【最新原创】阅读理解 说明文&议论文专练(答案)
初中说明文阅读理解(7篇)
初中说明文阅读理解(7篇)During the Middle Ages。
which is known as the "darkest" d in European history。
the outbreak of the Black Death in the late d earned it the title of the "darkest d of the Middle Ages." In the 1420s。
the Black Death began to XXX symptom of this epidemic was the appearance of many black spots on the patient's skin。
so this terrifying plague was called the "Black Death." For those who were infected with the disease。
a painful death was almost unavoidable。
and there was no possibility of a cure.In 1346.the Black Death spread to the southern part of Russia's XXX 1347.rats carrying the XXX Sicily。
XXX with the disease。
In January 1348.the Black Death invaded the port cities of XXX was hit the hardest。
with 55,000 out of 95,000 people dying。
The French XXX infected with the Black Death。
说明文阅读（通用13篇）
说明文阅读（通用13篇）说明文阅读篇1一、阅读能力要点1、整体把握文章的大致内容，弄清说明对象。
2、准确抓住说明事物的具体特征。
3、分析、识别文章的说明方法，并弄清其在文中的作用。
4、具体分析语言的准确性。
正确理解词语在句中的意义和作用，准确地对词语的限制、修饰作用进行评析。
5、了解和识别各种说明顺序。
6、理解文艺性说明文的特点。
7、把握段落的中心句、关键语句。
二、重点、难点1、1、说明对象特征的把握。
2、2、重点掌握举例子、列数字、作比较等说明方法和说明方法在文中的作用。
3、3、学会分析说明文语言的准确性。
4、4、逻辑顺序的判别。
三、解题指导（一）、说明对象与特征的把握说明文是对客观事物、事理进行介绍、解说的一种文体。
它要求对事物的特征作出直接的说明。
所谓特征，就是指这一事物区别于其他事物的标志。
对特征的介绍或说明，一般不要求我们去作形象的描绘，或者发表什么看法。
无论是事物性的说明文还是事理性的说明文，被说明对象的特征总是说明的核心，只有把握了说明对象的特征，才能更好地了解被说明的事物、事理。
正确地把握说明事物的特征，往往可从以下几个方面加以考虑：1、要区分说明文的类型。
由于说明对象的不同，说明文既包括事物性的说明文，又包括事理性的说明文。
这两者是不同的。
一般说，事物性的说明文，常从事物的形状、性质、方位、构造、类别、功能等方面进行说明；事理性的说明文则常从概念、原理、成因、规律、联系等方面进行说明。
因此，只有先区分了说明文的类型，从大类上进行了划分，才能较为确切地去了解它是从哪个方面进行说明的，这是掌握有关方法的基础。
2.要能准确地把握说明的对象。
事物性的说明文首先要通过阅读来了解文章倒底在说明什么。
如下文说明的对象是“蚯蚓”。
例1、蚓生活在土壤中，以腐殖有机物和泥土为食。
凡经它吞入而排出的泥土均成团粒结构，增强土壤的透气性和透水性。
而且它排出的粪便是一种良好的有机肥料，富有硝酸盐、酸盐和钾盐，可以改变酸性或酸性土壤，使其变成中性，对农作物的生长极为有利。
说明文专项阅读理解（20篇）
说明文专项阅读理解（20篇）说明文专项阅读理解（20篇）一．现代文阅读（共20小题）1．阅读下文，完成下列各题。
真假近视都是不可逆的王凯①近年来，我国青少年近视患者呈现低龄化、度数高的特点，严重影响身心健康。
一项全国学生体质健康调研结果显示，我国7﹣12岁小学生、13﹣15岁初中生、16﹣18岁高中生及19﹣22岁大学生的视力不良率分别为45.71%、74.36%、83.28%和86.36%。
很多家长认为假性近视或低度的真性近视是可逆的。
在门诊中，经常有近视患儿家长问：“有没有什么方法能让孩子的视力恢复正常？”而在调查中，居然有近五成的家长不知道近视是不可逆的。
②【A】事实上，如果是真性近视，无论中低度还是高度近视，都不可逆。
【B】假性近视实际上是调节痉挛，是由于长时间高强度近距离用眼，导致睫状肌持续紧张收缩不能放松所致。
【C】对这种类型的“近视”，通过放松调节，多看远处，必要时辅以睫状肌麻痹药物使用是可以恢复部分视力的。
【D】但需要指出的是，所谓假性近视，不过是即将步入近视的一种过渡状态，临床上很少有一直能维持视力而不近视的青少年近视患者。
【E】到目前为止，全世界还没有发现任何一种方法能够逆转真性近视或者阻止假性近视转变成真性近视。
【F】现有的任何方法，都只能延缓近视发生的时间和进展速度。
③青少年近视的发生和进展，并非一朝一夕。
刚出生的婴幼儿都是远视眼，一般而言，4﹣5岁的孩子应该具备200度左右的远视储备，6一8岁的孩子应当具有100度到150度的远视储备。
所有近视眼的发生，都是从远视储备消失的那一刻开始的，尽管此时双眼的视力可能是1.0甚至更好。
当远视储备消失后，由于青少年身体还在生长发育，眼轴会继续拉长，就必然会发展成近视眼。
因此，远视储备的珍惜和维护，在近视防控中至关重要。
有的孩子上学期视力还是1.0，才过了半年就变成0.5了。
其实，这种视力的急剧下降并不突然，因为从半年前远视储备消失开始，近视就启动了。
阅读理解之说明文15篇
阅读理解之说明文15篇The mascots of the 19th Asian Games—Lianlian, Congcong, and Chenchen—have made their global debut（亮相）. They welcome everyone to join in the event with their enthusiasm and hospitality while expressing the sporting spirit of the 19th Asian Games to the world.The three robotic figures represent three different facets of Hangzhou’s rich heritage. Lianlian is a mirror of the West Lake, Congcong shows the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City, while Chenchen characterizes the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.The mascot Lianlian takes on the colour of nature, green, as its main tone to represent the West Lake, which is a freshwater lake in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. The popular scenic spot is famous for its picture-like scenery, amazing buildings, and eco-friendly environment. There are small islands, temples, pagodas（佛塔）and gardens showing the qualities of traditional Chinese buildings.As a symbol of Hangzhou, the West Lake keeps impressive views and historic relics that have influenced many poets and painters throughout Chinese history. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011. Surrounded by plenty of trees, various plants and flowers, the West Lake attracts a large number of visitors every year. In particular, the blooming lotus flowers of summer offer an unbelievable picture-like scene. The mascot Lianlian’s name comes from the beautiful lotus leaves found there. Also, the lotus is a symbol of purity, nobleness and peace in Chinese culture.Lianlian’s lotus leaf-shaped cap looks like scenic view of the West Lake. Its pure, lively and elegant image show a graceful, harmonious and open mindset—a spirit the mascot aims to express.1．What colour is the main tone of Lianlian?A．Yellow. B．Pink. C．Green. D．Blue.2．When can visitors see the lotus flowers?A．In spring. B．In summer. C．In autumn.D．In winter.3．What can we learn about the West Lake from Paragraphs 3 and 4?A．It is a saltwater lake in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Rrovince.B．Its views and historic relics have affected singers and dancers.C．It is known for its modern temples, pagodas and gardens.D．It became a UNESCO World Heritage twelve years ago.4．What spirit does Lianlian express?A．A graceful, enthusiastic and pure attitude. B．