2001英语语法真题
2001年4月份全国高教自考英语语法试题及答案
2001年4月份全国高教自考英语语法试题及答案I、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每题1分，共20分）Choose the best answer from the choices given:1. In the end , he __________. [ ]a. got invitedb. gets invitedc. was invitedd. was to be invited2. He wore dark glasses to avoid __________. [ ]a. having been spottedb. to be spottedc. spottedd. being spotted3. A new theory __________ before it can be put into practice. [ ]a. must be testedb. be testedc. can be testedd. to be tested4. Sooner than __________ for others, she started her own business. [ ]a. workingb. workedc. to workd. work5. I can't afford as __________ car as this one. [ ]a. expensive ab. an expensivec. a more expensived. a most expensive6. Do what I tell you --__________! [ ]a. or elseb. or soc. and thatd. and do7. This is the house __________ windows were broken. [ ]a. whoseb. whichc. itsd. of which8. A hot shower, a cup of milk, a bag of potato chips, and then a good sleep __________ the luxury that he needed after the examination. [ ]a. areb. wasc. wered. is9. Every drop of tears, every moan out of pain and every cry for help then __________ like knife cutting deep into his heart. [ ]a. wasb. arec. wered. is10. I expect all the letters __________ promptly. [ ]a. being typedb. to be typedc. having been typedd. to have been typed11. The information was later admitted __________ from unreliable sources. [ ]a. to be obtainedb. to have been obtainedc. that it has been obtainedd. that it was obtained12. For a child to give up less mature idea for a more sophisticate one, it requires that the child_____________ psychologically ready for the new idea. [ ]a. isb. bec. wered. would be13. We still have a lot of problems __________. [ ]a. unsolvedb. unsolvingc. unsolved. to be unsolved14. He regretted __________ her the truth. [ ]a. having toldb. to have toldc. had toldd. to tell15. Domestic-made TV sets are not __________ imported ones at all. [ ]a. more inferior thanb. inferior toc. inferior thand. more inferior as16. __________ by accident __________ by design, he arrived too late to help us. [ ]a. Not only...but alsob. Neither...norc. Whether...ord. Both...and17.__________ , he managed to remain among the top 5% of his class. [ ]a. To work hard as he didb. Working hard as he didc. Work hard as he didd. Worked hard as he did18. They left the door open __________ to hear the baby. [ ]a. so as for meb. so that mec. in order for med. and for me19. New machinery __________ arriving tomorrow. [ ]a. will beb. isc. ared. shall be20. The family __________ able to come to a unanimous consent that the child must be operated on as quickly as possible. [ ]a. wereb. isc. ared. wasII.多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每题2分，共10分）Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below:21. From __________ time we learned to count, __________ of us knew how old we'd be in the Year 2000.the, a, every, none, all22. The Winter Olympics did not prove especially popular among Americans this year. First, the weather was __________ historical disaster from the beginning of the events. __________ snow began falling the very first day.a, the, any, some, all23. __________ of us decides what to take into the future and what to leave behind. That's why__________ arrival of the Year 2000 has become such a personal moment.each, every, all, the, a24. I __________ coffee, give me some tea.will go, have gone, go, through, off, on25. Put the food where the cat__________ it.Didn't come, has come, can't come, at , around, withIII.