Percy Bysshe Shelley
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)
His poetry divides itself into two distinct moods. In one he is the violent reformer, seeking to overthrow our present institutions and to hurry the millennium out of its slow walk into a gallop. Out of this mood come most of his longer poems, like Queen Mab, Revolt of Islam, Hellas, and The Witch of Atlas, which are somewhat violent diatribes against government, priests, marriage, religion, even God as men supposed him to be. In a different mood, which finds expression in Alastor, Adonais, and his wonderful lyrics, Shelley is like a wanderer following a vague, beautiful vision, forever sad and forever unsatisfied.
Works of Shelley: As a lyric poet, Shelley is one of the supreme geniuses of English literature; and the reader will do well to begin with the poems which show him at his very best. The Cloud, To a Skylark, Ode to
the West Wind, To Night must surely set the reader to searching among Shelley’s miscellaneous works, to find for himself the things worthy to be remembered.
Alastor, or the Spirit of Solitude (1816) is by far the best expression of Shelley’s greater mood. Here we see him wandering restlessly through the vast silences of nature, in search of a loved dream-maiden who shall satisfy his love of beauty. Here Shelley is the poet of the moonrise, and of a tender exquisite fancies that can never be expressed. The charm of the poem lies in its succession of dreamlike pictures; but it gives absolutely no impressions of reality. Alastor is therefore the poet’s confession, not simply of failure, but of undying hope in some better thing that is to come. Prometheus Unbound (1818-1820), a lyrical drama, is the best work of Shelley’s revolutionary enthusiasm, and the most characteristic of all his poems. Shelley’s
philosophy was a curious aftergrowth of the French Revolution, namely, that it is only the existing tyranny of State, Church, and society which keeps man from growth into perfect happiness. In Shelley’s poem the hero, Premetheus, represents mankind itself,---a just and noble humanity, chained and tortured by Jove, who is here the personification of human institutions. In due time Demogorgon ( which is Shelley’s name for Necessity) overthrows the tyrant Jove and releases Prometheus (Mankind), who is presently united to Asia, the spirit of love and goodness in nature, while the earth and the moon join in a wedding song, and everything gives promise that they shall live together happy ever afterwards.
In his interpretation of nature Shelley suggests Wordsworth, both by resemblance and by contrast. To both poets all natural objects are symbols of truth; both regard nature as permeated by the great spiritual
life which animates all things; but while Wordsworth finds a spirit of thought, and so of communion between nature and the soul of man, Shelley finds a spirit of love, which exists chiefly for its own delight.
In a word, Wordsworth found and Shelley lost himself in nature.。
诗人雪莱介绍英文版Percy Bysshe Shelley
狂暴的精神！奋勇者呵，让我们合一！
Drive my dead thoughts over the universe 请把我枯死的思想向世界吹落，
Like wither'd leaves to quicken a new birth! 让它像枯叶一样促成新的生命！
And, by the incantation of this verse,
哦，请听从这一篇符咒似的诗歌，
Scatter, as from an unextinguish'd hearth 就把我的话语，像是灰烬和火星
Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind! 从还未熄灭的炉火向人间播散！
Be through my lips to unawaken'd earth
•To The Lord Chancellor（1817） 《致大法官》 •Laon and Cythna (The Revolution of the Golden City) (1818)《莱昂和西斯那》 •The Revolt of Islam (1818) 《伊斯兰的反叛》
Ode to the West Wind (1819) Prometheus Unbound (1819) 《解放了的普罗米修斯》 The Cenci(1819) 《倩契》 The Masque of Anarchy(1819) 《暴政的假面游行》 Men of England (1819) 《英格兰人》
雪莱笔下的普罗米修斯的形象，既概括了工人阶级和劳动人 民反抗专制统治（against despotism）、争取自由解放（fight for freedom and liberation）的革命精神和不畏强暴的英雄气 概，也体现了诗人自己坚定的立场、伟大的品格、崇高的精 神境界。
《致云雀》ppt课件
【答案】D
【解析】A.“亘”读gèn;B.“僭”读jiàn;C.“靥”读yè。
拓展练习
浪漫主义手法简介： 浪漫主义着重从主观内心世界出发，来表现客观现实，抒发作者对理想世界 的热烈追求，常用热情奔放的语言、瑰丽的想象、夸张和象征等手法来塑造 形象。比如《致云雀》一诗中，云雀是欢乐、光明、美丽的象征，表达了作 者追求光明、蔑视黑暗以及向往理想世界的情感。
02朗读诗歌，全文探究
3、 诗歌中的“云 雀”有什么特点?