A graceful, noble and peaceful attitude.C．A graceful, harmonious and open attitude. D．A graceful, lively and elegant attitude. 5．What will the article probably talk about in the following paragraphs?A．Introduction to the sporting spirits of the 19th Asian Games.B．Introduction to other facets of Hangzhou’s rich heritage.C．Introduction to the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City.D．Introduction to Congcong and Chenchen in detail.When you think of the sea, you may not think of Xinjiang. In the public impression, Xinjiang is often remembered as somewhere far from the sea with long hours of sunlight, a vast Gobi desert, and mountains with an extremely dry climate, unsuitable for seafood production due to the massive amount of water required.However, Xinjiang now welcomes a big harvest of local “seafood”, such as shrimp and crabs. The most important thing for aquatic products(水产品) is water. Xinjiang has many rivers and lakes with water from the melting snow and glaciers(冰川) of the Tianshan Mountains. “With the mountains on the side, there is no industrial pollution and agricultural pollution, which keeps the water clean and favors the growth of the fish,” said L i Chunyu, the head technician of the local trout farm.Also, land in Xinjiang has a lot of salt. This is not good for growing crops. But “one man’s trash is another man’s treasure”. The land makes the underground water salty. People turn the salty water i nto “man-made seawater”. They then use it to raise sea fish, shrimp and crabs.Many people are worried about the safety of seafood because of the nuclear-contaminated water. Some even feel desperate since they may no longer enjoy any seafood. Luckily, according to the Department of Agriculture, in 2022, the total output value of Xinjiang’s fishery industry reached 4. 2 billion yuan ($580 million), an increase of 921 million yuan compared to 2019. Now, some of Xinjiang’s “seafood” goes to many cities in Ch ina. It also goes to countries in SoutheastAsia. It turns out that Xinjiang’s “seafood” is becoming a new and favorable choice for seafood lovers.6．Why is the public impression of Xinjiang mentioned in Paragraph 1?A．To introduce the climate and location of Xinjiang.B．To lead in the real situation of local “seafood” in Xinjiang.C．To describe the seafood industry in China.D．To explain the reason why Xinjiang has poor seafood production.7．Which word can replace the underlined word “trash” in Paragraph 3?A．Wealth. B．Pleasure. C．Garbage. D．Possessions.8．Which of the following makes it possible to raise sea fish in Xinjiang?①water from melting snow and glaciers②the sea water from the underground③the salt in the land④less pollutionA．①②③B．①③④C．②③④D．①②④9．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．Xinjiang’s seafood industry is developing better.B．People are pleased with the current safety of seafood.C．Xinjiang’s “seafood” remains to be the only choice for seafood lovers.D．There are many different types of seafood for people to choose.10．What can we learn from the passage?A．Xinjiang’s harvest of seafood brings good news to seafood lovers.B．The nuclear-contaminated water has caused a lot of pollution.C．The tourist industry in Xinjiang is well-developed.D．People give different opinions on Xinjiang’s harvest of seafood.FOLLOWING his “Reflection” exhibition in 2012, Chinese designer Han Jiaying will open his new exhibition at the He Xiangning Art Museum in Nanshan District on Saturday.The exhibition, titled “Han Jiaying’s Design A-Z,” will showcase (展示)Han’s works, including graphic design, installations and photography. His new works from the past ten years will be spotlighted (特别关注), and his continuous practice with characters, objects and forms will also be featured through a large number of manuscripts (手稿).Recreating Chinese characters is the key part of Han’s design. During his school days, he began using Chinese characters to express his creative style. His early posters systematically presented his evolving perspectives on Chinese characters.Han is a member of the AGI and a visiting professor at the City Design School of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. Born in Tianjin in 1961, Han studied at the Xi’an Academy of Fi ne Arts in 1982 and taught at the Xi’an Polytechnic University in 1986.He has won the Design for Asia Awards’ Grand Award Gold Medal and was named one of Forbes’2015 China’s Most Influential Designers. He is dedicated(致力于)to designing experiments with graphics and text, and his works are collected by international art institutions like the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg, and the Museum für Gestaltung Zurich.Dates: 28 Oct. -17 Dec.Hours: 9:30 a. m. -5 p. m., closed MondaysVenue: He Xiangning Art Museum, Nanshan DistrictMetro: Line 1 to OCT Station, Exit C11．When will “Han Jiaying’s Design A-Z” end?A．On 18 October. B．