填空题（本大题共20小题，每题1分，共20分）Fill in the blanks with an appropriate unit noun:26. a __________ of coughing27. a __________ of lightning28. a __________ of bees29. a __________ of adviceFill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb or verb phrase given:30. Jane appears as though she __________(know) the secret.31. Two players __________(send) off the field during last Saturday's match.32. I've forgotten to return the key of the safe. People __________(must look) everywhere for it.Fill in the blank with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:33. It was an island __________ name I have forgotten.34. He carried his luggage all the way home, __________ was actually unnecessary.35. He soon made it clear __________ he had asked for a meeting.36. The police arrived, after __________ the situation became calmer.Fill in the blank with an appropriate conjunct:37. We visited Nimes ad Arles, __________ , two ancient cities.38. He has not paid his debts and, __________ , he has no intention of paying.39. They'll be back in an hour. __________ , we could play chess.Fill in the blank with an appropriate pronoun:40. The only thing __________ impresses me is her directness.41. He is a top student at school, __________ his brother never was.Fill in the blank with an appropriate preposition:42. I hid my gun __________ the pillow.43. I don't go __________ men of his type.Fill in the blank with an appropriate form of the word given:44. Jane is hardly __________(smart) than Mrs. White.45. She is the __________(tall) of the two.IV.改错题（本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分）Correct errors in the following sentences:46. We must hurry, other wise the meeting will begin when we get there.47. I think the students see too many love stories these days to be realistic.48. The company has promised a rise to salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.49. He suddenly saw the answer to the problem that has occupied his mind for the last two years.50. Please do not smoke until after the plane takes off.51. As she is tired of working as a secretary, she thinks of finding another job.52. Francis Bacon wrote that reading made a full man.53. Go and get some fresh air! You were sitting here all morning.V.改写句子（本大题共14小题，每题2分，共28分）Rewrite the following sentences as required:54.Turning the following imperatives into the tag question form:Don't let the children stay up too late on weekends.55. Turning the following imperatives into the tag question form:Let's do it together.56. Turning the following statement into a YES-NO question:I have already finished the assignment the teacher gave us last week.57. Turning the singular nouns or noun phrases into plural forms wherever possible with other necessary changes:A traffic accident often occurs at a crossroads.58. Using subjunctive mood:A neighbour acted quickly and thus stopped the fire from spreading to the other floors.59. Using a non-finite verb:I don't think she would admit that she had sold the house .60. Combining sentences using comparative degree (more...than...):Susan is intelligent. Mary is not that intelligent.61. Combining the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:You sent my son an English-Chinese dictionary. Thank you very much.62. Combining the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:Twenty horses were put into the corral. They were to be trained for riding.63. Rewrite the following sentence using a disjunct:It is natural that as a beginner he isn't a good driver yet.64. Rewrite the following sentence as required: (Using "either you or I " as the subject)We were responsible for the mistake.65. Rewrite the following sentence using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:If you travel often, keep a collection of necessities pre-packed. Keeping a collection of necessities pre-packed will give you time to pare the nonessentials.66. Rewrite the following sentence using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:My wife and I are going to dine out this evening. In fact, we dine out every weekend.67. Rewrite the following sentences beginning each with anticipatory "it":a. This question is very easy to answer.b. You seem to have taken a dislike to himVI.