2012考研冲刺阶段英语阅读理解答题解析
2012考研英语之阅读--考题分析及应对(附题解)
2012考研英语之阅读--考题分析及应对（附题解）很多同学反映考研英语阅读理解题目太刁钻了。
老师为大家讲解一下考研英语阅读理解考题分析及解答技巧。
今天将再次为大家剖析一下考研英语阅读理解的部分考题，并详细介绍一下对应的解答技巧。
英语的提高是个日积月累，厚积薄发的过程，也是逆水行舟、不进则退的过程。
你可以花一个月时间突击政治。
但绝不敢自恃英语基础不错，放松英语的学习。
提高英语成绩的捷径，我认为是多做阅读题：一是阅读理解的分值太高了，决定着考研的成败、考生的命运，无法不重视。
二是阅读理解在巩固词汇，培养语感，提高英语水平方面有不可替代作用。
大家应该都注意到了，考研英语阅读文章的体裁大部分都是说明文和议论文。
而这种体裁的文章，都是逻辑非常严密的文章。
命题专家组不但选文是逻辑性强的，考察重点也是逻辑性较强的。
我们经常遇到的“看懂了文章，却做不对题目”正是由于我们仅仅看懂了文章的字面意思，没有去认真体会文章的逻辑关系。
另外，考研作文长久以来的“三段式”也是直接考察逻辑思维的。
结构一般是这样的：主题（本质）段：拿出主题X的句子＋定义X的句子展开段：正推1＋逻辑证明正推1；正推2＋逻辑证明正推2。
总结段：对主题用辨证逻辑来下结论。
考研阅读一般会在首句给出文章主题A，要养成认出A马上就问自己以上两个问题的习惯。
比如首句是“人是自私的吗？”，那么显然，自私就是A，作者一般会对A做概念解释，然后通过正面证明自己观点和反驳相反观点的一系列逻辑推理来得出结论。
那么，命题专家组就是要考察我们的这种逻辑思维能力。
下面我们实战演练一篇考题来让同学们进一步领会一下：2004年研究生入学考试英语试题Hunting for a job late last year， lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across Career Builder， a job database on the Internet． He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”．[本文的主题词在第二句P．S．A个人搜索工具。
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析8
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析8难句分析：难句1 Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly lowlevel findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.［分析］此句主语是this project，谓语是has turned out to be，findings为宾语，mostly lowlevel是宾语的定语修饰成分，about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes是宾语的补语成分。
combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want是过去分词引导的伴随状语，其中aboutwhat in the world /kcnet1480/ those readers really want是puzzlement的补语。
［译文］遗憾的是，这次新闻机构可信度调查计划结果只获得了一些肤浅的发现，诸如新闻报道中的事实错误，拼写或语法错误，和这些低层次发现交织在一起的还有许多令人挠头的困惑，譬如读者到底想读些什么。
难句2 There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.［分析］此句的结构主句是一个there加系动词的用法。
2012年考研英语阅读Part A答案及解析
2012年考研英语阅读Part A答案及解析(Text 1第一篇文章出自 2011年3月24日的时代周刊（Times）上的一篇文章有关Herd Mentality的文章，维基百科上关于Herd Mentality的定义是：Herd mentality(从众心态) describes how people are influenced by their peers to adopt certain behaviors, follow trends, and/or purchase items. （从众心态描述的是人们怎样受到同辈人的影响去接受某些行为，追随潮流或购买东西），通俗的讲就是讲述人们的一种从众心态。
/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2061234,00. html21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as 根据第一段，来自同龄人的压力通常会变成为：[A] a supplement to the social cure 对社会治疗的一种补充[B] a stimulus to group dynamics 对团队活力的一种促进[C] an obstacle to school progress 对学校进步的一种阻碍[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors 不良行为的起因正确答案[D]理由：本题属于段落推理题，依据题干关键词peer pressure often emerge as=become回到原文查找到第一段第三句It usually leads to nogood---drinking, drugs and casual sex.（它指代前面的同辈人的压力通常不会导致任何好处，比如喝酒、毒品和乱性），由此可见同辈人的压力通常会给人带来坏处，也就是说带来消极的结果，属于贬义的方向，因此选项[D]中的cause 和原文的lead to, undesirable behaviors属于不好习惯的上义词，但都属于同义替换的命题技巧。
2012考研冲刺阶段英语阅读理解答题解析
2012考研冲刺阶段英语阅读理解答题解析D幼儿园教研活动记录表时间2007年11月14日第十一周星期三下午地点教研内容如何提高家长工作的实效性？教师办公室主持人业务园长：黄柳宣应参加学习人员全体教师教研过程记录一、主持人：《幼儿园教育指导纲要（试行）》指出：“家庭是幼儿园重要的合作伙伴，应本着尊重、平等、合作的原则，争取家长的理解、支持和主动参与，并积极支持、帮助家长提高教育能力。
”家园共育是幼儿健康成长的基础，是幼儿园工作的重要环节，孩子能够茁壮成长，也是老师和家长的共同心愿。
尽管如此，由于教师和家长之间教育观念、思考角度不同，常常会引发一些矛盾和冲突，作为领导，我们不乏接到家长对幼儿园工作的投诉，老师们也不希望有家长对你们的工作进行投诉。
如何解决家长的批评和抱怨，可以说是一门艺术。
家长工作做好了，我们能取得事半功倍的效果。
家长对我们工作支持和理解了，就会为我们做好的、正面的宣传，换句话说，幼儿园的社会效益和经济效益才会有所提高。
在实际工作中，老师们不乏有好的经验，也有些老师也许存在着困惑，今天我们请大家结合工作实际，就“如何提高家长工作的实效性？”这一问题，谈谈自己的一些想法与做法。
二、教师们交流、探讨吴老师：配班的赖老师虽然是到我园参加工作不到半年的新老师，但是能利用家长早晚接送的时间，主动、积极、大胆地与家长交流，比较细致的反映幼儿在园的表现，得到家长的称赞。
何老师：与家长交流时说话不能太直接，要有艺术性，婉转地把孩子的不足以家长接受的方式转告家长，先说好的地方，再说不足之处。
主持人：也就是说在跟家长沟通和交流时我们要把握“度”，既要把家长当作朋友、合作伙伴，又不能太随意，注意交流时的语言是以给家长建设性的意见方式提出，切忌因为觉得与家长很熟而说话太过随意引起家长误会或者不快。
涂老师：一日活动中每个孩子的表现都不一样，即使是同一个孩子的表现也会有所不同，当孩子表现特别不一致或者有时一而再、再而三的出现类似错误时，老师有时会采取一些诸如“暂时隔离”或者严厉批评的方式进行教育，当家长来接孩子的时候，老师应该争取主动，以积极主动的态度先与家长沟通交流，以免孩子回去向家长诉说时引起不必要的误会。
2012年考研英语二阅读解析