如何理解“云雀”
这一形象?
云崔代表了光明，欢乐、自由、 对生活充满的热爱。
诗中云雀的形象，并不纯然是自 然界中的云崔，而且还是诗人理想化 中的自己，展示出浪漫主义时代的理 想形象。
02朗读诗歌，全文探究来自3、 诗歌中的“云 雀”有什么特点? 如何理解“云雀”
In the broad day-light Thou art unseen,but yet I hear thy shrill delight,
Better than all measures Of delightful sound,
Better than all treasures That in books are found,
Thy skill to poet were,thou scorner of the ground !
Keen as are the arrows Of that silver sphere,
Whose intense lamp narrows In the white dawn clear,
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Writing style
• His writings are full of enthusiasm and philosophical speculation (哲理思辨).His poetry(诗 风) is free and uninhibited (自由不羁).
• He accustomed to use fantasy symbolism (梦幻 象征手法) and ancient mythological material (远古 神话题材).
Marriage
Percy Bysshe Shelley’ two marriages:
• The poet‘s fist marriage to Harriet. • The second marriage to Mary.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ Main works
(1) Poems
•
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4, 1792 –
July 8, 1822),is one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among the finest lyric poets （最好的抒 情诗人）of the English language. Shelley rebelled against （反对）English politics and conservative values（保守的价值观）， and he is a Platonist (柏拉图主义者) and idealist (理想主义者) ，his works reflected the radical（激进的） ideas and revolutionary optimism of the era.
percy_bysshe_shelley
Life and experience
Shelley’s marriage with Harriet proved to be hasty and they seperated in 1814. in 1816, Shelley married Mary God win and his second marriage was a happy one. But their peaceful life was broken by the sudden death of Harriet, who drowned herself in a river. A great scandal(丑闻) was made out of it by Shelley’s political enemies. He was compelled to leave England and spent his rest life in Italy.
Thank you
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EDUCATION
Shelley received his early education at home, tutored by the Reverend Evan Edwards of nearby Warnham.
In 1804, Shelley entered Eton College, where he fared poorly, and was subjected to an almost daily mob torment at around noon by older boys, who aptly called these incidents "Shelley-baits(诱 饵)". in 1810 he entered the Oxford University College.In 1811 Shelley was expelled from the college for publishing The Necessity Of Atheism, which he wrote with Thomas Jefferson Hogg.
英国文学史《西风颂》Ode_to_the_West_Wind赏析
Apart from the alliteration it is also worth noting the capitalisation of West Wind in the poem. In typically Romantic fashion an abstract quality or aspect of Nature is personified and addressed in the poem, such that it appears divine or god-like, or as an expression of the divine
Of the dying year, to which this closing night Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre, Vaulted with all thy congregated might
Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: O hear!
Drive my dead thoughts over the universe Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth; And, by the incantation of this verse,
Scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind! Be through my lips to unawakened elley
Percy_Bysshe_Shelly 英文介绍
Percy Bysshe Shelley(4 August 1792 – 8 July 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets, and is regarded by some as among the finest lyric(抒情诗), as well as epic（史诗）, poets in the English language. A radical （激进）in his poetry as well as in his political and social views, Shelley did not see fame during his lifetime, but recognition for his poetry grew steadily following his death. Shelley was a key member of a close circle of visionary（空想主义的） poets and writers that included Lord Byron（拜伦）; Leigh Hunt; Thomas Love Peacock; and his own second wife, Mary Shelley, the author of Frankenstein.
Harriet Westbrook had been writing Shelley passionate letters threatening to kill herself because of her unhappiness at the school and at home. They were married in Edinburgh（爱丁堡） in 1812 at the age of sixteen. Percy was nineteen. Two years later he left her for Mary Godwin.