On 28 October. C．On 17 December. D．On 27 December. 12．What is the most important part of Han’s d esign?A．Using creative styles. B．Repeating old characters.C．Creating classical characters. D．Recreating Chinese characters.13．What can we learn about from the last two paragraphs?A．Han’s birthday. B．Han’s family.C．Han’s honours. D．Han’s dream.14．How long will Han’s new exhibition be open on 30 October?A．For 0 hours. B．For 6.5 hours. C．For 7.5 hours. D．For 8.5 hours.15．Where is the passage probably taken from?A．A storybook. B．A newspaper. C．A travel guide. D．A fashion magazine.With the new regulations and rules on after-school training, many institutions (机构) are looking for new ways to transform. In Shenzhen, English AI study room has become a popular choice and formed a new trend.English AI study room is a complete English learning platform with different projects. Unlike regular institutions, English AI study room not only offers shared study rooms but also provides various creative and useful study projects.First, AI shared study room is one of the main projects of English AI study room. It uses AI technology to offer learners a personalized plan and AI tutoring ( 辅导). Moreover, learners can chat and share ideas with each other in the study room, which helps them improve their English skills together.English AI study room has also introduced a bilingual reading room where students can read current news in both Chinese and English. This platform includes well-known articles that can help students improve their reading skills and learn about different cultures. The platform also allows students to translate articles between Chinese and English, making it easy for them to understand and learn.Furthermore, English AI study room offers word cards, English library, bilingual study camps, and other interesting projects. These projects assist learners with their English and provide them with more practical services as well. For example, word cards can help learners memorize ( 记忆) vocabulary, English library offers a wide range of reading materials, and bilingual study camps provide activities and cultural exchange opportunities.English AI study room presents a fresh and creative way for institutions to transform their educational practices. Its appearance meets the various needs of English learners and provides educational institutions with space for growth, which hopefully, is becoming a new trend. 16．What is the difference between English AI study room and regular institutions?A．It offers opportunities for studying at home.B．It provides creative and useful study projects.C．It has AI technology to read daily English news.D．It provides personalized tutoring.17．What can learners do in the AI shared study room?A．Improve their Chinese language skills.B．Enter a library of English books.C．Receive lessons from human teachers.D．Chat and share ideas with other learners.18．What is the meaning of “bilingual” in paragraph 4?A．A study project. B．Translating articles.C．Able to use two languages. D．Reading current news.19．Which of the following projects is NOT mentioned in this passage?A．Word cards for memorizing vocabulary.B．An English library with reading materials.C．Yoga classes for physical exercise.D．Bilingual study camps for activities and cultural exchange.20．According to the last paragraph, what does the English AI study room provide for institutions?A．Growth opportunitiesB．Cultural exchange opportunitiesC．Practical servicesD．AI technology for tutoringJIUQUAN SA TELLITE LAUNCH CENTER, China China sends off its youngest-ever team for its space station on Thursday. It is part of the country’s plan to put astronauts on the moon before 2030.The China Manned Space Agency said the average（平均的）age of the three﹣member team is the youngest since the launch of the space station. Their average age is 38, state media China Daily said. The three astronauts are Tang Hongbo, and Jiang Xinlin. They will replace a team that has been on the station for six months. The new team will perform experiments in space medicine, space technology（设备）inside and outside the station.In 2022, the Chinese government built its own space station after it was not permitted to join the U. S. led International Space Station. The Americans worried that the Chinese space program was under the control of the People’s Liberation Army.China’s first manned space mission（任务）in 2003 made it the third country after the former Soviet Union and the U.S. to put a person into space using its own resources.Although the American space program is believed to be far ahead of China at this time, China has made some important steps. They include bringing back samples（样本）from the moon’s surface for the first time and landing a vehicle（运载工具）, meanwhile, aims to put astronautsback on the moon’s surface by the end of 2025.In addition to their moon programs, the two countries have also independently（独立地）landed vehicles on Mars. And China plans to follow the U. S. in landing a spacecraft on an asteroid（行星）.21．