名词解释（本大题共2小题，每小题2分，共4分）Define the following terms with examples:68. WH-question69. non-finite verbsVII.简答题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）70. How is aspect related to time?71. What are inherent adjectives?72. What is the difference between reference and substitution?73. Identify (a) the subject, and (b) the theme, of each of the sentences below. Say whether the theme occurs as S (subject), Cs (subject complement), Od (direct object), Co (object complement), Cp (prepositional complement), P (predication) or V (verb)a. My husband will carry your suitcase.b. Not one girl in ten can a young man trust these days.74.Answer the question below by using (a) the information given in brackets, and (b) the passive voice as a means of achieving end-focus.Who invented the telephone? (Graham Bell, in 1876)英语语法试题参考答案I. 单项选择题（每小题1分，共20分）1、a2、d3、a4、d5、a6、a7、a8、c9、a 10、b 11、b 12、b 13、a 14、A 15、b 16、c 17、b 18、c 19、b 20、aII. 多项选择填空题（每小题2分，共10分，）21. the , all （共2分，一格1分） 22. a, Some （共2分，一格1分） 23. Each, the （共2分，一格1分） 24. have gone off （共2分，一格1分） 25. Can't come at （共2分，一格1分）III. 填空题（每题1分，共20分）26. fit 27. flash 28. swarm 29. piece 30. had known 31. were sent 32. must have been looking 33.whose 34. which 35. why 36. which 37. that is 38. worse still 39. Meanwhile 40. that (用 which应看作错误) 41. which (用 who 应看作错误) 42. under 43. for 44. smarter 45. tallerIV. 改错题（每小题1分，共8分）Correct errors in the following sentences:46. We must hurry, otherwise the meeting will have begun when we get there.47. I think the students are seeing too many love stories these days to be realistic.47. The company has been promising a rise to salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.49. He suddenly saw the answer to the problems that had occupied his mind for the last two years.50. Please do not smoke until after the plane has taken off.51. As she is tired of working as a secretary, she is thinking of finding another job.52. Francis Bacon wrote that reading makes a full man.53. Go and get some fresh air! You have been sitting here all morning.V. 改写句子（每题2分，共28分）54. Don't let the children stay up too late on weekends, will you?55. Let's do it together, shall we?56. Have you finished the assignment the teacher gave us last week yet?57. Traffic accidents often occur at crossroads.58. If it had not been for the quick action of a neighbour, the fire would have spread to the other floors.59. I don't think she would admit selling the house .60. Susan is more intelligent than Mary.61. Thank you very much for the English-Chinese dictionary you sent my son.62. Twenty horses that were to be trained for riding were put into the corral.63. Naturally, as a beginner, he isn't a good driver yet.64. (Either you or I was) responsible for the mistake.65. (...That will give you time to pare the nonessentials.)66. (... In fact, we do it/so every weekend.)67. a. It is very easy to answer...b. It seems that you have taken...VI. 名词解释（每题2分，共4分）68. A WH-question is a question that normally begins with a WH-word, eg. What did you do last night?69. The non-finite verbs are verbs that are not marked for tense or for subject-verb concord.VII. 简答题（每小题2分，共10分）70. Aspect reflects the way in which the verb action is regarded or experienced with respect to ime.71. Generally speaking, adjectives denoting inherent qualities characterize the referent of the noun. e.g. A big house refers to a house whose size is big.72. The difference between reference and substitution is that reference is a relation between meanings, whereas substitution is a relation between linguistic items, such as words, phrases or clauses. The reference item and its referent (i.e. what is referred to) are assumed to be semantically equivalent (i.e. of the same thing; e.g. Jack hates himself.) while substitution is a relation in wording rather than in meaning, which constitutes the cohesive relation between a substitute and the item it replaces (e.g. Jack bought a big house but Jane renteda smaller one.).73. a. both (a) and (b) are "my husband" which occurs as S.b. (a): a young man; (b): not one girl in ten which occurs as Od.74. Telephone was invented by Graham Bell in 1876.（此题答对得2分。
