电子教案5

Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook ThreeUnit Five: HealthPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions.1.What do you usually do to keep fit?2.What do you think are the criteria of being healthy?3.Do you know anything about the body clock? How is it related to our health?▇Answers for reference:1.Possible answers:a. to eat nutritious food;b. to do exercises regularly;c. to have a positive attitude towards life;d. to enjoy good interpersonal relationships, etc.2.Being healthy is a comprehensive matter. We can judge a healthy person from three differentperspectives: physical health, mental health and interpersonal relationships. First of all, a healthy person is free from any illness and has enough energy to do his / her daily work.Second, he / she does not suffer from any mental problem and is strong enough to face challenges. Last but not least, he / she gets along well with people around him / her.3.The body clock, or the biological clock, refers to the internal biological mechanism whichcauses our body to automatically behave at regular times of the day, such as sleeping or eating. The body clock is important for health. It controls our body temperature, hormones, blood pressure and other important body systems. So following your body clock can help you reduce tiredness and increase work efficiency, etc.Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about health. Which quote(s) do you like best? Why?Francis Bacon⊙A healthy body is the guest-chamber (房间) of the soul; a sick, its prison.—Francis Bacon Interpretation:Physical health and mental health are closely related. A sick body will certainly affect one‟s mood, attitude and character, etc. Here, Francis Bacon compares the sick body vividly to a prison which greatly hampers (妨碍) the development of one‟s spiritual life.About Francis Bacon (1561-1626): an English politician, philosopher, writer and one of the leading figures in natural philosophy and scientific methodology in the period of transition from the Renaissance to the early modern era. He was the precursor (先驱) of English empiricism (经验主义) and advocated inductive (归纳的) reasoning. His most famous publications are Essays (《随笔》) and The Advancement of Learning (《学术的推进》).Joseph Addison⊙Cheerfulness is the best promoter of health and is as friendly to the mind as to the body.— Joseph Addison Interpretation:Moods have great influence on both our physical and mental health. As has been proved in medical science, we are less vulnerable to illnesses when we are in a cheerful mood. A good mood is the key to mental health.About Joseph Addison (1672-1719): an English writer, best known for the essays he wrote in The Tatler (《闲谈者》) and The Spectator (《观察者》).Charles Caleb Colton⊙Money is the most envied, but the least enjoyed. Health is the most enjoyed, but the least envied.— Charles Caleb Colton Interpretation:By using four superlatives, Colton points out the paradox of people‟s attitudes towards money and health. We tend to envy those who possess more money, but those who possess more money may not feel happy and satisfied. In contrast, we seldom feel envy for those who enjoy good health, for good health can only be enjoyed by those who possess it.About Charles Caleb Colton (1780-1832): an English clergyman and author. He wrote a large body of writings in his short life, which ended with suicide after an illness. His aphorisms (格言，警句) about friendship, integrity (正直, 诚实), wealth, and knowledge are often cited even to this day.John D. Rockefeller, Jr⊙Giving is the secret of a healthy life. Not necessarily money, but whatever a man has of encouragement and sympathy and understanding.— John D. Rockefeller, JrInterpretation:As a great philanthropist (慈善家), Rockefeller Jr. believes that giving and caring for others will bring you a healthy life. What you offer to others may not necessarily be money or material comforts. Spiritual care such as encouragement, sympathy and understanding is equally good and can also serve as the key to a healthy life.About John D. Rockefeller, Jr (1874-1960): an American philanthropist, the only son of John D. Rockefeller, Sr. and heir to the Rockefeller fortune. He gave the UN the land for its headquarters, and built the Rockefeller Center, a large group of buildings in New York City.Section C Watching and DiscussionWatch the following video clip “Fitness” and do the tasks that follow:1. Fill in the missing words according to what you hear from the video clip.A body/age assessment is a measurement of your cardiovascular fitness, your strength, your flexibility and your risk factors. And it gives you a number which is your fitness age compared to your chronological age.Any fitness exam should include some time on a treadmill, to test your heart health and stamina. A complete fitness snapshot adds about 45 minutes to your exam, but leaves you with a new perspective on your well-being.2. What can we learn from John Humphrey? (Open.)Script：Fitness May Be Part of Your PhysicalThe next time you visit your doctor for a physical, don‟t be surprised if they ask you to move.“When most patients or most people get their wellness exams, they‟re sitting down on an exam table. They‟re not doing anything physical. So if you really want to know if you‟re healthy, you do some sort of a fitness assessment,” says Dr. Sal Lacagnina, vice president of health and wellness with Lee Memorial Health System.More and more, fitness exams are being incorporated into the yearly checkup.