福师《现代语言学》在线作业二15秋100分答案

合集下载

福师2018.7《现代语言学》作业及答案

福师《现代语言学》在线作业二一、单选题1. ( ) refers to the juxtaposition of two elements which are semantically in opposition (orcomplementary) to each other.A. CollocationB. ReiterationC. Lexical cohesionD. Coherence2. ( ) refers to regional phonological or phonetic distinctions in speech.A.AccentB. DialectC. SentenceD. Utterance3. ( ) is the bit of spoken or written language that is produced and sent to receiver in aspecific context.A. WordB. SentenceC. UtteranceD. Morpheme4. The transformational generative grammar was proposed by ( ).A. Noam ChomskyB. JacobsonC. HalidayD. Nida5. The transformational generative grammar was proposed by ( ).A. Noam ChomskyB. JacobsonC. HalidayD. Nida6. ( ) refers to a variety of language which is appropriate for a particular situation.A. registerB. StyleC. genreD. Form7. The locutionary act ( ) refers to the act of saying something meaningful in a particular language.A. illocutionary actB. locutionary actC. perlocutionary act8. ( ) is the study of the meaning which is not included in semantics and whose interpretation is dependent on its social contexts.A.PragmaticsB. PhonologyC. DialectologyD. Morphology9. ( ) is the science that studies sounds.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Dialectology10. ( ) is a concretization of the biological and sociological aspects of arbitrariness and non-arbitrariness of language.A. ArbitrarinessB.Genetic-cultural transmissionC. Non-arbitrarinessD. Duality11. ( ) is a concretization of the biological and sociological aspects of arbitrariness and non-arbitrariness of language.A. ArbitrarinessB.Genetic-cultural transmissionC. Non-arbitrarinessD. Duality12. ( ) the main source of energy for speaking, initiating the airflow for speech, hence pulmonic airstream mechanism.A. MouthB. HeartC. NoseD.Lung13. ( ) is a morphological variant of morpheme.A.AllomorphB. WordC. SegmentD. Morph14. The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phoneme have to be ( ) similar.A.phoneticallyB. phonologicallyC. soundD. seem15. ( ) refers to the perceived regularity of prominent units in speech.B. RhythmC. TempoD. Tone16. Productivity is characterized by the feature of ( ).A. ArbitrarinessB. Genetic-cultural transmissionC. Non-arbitrarinessD. Duality17. ( ) studies the ways words are combined to form sentences in a language.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Syntax18. ( ) is a minimal unit which is formally composed of meaningless linguistic symbols at the lower level of the language.A. PhonemeB. StressC. TempoD. Morpheme19. ( ) refers to the sameness in meaning between two or more words.A. synonymyB. PolysemyC. HomonymyD. Antonymy20. The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phoneme have to be ( ) similar.A. phoneticallyB. phonologicallyC. soundD. seem21. ( ) refers to the primary and commonly accepted meaning of linguistic forms.A. Lexical meaningB. Sentential meaningC. Utterance meaningD.Literal meaning22. In the tree diagram ( ) is the point from which two or more lines descend.A. NodeB. Initial nodeC.BranchingD. Intermediate node23. Language has ( ) that distinguish it from other semiotic systems used by humans and animals.B.design featuresC. importanceD. performance24. ( ) is a minimal unit which is formally composed of meaningless linguistic symbols at the lower level of the languageA. PhonemeB. StressC. TempoD. Morpheme25. ( ) refers to the perceived regularity of prominent units in speech.A. LoudnessB. RhythmC. TempoD. Tone二、判断题1. Consonants are sounds made by a closure or narrowing somewhere in the vocal tract.A. 错误B.正确2. Hyponymy (p.226) refers to the sense relation between a more general word and a more specific word.A. 错误B.正确3. The meaning of a sentence is a simple concatenation individual lexical meanings of the words that form sentence.A. 错误B.正确4. The implementation of lexical insertion rules need to be subject to no restrictions.A.错误B. 正确5. Grammatical morpheme must be a bound morpheme.A. 错误B. 正确6. Cataphoric reference refers to the reference where the presupposed occurs in the text after the word or expression that is presupposing.A. 错误B.正确7. Duality is a concretization of arbitrariness and non-arbitrariness of language.A.错误B. 正确8. Langue is the language system that speakers of the language conform to in their verbal communication.A. 错误9. The position of nucleus in a tone-unit usually dependent on the intention that the speaker has in mind for the utterance.A. 错误B.正确10. Constituency approach is bottom-up in nature.A.错误B. 正确11. Compared to phonetics, phonology is more concerned with the organization speech sounds in relation to the conveyance of meaning.A. 错误B.正确12. In reality, two linguistic forms can be identical.A.错误B. 正确13. When a node directly descends from another, without any other nodes intervening, the hierarchical relationship between them is called immediate domination.A. 错误B.正确14. The arbitrariness of the relationship between the linguistic symbol and its referent distinguishes human language from animals’ languages.A. 错误B.正确15. Reference relates linguistic forms to some other related linguistic forms.A.错误B. 正确16. A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology.A. 错误B. 正确17. The same conjunction may indicate different cohesive relation in different contexts.A. 错误B. 正确18. Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.A. 错误B.正确19. Idiolect refers to the unique linguistic system of an individual speaker.A. 错误B.正确20. Language is entirely arbitrary.A.错误B. 正确21. Sense is the meaning that lies in the relation or contrasts among linguistic forms themselves.B.正确22. There is a three-word sentence stage is first language acquisition.A. 错误B. 正确23. Discourse analysis is more concerned with conventional implicatures than conversational onesA.错误B. 正确24. Stress may play different functions in different languages.A. 错误B. 正确25. Diphthong is treated as two vowelsA.错误B. 正确。