Percy Bysshe Shelley
雪莱概述全名：珀西·比西·雪莱（Percy Bysshe Shelley）生卒：1792年8月4日-1822年7月8日一般译作雪莱，英国浪漫主义诗人，出生于英格兰萨塞克斯郡霍舍姆附近的沃恩汉，其祖父是受封的男爵，其父是议员。
生平8岁时雪莱就开始尝试写作诗歌，在伊顿的几年里，雪莱与其表兄托马斯合作了诗《流浪的犹太人》并出版了讽刺小说《扎斯特罗奇》。
12岁那年，雪莱进入伊顿公学，在那里他受到学长及教师的虐待，在当时的学校里这种现象十分普遍，但是雪莱并不象一般新生那样忍气吞声，他公然的反抗这些，而这种反抗的个性如火燃尽了他短暂的一生。
1810年，18岁的雪莱进入牛津大学，深受英国自由思想家休谟以及葛德文等人著作的影响，雪莱习惯性的将他关于上帝、政治和社会等问题的想法写成小册子散发给一些素不相识的人，并询问他们看后的意见。
1811年3月25日，由于散发《无神论的必然》，入学不足一年的雪莱被牛津大学开除。
雪莱的父亲是一位墨守成规的乡绅，他要求雪莱公开声明自己与《无神论的必然》毫无关系，而雪莱拒绝了，他因此被逐出家门。
被切断经济支持的雪莱在两个妹妹的帮助下过了一段独居的生活，这一时期，他认识了赫利埃特·委斯特布洛克，他妹妹的同学，一个小旅店店主的女儿。
雪莱与这个十六岁的少女仅见了几次面，她是可爱的，又是可怜的，当雪莱在威尔士看到她来信称自己在家中受父亲虐待后便毅然赶回伦敦，带着这一身世可怜且恋慕他的少女踏上私奔的道路。
他们在爱丁堡结婚，婚后住在约克。
1812年2月12日，同情被英国强行合并的爱尔兰的雪莱携妻子前往都柏林为了支持爱尔兰天主教徒的解放事业，在那里雪莱发表了慷慨激昂的演说，并散发《告爱尔兰人民书》以及《成立博爱主义者协会倡议书》。
在政治热情的驱使下，此后的一年里雪莱在英国各地旅行，散发他自由思想的小册子。
同年11月完成叙事长诗《麦布女王》，这首诗富于哲理，抨击宗教的伪善、封建阶级与劳动阶级当中存在的所有的不平等。
Percy Bysshe Shelley 简介
Percy Bysshe Shelley
• 诗歌 爱尔兰人之歌 （The Irishman`s Song，1809） 战争 （War，1810） 魔鬼出行 （The Devil`s Walk，1812） 麦布女王 （Queen Mab，1813） 玛丽安妮的梦 （Marianne`s` Dream，1817） 致大法官 （To The Lord Chancellor，1817） 奥西曼迭斯 （Ozymandias，1817）
Percy Bysshe Shelley
逝 （The Past，1818） 一朵枯萎的紫罗兰（On A Faded Violet，1818） 召苦难 （Invocation To Misery，1818） 致玛丽 （To Mary，1818） 伊斯兰的反叛 （The Revolt of Islam，1818） 西风颂 （Ode To The West Wind，1819） 饥饿的母亲 （A Starving Mother，1819） 罗萨林和海伦 （Rosalind and Helen，1819） 含羞草 （The Sensitive Plant，1820） 云 （The Cloud，1820） 致云雀 （To A Skylark，1820） 自由颂 （Ode To Liberty，1820） 解放的普罗米修斯（Prometheus Unbound，1820） 阿多尼 （Adonais，1821） 一盏破碎的明灯 （Lines，1822）
Percy Bysshe Shelley
• 剧本 倩契（The Cenci，1819，五幕悲剧） 暴虐的俄狄浦斯（Oedipus Tyrannus，1820，诗剧） 希腊（Greece,1821,抒情诗剧） • 论文及散文 无神论的必然（1811） 自然神论之驳斥（1814） 关于把改革付诸全国投票的建议（1817） 诗的辩护（1821） • 译著 柏拉图《会饮篇》 荷马《维纳斯赞》等 但丁《地狱》篇部分 歌德《浮士德》部分
从《心之灵》探雪莱浪漫派柏拉图主义诗学观
从《心之灵》探雪莱浪漫派柏拉图主义诗学观盛 钰内容摘要：英国革命浪漫主义诗人珀西•雪莱(Percy Bysshe Shelley, 1792-1822)，一生写了数量众多的抒情诗歌。
本文所要探讨的抒情长诗《心之灵》（Epipsychidion），自1821年问世之际便在诗人的要求下被匿名发表，因其传达出微妙的对爱情的不贞和不确定性，被视为“雪莱诗歌中最难懂和最富有争议的”，为多数雪莱诗歌研究者所忽略。
本文在结合历史、社会语境的具体分析后认为，《心之灵》作为一首典型的“追寻罗曼斯”，诗人在其间隐晦地将自己对永恒真理与“美”的理念的向往，内化成为一种对理想化爱情的歌颂与追求，并试图将浪漫派柏拉图主义诗学思想通过诗歌的隐蔽话语之形式传达出来，是雪莱的爱情观与诗学理想的完美融合，值得我们重新审视和细细品读。
关键词：雪莱；《心之灵》；浪漫派柏拉图主义诗学；追寻罗曼司作者简介：盛钰，北京外国语大学英语学院博士研究生。
研究方向为英语诗歌与跨文化研究。