2001 考研英语阅读真题Text 3(英语二)
2001 Text 3（英语⼆）公众对报纸失望的原因Text 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers?The of is trying to answer this painful question.The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper.Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns)into which they plug each day's events.In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, 短⽂ 3为什么那么多美国⼈不相信⾃⼰在报纸上看到的东⻄？American Society Newspaper Editors 美国新闻编辑协会正试图回答这个痛苦的问题。
2001考研英语真题原文翻译
2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语全文翻译P a r t I I C l o z eT e s t政府要禁止像审判R o s e m a r y W e s t案件时发生的报界付钱给牵扯到大案要案的证人以图收买他们的行为㊂为了加强对报界的法律监督,大法官L o r d I r v i n e将要提出一项草拟法案㊂该草案将提议把报界付款给证人的做法定为非法,并且将对案件在开庭前的公开程度加以严格控制㊂在给下院媒体特别委员会主席G e r a l dK a u f m a n的一封信中,L o r d I r v i n e说他同意该委员会今年的报告㊂该报告指出了自我约束没有对媒体实施足够的监控㊂当L o r d I r v i n e说对欧洲立法中所包含的关于隐私控制的解释权将留给法官而不是国会时,这一做法遭到了媒体的一片抗议㊂而两天后,这封信便被公之于世㊂大法官说‘人权法案“的引入使‘欧洲人权公约“在英国具有了法律约束力㊂它规定每个人都享有隐私权,公众人物可以走上法庭去保护自己和家人的权利㊂新闻自由由法官掌握将安然无恙 ,他说道㊂自W e s t在1995年被判处十项无期徒刑后,给证人付报酬的做法就成了颇有争议的问题㊂据说多达十九个证人因向报社讲述他们的经历而获得报酬㊂这引起了人们的关注:为了确保法庭给被告定罪,证人可能会被怂恿在法庭上夸大事实㊂P a r t I I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o nP a s s a g e1专业化可被视为针对科学知识不断积累这个问题所做出的反应㊂通过对学科的分支和细化,个人能够继续处理这些信息并将它们作为深入研究的基础㊂但是专业化仅是科学领域内一系列影响交流过程的有关现象之一㊂另一现象是科学活动的日益职业化㊂科学领域的专业人士和业余爱好者之间划不出泾渭分明的界限:因为任何规律都有例外㊂然而, 业余 一词的确意味着相关人员不能充分融入职业科学界,尤其他可能并不完全认同这个群体的价值观㊂19世纪的专业化的发展,以及随之而来的对训练的长期性和复杂性的要求,对业余人员参与科学研究造成了更大的困难㊂这一趋势在以数学和实验室训练为基础的科学领域里自然表现得最为突出,并可以在英国的地质学发展过程中得到证实㊂将过去一个半世纪英国地质学出版物做一下比较,我们就会发现不仅对科研的主导地位的强调不断攀升,而且人们对一篇可接受的科研论文的定义也在不断变化㊂因此,在19世纪,对局部的地质进行研究本身就可以形成一种有价值的研究㊂而在20世纪,如果局部的研究能够被专业人员接受,那么它必须体现或思考更广阔的地质面貌,而且这种倾向越来越明显㊂另一方面业余人员继续以旧的方式从事局部的研究㊂这样一来,总的结果是业余爱好者想在专业地质学期刊上发表文章就更难了,而被广泛使用的论文评审制度又进一步强化了这一结果,该制度先是在19世纪的国家级刊物上实行,后又在20世纪被一些地方级地质学刊物所使用㊂这样发展的必然结果是出现针对专业的读者和业余读者的不同杂志㊂一个颇为相似的分化过程已经导致专业的地质学家走到一起组成一到两个全国性的专业学术社团,而业余地质爱好者们倾向于要么仍留在地方社团,要么也以另一种方式组成全国性机构㊂虽然职业化和专业化过程在19世纪的英国地质学领域中已经得到迅速发展,但是它的效果在20世纪才充分显示出来㊂然而,从科学这个整体来看,19世纪必须被视为科学结构发生变化的关键时期㊂P a s s a g e2现在越来越多的人开始关注所谓信息差异 即世界被划分为信息富裕阶层和信息贫困阶层㊂这个差异的确存在,我和我的妻子20年前就对这个隐约出现的危险做过演讲㊂但那时还看不清楚的是一些消除数字化差异的㊁新的积极因素㊂有值得乐观的理由㊂有技术上的理由希望数字化差异会缩小㊂随着互联网越来越商业化,普及上网对商家是有利的 毕竟上网人数越多,潜在的客户就越多㊂越来越多的政府担心它们的国家被抛在后面,都愿意扩大互联网的普及率㊂10年到20年后,这个星球上的10亿至20亿人口将被联结在一起㊂因此,我相信数字化差异在未来的几年将会缩小,而不是扩大㊂那是一个很好的消息,因为互联网将很可能成为我们用来对付贫穷的最有力的工具㊂当然,使用互联网不是击败贫困的唯一方法㊂互联网也不是我们拥有的唯一工具,但它有巨大的潜力㊂为了利用这个工具,一些贫困国家就必须克服它们过时的针对外国投资的反殖民偏见㊂那些仍然认为外国投资是侵犯主权的国家应该好好地研究一下美国的基础设施建设史㊂当美国建设自己的工业基础设施时,缺乏必要的资金㊂那就是为什么美国的第二次浪潮基础设施 包括道路㊁港口㊁高速公路㊁码头等等 都是利用外资建设的㊂英国人㊁德国人和法国人都在这块前英国殖民地投资㊂他们投入资金,移民参加建设㊂想想看现在谁拥有这些基础设施?美国人㊂我相信这种事对巴西或其他所有的地方都一样㊂你拥有用以建设第三次浪潮基础设施(即电子基础设施)的外国资金越多,你就将越富裕㊂这并不意味着甘愿受辱或被愚弄,或者让外国公司毫无限制地经营㊂但它的确意味着要认识到外资在建设能源和通讯基础设施中的重要性,这些基础设施是充分利用互联网所必须的㊂P a s s a g e3为什么如此多的美国人不相信自己在报纸上读到的东西?美国新闻编辑协会正在试图回答这个痛苦的问题㊂这个组织正深深地陷入一个长期的自我分析过程:即新闻可信度调查工程㊂遗憾的是,这一调查最终仅发现了一些低层次问题,如事实错误和拼写及语法错误,和这些低层次发现交织在一起的还有许多令人挠头的困惑,譬如读者到底想读些什么㊂但是不信任的根源要比这深得多㊂记者们都学着用一套标准的模式去看世界,并把每天的新闻装入这个模式之中㊂换句话说,在新闻编辑室文化中存在着一套约定俗成的写作模式,它为纷繁复杂的新闻提供了一个主干构架和一套现成的叙事方式㊂在新闻从业人员与读者之间存在着社会与文化方面的隔阂,这或许正是新闻编辑室中的 标准模板 与众多读者的意趣相差甚远,甚至背道而驰的原因㊂在最近的一次调查中,问卷被送到了全国五个中等城市和一个大城市区域的记者手中,然后随意地给这些区域的居民打电话,问他们同样的问题㊂这些问题显示,与一般的美国人相比,记者更有可能居住在富人区,拥有仆人,拥有奔驰车,炒股,而不大可能去教堂,做志愿者工作,或扎根于某个社区㊂记者们往往属于广义上所说的社会和文化精英的一部分,因此他们的工作往往反映了这些精英的传统价值观㊂公众对新闻媒体的惊人的不信任并非源于不准确或蹩脚的报道技巧,而源于记者和读者的世界观的日常冲突㊂这对于任何一个行业来说,都是一个容易引起激烈争论的形势,特别是对于一个日趋衰落的产业㊂这里是一个困境中的行业在不停地雇用员工,而这些员工的观点总体上使客户感到恼火㊂然后它出资组织研讨会和可信度调查工程,全是为了回答为什么顾客恼火了,为何会顾客大范围流失㊂但它仿佛从来没有注意到他们从前的顾客所抱怨的文化的和社会阶层的偏见㊂如果它注意到了这一点,那么它会进一步开放其多样化方案(目前该方案只注重种族和性别),并且雇用那些世界观㊁价值观㊁教育水平和社会阶层大相径庭的记者㊂P a s s a g e4世界正在经历一场从未见过的巨大的兼并浪潮㊂这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国席卷到欧洲,并以不可比拟的威力影响到正在崛起的国家㊂这些国家的许多人看着这个浪潮,忧心忡忡, 企业合并的浪潮会不会导致产生一种不可控制的反竞争力量?