When does China plan to put astronauts on the moon?A．Before 2030. B．Before 2025. C．Before 2040. D．Before 2050.22．What can we learn about the three astronauts?A．They stayed at the station for six months.B．They will do experiments in different areas.C．They are the youngest astronauts at the age of 38.D．They will use the equipment to repair the station.23．Why did China build its own space station?A．China was controlled by the American space program.B．China wanted to challenge the US in space exploration.C．China wanted to have control over American space program.D．China was not allowed to join the International Space Station.24．Which is the main idea of Paragraph 5?A．China lands a vehicle on the far side of the moon.B．China brings ba ck samples from the moon’s surface.C．China has taken important steps in space exploration.D．China put astronauts on the moon’s surface before 2030.25．What have both the U. S. and China achieved in their space programs?A．They landed vehicles on Mars independently.B．They built a joint International Space Station.C．They landed a spacecraft on an asteroid.D．They launched their first manned space missions.Many people spend more than four hours per day on WeChat, and it is redefining (重新定义) the word “friend”. Does friending someone on social media (社交媒体) make him or her your friend in real life?Robin Dunbar, a professor at Oxford University, found that only 15, of the 150 Facebook friends the average user has, could be counted as actual friends and only five as close friends. WeChat may show a similar pattern.Those with whom you attended a course together, looked for the same parttime job and went to a party take up most of your WeChat friends. In chat records, the only message may be a system notice, “You have accepted somebody’s friend request”. Sometimes when seeing some photos shared on “Moments”, you even need several minutes to think about when you became friends. Also, you may be annoyed by mass messages (群发信息) sent from your unfamiliar “friends”.You would have thought about unfriending this type of “friends” and sort out your connections. But actually you did not do that as you were taught that social networking (建立关系网) is valuable to one’s success. Besides, it would be really embarrassing if t hey found that you have unfriended them already. Then, you keep increasing your “friends” on social media and click “like” on some pictures that you are not really interested in. But the fact is that deep emotional (情绪的) connections do not come with the increasing number of your friends on social media.If the number of your friends reaches 150 on social media, maintaining (保持) these relationships can be difficult for you, and sometimes will even make you anxious. According to Robin Dunbar, 150 is the limit of the number of people with whom one can maintain stable social relationships online.26．What can we learn from Robin Dunbar’s findings in Paragraph 2?A．A Facebook user has about 250 friends on average.B．Most of the social media friends can be actual friends.C．Among our social media friends, only a few people matter.D．Only 15 people of a person’s Facebook friends can be close friends.27．What does Paragraph 3 tell us about most WeChat friends?A．People have deep emotional connections with them.B．People benefit a great deal from their mass messages.C．People become friends with them at important events.D．People seldom chat with them after accepting friend requests.A．Removing unfamiliar friends on WeChat.B．Building up ties with your WeChat friends.C．Clicking “like” on pictures posted on Moments.D．Keeping increasing your friends on social media.29．What can we infer from the last 2 paragraphs?A．It is difficult to maintain stable relationships with anxious people.B．If we are good at networking with people, we will certainly succeed.C．We should make friends with more successful people on social media.D．Making more friends online may not make us more emotionally connected.30．Which is the best title for the passage?A．Ways to Develop Emotional Connections with PeopleB．The Limit of the Number of Friends People Can HaveC．How Many Friends People Can Have on Social MediaD．Robin Dunbar’s Suggestions on Making Friends OnlineThanks to the hard work of companies like Californiabased Orbital Assembly Corporation (OAC), space tourism is well on its way to coming true. Now, the company is working to provide a chance for space visitors to “get out of the world” by checking into the world’s first true hotel in low Earth orbit (轨道).The Voyager Space Station (VSS) will be made up of two rings. The inside circle will be fitted with spacecraft stations for guests while the outside ring will house the rooms, restaurants, bars, gyms and scientific research labs. The hotel which is powered by the Sun will travel at high speed to create artificial (人造的) gravity, providing tourists with a comfortable stay. When completed, it will have rooms for up to 400 people.Though the idea is attractive, making VSS a reality will cost time and money. Moving the VSS to space will cost thousands of millions of dollars. However, OAC believes that they will recoup the money by asking $5 million per person for each 3-day stay. Though the cost may seem too high, it is cheap compared to the 55 million it costs to stay on the ISS (International Space Station). Besides, guests at the VSS will be living in the greatest conditions (环境).