2015春福师语言学概论在线作业二

一、单选题（共 10 道试题，共 20 分。

）V1. “兵器”是“兵”的：A. 本义B. 中心意义C. 派生意义D. 唯一意义满分：2 分2. 下列短语结构分析不正确的是（）。

A. 哥哥弟弟是联合短语B. 牛皮鞋子是偏正短语C. 管理公司是动宾短语D. 说得明白是主谓短语满分：2 分3. 元音和辅音的本质区别在于：A. 发音时气流是否受阻B. 紧张与否C. 气流强弱D. 舌位高低满分：2 分4. 现代语言学建立于十九世纪初，以（）的产生为标志。

A. 结构主义语言学B. 转换-生成语言学C. 历史比较语言学D. 共时语言学满分：2 分5. 关于索绪尔的语言理论核心，下列说法不正确的是（）A. “语言”和“言语”不同，语言学的对象是语言。

B. 语言是一种符号系统，符号是由“能指”和“所指”结合而成的统一体。

C. 语言符号系统中的一切要素都处在组合关系和聚合关系中。

D. 语言学有共时语言学与历时语言学之分，历时比共时重要。

满分：2 分6. 世界上的语种中使用人口最多的是：A. 英语B. 汉语C. 俄语D. 法语满分：2 分7. 研究某个具体语言的语音，即研究某一种语言或某一种方言的语音情况的的语音学是：A. 普通语音学B. 专语语音学C. 历史语音学D. 实验语音学满分：2 分8. 语言可以分为底层和上层，底层是一套：A. 音位B. 语素C. 词D. 句子满分：2 分9. 语音的本质属性是：A. 生理属性10.二、多选题（共 22 道试题，共 44 分。

）V1. 语言的上层是音义结合体，即符号和符号的序列，是表义单位。

上层一般分为：A. 音位B. 语素C. 词D. 句子满分：2 分2. 语言中的文化遗迹表现为：A. 从语词的出现证明古代文明B. 从词义的变化看科学技术的进步C. 从亲属称谓了解婚姻制度D. 从借词看不同民族文化的接触满分：2 分3. 下列属于联合国正式工作语言的有（）。

A. 汉语B. 西班牙语C. 德语D. 阿拉伯语满分：2 分4. 文字与语言的共性：A. 文字和语言一样都是交际工具，也是人类伟大的创造。

福师《现代语言学》在线作业二

下载后用查找与替换查较好！福师《现代语言学》在线作业二起止时间：2013-10-18 00:00:00 ～2014-03-04 23:59:59一、单选题（共 25 道试题，共 50 分。

