称,enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称.宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后.如: I play with him。
(我和他玩。
)I like Chinese food。
(我喜欢中国菜。
)这两句话中分别由人称代词 him ,名词food 作宾语。
直接宾语与间接宾语:有的动词能够接双宾语,直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。
如:He gave me a book。
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句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:We are students.(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
例如:Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)Is it yours?(代词)The weather has turned cold.(形容词)The speech is exciting.(分词)-ing形式作adj.,故为现在分词,而非动名词Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)His job is to teach English.(不定式)His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)-ing形式作n.,故为动名词,而非现在分词The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)Time is up. The class is over.(副词)The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
例如:They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.(代词)How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)-ing形式作n.,故为动名词,而非现在分词I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.双宾语(直接宾语+to+间接宾语),例如:Lend your dictionary to me, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make/have等+宾语+宾补)。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
例如:His father named him Dongming.(名词)They painted their boat white.(形容词)Let the fresh air in.(副词)You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)-ing形式强调动作,故为现在分词,而非动名词We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
定语可由以下等成分表示:Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)-ing形式作adj.且与country有主谓关系There are thirty women teachers in our school.(名词)His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)-ing形式作n.,故为动名词,而非现在分词He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
可由以下形式表示:Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)Wait a minute.(名词)Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)状语种类如下:How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语)Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)I am taller than he is.(比较状语)句子种类(一)句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种:1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old. / She didn’t hear of you before.2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? / How old is he? / Is he six or seven years old? / Mary can swim, can´t she?3)祈使句:Be careful, boys. / Don´t talk in class.4)感叹句:How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种:1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。
e. g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。
复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。
e. g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wa ll.(二)简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语:e. g. He is a student.2、主语+不及物动词:e. g. We work.3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e. g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e. g. My father bought me a car.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e. g. Tom made the baby laugh.注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。