“We do this thing called a body/age assessment, which is a measurement of your cardiovascular fitness, your strength, your flexibility and your risk factors. And it gives you a number which is your fitness age compared to your chronological age,” says Dr. Lacagnina.You‟d be hard-pressed to guess how old John Humphrey is. He takes care of his body, and it‟s taking care of him.“I‟m 92 years old. The secret is right here in this workout center,” says John Humphrey.Any fitness exam should include some time on a treadmill, to test your heart health and stamina. A complete fitness snapshot adds about 45 minutes to your exam, but leaves you with a new perspective on your well-being.“As we get older we really need to know …Are we healthy? And a re we fit?‟ Because those are the things that are going to bring you into your later years in a healthy way,” says Dr. Lacagnina.“I push myself to do it. I mean some people love it. I don‟t. So I make sure that I keep on my schedule,” says Humphrey.It‟s about staying fit and adding years to your life.Part II Listen and RespondSection A Word BankIn this section you will listen to a short passage entitled “AIDS Education”. The following words and phrases may be of some help.AIDS n. [U] Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; a very serious disease caused by a virus which breaks down the body‟s natural defences against infection 艾滋病，获得性免疫缺损综合征HIV n. human immunodeficiency virus; the virus which causes the disease AIDS 人体免疫缺损病毒，艾滋病病毒infection n. [C; U] the act or result of infecting, or a disease spread by infecting传染，感染；传染病ignorant a. not knowing facts or information that you ought to know无知的virus n. a living thing even smaller than bacteria which causes infectious disease in the body, in plants, etc. 病毒cure n. [C, U (for)] treatment or substance that cures; remedy [常与for连用]疗法；药物transmit vt. [(to)] send or pass from one person, place, or thing to another [常与to连用]传播，传染positive a. (of a medical test) showing signs of the presence of a substance or growth （医学试验）阳性的HIV-positive 艾滋病检查呈阳性的community n.the people living together and / or united by common background, nationality, etc. 团体；社区Section B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements according to the information contained in the listening passage.1)One of the reasons for the annual increase in HIV infections is that____________.A) people show little concern about HIVB) no effective cure for AIDS has been found yetC) people are unaware of the danger of HIVD) there is no way to prevent HIV from spreading2) The first reason given for AIDS education is _____________.A) to prevent new infections from taking placeB) to help people know where HIV infections may happenC) to tell people how to protect themselves from HIV and AIDSD) to tell people about the two processes of prevention from HIV infections3) The second reason for AIDS education is _____________.A) to curb the HIV infectionB) to ask hospitals to offer more helpC) to improve the quality of life for HIV-positive peopleD) to give financial aid to AIDS patients4) The third reason for AIDS education is _____________.A) to reduce the fear of HIV and AIDSB) to bring down the death rate of AIDSC) to prevent the spread of HIVD) to protect HIV-positive people or AIDS patients5) The purpose of the passage is ____________.A) to explain why we should overcome the fear of AIDSB) to criticize schools for neglecting AIDS educationC) to prove that the danger of AIDS has been overstated (夸大)D) to give the reasons for AIDS education▇Answers:1) C 2) A 3) C 4) A 5) DSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details▇Listen to the passage again and fill in the blanks according to what you have heard.1) A survey in the UK found recently that a third of teenagers thought there was a ___________________ ____________. So education is important in ____________ _______ __________ of HIV.2)There are TWO processes to prevent new HIV infections: one is to give people________________ about HIV and the other is to teach people how to this information to and it practically.3)HIV-positive people need to get ________________ and ______________________. And they also need to find appropriate ________________ and ________________ support and help.4)Many people fear those who are HIV-positive. Some extreme cases can be found in____________, where AIDS patients _________ __________ . ▇Answers:1) A survey in the UK found recently that a third of teenagers thought there was a“cure” for AIDS. So education is important in preventing the spread of HIV.2) There are TWO processes to prevent new HIV infections: one is to give people information about HIV and the other is to teach people how to put this information to use and act on it practically.3) HIV positive people need to get medical services and drug supplies. And they also need to find appropriate emotional and practical support and help.4) Many people fear those who are HIV-positive. Some extreme cases can be found in India, where AIDS patients were burned to death_.Script:AIDS EducationEach year there are more and more new HIV infections. This shows that people either aren‟t learning the message about the dangers of HIV, or are unable or unwilling to act on it. Many people are dangerously ignorant about the virus. A survey in the UK found recently that a third of teenager s thought there was a “cure” for AIDS. So education is important in preventing the spread of HIV.There are three main reasons for AIDS education, the first of which is to prevent new infections from taking place. This actually consists of two processes: first, giving people information about HIV — what HIV and AIDS are, how they are transmitted, and how people can protect themselves from infections; then teaching people how to put this