）1. ( ) is the study of the various aspects of the relation between language on the one hand and speakers and socieA. PragmaticsB. SociolinguisticsC. SyntaxD. Semantics满分：2 分2. ( ) refers to regional phonological or phonetic distinctions in speech.A. AccentB. DialectC. SentenceD. Utterance满分：2 分3. 'The locutionary act ( ) refers to the act of saying something meaningful in a particular languageA. illocutionary actB. locutionary actC. perlocutionary act满分：2 分4. According to ( ), language determines the framework of speaker’s perception and thought.A. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisB. Positivist theoryC. Use theoryD. Speech Acts theory满分：2 分5. ( ) are a group of words and expressions that refer to the personal, temporal or spatial characteristics of the conA. NounsB. AdjectivesC. VerbsD. Deictics满分：2 分6. 'Productivity is characterised by the feature of ( ).A. ArbitrarinessB. Genetic-cultural transmissionC. Non-arbitrarinessD. Duality满分：2 分7. ( ) is the study of the relation between language and mind, especially language acquisition and learning, and lanA. PragmaticsB. PhonologyC. DialectologyD. Psycholinguistics满分：2 分8. ( ) refers to the speed of speech.A. LoudnessB. StressC. TempoD. Tone满分：2 分9. <font face="Arial">（）studies the ways words are combined to form sentences in a language .</font>A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Syntax满分：2 分10. ( ) refers to the primary and commonly accepted meaning of linguistic forms.A. Lexical meaningB. Sentential meaningC. Utterance meaningD. Literal meaning满分：2 分11. ( ) is the first stressed syllable in the tone-unit.A. pre-headB. headC. nuclear tailD. nucleus满分：2 分12. '（）is a morphological variant of morpheme.A. AllomorphB. WordC. SegmentD. Morph满分：2 分13. ( )of language refers to the property of language in having the structure of two levels.A. ArbitrarinessB. Genetic-cultural transmissionC. Non-arbitrarinessD. Duality满分：2 分14. A ( ) is one that may be used to distinguish one speech sound from another.A. perfomationB. featureC. distinctive featureD. function满分：2 分15. ( )the main source of energy for speaking, initiating the airflow for speech, hence pulmonic airstream mechanisA. MouthB. HeartC. NoseD. Lung满分：2 分16. 'The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phoneme have to be ( ) similarA. phoneticallyB. phonologicallyC. soundD. seem满分：2 分17. ( ) is the science that studies how speech sounds are used in language to convey meanings.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Dialectology满分：2 分18. ( ) is the study of speech, focusing specially on the relation between discourse and its contexts.A. PragmaticsB. Discourse analysisC. DialectologyD. Morphology满分：2 分19. ( ) is a minimal unit which is formally composed of meaningless linguistic symbols at the lower level of the langA. PhonemeB. StressC. TempoD. Morpheme满分：2 分20. In the tree diagram ( ) is the point from which two or more lines descend.A. NodeB. Initial nodeC. BranchingD. Intermediate node满分：2 分21. ( ) is the bit of spoken or written language that is produced and sent to the receiver in a specific context.A. WordB. SentenceC. UtteranceD. Morpheme满分：2 分22. ( ) refers to a variety of language which is appropriate for a particular situationA. registerB. StyleC. genreD. Form满分：2 分23. Phonemes in contrast are differentiated and related by their ( ).A. perfomationB. featureC. functionD. distinctive feature满分：2 分24. 'The transformational generative grammar was proposed by ( ).A. Noam ChomskyB. JacobsonC. HalidayD. Nida满分：2 分25. '( ）is a concretisation of the biological and sociological aspects of arbitrariness and non-arbitrariness of languA. ArbitrarinessB. Genetic-cultural transmissionC. Non-arbitrarinessD. Duality满分：2 分二、判断题（共 25 道试题，共 50 分。