“You’re going to have the top cooks,” OCA CEO John Blincow told the Washington Post. “There’ll be two shows every night as well.” Visitors will also be able to take part in the activitiesthat are not possible on Earth such as spacewalks which allow visitors to admire views of the Earth and space.If everything goes according to plan, the company plans to start work in 2026 and welcome the first visitors in 2027.31．What do we know about the V oyager Space Station?A．It will be powered by electricity. B．It will be made up of two squares.C．It can provide relaxing living conditions. D．It can tra vel fast to get away from Earth’s gravity.A．Pay off. B．Give away. C．Get back. D．Use up.33．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A．Moving the VSS to space will cost much money.B．There will be labs in the inside circle of the VSS.C．The VSS plans to welcome the first visitors in 2026.D．The VSS will have rooms for no less than 400 people.34．Why are John Blincow’s words mentioned in Paragraph 4?A．To speak highly of the hard work of ISS. B．To show the highend service of the VSS.C．To stress the importance of exploring space. D．To describe what life will be like in the future.35．What is the main idea of the passage?A．It costs lots of time and money to travel to space.B．Travelling to space has long been humans’ dream.C．Space tourism has been welcomed since its beginning.D．The world’s first space hotel hopes to welcome visitors.Fu Lei’s Family Letters is a book of letters written by Chinese translator and writer Fu Lei to his elder son Fu Cong, who is a famous pianist. Between 1954 and 1966, Fu Cong spent a lot of time away from home training as a piano player. As a result, writing letters became Fu Le i’s usual way of communicating with his elder son. Fu Min, Fu Lei’s younger son edited (编辑) the letters and the book was published in 1981.The book displays（展示）Fu Lei’s family tradition and value. To Fu Lei, the purpose of education of a person, is to make that person useful to society. Fu Lei praised his son Fu Cong after winning a piano competition. Fu Lei wrote, “We are happy because you make your country proud. I am so excited when I think about your future. You will make great progress and serve more people, encourage them and heal them.”In the family letters, Fu Cong was also advised to read famous Chinese texts. When reading these books, Fu Cong was told to link ideas and feelings together, for that would help him become a better person.To Fu Lei, learning to be a good person comes before any academic（学术的）training. In 1954, Fu Lei wrote, “Everyone should be a good person before becoming an expert in any area. Otherwise, that person will not achieve much, no matter how knowledgeable he or she is.”F u Lei’s Family Letters has a great influence on people in China. The book helps many young students understand how they should live their lives.36．Who edited Fu Lei’s family letters?A．Fu Cong. B．Fu Min. C．Fu Lei. D．A translator.37．What can we learn from Fu Lei’s Family Letters?A．People in the 1950s communicated with each other by books.B．Praising children after taking part in a competition is important.C．It’s difficult for parents to make their children well educated.D．Fu Lei’s family tradition and v alue are shown in the book.38．What did Fu Lei think of Fu Cong’s future?A．It would be hopeful. B．It would be doubtful.C．It would be difficult. D．It would be interesting.39．Why was Fu Cong advised to read famous Chinese texts?A．To be a richer man. B．To get more good ideas. C．To help more people. D．To become a better person.40．Where can we probably read the passage?A．In a travel guide. B．In a comic book. C．In a newspaper. D．