Title: Percy Bysshe Shelly’s Romantic-Platonic Poetics in EpipsychidionAbstract: Percy Bysshe Shelley was one of the more influential and radical English Romantic poets, and wrote great many lyric poems in his life. Epipsychidion is a major poetical work published in 1821 with a subtle feeling of faithlessness and uncertainty towards love. Anonymously at the very beginning of its publishing, the long poem was usually considered to be Shelly’s most obscure and controversial work. Through the analysis of Shelley’s quest-romance Epipsychidion in both the historical and social contexts, it can be disclosed that Shelly has internalized his poetic thoughts and understanding of eternal truth and beauty into his pursuit of the ideal love, which can also help him to present his Romantic-Platonic Poetics in a cryptic and abstract discourse mode. Key words: Percy Bysshe Shelly; Epipsychidion; Romantic-Platonic Poetics; Quest-Romance Author: Sheng Yu is Ph. D. candidate at School of English and International Studies, Beijing Foreign Studies University (Beijing 100089, China). Her major research field is English poetry and cross-culturalstudies.E-mail:********************.cn一、引言珀西•雪莱（Percy Bysshe Shelley, 1792-1822）出身于英国贵族之家，年轻之时怀着对宗教的疑惑、对宇宙的好奇、对至真与至美的渴望以及改造世界的憧憬，走了一条叛逆者之路。
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Percy Bysshe Shelley，1792年8月4日－1822年7月8日写作风格：浪漫主义写作手法：浪漫主义艺术特点：浪漫主义主要作品：《解放了的普罗米修斯》《钦契一家》《西风颂》《云雀颂》创作背景：作为雪莱最负盛名的作品，《西风颂》一诗主要是在1819年秋天意大利的文化名城佛罗伦萨构思完成的。
雪莱在该诗原注中，曾这样描述过当时的创作情况：“这首诗构思在弗罗伦萨附近阿诺河畔的一片树林里，主要部分也在那里写成。
那一天，孕育着一场暴风雨的暖和而令人振奋的大风，集合着常常倾泻下滂沱秋雨的云霭。
不出我的预料，雨从日落下起，狂风暴雨里夹带着冰雹，并且伴有阿尔卑斯山南地区所特有的气势宏伟的电闪雷鸣。
”由自然界的闪电雷鸣，诗人自然地联想到人世间的狂风暴雨。
1818年诗人受到英国当局的迫害，曾被无理地剥夺抚养亲生子女的权利，悲愤地离开祖国，飘流异乡。
就在此诗创作前夕，英国又发生了一场血腥的大屠杀事件。
1819年8月16日，曼彻斯特的8万工人为争取生活权利举行示威游行，英国政府竟派骑兵镇压，致使15名工人被杀，400人受伤。
身在异国的雪莱听此消息，愤怒地写下了《1815年的英国》、《虐政的假面游行》等诗，抗议当局的暴行，向劳动者发出战斗的号召。
《西风颂》正是在这样的背景下，由自然现象激发起创作灵感，借自然景物来抒情言志，表现诗人对黑暗的反抗，对光明的热切期盼和向往，也表现了对未来的坚定信念和希望。
作品感受：西风象征着一种无处不在的宇宙精神，一种打破旧世界，追求新世界的西风精神。
诗人以西风自喻，表达了自己对生活的信念和向旧世界宣战的决心。
这是后人给它定义的，不过根据当时的时代背景应该是当时的革命像西风一样战胜一切。
奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）写作风格：唯美主义哲学尖锐批判了当时的物质社会和庸人主义。
倡导人应该在生活中发现美、鉴别美、享受美，充分地展现个性。
写作手法：运用唯美主义哲学艺术特点：唯美主义主要作品：《道林·格雷的画像》《狱中记》创作背景：对于当时物质社会和庸人主义的批判作品感受：它通过一个悲剧故事向我们揭示了具体的表象的美（毫无疑问王尔德从未能真正深入到美的本质，他始终在现象----即表象----徘徊），这种美唯一只能存在与悲剧中，作者借亨利勋爵的口阐述了此种观点：“在存在过的每一件精美事物的背后都有着某种悲惨的东西，最卑微的花朵在饱受苦难之后终于开放……”，悲剧成了美的内涵，是美的灵魂----即使并非本质。