2012年考研英语二阅读解析In 2012, the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination English II Reading Comprehension test was widely discussed. In my opinion, a good reading comprehension requires a comprehensive understanding of the text, as well as theability to analyze and interpret the information presented.First and foremost, a strong reading comprehensionentails a solid grasp of the main ideas and supportingdetails of the passage. This involves carefully reading and re-reading the text to ensure a clear comprehension of the author's message. Additionally, it requires the ability to identify key points and distinguish between main ideas and minor details.Furthermore, effective reading comprehension also involves the skill of inference and analysis. Readers must be able to draw conclusions and make connections betweendifferent parts of the text. This requires critical thinking and the ability to analyze the underlying meaning of the passage.Moreover, a high-quality reading comprehension also includes the ability to interpret information. This means understanding the author's purpose, tone, and perspective, and being able to discern the implicit or hidden meanings within the text.Overall, a good reading comprehension in the 2012 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination English II test required a combination of strong reading skills, critical thinking, and analytical abilities. These skills are essential for success in academic and professional settings, and are important for anyone seeking to understand and communicate effectively in the English language.。
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析7
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析7Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long selfanalysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly lowlevel findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates （patterns）into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a readymade narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the /kcnet1480/ “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middlesize cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.59．What is the passage mainly about?［A］needs of the readers all over the world［B］causes of the public disappointment about newspapers［C］origins of the declining newspaper industry［D］aims of a journalism credibility project60．The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be .［A］quite trustworthy［B］somewhat contradictory［C］very illuminating［D］rather superficial61．The basic problem /kcnet1480/ of journalists as pointedout by the writer lies in their .［A］working attitude［B］conventional lifestyle［C］world outlook［D］educational background62．Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its .［A］failure to realize its real problem［B］tendency to hire annoying reporters［C］likeliness to do inaccurate reporting［D］prejudice in matters of race and gender核心词汇：astonish ［E5stCniF］vt.使惊讶，使吃惊backbone［5bAkbEun］n.脊椎, 中枢, 骨干, 支柱, 意志力, 勇气, 毅力, 决心,主干(back+bone)bias［5baiEs］n./v.（使有）偏见,偏心,偏袒（bi 二+as 名词后缀→有两种观点→偏见contradictory［7kCntrE5diktEri］a.矛盾的，对立的（contradict反驳+ory形容词后缀）conventional［kEn5venFEnEl］a.惯例的,常规的（convention+al）newsroom（编辑室；阅览室）←news+room。