information to use and act on it practically.A second reason is to improve the quality of life for HIV-positive people. Too often, AIDS education is only aimed at how to curb the HIV infection. But the needs of HIV-positive people are often neglected. HIV-positive people have varying needs, but among them are the need to be able to get medical services and drug supplies and the need to be able to find appropriate emotional and practical support and help.The third reason is to reduce fear. In many countries there is a great deal of fear of people who are HIV-positive. In some extreme cases in India, AIDS patients were burned to death. Fear can only help AIDS to spread. You see, if people are fearful of being tested for HIV, then they are more likely to pass the infection to someone else without knowing it. So AIDS education benefits both AIDS patients and the rest of the community.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1: Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1)Why does the author describe Charles Winget and his wife in the first paragraph?2)How would behavioral scientists explain the differences between Charles Winget and hiswife?3)What are “circadian rhythms” according to Franz Halberg?4)How does the study of chronobiology benefit people in general?5)What approach has been developed to help a person recognize his body‟s patterns?6)How should we arrange our mental and physical work according to the author?7)What tips does chronobiology offer for effective dieting?8)What tips for sleep problems are offered in the text?▇Answers for reference:1)Because she intends to show that people‟s bodies operate at different speeds.2)Behavioral scientists would say that such differences were caused by personal eccentricitiesor early conditioning.3)According to Franz Halberg, circadian rhythms are the regular daily patterns of our body.That is, our systems work on an approximately 25-hour cycle. Sometimes our body speeds up, and sometimes it slows down. It achieves peak efficiency for only a limited time each day.4)Chronobiology tells people how to coordinate their activities with their biological capacitiesso that they can achieve their best with the least effort.5)Winget and his associates have developed a simple approach. It is to record 6 readings of aperson‟s temperature all through the day and put the readings on graph paper. The rising or falling patterns of the temperature can be recognized as his body‟s patterns.6)Physical work can be best done when our rhythms are at their peak. In most people, this peaklasts about four hours. For mental activities, the timetable is more complicated. Precision tasks such as mathematical work are best tackled when your temperature is on the rise. For most people, this is at 8 or 9 a.m. By contrast, reading and reflection are better done between2 and 4 p.m., which is the time when body temperature usually begins to fall.7)Eating breakfast rather than dinner helps to lose weight, because calories burn faster in themorning than in the evening.8)Three tips are offered. The first is that we should go to bed at the same time every night andget up at the same time every morning, even on weekends. The second is that the best way to recover from a bad night‟s sleep is simply to resume your normal cycle. And the third tip is that we should beware of sleeping pills, as m ost sleeping pills won‟t work for periods longer than two weeks and there is real danger of drug accumulation in the blood.Exercise 2: Text A can be divided into four parts. Now write down the paragraph number(s) of each part and then give the main idea of each in one or two sentences.Part Para(s). Main IdeaOne 1-4 Our bodies operate with the complexity of clocks. FranzHalberg, a physician-biologist, discovered that there is a25-hour cycle in the body with the body systems runningwith regular patterns. Halberg called these regular patterns“circadian rhythms.”Two 5-6 Circadian principles have already been used to scheduleastronauts‟work and it is expected that the work inchronobiology will be applied to increasing our efficiencyin daily activities.Three 7-17 Taking the given approach to figure out our body‟s patterns,we can then take advantage of chronobiology techniques toimprove our health and productivity in such aspects of lifeas our daily work, dieting, taking medicine and sleeping. Four 18 It is important to keep regularity in all aspects of our lifeand learn to act in synchronization with our body‟s naturalrhythms.Section B In-Depth StudyHave you ever wondered why some times each day you achieve greater efficiency than other times, why you are aware more keenly of aches and pains, and why it is easier for you to fall asleep? Actually it’s all because your body’s time clock is at work.Set Your Body’s Time Clock to Work for YouBarbara Rowes1.As the first rays of sunlight filter over the hills of California‟s Silicon Valley, Charles Winget opens his eyes. It is barely 5 a.m., but Winget is raring to go. Meanwhile, his wife pulls up the covers and buries her face under the pillow.