无疑,大企业正在变得更大㊁更强㊂跨国公司在1982年只占有国际贸易不到20%的份额㊂目前,这个数字上升到25%,并且还在迅速上升㊂在那些对外开放并欢迎外资的国家的经济中,国际分公司在国民生产中形成一个快速增长的部门㊂比如,在阿根廷,经过90年代初的改革之后,跨国公司在200家大型企业的工业生产中从43%增加到几乎70%㊂这一现象引起了人们对小型公司和民族商业家的作用以及世界经济的基本稳定性的极大关注㊂我相信,推动这次巨大的并购浪潮最主要的力量,也是推动全球化进程的力量:运输与通讯费用的降低,贸易与投资障碍的减少,以及市场的扩大和为满足市场需求生产的扩大㊂所有这些对消费者来说都有益而无害㊂随着生产力的提高,世界的财富也就增长了㊂目前这场合并浪潮的利与弊并无多少实例㊂但是很难想象当今的几家石油公司的合并能够再次给竞争带来威胁,正如100年前美国标准石油托拉斯被解散时人们曾担心的那样㊂通讯公司的合并,如世界通讯公司,似乎没有给消费者带来更高的费用,或者降低技术进步的速度㊂在汽车行业,合并也同样在增加 看看戴姆勒与克莱斯勒,雷诺与尼桑 但仿佛消费者并未受到伤害㊂不过事实仍然是,我们必须关注这场合并运动㊂几星期以前,格林斯潘对银行业的巨大合并发出了警告㊂如果如此巨大的银行出现,谁来充当最终的借贷者,发挥监督㊁管理和运作的作用?当一个国家对破坏公平竞争的行为的处理过于严格时,跨国公司会不会把它们的产业从一地转到另一地?另外,在事情将影响所有国家的情况下,如美国政府与微软公司的诉讼案,一个国家是否应该独自担负起 保护竞争 的责任㊂P a s s a g e5在我决定放弃全职工作的时候,我怎么也没有想到我会成为一个国际流行趋势的一部分㊂由于一次平级的工作调动伤害了我的自尊,阻碍了我的事业发展,促使我放弃了那份相对体面的工作,而我却像一位面子扫尽的政府部长一样通过声称 我想多和家人呆在一起 来掩饰我辞职的原因㊂奇怪的是,在经过两年半的时间,写了两部小说之后,我所亲历的美国人称之为 放慢生活节奏 的实践已使我老掉牙的借口变成了无疑的现实㊂我已经从 拥有一切 哲学的极力倡导者 L i n d aK e l s e y过去的七年中一直在‘她“杂志上倡导这样的哲学 变成了一个心满意足㊁知足常乐的女人㊂我已经发现,也许由于过度劳累而从编辑职位退下来的K e l s e y也会发现:放弃 忙忙碌碌 的人生信条并转而追求放慢生活节奏的做法带给你的回报,比金钱和社会地位更有价值㊂没有任何理由能够说服我回到K e l s e y曾经倡导㊁我曾经喜欢的那种生活:12小时的工作日㊁压力巨大的期限㊁办公室明争暗斗带来的可怕的压力和在 最佳时期 做母亲的限制㊂颇具讽刺意义的是,追求比较悠闲的生活 在美国还被称为 自愿简朴 竟然孕育了一个或许可被命名为 反消费主义 的全新领域㊂对于那些希望简化其生活的人来说,有许多畅销的有关放慢生活节奏的自学书籍;也有诸如‘守财奴简报“这样的简讯,给成千上万的美国人提供包罗万象的实用小窍门,从循环再利用胶带到自制肥皂;甚至还有帮助团体,帮助那些希望按照90年代中期逃避社会现实的方式生活的人㊂在美国,这一潮流原是经济衰退的一种反应 80年代后期的经济萎缩造成了大量失业 并仍然与勤俭节约的生活作风相联系,而在英国,至少在我所认识的中产阶层的 放慢生活节奏者 中,寻求简化生活的理由是不同的㊂对于我们这一代在80年代为生活奔波的女人来说,90年代中期出现的放慢生活节奏与其说是寻求一种神话般的美好生活 用有机肥种植蔬菜,试图与大自然合二为一 还不如说是认识到自身能力是有限的这一事实㊂P a r t I V E n g l i s h-C h i n e s eT r a n s l a t i o n在不到三十年的时间里,‘星际旅行“的全息舱面就会成为现实㊂大脑神经系统和计算机之间的直接连接还会创造出全方位感受虚拟环境,使电影‘全部回忆“中展示的虚拟假期成为可能㊂(71)届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车㊂一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规),监控器就会使其停驶㊂(72)儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具,人们将在气味电视机前休闲,届时数字化时代就要来到了㊂根据英国电信的未来学家I a nP e a r s o n做出的预见,这些都在新千年头几十年发展计划之列,届时,超级计算机将急剧加速各个生活领域的发展㊂(73)P e a r s o n汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果,编制了一个独特的新技术千年历,它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期㊂一些最重大的进展将出现在医学领域,包括人类预期寿命的延长和数十种人造器官将在现在到2024年之间陆续实现㊂P e a r s o n还预言,在计算机与人的连接上会有一个重大突破㊂他说: 通过直接与我们的神经系统相连,计算机可以知道我们的感觉,并且有希望模仿感觉,这样,我们就能够发展全方位感知环境,就像电影‘全部回忆“中的虚拟假期或特列克星号上的全息舱面㊂ (74)但皮尔森指出,这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始: 它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步,最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人㊂通过研究,皮尔逊能够预言大多数突破的发生时间㊂然而,对于何时能够进行超光速旅行,何时人类克隆技术能够得以完善,何时可以进行时间旅行,却依然没有预见㊂但他的确预见了技术进步引起的社会问题㊂比如,到2010年,住宅区附近监视器数量的剧增将引发问题;仿真机器人意味着人类可能无法区分同类朋友和这些机器人伙伴㊂(75)家用电器将会变得如此智能化,以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病 厨房狂躁症㊂。
高考英语语法详解：名词短语作连词用法(附真题解析)
高考英语语法详解：名词短语作连词用法（附真题解析）2001年普通高等学校春季招生考试（北京、内蒙古、安徽卷）英语试题第14小题是：—Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her？—Yes，I gave it to her ____ I saw her．A．while B．the moment C．suddenly D．once此题答案为B。
考查名词短语作连词用法，the moment（that）表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，强调主句谓语所表示的动作紧接着从句动作之后发生，其中that通常省略。
现就常用的名词短语作连词用法分别作以归纳。
1．the first time表示“第一次”，引导表语从句时，强调到说话时为止某一情况或动作的次数，主句中系动词是is，从句谓语用现在完成时态；主句中系动词是was，从句谓语用过去完成时态。
例如：①This is the first time he has been late this term．这是他本学期第一次迟到。
②That was the first time I had gone to work．那是我第一次上班。
the first time表示“第一次……时”，引导时间状语从句，从句中谓语用一般过去时态，侧重点不是要说第一次做了什么，而是要叙述另一情况或动作。
例如：①The first time Mr Brown came to China he visited the Great Wall．布朗先生第一次来中国时就游览了长城。
②The first time I saw him，he was reading a book．我第一次见到他时，他在看书。
the first time表示“第一次……的情景”，引导宾语从句，从句谓语用一般过去时来表示。