In a fashion magazine.China’s biggest solar-powered drone (太阳能无人机), Qimingxing-50 or Morning Star 50, finished its first test flight in September, 2022. The drone was built by the Aviation Industry Corporation of China .Drones have been used for quite a few years now. There are different ways of increasing the flying time. However, all these methods become less useful compared with the unlimited (无限的) power provided by the Sun. That’s why researchers have been working to make solar-powered drones that can not only stay in the air for longer but also perform more tasks while in the sky.In 2018, China tested the first version of Morning Star, which was 91 feet wide. Made from a special kind of plastic, the drone was so light, weighing only 41 pounds. Compared with it, the Morning Star 50 is much larger and has a wingspan (翼展) of 164 feet.On September 3, Morning Star 50 took off from an airport in Yulin City in the Shanxi province in northwest China and landed back 26 minutes later after a smooth flight. Staff told some local reporters that all flight systems worked normally. This is a good start for future flights of the solar-powered drone that could last for many days or even months at a time.In the US, Airbus has been testing the Zephyr solar-powered drones for the past few years. Its latest version, the Zephyr S, came close to breaking the record for the longest flight. It stayed in the air for 64 days. Unluckily, the drone fell onto the ground only a few hours before it would have set a new record.41．Which one is an advantage of solar-powered drones researchers want?A．They’re cheaper than others. B．They can fly in bad weather.C．They fly at a higher speed. D．They can stay in the air for longer.42．What made the first version of Morning Star light?A．Its look. B．Its material.C．The power it uses. D．The tasks it performs.43．What can we know about Zephyr S?A．It failed to land smoothly. B．It flew for only a few hours.C．It set a new record in the US. D．It had been tested for many years.44．What’s the main purpose of the text?A．To compare different drones. B．To report a drone’s test flight.C．To discuss drones’ future. D．To tell the importance of drones.45．Which one of the following statement is TRUE?A．The flying time of drones powered by nuclear is the longest.B．Solar-powered drones can only perform one task at a time while in the sky.C．Morning Star landed smoothly after a 26-minute flight.D．The Zephyr S finally set a new record.From AI-made jokes to Harry Potter fashion videos, AI can be used to make funny stuff. But can it be as funny as a human? And if it can, will it take the place of comedy writers in the future? That’s something performers have been looking at in this year’s Edinburgh Festival Fringe（爱丁堡边缘艺术节）, running from Aug 4 to 28.Anyone can put on a show at the Festival, and this year even robots were getting in on the act. One of the Festival’s big shows even used a small robot to come up with jokes from audience suggestions, which were then performed by humans. The results could be very funny, but sometimes they weren’t funny at all. That was part of the poi nt, explained Piotr Mirowski, the show’s co-maker.Comedian（喜剧演员）Pierre Novellie said that it will take a long time for AI to get good at creating comedy. “Comedy is the last thing that AI is going to get near.” Pierre told Sky News. “Even human comedians have difficulty telling their jokes for the right people at the right time. But that’s what’s interesting about stand-up and fun.”But Comedian Peter Bazely at the Festival said he’s using AI to make jokes for him because he’s out of ideas. “In today’s wor ld, many artists are worried that AI could end up doing their jobs for them, but I actually hope that AI will do exactly that one day.”The reasons for people wanting to use AI are certainly understandable, but the dangers they bring to many people’s jobs are becoming more and more real, and that’s not very funny. From worries in schools and colleges about students using ChatGPT for their work, to writers and actors worrying that AI could be used to replace them, fears about the dangers of AI are a hot topic in the world.46．What can we know about this year’s Edinburgh Festival Fringe?A．It lasted for over a month. B．Even robots took part in the show.C．All the jokes from the robots were very funny. D．Everyone used AI to make jokes at thefestival.mean?A．Creating comedy is still very difficult for AI. B．Comedy is a good way for AI to get near humans.C．AI is able to create good comedy now. D．AI successfully created comedy at last at the Festival.48．Which of the following might Comedian Peter Bazely agree?A．It will take a long time for AI to get good at creating comedy.B．In today’s world, few artists are worried that AI could do their jobs for them.C．AI brings dangers to many people’s jobs.D．It is a good idea that AI will do many artists’ jobs one day.49．What is probably the writer’s attitude （态度）towards AI?A．Supportive. B．Certain. C．Worried. D．Excited.50．What is the structure of this passage?A．①/②/③④/⑤B．①②/③④⑤C．①/②/③④⑤D．①②/③/④⑤As a teenager, do you feel helpless when having problems with your parents? Chen Zanzao, a 17-year-old boy from Shenzhen, has created a charity community （慈善团体）called Dearparticipants （参与者）.Chen’s idea was inspired by the three-child policy . “My friend Sina and I thought it would bring problems like parental favoritism （父母偏心）,” Chen said. “Most families still don’t know any met hods to deal with this.”They started to research both scientific parenting styles and people’s needs. They read a lot of studies on the topic and surveyed more than 1,000 people. They found that the healthiest family relationships are when parents take an active part in their children’s lives.They then founded the community to spread the idea. “We hold lectures and discussions as well as go on radio and TV programs to spread useful information,” Chen said.Chen and his friend Sina would do one-on-one conversations with people who felt。
