《英语修辞学》第七章
英语修辞学1-4Ex答案gg
《英语修辞学》第一章----第四章练习答案Tell what figures of speech each sentence contains.1. You might as well expect a leopard to change its spots as expect him to give up smoking.(simile)2. I stayed on Hong Kong island and found myself in a different world, where surprising quiet and the green smell of lush foliage is just steps away from the business district.(Jane Wooldridge: Hong Kong) (synaesthesia)3. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. (kate Chopin: The Dream of an Hour) (synaesthesia)4. How all my own territory would be altered, as if a landslide had gone through it and skimmed off all meaning except loss of Mike. (simile)(I had never realized until Mike’s leaving) How much my own life would be affected, as if it had been destroyed by a landslide, which took away everything I used to enjoy, leaving behind only the pain from missing Mike.我的世界里，就像发生了天崩地裂，除了迈克的离去，其余所有的记忆都被冲走了。
英语修辞学
《英语修辞学》教学大纲修订单位: 韩山师范学院外语系执笔人: 张若兰一. 课程基本信息1. 课程中文名称：英语修辞学2. 课程英文名称：English Rhetoric3. 课程类别：任选4. 适应专业：英语（师范类）本科5. 总学时：366. 总学分：2二．本课程在教学计划中的地位、作用和任务《英语修辞学》是为英语专业高年级学生开设的一门专业任意选修课。
该课程通过系统的讲授，使学生掌握英语修辞的基本原理及其应用，从而达到写作时语言更加贴切，意义更加清晰，表达更加生动；阅读时更加准确地理解作者的写作意图、文体风格和写作技巧，从本质上了解英语，掌握英语，提高阅读能力、写作能力和文学欣赏水平和语言修养。
三．教学内容与教学基本要求教学内容:Chapter One：Syntactic Devices (句法辞格) (6课时)本章内容包括：1．长句和短句(Long and short sentences)；2．简单句(The simple sentence)；3．复合句(The compound sentence)；4．分枝句(Branching sentences)；5．主动和被动句(The active and the passive voiced sentences)；6．平衡句(Syntactic schemes of balance)----排比句(parallelism)；对偶句(antithesis)；逆转反复句(chiasmus)；7．倒装句(Syntactic scheme of inversion)----省略句(ellipsis)；局部省略句(fragmentary elliptical sentence)；连词省略/散珠(asyndeton)；跳脱(aposiopesis)；8．添加句（Syntactic scheme of addition or insertion）----连词叠用(polysyndeton)；修正法/换语(epanorthosis)；注释法(exegesis)；扩充法(exergasia) ；并列法(apposition) ；插入法(parenthesis)；9．反复句(Syntactic scheme of repetition)---二项式(binomials)；三项式(trinomials)；多项式(catalogues)；首语重复(syntactic anaphora)；尾语重复(syntactic epiphorea)；首尾语重复(syntactic framing)；10．层进与突降(Syntactic scheme of climax and anticlimax)----(climax)；(anticlimax or bathos)11．修辞问句(Rhetoric question)；12．顿呼(Apostrophe)。
《英语修辞学》第七章
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例如：The Relentless Pursuit of Perfection. (Lexus automobile) 译文：追求完美，近乎苛求；凌志轿车，永不停歇！ 这是Lexus牌汽车广告，其基本含义为“近乎苛求地追求完美”。这则广
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(3) Advantages:
As a figure of speech, it is good for sound rhyme, musical effect and significant emphasis. For example,
1) The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free; We were the first that eห้องสมุดไป่ตู้er burst Into that silent sea.
(2) A good knowledge of some English phonetic figures of speech is helpful not only to students of EFL as writers, but also as readers of English articles. (3) The basic features of English sounds: English sounds are classified phonetically into vowels and consonants, and the pronunciation of words is done by combinations of vowels and consonants. The vowels and consonants not only have phonetic qualities, but also have some sensory qualities, which suggest certain impressions.