“For the past fifteen years,” says Winget, “we‟ve hardly ever gotten up together.”2.The Wingets‟ situation is not uncommon. Our bodies operate with the complexity of clocks, and like clocks, we all run at slightly different speeds. Winget is a morning person. His wife is not at her best until after nightfall.3.Behavioral scientists long attributed such differences to personal eccentricities or early conditioning. This thinking was challenged in the late 1950s by a theory labeled chronobiology by physician-biologist Franz Halberg. In a Harvard University laboratory, Dr. Halberg found that certain blood cells varied predictably in number, depending on the time of day they were drawn from the body. The cell count was higher at a given time of day and lower 12 hours later. He also discovered that the same patterns could be detected in heart and metabolic rates and body temperature.4.Halberg‟s explanati on: instead of performing at a steady, unchanging rate, our systems function on an approximately 25-hour cycle. Sometimes we are accelerating, sometimes slowing down. We achieve peak efficiency for only a limited time each day. Halberg called these regular patterns “circadian rhythms.”5.Much of the leading work in chronobiology is sponsored today by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Charles Winget, a NASA research physiologist and authority on circadian rhythms, says that circadian principle s have been applied to astronauts‟ work schedules on most of the space-shuttle flights.6.The space-age research has many useful applications here on earth. Chronobiologists can tell you when to eat and still lose weight, what time of day you‟re best equipped to handle the toughest challenges, when to go to the dentist with your highest threshold of pain and when to exercise for maximum effect. “It‟s a biological law of human efficiency: to achieve your best with the least effort, you have to coordinate the demands of your activities with your biological capacities,” Winget says.7.Circadian patterns can be made to work for you. But you must first learn how to recognize them. Winget and his associates have developed the following approach to help you figure out your body‟s patterns.8.Take your temperature one hour after getting up in the morning and then again at four-hour intervals throughout the day. Schedule your last reading as close to bedtime as possible. You should have five readings by the end of the day.9.Now add your first, third and fifth readings and record this total. Then add your second and fourth readings and subtract this figure from the first total. That number will be an estimate of your body temperature in the middle of the night. Consider it your sixth reading.10.Now plot all six readings on graph paper. The variations may seem extremely small — only one-tenth of a degree in some cases —but they are significant. You‟ll probably find that your temperature will begin to rise between 3 a. m. and 6 a. m., reaching a peak sometime in the late morning or early afternoon. By evening the readings start to drop. They will steadily decline, reaching their lowest points at around 2 a.m.11.Of course, individual variations make all the difference.At what hour is your body temperature on the rise? When does it reach its highest point? Its lowest? Once you have familiarized yourself with your patterns, you can take advantage of chronobiology techniques to improve your health and productivity.12.We do our best physical work when our rhythms are at their peak. In most people, this peak lasts about four hours. Schedule your most demanding activities when your temperature is highest.13.For mental activities, the timetable is more complicated. Precision tasks, such as mathematical work, are best tackled when your temperature is on the rise. For most people, this is at 8 or 9 a.m. By contrast, reading and reflection are better pursued between 2 and 4 p.m., the time when body temperature usually begins to fall.14.Breakfast should be your largest meal of the day for effective dieting. Calories burn faster one hour after we wake up than they do in the evening. During a six-year research project known as the Army Diet study, Dr. Halberg, chronobiologist Robert Sothern and research associate Erna Halberg monitored the food intake of two groups of men and women. Both ate only one, 2000-calorie meal a day, but one group ate their meal at breakfast and the other at dinner. “All the subjects lost weight eating breakfast,” states Sothern. “Those who ate dinner either maintained or gained weight.”15.If foods are processed differently at different times of the day, certainly caffeine, alcohol and medicines will be too. Aspirin compounds, for example, produce the greatest effect in the morning, between 7 and 8. (So does alcohol.) They are least effective between 6 p.m. and midnight. Caffeine has the most impact around 3 in the afternoon. Charles Walker, Dean of the College of Pharmacy at Florida A & M University, explains, “Stimulants are most eff ective when you are normally active, and sedatives work best when you‟re naturally sedate or asleep.”16.Knowing your rhythms can also help you overcome sleep problems. Consult yourbody-temperature chart. Your bedtime should coincide with the point at which your temperature is lowest. This is between 11 p.m. and 2 a.m. for most people.17.Dr. Michael Thorpy of the Sleep-Wake Disorders Center at Montefiore Medical Center in New York City offers other circadian sleep tips: go to bed at the same time every night and get up at the same time every morning, even on weekends. “Irregularity in sleep and waking times is the greatest cause of sleep problems,” Dr. Thorpy says. The best way to recover from a bad night‟s sleep is simply to resume your normal cycle. Beware of sleeping pills. “Most sleeping pills won‟t work for periods longer than two weeks,” warns Dr. Thorpy. And there is real danger of drug accumulation in the blood.18.Knowing your body‟s patterns is no guarantee of good health. But what chronobiology reveals is the importance of regularity in all aspects of your life and of learning to act in synchronization with your body‟s natural rhythms.▇课文参考译文设定你的生物钟为你效劳芭芭拉·罗斯1 当第一缕曙光映照在加利福尼亚硅谷小山上空，查尔斯·温格特就睁开了双眼。