福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案

福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案一本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问本复习题页码标注所用教材为：教材名称单价作者版本出版社现代语言学教程孙丽红如学员使用其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点1.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.2.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition.3. A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains asubject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence. 4. A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by meansof syntax, lexicon, and phonology.nguage is entirely arbitrary.6.The naming theory of meaning was proposed by the ancient Greekscholar Plato.pounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.8.All utterances take the form of sentences.9.Suffixes modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change itspart of speech.10.The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.II. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement.(1.5*10=15)1.The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and theend of ____.A. tongueB. hard palateC. soft palateD. vocal cords2.Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”,“case” and so forth are called ____ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. boundC. freeD. derivational3. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted fromgeneration to generation by a process of learning, and not genetically is usually referred to as ____.A. performanceB. language acquisitionC. cultural transmissionD. competence4. The sound [s] and [z] are the results of air escaping under fricationbetween tongue and ____ before passing through the teeth.A. hard palateB. uvulaC. alveolar ridgeD. soft palate5.____ deals with language application to other fields, particularlyeducation.A. Linguistic geographyB. Applied linguisticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Comparative linguistics6. Vowels that are produced between the positions for a front and backvowel are called ____ vowels.A. openB. closeC. frontD. central7、______ is defined as a conscious process of accumulatingknowledge of a second language usually obtained in schoolsettings.A. CompetenceB. PerformanceC. LearningD. Acquisition8、______ act theory is an important theory in the pragmaticstudy of language.A. SpeakingB. SpeechC. SoundD. Spoken9. A ______ analysis of an utterance will reveal what thespeaker intends to do with it.A. semanticB. syntacticC. pragmaticD. grammatical10.The most basic element of meaning is traditionally callen______A. morphemeB. syntacticC. pragmaticD. grammaticalIII. Dissect the following words into morphemes. (2*5=10)1. though _______________ _______考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-222. speeches _________________ _____ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-223. geography ___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-224、morpheme___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-225、syntactic___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-22IV. Define the following terms. (5*6=30)1. the telegraphic stage考核知识点：language acquisition，参见P482. language考核知识点：language ，参见P33. discreteness考核知识点：discreteness参见P94. vowel考核知识点：vowel，参见P145. internal structure考核知识点：internal structure，参见P22V. Answer the following questions. (15*2=30)1. Why do we say language is arbitrary?考核知识点：arbitrary，参见P5参考答案要点：Arbitrariness in narrow sense refers to the lack of physical，logical or natural connection(i．e．the inexplicability of the relationship)between individual linguistic symbols and the meanings they symbolize．We know people use linguistic symbols which are originally meaningless to refer to something meaningful．There is no physical，’logical or natural connection between the symbolic signs used in language and the meaning they stand for．It is inexplicable．Wecan’t explain why the English people use‘'water'’to refer to the stuff in this bottle．Similarly,we can’t explain why the Chinese people use“水”to refer to the stuff．So language is arbitrary in nature．2. What’s the difference between langue and parole?考核知识点：langue and parole，参见P3-10参考答案要点：Language is full ofvarieties：no two speakers speak in an identical manner；no two speakers have an identical learning experience．Language consists in its varieties，that is to say,language is realized through its varieties(cp．the relation．between fruit and apple，between phoneme and allophones and phones and between langue and parole．福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案二本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问本复习题页码标注所用教材为：教材名称单价作者版本出版社现代语言学教程孙丽红如学员使用其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点I. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). (15 points, 1.5 points for each)1、Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language..2、Language is not only linearly-structured.3、Linguistic performance is essentially a social phenomenon and also a context-dependent behavior.4、General linguistics studies the basic concepts, theories,5、descriptions, models and methods applicable are not in any linguistic study.6、Some languages are not superior to other languages.7、Compounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.8、 Not all utterances take the form of sentences.9、Morphemes modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its part of speech.10、The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morphe.参考答案：1-5 F T F T F 6-10 T F T T FII. Choose the ONE choice that best completes each statement. (20 points, 2 points for each)1.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child languageacquisition?_______.A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formationB. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use参考答案B2.The pair of words "lend"and "borrow"are ___.A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms参考答案B3. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of theBritish scholar .A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones参考答案D4. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural参考答案D5. __produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but thecontent of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.A.Broca"s aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernicke"s aphasic参考答案D6.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say "night" as "light".Thisshows: .A.They cannot pronounce/n/B. Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mothertongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds参考答案B7.. A word with several meanings is called __word.A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple参考答案A8.. The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn"t it?"is __.rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative参考答案B9. The most recognizable differences between American English and BritishEnglish are in __ and vocabulary.ageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure参考答案C10. __deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics参考答案AIII. Define each of the following terms. (30 points, 6 points for each)1. phonetics考核知识点：phonetics，参见P122. phoneme考核知识点：phoneme，参见P163. stress考核知识点：stress，参见P174.reference考核知识点：reference，参见P355. idiolect考核知识点：idiolect，参见P41Answer the following questions. (35 points)1. How, in your opinion, does pragmatics differ from semantics?考核知识点：pragmatics and semantics，参见P28-35参考答案要点：Pragmatics is the study of the meaning which is not included in semantics and whose interpretation is dependent on its social contexts．Semantics is the science of meaning．Semantics is concemed t11 encoding and decoding of meaning，(finding out how people encode their meaning and how people try to interpret their meaning)，identifying and classifying meanings，lexical meaning，sentential meaning，and utterance2. What’s the difference between sense and reference?考核知识点：sense and reference，参见P35参考答案要点：There are two different meanings of meaning：sense(the meaning that relates linguistic forms with what is in the non．1inguistic world)and reference(the meaning that lies in the relation or contrasts among linguistic forms themselves，i．e．how the meanings are divided by the different linguistic forms／how different linguistic forms may be used to express meanings)．3. Explain language production with some examples.考核知识点：language production，参见P51参考答案要点：Language production is more difficult to study than language comprehension for the following reasons：the way thoughts are turned into speech(We don’t know how thoughts are turned intospeech．)；indirect approach through analyzing errors in speech production(We can only use this indirect approach to infer from these errors how we produce speech．)Following Carroll’s model of speech production,there are four stages：construction of thought to be expressed(You must have something in your mind to be expressed)，formation ofthought into linguistic forms(When you have some thought,you should turn it into linguistic forms)，construction of a motor command for the utterance(You need to prepare the command for the speech organs to speak)，execution ofthat motor command(You’re actually saying what you want to say)．福师1203考试批次《现代语言学》复习题及参考答案三本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问本复习题页码标注所用教材为：教材名称单价作者版本出版社现代语言学教程孙丽红如学员使用其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点I. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). (15 points, 1.5 points for each)11.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.12.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition.13.A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains asubject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence. 14.A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by meansof syntax, lexicon, and phonology.nguage is entirely arbitrary.16.Articulatory phonetics that studies speech sounds from a physicalpoint of view, focusing on their physical properties in transmission.17.In speech sound production, lower part of the oral cavity arerelatively stable and function as a foil to the upper part in its articulatory movements.18.Consonants are sounds made by a closure or narrowing somewhere inthe vocal tract.19.Stress may play different functions in different languages.20.Affixation changes the grammatical class of the word.参考答案1-5 F T F T F 6-10 F F T T FII. Choose the ONE choice that best completes each statement. (20 points, 2 points for each)3.The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and theend of ______.A. tongueB. hard palateC. soft palateD. vocal cords4.Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”,“case” and so forth are called ______ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. boundC. freeD. derivational3. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted fromgeneration to generation by a process of learning, and not genetically is usually referred to as ______.A. performanceB. language acquisitionC. cultural transmissionD. competence4. The sound [s] and [z] are the results of air escaping under fricationbetween tongue and ______ before passing through the teeth.A. hard palateB. uvulaC. alveolar ridgeD. soft palate6.______ deals with language application to other fields, particularlyeducation.A. Linguistic geographyB. Applied linguisticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Comparative linguistics6. Language has that distinguish it from other semiotic systemsused by humans and animals.A. functionB. design featuresC. importanceD. performance7. the main source of energy for speaking, initiating the airflowfor speech, hence pulmonic airstream mechanism.A. MouthB. HeartC. NoseD. Lung8. The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phonemehave to be similarA. phoneticallyB. phonologicallyC. soundD. seem9. morpheme is a morpheme that contributes to the lexical meaningof the word.A. FunctionalB. LexicalC. GrammaticalD. Performative10. According to , language determines the framework of speaker’sperception and thought.A. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisB. Positivist theoryC. Use theoryD. Speech Acts theory参考答案1-5 C A D A B 6-10 B D AB AIII. Define each of the following terms. (30 points, 6 points for each)1. pragmatics考核知识点：pragmatics，参见P352. semantics考核知识点：semantics，参见P283. phonology考核知识点：phonology，参见P154. linguistics考核知识点：linguistics，参见P105. syntax考核知识点：syntax，参见P22Answer the following questions. (35 points)1. What is psycholinguistics?考核知识点：psycholinguistics，参见P48参考答案要点：Psycholinguistics is the study of the relation between language and mind，especially language acquisition and learning，and language comprehension and production．2. What’s the difference between free morpheme and bound morpheme?考核知识点：free morpheme and bound morpheme，参见P20参考答案要点：Morpheme may also be classified according to their role in word formation．Inflectional morpheme is a bound morpheme that shows the inflectional changes of the wordand that expresses a certain grammatical meaning．Most of inflectional morphemes in English arerealized through their allomorphs，e．g．{past tense}-->一ed,一d，…An inflectional morpheme doesnot change the grammatical class ofthe word，e．g．{change)change is a verb，and{change)+{pasttense)is still a verb．Derivational morpheme is a morpheme that is added to a word to form a new word．Derivational morpheme may be a bound morpheme such as affixes，but it may also be a freemorpheme such as those used to form a compound．There are six key terms used in derivational3. Explain pidgin and creole with some examples.考核知识点：pidgin and creole，参见P43参考答案要点：Pidgin refers to a kind of lingua franca which is also known as“marginal language”．It has areduced grammatical structure，lexicon and stylistic range and has no native speakers．Theformation of a pidgin usually involves two or more speech communities and requires considerable motivation on the part of the speaker．Pidgin usually flourishes in areas of economic development and of substantial trading among different speech communities．Pidgin English used in trading among the English and the Chinese in Shanghai in the old days．Pidgin English used in Asia in trading includes elements from Malay,Chinese and Portuguese．Creole refers to the pidgin which has developed from a mixture oflanguages and expanded in its vocabulary,grammar and stylistic range，which has acquired its own native speakers and assumed an equal orsimilar status ofanyhumannatural language．11。