阅读理解说明文篇(五)
阅读理解篇（四）说明文（21）To help you decide what might make a good pet，we’ve put together a pet checklist．We’ve named some of the animals that are often kept as pets．We’ve shown some good points and bad points about each．And we hope it may help you make the best choice(选择)．61．You are ________ to keep a raccoon as a pet in many places of America.A．suggested B．encouraged C．not allowed62．It，would be easier for you to keep a ________ as a pet if you’re often too busy to take care of it．A．rabbit or raccoon B．rabbit or cat C．raccoon or dog63．If you feed birds at home，you should be very careful to choose a ________ as your anotherpet．A．rabbit B．raccoon C．cat64．The dog may ________ you if you make it angry．A．hurt B．fix C．train65．The writer tries to help us ________ with the checklist．A．learn how to look after our petsB．find which animal is our best choice as a petC．know what kind of animals can be kept as a pet（22）Every 30 seconds there is an earthquake．But don’t worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt．Only a few big ones hurt people．Many earthquakes happened in China，such as the big one in Sichuan last month．Thousands of people died in it．So it’s important to know what to do when one hits．Here are some tips on how to stay safe in an earthquake．1．If you are indoors during an earthquake。
说明文阅读 10 篇
说明文阅读10 篇（一）说窗“窗”字，初创时为“囱”，是个象形字。
《说文解字》中说：“囱，在墙曰牖（音y ou，窗子），在屋曰囱。
象形。
”远古先民的穴居之口开在屋顶，既是门，又是窗，所以，甲骨文的“窗”为原始形态“洞口”（窗）的直观白描。
后来，“窗”字才变为由“穴”和“囱”两部分组成的字形。
钱钟书先生在一篇关于“窗”的散文中写道：“窗可以算房屋的眼睛。
窗子打通了大自然和人的隔膜，把风和太阳逗引进来，使屋子里也关着一部分春天，让我们安坐了享受，无须再到外面去找。
”这段话形象地道出了窗的最本质功能：给房屋以阳光、空气、清风与视眼。
窗，具有审美功能，最能表现中国传统建筑之美。
对于人，“眼睛是灵魂的窗户”，对于房屋，窗户则是建筑灵魂的眼睛。
窗户是会说话的，是有表情的，它所流露出的人情味也特别令人回味。
在浩如烟海的古典诗词中，窗是词人吟咏不尽的题材，自然景物是窗中永恒的画面。
“窗含西岭千秋雪，门泊东吴万里船”“来日绮窗前，寒梅著花未”这些名诗佳句，至今还广为传诵。
窗的艺术性在中国园林中更是发挥地淋漓尽致。
窗在园林中的妙用，主要通过漏窗和空窗来体现其“借景”功能。
开在圆墙上的漏窗，又称花窗，多用砖瓦空砌而成。
框中构图，形式多样，千变万化。
图案内容多为花鸟、山水或几何图形。
它本身是景，又可窗内窗外双向“借景”，极尽“漏”之能事。
不装窗扇的窗称为空窗。
空窗有方形、长方形、圆形、六角形、扇形、葫芦形等多种形式，在大面积白粉墙的衬托下显得十分典雅优美。
空窗本身不作景象，只在组景中起景框作用，窗的后面多置石峰，植竹丛、芭蕉之类，形成一幅幅小品图画，正如清代李渔在《闲情偶记》中所说：“同一物也，同一事也，此窗未设之前，仅作事物观，一有此窗，则不烦指点，人人俱作画图观矣。
”窗的这些特点为古代那些能工巧匠提供了施展才华的广阔天地，于是，窗的设计就更加活泼，造型更加丰富，且流露出更多的真性情。
然而现在，我们房屋窗户的造型几乎100%着眼于实用，窗的魅力在现代建筑中日益衰退。
中考语文阅读-说明文(通用5篇)
中考语文阅读-说明文（通用5篇）1.中考语文阅读-说明文第1篇量子棘轮棘轮，在周期力的作用下能产生单向运动。
如，用改锥连续拧带棘齿的螺丝钉，螺丝钉就会不断向深处钻。
这是向一侧倾斜的一圈棘齿产生的效应。
量子棘轮，通过一个振荡信号或随机变化信号可以实现对电子运动方向的控制，使它们完成有用运动。
在量子棘轮的研究领域居领先地位的德国科学家彼得?亨吉和他的同事认为，电子像人们预计的那样自动远离电路负极的时代很快就要结束。
亨吉兴奋的说：“你可以让电子转圈运动，或上下运动，还可以让它爬坡。
”量子棘轮能使电子在没有有向电压的环境中来回运动。
这意味它能够利用没有电线连接的电子设备指挥电子随意分流在不同的电器元件间跳跃。
随意分流的单个电子可用来储存量子信息。
经过专门设计的电路块则成为构建新一代量子计算机的逻辑门。
在低温下，处于电子通道槽底部的电子无法逾越槽两侧的壁垒，经典物理学认为，这些电子将被永久俘获。
然而根据量子理论，这些电子是能逃逸的。
电子是一种概率波，没有明确的方位，存在逃到势能壁垒之外的小概率。
它可以从两个方向贯穿棘齿型槽，如果“壁垒”极薄，贯穿概率便会大大提高。
这一理论，日前已被科学家的实验证实。
他们还指出，由于电子携带热量，量子棘轮也许可用做热力泵，给芯片的微元件降温。
对量子棘轮的研究可能有助于人体分子马达的研究。
我们身体的肌肉就是大批协调运作的分子马达，它们吸收体内化学反应释放的无方向能量，并发挥棘轮效应，否则能量之于人体便是无效的。
当然，分子马达不等同于量子棘轮。
另据报道：在量子世界运作的棘轮，不久将用于电子设备中。
生物学家正在研制量子锯齿沟槽，用以分割不同重量的脱氧核糖核酸片段。
1.下列有关“量子棘轮”的说明，不正确的一项是()A.借助无有向电压的电子设备可使电子定向分流B.具有转圈、上下乃至爬波等多种电子运动形式C.通过特定信号控制电子的流向以完成有用运动D.将促进物理学、生物化学等学科的研究与发展2.下列对第3自然段中重要信息的理解，正确的一项是()A.电子设备将得到全面更新不再使用电线连接B.量子棘轮上的电子能在不同电器元件间跳跃C.只要经过随意分流的电子就能储存量子信息D.量子棘轮将应用于新一代量子计算机的'研制3.对第4自然段中画横线语句的理解，正确的一项是()A.分子马达协调运作使其吸收的无方向能量成为定向能量以满足人体需要B.众多的分子马达协调运作使肌肉产生有效能量以适合人体各部分的需要C.肌肉在周期力的作用下完成有用的单向运动以抵消体内能量的无方向性D.肌肉将吸收的无方向化学能量进行改造再释放以补充人体所消耗的能量4.下列对文意的分析，正确的一项是()A.量子棘轮具有对电子的制导作用，因此电子不仅可以远离负极也可以自动靠近负极。
说明文阅读附答案10篇
说明文阅读附答案10篇说明文阅读附答案一②首先要了解的一个词是“PM”。
PM是“颗粒物质”的缩写，PM10代表直径小于等于10微米的悬浮颗粒，被称为粗颗粒物；PM2.5指直径小于2.5微米的悬浮颗粒，也被称为细颗粒物，它的直径还不到人的头发丝粗细的1/20。
③在现代城市里的众多污染物来源中，颗粒污染物是最常见的，也是最主要的污染来源。
一般而言，粒径2.5微米至10微米的粗颗粒物主要来自道路扬尘等。
而PM2.5产生的主要来源，是日常发电、工业生产、汽车尾气排放等过程中经过燃烧而排放的残留物，如机动车尾气、燃煤等。
有数据表明，上班高峰期汽车尾气排放能迅速提高空气中pm2.5的含量。
也有专家指出下午2点至4点，属于pm2.5浓度最低的时段。
Pm2.5粒径小，富含大量的有毒、有害物质且在大气中的停留时间长、输送距离远，因而PM2.5对人体健康和大气环境质量的影响更大。
④现代医院证明，含有高浓度超细颗粒（PM2.5）和大颗粒(PM10)的空气会对人体会产生一系列严重的健康伤害。
直径大于10微米的颗粒通常不会进入人体的肺部，因为我们的呼吸器官可以对他们进行有效的过滤和阻拦，它们只会对我们的眼睛，鼻子和嗓子造成潜在威胁。
粒径在2.5微米至10微米之间的颗粒物，能够进入上呼吸道，但部分可通过痰液等排出体外，也可能被鼻腔内部的绒毛阻挡，对人体健康危害相对较小。
而PM2.5除了本身对人体呼吸系统具有直接的刺激作用、致敏作用外，它还能侵入人体肺部，严重危害人体健康。
因为粒径在2.5微米以下的细颗粒物(PM2.5)，不易被阻挡，并且携带细菌微生物、病毒和致癌物，可抵达细支气管壁，并干扰肺内的气体交换，引发包括哮喘、支气管炎和心血管病等方面的疾病。
⑤PM2.5对空气质量和能见度有更大影响。
虽然肉眼看不见空气中的颗粒物，但是颗粒物却能降低空气的能见度，使蓝天消失，天空变成灰蒙蒙的一片，这种天气就是灰霾天。
虽然空气中不同大小的颗粒物均能降低能见度，不过相比于粗颗粒物，更为细小的'PM2.5降低能见度的能力更强。
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说明文&议论文专练Passage 1【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