例如：Do you remember the first time we met？你还记得我们第一次见面的情景吗？（S-II-95）【考例】①I thought her nice and honest ____ I met her．A．first time B．for the first timeC．the first time D．by the first time（'98Shanghai，Key：C）②—Do you know our town at all？—No，this is the first time I ____ here．A．was B．have been C．came D．am coming（'92MET，Key：B）2．the minute（that）表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，强调主句的动作紧接在从句的动作之后发生，其中minute可以用moment或instant替换，that通常省略，从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时，相当于as soon as，immediately，directly等。
2001年高考英语试题及答案(北京、安徽卷)
高中英语语法总结组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。
He likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
一般可分为两类：1)，简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
We study for the people.我们为人民学习。
2)，复合谓语：情态动词+不定式I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。
My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。
We like English.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
如：We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。
形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。
He is a new student.他是个新生。
但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。
The bike in the room is mine.房间里的自行车是我的。
英语专四语法词汇真题2001年答案及解析
英语专四语法词汇真题-2001 年答案及解析41.I can't go—for one thing,I have no money,and___ I have too much work.A.what's moreB.as wellC. for anotherD.in addition41.C 本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。
what's more意为"更甚的是";as well意为"也";for one thing…for another…意为"一则……再则……";in addition*此外"。
根据句意，选项C为正确答案。
句意∶我不能去，一则我没钱，再则我手头上的事情太多。
42.Even as a girl,___to be her life,and theater audiences were to be her best teacher.A. performing by Melissa wereB. it was known that Melissa's performances wereC. knowing that Melissa's performances wereD. Melissa knew that performing was42.D 本题为语法题，考查对句式结构的理解。
从整个句子没有找到主语，由Even as a girl可知a girl 是主语的同位语，主句中的主语应与其保持一致，只有D 项符合语法和句式要求。
句意∶即使在她还是一个小姑娘的时候，梅丽莎就知道表演将成为她的生活，戏剧观众将成为她最好的老师。
43.___ him tomorrow?A. Why not to call onB. Why don't call onC. Why not calling onD. Why not call on43.D 本题考查对习惯用法的掌握。
2001年6月大学英语四级试题 3词汇结构 及注释 (2)
2001年6月大学英语四级试题词汇与结构Part ⅢVocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letteron the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.31. By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ____ here for two days.A) will have stayedB) shall stay C) have been stayingD) have stayed32. According to the American federal government, residents of Hawaii have the longest life ____: 77.2 years.A) rank B) span C) scale D) scope33. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the time they werefinished ____.A) had lost B) would have lost C) would lose D) should have lost34. As a public relations officer, he is said ____ some very influential people.A) to knowB) to be knowing C) to have been knowingD) to have known35. Our hopes ____ and fell in the same instant.A) arose B) raised C) rose D) aroused36. With the development in science and technology man can make various flowers ____ before their time.A) be bloomed B) bloom C) bloomed D) blooming37. A season ticket ____ the holder to make as many journeys as he wishes within the stated period of time.A) entitles B) grants C)presets D) promises38. ____ in the office had made a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.A) Someone B) Some C) Anyone D) One39. In recent years much more emphasis has been put ____ developing the students productive skills.A) onto B) in C) over D) on40. Only a selected number of landladies in the neighborhood have been allowed by the university to take in____.A)residents B) settlers C) lodgers D)inhabitants41. The fire was finally brought under control, but not ____ extensive damage had been caused.A) before B) since C) after D) as42. Purchasing the new production line will be a ____ deal for the company.A) forceful B) tremendous C) favorite D )profitable43. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert ____ it means standing in a queue all night.A) as if B) even if C) provided D) whatever44. We hadn't met for 20 years, but I recognized her ____ I saw her.A) the momentB) for the moment C) the moment whenD) at the moment when45. Though he was born and brought up in America, he can speak ____ Chinese.A) fluid B) smooth C) fluent D) flowing46. Government reports, examination compositions legal documents and most business letters are the mainsituations ____ formal language is use.A) in which B) at what C) on which D) in that47. Fifty years ago, wealthy people liked huntin g wild animals for fun ____ sightseeing.A) rather than to goB) more than going C) other than goingD) than to go48. If the building project ____ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.A) being completedB) is completed C) to be completedD) completed49. He wrote an article criticizing the Greek poet and won ____ and a scholarship.A) faith B) status C) fame D) courage50. Jack wishes that he ____ business instead of history when he was in university.A) studiedB) study C) had been studyingD) had studied51. The older New England villages have changed relatively little ____ a gas station or two in recent decades.A) except for B) in addition to C) except D) besides52. The Car Club couldn't ____ to meet the demands of all its members.A) assume B) ensure C) guarantee D) confirm53. Extensive reporting on television has helped to ____ interest in a wide variety of sports and activities.A) assemble B) generate C) yield D) gather54. The president promise to keep all the board members ____ of how the negotiations were going on.A) inform B) informing C) be informed D) informed55. Eating too much fat can ____ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.A) attribute to B) attend to C) contribute to D) devote to56. All the tasks ____ ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week.A) been fulfilledB) having been fulfilled C) were fulfilledD) had been fulfilled57. This article ____ more attention to the problem of cultural interference in foreign language teaching andlearning.A) cares for B) applies for C) allows for D) calls for58. He was punished ____ he should make the same mistake again.A) unless B) provided C) if D) lest59. Petrol is refined from the ____ oil we take out of the ground.A) crude B) fresh C) rude D) original60. ____ in the United States, St. Louis has now become the 24th largest city.A) Being the fourth biggest cityB) It was once the fourth biggest city C) Once the fourth biggest cityD) The fourth biggest city it was【答案】【注释】31. 正确答案为A 。
2001年英语一考研真题
2001年英语一考研真题英语一考研真题是考生备战考研英语的重要资料之一，对于了解历年考研英语试题的出题趋势、题型特点以及备考技巧具有重要的参考价值。
下面将对2001年英语一考研真题进行详细讲解和分析，帮助考生更好地了解该年份的考试情况。
2001年英语一考研真题分为五个部分：词汇与结构、阅读理解、完型填空、翻译和写作。
每个部分都是考察考生英语综合能力的重要环节，以下将逐一进行分析。
第一部分：词汇与结构。
该部分共有20个小题，涵盖了词汇选择、语法填空等内容。
这部分考察考生对于常见词汇和语法知识的掌握程度。
建议考生抓住重点词汇和常用的语法结构进行复习，关注动词时态、语态、虚拟语气、名词单复数和动词的用法等。
第二部分：阅读理解。
该部分共有3篇阅读理解，每篇阅读理解后面有5道小题。
考生需要仔细阅读文章，理解文章主旨和细节信息，同时解答相关问题。
此部分考察考生的阅读理解能力和把握信息的能力。
建议考生在备考过程中多进行文章阅读训练，提高阅读理解的速度和准确度。
第三部分：完型填空。
该部分包含一篇短文，共有20个空格需要考生填写正确的词语或短语。
此部分考察考生对文章整体逻辑和语境的理解，需要根据上下文推测出合适的选项。
建议考生在备考过程中多做完型填空题，提高对文章的整体理解和语境推测的能力。
第四部分：翻译。
该部分有两个英译汉的翻译题和两个汉译英的翻译题。
这部分考察考生的翻译能力和语言表达能力。
建议考生积累词汇和短语，关注常见的翻译困难点，多进行翻译练习，提高翻译的准确性和流畅度。
第五部分：写作。
该部分包含了三个作文题目，考生需要选择其中一个进行写作。
作文题涵盖了社会热点和普遍关注的话题，要求考生有较强的论述和表达能力。
建议考生在备考过程中多进行作文练习，积累素材，提高写作能力和语言表达水平。
总结起来，2001年英语一考研真题的特点是：知识点覆盖广泛、题型丰富多样、题量适中、难度适中。
备考过程中，考生应注重建立对于英语语法和词汇的扎实基础，了解阅读理解的解题技巧，同时加强写作和翻译能力的训练。