福师《语言学概论》在线作业二

一、单选题（共10 道试题，共20 分。

）V 1.“骄”，原指高大健壮的马，现成为表“自高自大”义的语素。

这属于：A. 词义的扩大B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 词义的增加满分：2 分2. “闻”的音节如何拼写？（）A. wen--w u e nB. wen--w e nC. wen--u e nD. wen--w u e i n.满分：2 分3. 世界上的语种中使用人口最多的是：A. 英语B. 汉语C. 俄语D. 法语满分：2 分4. 下列选项中属于派生词的是：A. 阿哥B. 语言C. 电灯D. 是非满分：2 分5. 语言中，（）是发展速度最快的部分。

A. 一般词汇B. 语音C. 语法D. 基本词汇满分：2 分6. 语音的本质属性是：A. 生理属性B. 物理属性C. 心理属性D. 社会属性满分：2 分7. 关于索绪尔的语言理论核心，下列说法不正确的是（）A. “语言”和“言语”不同，语言学的对象是语言。

B. 语言是一种符号系统，符号是由“能指”和“所指”结合而成的统一体。

C. 语言符号系统中的一切要素都处在组合关系和聚合关系中。

D. 语言学有共时语言学与历时语言学之分，历时比共时重要。

满分：2 分8. 语言学概论这门课就属于：A. 历时语言学B. 普通语言学C. 共时语言学D. 应用语言学满分：2 分9. “嘴”，本指身体的口，后来变为指一切动物的口(甚至比喻一切事物的出入部分,如“茶壶嘴”。

)，这属于：A. 词义的扩大B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 词义的增加满分：2 分10. 语言可以分为底层和上层，底层是一套：A. 音位B. 语素C. 词D. 句子满分：2 分二、多选题（共22 道试题，共44 分。