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析法律类GOING BACK AND GETTING IT RIGHTBy almost every measure, Paul Pfingst is an unsentimental prosecutor. Last week the San Diego County district attorney said he fully intends to try suspect Charles Andrew Williams, 15, as an adult for the Santana High School shootings. Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the controversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as 14 as adults.So nobody would have wagered that Pfingst would also be the first D.A. in the U.S. to launch his very own Innocence Project. Yet last June, Pfingst told his attorneys to go back over old murder and rape convictions and see if any unravel with newly developed DNA-testing tools. In other words, he wanted to revisit past victories--this time playing for the other team. "I think people misunderstand being conservative for being biased," says Pfingst. "I consider myself a pragmatic guy, and I have no interest in putting innocent people in jail."Around the U.S., flabbergasted defense attorneys and their jailed clients cheered his move. Among prosecutors, however, there was an awkward pause. After all, each DNA test costs as much as $5,000. Then there's the unspoken risk: if dozens of innocents turn up, the D.A. will have indicted his shop.But nine months later, no budgets have been busted or prosecutors ousted. Only the rare case merits review. Pfingst's team considers convictions before 1993, when the city started routine DNA testing. They discard cases if the defendant has been released. Of the 560 remaining files, they have re-examined 200, looking for cases with biological evidence and defendants who still claim innocence.They have identified three so far. The most compelling involves a man serving 12 years for molesting a girl who was playing in his apartment. But others were there at the time. Police found a small drop of saliva on the victim's shirt--too small a sample to test in 1991. Today that spot could free a man. Test results are due any day. Inspired by San Diego, 10 other counties in the U.S. are starting DNA audits.By Amanda Ripley ez ncisco sijevic rtwell; Lisa McLaughlin; Joseph Pierro; Josh Tyrangiel and Sora Song注 (1)本文选自Time; 03/19/2001, Vol. 157 Issue 11, p62, 1p, 2c, 3bw注 (2)本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 1.1.How did Pfingst carry out his own Innocence Project?[A]By getting rid of his bias against the suspects.[B]By revisiting the past victories.[C]By using the newly developed DNA-testing tools.[D]By his cooperation with his attorneys.2.Which of the following can be an advantage of Innocence Project?[A]To help correct the wrong judgments.[B]To oust the unqualified prosecutors.[C]To make the prosecutors in an awkward situation.[D]To cheer up the defense attorneys and their jailed clients.3.The expression “flabbergasted”(Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means _______.[A]excited[B]competent[C]embarrassed[D]astounded4.Why was Pfingst an unsentimental prosecutor?[A]He intended to try a fifteen-year old suspect.[B]He had no interest in putting the innocent in jail.[C]He supported the controversial California law.[D]He wanted to try suspect as young as fourteen.5.Which of the following is not true according to the text?[A]Pfingst’s move didn’t have a great coverage.[B] Pfingst’s move had both the positive and negative effect.[C] Pfingst’s move didn’t work well.[D]Pfingst’s move greatly encouraged the jailed prisoners.篇章剖析本文采用的是记叙文的模式。
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析3