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2001年上海海运学院攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目: 英语语法1.Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition or adverb particle:(10)(1)The first days of school are meant to orient the freshmen ____ campus life.(2)His writings were reminiscent ____ ancient classic writers.(3)If the weather isn't too cold, people sit _____ front.(4)Her heart was rent _______ grief.(5)The price of gasoline climbed way _____.(6)Her desire for domination ____ the others caused trouble in the family.(7)I have a little money laid ___ for a rainy day.(8)You place me in something ____ a dilemma.(9)Mr. Jones is very orthodox ____ his attitude to Shakespeare.(10)Cathy was particular ______ the jewellery she wore.2.Correct errors, if any, in the following sentences without altering the basic intended meaning. Leave out those you deem acceptable:(15)(1)Statistics tells part of the story.(2)The dinner is cooking.(3)The soldiers dispersed along a wide front.(4)Walking through the park, the daffodils looked very beautiful.(5)He was furious at his command to be disobeyed.(6)Is she qualified for a doctor?(7)In the Foreign Languages Bookstore is to find books in various languages.(8)He listened only distractingly to my advice.(9)No one except my parents know anything about it.(10) His power is in wane now that the war is over.(11)Though reducing in numbers, they gained with fighting capacity.(12)There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage.(13)He dislikes having to ask a favor to anyone.(14)Coward as he was, Bob ran back at the sight of the enemy.(15)The car accident was owing to the driver's carelessness.3.Put the verbs (in the brackets) into the proper forms: (15)(1)A:Your hands are dirty!B:Well, I ____ (repair) my bike.(2)He is worthy _____(take) the position.(3)Peter didn't mention _______ (meet) you.(4)She could do nothing but _____ (weep).(5)If he _____ (receive) six more votes, he ____ (be) our chairman now.(6)Leave off ______ (bite) your nails.(7)Scarcely I ____ (step) out of the house when I _______ (hear) a shot within.(8)He is very easy _____ (convince).(9)I must remember ________ (remind) him that the garden needs ______ (watering).(10)It is highly desirable that every effort ______ (make) _______ (reduce) expenditure and that every member of the staff ____ (economize) whenever possible.(11)I suspect that we ____ (follow) so I turned round to have a look form time to time.(12)I dread _______ (think) what will become of her.(13)I appreciate ____(give) this opportunity.(14)He didn't feel like _____ (work), so he suggested _____ (go) out for a walk.(15)Your composition leaves much _____ (desire).bine each group of sentences into one by means of subordination and in the most logical and coherent way:(10)(1)The weather keeps fine. I see no season why the village fete should not be a success.(2)I lost my pen somewhere. The auditorium might be the place.(3)He couldn't go to medical school. First he had to get his B.A. degree.(4)We should mainly rely on our own efforts. (Simultaneously) we should not close our doors to international exchanges.(5)The Chinese government has resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong. This is consolation to numerous revolutionary martyrs and veterans. It has wiped out the century-old humiliation of the Chinese nation.5. Rewrite the following using suitable non-finite clauses, verbless clauses, or absolute constructions: (15)(1) If we consider it as a work of art, the building is rather disappointing.(2)The tree had fallen across the road. It had been uprooted by the gale.(3)The criminal removed all traces of his crime. He left the building.(4)The watchman reported that he had found the door open.(5)He sat down. He wiped his forehead and smiled complacently. His good humor was quite restored.6. Translate the following into English: (15)(1)他告诉我昨天晚上她可能在洗东西.(2)那个女人我们以为是她,结果却是她的姐姐.(3)我知道我随时可以找你帮忙, 这对我来说是个极大的安慰.(using an appositive clause)(4)我们的缺点,不管是什么人,谁向我们指出都行.(5)他不会游泳,就像我不会飞一样.7.Write an essay of no fewer than 300 words with "Cultivating Good Study Habits." You should not only try to use causal analysis and examples to develop your thesis but also try to demonstrate your good command of the English syntactic devices of coordination and subordination（20）。