）V 1. 地域方言是同一个民族语言里的地域分支，它的形成有三个具体原因：A. 地理条件B. 社会政治经济历史等因素C. 语言系统内部的变化D. 社会内部不同年龄、性别、职业、阶级、阶层的人们在语言使用上表现出来的一些变异满分：2 分2. 作为语言符号与其他符号的共同点在于：A. 随意约定B. 这些符号都不是孤立存在的，而是与其他符号相对地存在C. 复杂性D. 强生成性满分：2 分3. 语言和文化的关系：A. 语言作为民族文化的组成部分，表现文化的一系列民族特征B. 语言又作为文化的形式，反映民族文化的内容C. 语言和文化没有关系D. 语言不是民族文化的内容满分：2 分4. （）是具备语言能力的前提条件。

福师大远程教育现代语言学复习资料答案

福师大远程教育现代语言学复习资料答案复习资料试题I. Multiple-choice questions. Choose the best answer for the following questions.1.The statement “Double negation is incorrect.” is an example of _____ rules.A. prescriptiveB. descriptiveC. transformationalD. functional2.The distinction between linguistic competence and performance was proposed by _____.A. JacobsonB. BloomfieldC.D. H. Hymes D. Chomsky3.Consonants and vowels are distinguished by ______.A. place of articulationB. manner of articulationC. obstruction of airflowD. total stopping of air4.Which of the following sounds is described as “voiced alveolar stop”?A. [d]B. [z]C. [g]D. [l]5.Which of the following morphemes IS a bound morpheme?A. nessC. lossD. boss6.Which of the following words contains NO inflectional suffix?A. fastestB. chaosC. easierD. studies7.The distinction between langue and parole was proposed by _____.A. JacobsonB. BloomfieldC. SaussureD. Chomsky8.That it is wrong to split an infinitive is an example of _____ rules.A. prescriptiveB. descriptiveC. transformationalD. functional9.One criteria of distinguishing different consonants is ______.A. the height of tongue raisingB. manner of articulationC. obstruction of airflowD. total stopping of air10.Which of the following sounds is described as “voiced bilabial stop”?___________.A. [b]B. [z]D. [l]11.Which of the following words contains NO inflectional suffix? ___________.A. fastestB. darkenC. easierD. studies12.Good: Bad is an example of _____.A. gradable antonymyB. relational antonymyC. complementary antonymyD. complete antonymy13. What kind of sounds can be identified when the vocal cords are vibrating?A. VoicelessB. V oicedC. Glottal stopD. Consonant14. Which vowel is different from the others according to the part of the tongue that is the highest when articulated?A. [?]B. [u]C. [e]D. [i]15. The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme16. A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator17. "Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes18. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. sociolinguisticsD. psycholinguistics19. ___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A. Lingua francaB. CreoleC. PidginD. Standard language20. Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrusB. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area21. According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisition22.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow” are ___.A. gradable oppositesB. relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD. synonyms23.The semantic c omponents of the word ―gentleman‖can be expressed as __.A. +animate, +male, +human, -adultB. +animate, +male, +human, +adultC. +animate, -male, +human,-adultD. +animate, -male, +human, +adult24.The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly termed the ______.A. phrase structureB. surface structureC. syntactic structureD. deep structureII. True or False questions. Decide whether the following statements are True or False.( ) 1.A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language byQuirk et al. is a synchronic study of language.( ) 2.The word “in” is an open class word.( ) 3. Chinese is a tone language.( ) 4.The word “above” includes 2 syllables, in which the sound [b] is the coda of the first syllable.( ) 5.The semantic relationship between the two sentences “John’s son is an engineer” and “John has a son” is presupposition.( ) 6.A syllable should contain at least one vowel.( ) 7.Historical linguistics is a diachronic study of language.( ) 8.In the antonym pair old : young, old is the marked item.( ) 9.“Ank” is a morpheme, because it appears in different words, such as tank, bank, rank.( ) 10.The pronunciation of English consonants only involves manner of articulation and place of articulation.( ) 11. A small child may call any man “Dad”. This phenomenon is termed as underextension in psycholinguistics.( ) 12.Grammatically well-formed sentences are not necessarily semantically well-formed.( ) 13.The word chaos does not contain any inflectional suffix.( ) 14.According to John Austin, performatives do not descript or report, and therefore, cannot be verified as true or false.( ) 15.P redication analysis is a way to analyze word meaning.( ) 16.A n inflectional morpheme alters the grammatical category of a word.( ) 17.English alphabets were borrowed from Latin in Old English period.( ) 18.Both English and Scottish belongs to Germanic language family.( ) 19.Roots are always free.( ) 20.According to CCTV, FAMILY stands for Father and mother I love you. This is an example of acronym.( ) 21.Phablet is an example of blending.( ) 22.Lexical motivation refers to the connection between linguistic symbol and its meaning.( ) 23.The words valuable and invaluable are a pair of antonyms.( ) 24.10. The suffix -er in teacher is an inflectional affix.III. Fill in the blanks with proper terms.1. The description of English vowels needs four variables, i.e. the height of tongue raising, the positionof the highest part of the tongue, the length or tenseness of the vowel and ________.2. In IPA, there are two ways to transcribe speech sounds. One is _______, the other is narrowtranscription.3. Those morphemes that can appear on their own are called __________.4. _______ intonation signals certainty and completion of the speech.5. If A is a kind of B, then in terms of semantic relation, B is a(n) _____ of A.6. The utterance “I order you to leave the room.” performsa ________ speech act.7. __________ is the study of meaning in use or in context.8. The standardized and internationally accepted system for phonetic transcription is ___________.9. In terms of semantic relationship, flower is a(n)________________of lily.10. Phoneme __________can be described as voiceless alveolar fricatives.11.If two words have following relationship: the assertion of one means the denial of the other and thedenial of one means the assertion of the other, then these two words are a pair of ________________.12._____________ is the study of language in relation to society; it studies how social factors influencethe structure and use of language.13.English has only _____________ inflectional morphemes.14.While the meaning of a sentence is decontextualized, that of a(n) _________ is context-dependent.15.Words that share the same pronunciations but have different spelling and different meanings are called_____________16.The difference between consonants and vowels lies in_____________.17.The symbolic relationship between sound and meaning is and .18.Lexical meaning can be subdivided into meaning and meaning.19.Three types of homonyms are perfect homonyms, ___________ and homophone.20.According to morphological structure, words can be divided into simple words, _______________ andcompound words.21.According to whether it can appear on its own or not, morphemes can be divided into free morphemesand _______ morphemes22.The three major word formation processes in English are_______ , compounding and conversion.23.In the antonym pair old and young, __________ is the marked item.24.The hypothesis that claims that language shapes the way we think and determines what we can thinkabout is called_______.IV. Definition. Define following terms.1.Suprasegmental2.McGurk effect3.Input Hypothesis4.Fossilization/doc/8318545262.html,nguage planning6.Tenor of discourse7.Diphthong8.Creole9.approximant:10.lexical wordsV. Questions. Answer the following questions.1.Are /lb?k/, /kn?st/ and /kr?st/ possible syllables in English? Why?2.What are the differences between inflection and derivation?3.How did English borrow words from other languages and what influence does borrowinghave upon English?4.Discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.5.In English, the utterance “Can you answer the phone?” can be used to ask someone to answer thephone. Why cannot the utterance “Can you eat the apple?”be used to ask someone to eat the apple?。