“水灯节(Loi Krathong)”和“天灯节（Yi Peng）”是泰国人每年公历11月的传统节日，按照泰国传统习俗，泰国人将在当天将亲手制作的或购买的水灯放入河流中，把孔明灯放飞夜空中，以寄托心中美好的愿望和祝福。
1.C细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第二段第三句中的“families put their krathongs in the river, which will take away their worries”及第三段第二句中的“white paper lanterns are sent into the sky to get rid of bad luck”可知，泰国的灯节让人们摆脱厄运和烦恼。
故C选项正确。
2.A细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第二段第一句中的“‘krathong’ is a tiny boat”及最后两句“You can buy a krathong near the river...make a wish, and let it go.”可知，你可以在河边买小船并许愿。
故A 选项正确。
3.B细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第三段倒数第三句中的“One is free at Mae Jo University”可知，其中一个免费地点是在Mae Jo大学。
故B选项正确。
4.D主旨大意题。
【解题思路】根据文章内容可知，全文介绍的是泰国“水灯节（Loi Krathong）”和“天灯节（Yi Peng）”的由来及庆祝方式，其他三个选项均以偏概全，只有D选项概括了全文。
故D 选项正确。
Passage 2【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，主要阐明了帮助别人的重要性。
1.A细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第一段第三句“Giving also connects us to others, creating stronger communities and helping to build a happier society for everyone.”可知，给予能使我们与他人联系更密切，会帮助我们形成一个更加幸福的社会。
故选A。
2.B细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第四段内容尤其是第二句中的“It increases life satisfaction”可知，帮助他人会增加我们对生活的满足感。
故选B。
3.C细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据最后一段最后一句“Kindness really is the key to creating a happier, more trusting local community.”可知，善举是创造一个良好社区的关键。
故选C。
4.B主旨大意题。
【解题思路】通读全文尤其是第一段第一、二句“Helping others is not only good for them and a good thing to do. It also makes us happier and healthier too.”可知，本文主要介绍了帮助他人的重要性。
故选B。
Passage 3【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
北京曾经是自行车之城，随着经济增长，汽车的数量迅速增加，但也带来了环境污染和交通堵塞。
为缓解这种局面，北京推出了共享单车服务。
本文主要讲述了共享单车的外形、操作模式等。
1. D 写作意图题【解题思路】第一段主要讲述了北京曾经是自行车之城，随着经济增长，汽车的数量迅速增加，但也带来了环境污染和交通堵塞，为缓解这种局面，北京推出了共享单车服务。
所以本段旨在告诉我们北京回归到了过去的骑自行车的时代。
故选D。
2.A 词义猜测题【解题思路】根据本句中的“brightly colored”和“dotting a normally dull cityscape”以及画线部分中的“yellow, blue, tangerine”可推知，此处指共享单车的颜色。
故选A。
3.C 细节理解题【关键句】Costing as little as 7 cents per half-hour and designed to take people the last leg from public transport to their places of work or entertainment...（第二段第一句）译文：每半小时只需花费7分钱，把人们从公共交通的最后一站带到工作或娱乐场所……【解题思路】根据关键句可知，每半小时花费7分钱，因此一个半小时花费21分钱。
故选C。
4.B 细节理解题【关键句】Riding the bikes requires only a few taps on a smartphone.（第三段第一句）译文：骑自行车只需在智能手机上轻点几下就可以了。
【解题思路】根据关键句可知，使用共享单车必须要用智能手机。
故选B。
Passage 4【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了亚马逊的无售货员商店的以及运行背后的技术原理。
1.D 细节理解题。
【关键句】But before you start celebrating, the goods are not free—the cost of the purchase(s) is/are calculated electronically using “Just Walk Out” technology.（第一段最后一句）译文：但是请不要过早开始庆祝，因为这些商品不是免费的——所购物品的费用用“拿了就走”技术进行电子计算。
【解题思路】根据关键句可知，在Amazon Go购物，运用“Just Walk Out”技术可自动计算出顾客的花费。
故选D。
2.C 推理判断题。
【关键句】However, Amazon officials say they have nothing to worry about because human employees are not being displaced. （最后一段第二句）译文：然而亚马逊公司的负责人说收银员不必担心，因为人类雇员不会被取代。
【解题思路】根据关键句可知，近期收银员的岗位不会消失。
故选C。
3.A 词义猜测题。
【解题思路】根据上下文可推知，此处表示Amazon Go通过电子收据告知顾客在商场消费的每一笔交易和所花的时间。
A项意为“告知，通知”，符合语境。
故选A。
Passage 5【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Giving Tuesday的来源和发展。
1. A 细节理解题【关键句】While Black Friday and Cyber Monday help start the holiday shopping season, Giving Tuesday, which will be observed on November 28, attempts to inspire the season of giving.（第一段第一句）译文：黑色星期五和网络星期一拉开假日购物季的序幕，而在11月28日庆祝的Giving Tuesday则试图开启奉献季。
【解题思路】根据关键句可知，人们庆祝Giving Tuesday是为了激励慷慨行善的行为。
故选A。
2. C 推理判断题【关键句】These numbers can only increase as the day gains further recognition.（第四段最后一句）译文：只有这个节日获得更进一步的认可，参与国的数量才会增加。
【解题思路】根据关键句以及第四段内容可推知，到目前为止，Giving Tuesday还没有被全世界广泛接受。
故选C。
3. D 推理判断题【关键句】Though donating funds is a great way to help, there are numerous other ways to support your local community.（最后一段第一句）译文：尽管捐钱给基金会是一个很棒的助人方法，但是有很多其他的方式可以帮助你们当地的社区。
【解题思路】根据关键句以及第五段内容可知，本段中心内容是说为社会奉献有许多方式。
故选D。
Passage 6【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了几个少年真人秀节目，这类关于青少年成长故事的节目让我们看到了生活的本质和不平凡的东西，即生活的力量本身。
1.B 细节理解题。
【关键句】It covers almost every aspect of Millennials’ experiences on their path toward adolescence—their struggles with schoolwork, their relationship with peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents.（第一段第二句）译文：它涵盖了千禧一代们在通往青春期的路上几乎都会经历的方方面面——他们在学业上的努力、和同龄人之间的关系、家里弟弟妹妹的出生给他们所带来的困惑，以及他们想要和父母保持距离的强烈想法。
【解题思路】根据关键句可知，00后的成长经历包括学业与同龄人之间的关系，以及想要独立的想法。
B项没有提及。
故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。
【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句“After all, there’s no re-writing of the script and there’s no turning back—this is real life.”和第四段第一句中的“This realness can also be seen in Boyhood”可知，纪录片《零零后》和电影《少年时代》的共同点就是它们都展示了普通孩子成长的真实经历。
故选C。
3.A细节理解题。
【关键句】They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else’s life, and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them. And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance, we also can’t help but feel the cruelty of reality.（第三段第二、三句）译文：它们满足了我们围观他人生活的好奇心，我们也在人物角色身上投入了更多的感情，就像我们真的认识他们一样。