2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析32012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析3Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clearcut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word‘amateur’ does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community， and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, imp /doc/d2*******.html,/kcnet1480/ lied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, localstudies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned /doc/d2*******.html,/kcnet1480/ as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.51. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as .［A］ sociology and chemistry［B］ physics and psychology［C］ sociology and psychology［D］ physics and chemistry52. We can infer from the passage that .［A］there is little distinction between specialization andprofessionalisation［B］amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science［C］professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community［D］amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones53. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate .［A］ the process of specialization and professionalisation［B］ the hardship of amateurs in scientific study［C］ the change of policies in scientific publications［D］ the discrimination of professionals against amateurs54. The direct reason for specialization is .［A］ the development in communication［B］ the growth of professionalisation［C］ the expansion of scientific knowledge［D］ the splitting up of academic societies核心词汇：academic［9A kE5demik］a.学院的；学术性的；（academ古希腊哲学家柏拉图及其弟子研究学问的地方+ic形容词后缀→学术的）accumulate［E5kju:mjuleit］vt.堆积，积累，积聚vi.累积，聚积（ac+cumul堆积+ate→堆积起来→积累）;accumulation（n.积累，堆积）即accumulate+tionamateur［5AmEtE:］a./n.业余（水平）的（运动员、艺术家等）（amat+eur人→热爱的人→业余爱好者）comparison［kEm5pArisn］n.比较,对比,比喻,比拟（compar+ison名词后缀）connotation［9cCnEu5teiFEn］n.含蓄,含义(con+not（e）+ation)，con前缀“一起”，note记录，ation名词后缀，所有东西都被一起记录在其中→含义constitute［5kCnstitju:t］vt.组成，构成，形成；设立，建立，任命（con 一起+stitute→放到一起→构成）crucial［5kru:FiEl, 5kru:FEl］a.至关重要的,决定性的definition［9defi5niFEn］n.定义,解释;（轮廓影像等的）清晰度;阐明（defin +ition名词后缀→定义）delay［di5lei］v.耽搁; 延误;推迟; 延期(de不+lay放置→未及时放置好→耽搁)demonstrate［5demEnstreit］v.论证,证实;演示,说明（de加强+monster+ate动词→加强显示→证明）distinction［dis5tiNkFEn］n.区别,差别;级别;特性;声望;显赫（distinct+ion名词后缀）emphasis［5emfEsis］n.加强语气; 强调;（赋予某事物）特殊的意义、价值或重要性(em加强语气+phas显示+is名词后缀→加强显示→强调)integrate［5intigreit］v.（使）成为一体,（使）结合在一起(integ完整+ate动词后缀→使结合)journal［5dVE:nl］n.定期刊物,杂志,日报;日志,日记(journ日期+al形容词后缀→日期，杂志)logical［5lCdVikEl］a.逻辑的,符合逻辑的(log说话+ic名词后缀→说话的学问+al形容词后缀→合乎逻辑的)overall［5EuvErC:l］a.全面的,综合的n.（pl.）（套头）工作服participate［pa:5tisipeit］v.参加, 参与(parti部分，分开+cip进入+ate动词后缀→进入一部分→参加);participation（n.参加；分享）即Parti+cip+ationprimacy［5praimEsi］n.第一或首先的状态; 首席的职责, 重要性(prim第一，主要的+acy名词后缀→重要性)professional［prE5feFEnl］a.职业的,专门的n.自由职业者,专业人士（profession+al形容词后缀）;professionalisation（n.职业化）即professional+is（e）+ationpsychology［sai5kClEdVi］n.心理,心理学,心理状态（psycho 心理+logy名词后缀表示科学，学问→心理学）publication［pQbli5keiFEn］n.出版物;出版,发行;公布,发表（public公众的+ation名词后缀）reckon［5rekEn］vi.计算,总计,估计（up）;猜想;依赖;认为把……看作；视为(reck注意+on表状态或动作的动词后缀→指望) referee［refE5ri:］n.裁判员（refer+ee表示人→被提出的人→裁判）reflect［ri5flekt］v.反射;表达；反映;仔细考虑(re反+flect弯曲返回→反射)represent［repri5zent］v.描述,表示;代表,代理;阐明,说明（re+present）response［ris5pCns］n.回答,响应,反应（re回+spons+e名词后缀→承诺回应→回答）reveal［ri5vi:l］v.展现,显示,揭示,揭露,告诉,泄露（re反+veal→反盖上→不让盖上→揭露）separate［5sepEreit9 5sepErit］a.分离的,分开的（se分开+par 安排+ate动词和形容词后缀→分离）split［split］v.裂开,劈开;分裂,分离n.分化,分裂,裂口。
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2012考研冲刺英语阅读理解答题解析
一、英语阅读分析
1) 英语阅读历年分数统计
英语阅读总计4篇文章，每篇文章约400个单词，文后设置5个问题，每个问题分值为2分，共计20道题40分，据不完全统计历年平均得分17~23分
2) 英语阅读解题时间规划
建议考生每篇文章的解题时间控制在为13~18分钟以内，建议阅读速度为45~55字/分钟。
3) 英语阅读文章难度
英语阅读主要体现在“熟词生义”现象;经常出现比较复杂的语法现象;题目选项迷惑性比较大，在这里建议12考研考生要多采用排除法选出相对最佳答案。
二、英语阅读答题方法
1) 根据上下文推测生词的词义
2) 根据文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系进行分析
3) 理解主旨要义进行有关的判断、推理和引申
三、英语阅读浓缩精华
按照10年分割线来看，专家汇总出18篇最典型、最能反映出题者命题思路和覆盖所有基础词汇、高频核心词汇和常用超纲词等“热词”。
四、易浑浊热词
vary v. ①([主语]一组类似的事物)相异，不同
When it comes to success, people’s views may vary considerably in understanding.
(引起话题套句)
②[主语]变化，改变 The temperatures vary between -10℃
and 34℃ with the season.
③(稍做)改变 [宾语] ~the opening hours。