福师15秋《现代语言学》在线作业二满分答案

福师15秋《现代语言学》在线作业二满分答案一、单选题（共25道试题，共50分。

）1.()is the bit of spoken or written language that is produced and sent to the receiver in a specific context.A.WordB.SentenceC.UtteranceD.Morpheme正确答案：C2.()morpheme is a morpheme that contributes to the lexical meaning of the word.A.FunctionalB.LexicalC.GrammaticalD.Performative正确答案：B3.According to(),language determines the framework of speaker’s perception and thought.A.Sapir-Whorf HypothesisB.Positivist theorye theoryD.Speech Acts theory正确答案：A4.（）studies the ways words are combined to form sentences in a language.</font>A.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC.MorphologyD.Syntax正确答案：D5.()is the bit of spoken or written language that is produced and sent to the receiver in a specific context.A.WordB.SentenceC.UtteranceD.Morpheme正确答案：C6.()of language refers to the property of language in having the structure of two levels.A.ArbitrarinessB.Genetic-cultural transmissionC.Non-arbitrarinessD.Duality正确答案：D7.（）refers to the juxtaposition of two elements which are semantically in opposition(or complementary)to each otherA.CollocationB.ReiterationC.Lexical cohesionD.Coherence正确答案：A8.A()is one that may be used to distinguish one speech sound from another.A.perfomationB.featureC.distinctive featureD.function正确答案：C9.()reference refers to the reference where the presupposed occurs in the text before the word or expression that is presupposing.A.ExophoricB.AnaphoricC.EndophoricD.Cataphoric正确答案：B10.()is the science that studies how speech sounds are used in language to convey meanings.A.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC.MorphologyD.Dialectology正确答案：B11.()is the study of the meaning which is not included in semantics and whose interpretation is depe ndent on its social contexts.A.PragmaticsB.PhonologyC.DialectologyD.Morphology正确答案：A12.()is a minimal unit which is formally composed of meaningless linguistic symbols at the lower level of the languageA.PhonemeB.StressC.TempoD.Morpheme正确答案：D13.()is the study of the relation between language and mind,especially language acquisition and learning,and language comprehension and production.A.PragmaticsB.PhonologyC.DialectologyD.Psycholinguistics正确答案：D14.()is the first stressed syllable in the tone-unit.A.pre-headB.headC.nuclear tailD.nucleus正确答案：B15.()is the study of the structure and the formation of words in language.A.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC.MorphologyD.Dialectology正确答案：C16.()are a group of words and expressions that refer to the personal,temporal or spatial characteristics of the context within which a text is produced.A.NounsB.AdjectivesC.VerbsD.Deictics正确答案：D17.'()refers to the sameness in meaning between two or more words.A.SynonymyB.PolysemyC.HomonymyD.Antonymy正确答案18.The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phoneme have to be ()similarA.phoneticallyB.phonologicallyC.soundD.seem正确答案：A19.()is the study of the structure and the formation of words in language.A.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC.MorphologyD.Dialectology正确答案：C20.()is the scie nce that studies soundsA.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC.MorphologyD.Dialectology正确答案：A21.()refers to the sameness in meaning between two or more words.A.SynonymyB.PolysemyC.HomonymyD.Antonymy正确答案：A22.()of language refers to the property of language in having the structure of two levels.A.ArbitrarinessB.Genetic-cultural transmissionC.Non-arbitrarinessD.Duality正确答案：D23.A()is one that may be used to distinguish one speech sound from another.A.perfomationB.featureC.distinctive featureD.function正确答案24.()refers to the speed of speech.A.LoudnessB.StressC.TempoD.Tone正确答案：C25.()is the study of the various aspects of the relation between language on the one hand and speakers and society on the other.A.PragmaticsB.SociolinguisticsC.SyntaxD.Semantics正确答案：B福师《现代语言学》在线作业二二、判断题（共25道试题，共50分。

15秋福师《现代语言学》在线作业

福师《现代语言学》在线作业二试卷总分：100 测试时间：--单选题判断题包括本科的各校各科新学期复习资料，可以联系屏幕右上的“文档贡献者”一、单选题（共25 道试题，共50 分。

）V 1. ( ) is the bit of spoken or writtenlanguage that is produced and sent to the receiver in a specificcontext.A. WordB. SentenceC. UtteranceD. Morpheme满分：2 分2. ( ) morpheme is a morpheme that contributes to the lexicalmeaning of the word.A. FunctionalB. LexicalC. GrammaticalD. Performative满分：2 分3. According to ( ), language determines the framework of speaker’sperception and thought.A. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisB. Positivist theoryC. Use theoryD. Speech Acts theory满分：2 分4. （）studies the ways words are combined to form sentences in alanguage .</font>A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Syntax满分：2 分5. ( ) is the bit of spoken or written language that is producedand sent to the receiver in a specific context.A. WordB. SentenceC. UtteranceD. Morpheme满分：2 分6. ( )of language refers to the property of language in having thestructure of two levels.A. ArbitrarinessB. Genetic-cultural transmissionC. Non-arbitrarinessD. Duality满分：2 分7. （）refers to the juxtaposition of two elements which aresemantically in opposition (or complementary) to each otherA. CollocationB. ReiterationC. Lexical cohesionD. Coherence满分：2 分8. A ( ) is one that may be used to distinguish one speech sound from another.A. perfomationB. featureC. distinctive featureD. function满分：2 分9. ( ) reference refers to the reference where the presupposed occurs in the text before the word or expression that is presupposing.A. ExophoricB. AnaphoricC. EndophoricD. Cataphoric满分：2 分10. ( ) is the science that studies how speech sounds are used in language to convey meanings.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Dialectology满分：2 分11. ( ) is the study of the meaning which is not included in semantics and whose interpretation is depe ndent on its social contexts.A. PragmaticsB. PhonologyC. DialectologyD. Morphology满分：2 分12. ( ) is a minimal unit which is formally composed of meaningless linguistic symbols at the lower level of the languageA. PhonemeB. StressC. TempoD. Morpheme满分：2 分13. ( ) is the study of the relation between language and mind, especially language acquisition and learning, and language comprehension and production.A. PragmaticsB. PhonologyC. DialectologyD. Psycholinguistics满分：2 分14. ( ) is the first stressed syllable in the tone-unit.A. pre-headB. headC. nuclear tailD. nucleus满分：2 分15. ( ) is the study of the structure and the formation of words in language.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Dialectology满分：2 分16. ( ) are a group of words and expressions that refer to the personal, temporal or spatial characteristics of the context within which a text is produced.A. NounsB. AdjectivesC. VerbsD. Deictics满分：2 分17. '( ) refers to the sameness in meaning between two or more words.A. SynonymyB. PolysemyC. HomonymyD. Antonymy满分：2 分18. The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phoneme have to be ( ) similarA. phoneticallyB. phonologicallyC. soundD. seem满分：2 分19. ( ) is the study of the structure and the formation of words in language.A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Dialectology满分：2 分20. ( ) is the scie nce that studies soundsA. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Dialectology满分：2 分21. () refers to the sameness in meaning between two or more words.A. SynonymyB. PolysemyC. HomonymyD. Antonymy满分：2 分22. ( )of language refers to the property of language in having thestructure of two levels.A. ArbitrarinessB. Genetic-cultural transmissionC. Non-arbitrarinessD. Duality满分：2 分23. A ( ) is one that may be used to distinguish one speech soundfrom another.A. perfomationB. featureC. distinctive featureD. function满分：2 分24. ( ) refers to the speed of speech.A. LoudnessB. StressC. TempoD. Tone满分：2 分25. ( ) is the study of the various aspects of the relation betweenlanguage on the one hand and speakers and society on the other.A.PragmaticsB. SociolinguisticsC. SyntaxD. Semantics满分：2 分二、判断题（共25 道试题，共50 分。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

福师《现代语言学》在线作业二
一、单选题（共25 道试题，共50 分。