现代英语修辞学
普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材现代英语修辞学Moder n English Rhetor ic胡曙中编著上海外语教育出版社图书在版编目(CIP)数据现代英语修辞学/胡曙中编著.—上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004ISBN7-81095-185-8Ⅰ.现…Ⅱ.胡…Ⅲ.英语修辞教材Ⅳ.H315中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字(2004)第014498号早在1982年,我的导师杨小石先生有意要编一本适合我国英语专业使用的英语修辞学教材,为此,他邀请了包括我在内的三位教师一起参加编写,我们商定了编写大纲,也作了具体的分工。
我当时只有35岁,对编写这么一本教材的困难程度并不清楚,但却凭着一股劲,居然勉强地完成了自己那一部分,但是由于他们未能完成自己的部分,我的那一部分最后也就不了了之了。
从那时到现在,时间过去了20多年。
在这20多年中,我读了一些书,作了一些研究,从《英汉修辞比较研究》、《美国新修辞学》到《英语修辞学》,我走了过来。
坦诚地说,前面走过的路不都是一步一个脚印的,但就在这步履艰难的过程中,我逐渐知道了什么是英语修辞,知道了如何来阐释和应用英语修辞。
现在奉献给大家的这本《现代英语修辞学》,承蒙教育部和有关专家的厚爱,被确定为普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材。
我把这本书写成一本英语修辞学的入门书,是想回答许多学生提出的问题:“什么是英语修辞学?”“英语修辞学是不是就是研究英语写作?”“英语修辞学是英语专业的课程,还是语言学的课程?”我希望我的这本书能较为满意地回答这些问题。
在这儿,我想概括一下本书的各章内容和目的:第0章导论解释英语修辞的种种意义,并说明本书的目的———对英语修辞现象的描述、应用和阐释第1章影响修辞活动的要素论述信息、使用场合、受话者之间的关系,说明语气如何反映其间的关系第2章词汇的修辞描述英语选字遣词的修辞规律及其应用第3章句子的修辞描述英语连词组句的修辞规律及其应用第4章 段落的修辞 描述英语段落构成的修辞规律及其应用第5章 语篇的修辞 描述英语语篇构成的修辞规律及其应用第6章 语篇的种类 描述语篇的种类及其特点第7章 语体 描述作为修辞活动综合体的语体特征第8章 修辞手段 描述修辞布局和辞格的规律第9章 理论阐释 简述主要的英语修辞理论第10章 传统与发展 回顾英语修辞学的传统,预测其发展本书主要适合英语专业高年级学生和研究生使用。
英语修辞学(打印版)
英语修辞手法1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country./ This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage./ The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张）It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉）It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as” pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). 借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
(最新整理)英语修辞学(Rhetoric)
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▪ 4. 英语被动句用得多，汉语主动句用得多。这更说明了英语 的“物称倾向”。
▪ An illustration is furnished by an editorial in the Washington Post (January 17, 1962).
▪ 《华盛顿邮报》（1962年1月17日）的一篇社论提供了一个 例子。
挨户去唱五朔节赞歌，祝福主人。在一些农村，每 年5月1日凌晨，青年们便奏着音乐、唱着赞歌，结 伴去树林砍树枝，待太阳出来后返回，将树枝插在
门窗上。
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▪ What is simile? E.g. ▪ The snow was like a white
blank drawn over the field. ▪ The structure: ▪ The signified, the simile
That is our policy and that is our declaration. ▪ 这就是我们的国策。这就是我们的宣言。
▪ If winter comes, can spring be far behind? ▪ 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
▪ This is the reason why he is leaving so soon. ▪ 这就是他所以这么快就要离开的原因。
▪ To find out the common ways people know the world and ways people express themselves.
▪ To appreciate the beauty, explicit or not, of the language.
英语修辞学(Rhetoric)
Syllepsis
Syllepsis是指用一个词（如动词、形容词、介词等）同时与两个或更多的词相搭配，在越一个词搭配时用一种词义，而在与另一个词搭配时则用另一种词义,这种搭配在句法规则和语义上都是正确的，并产生不同的字面意义和比喻意义。
He lost the game and his temper. 他输了这一局，大发脾气。
半谐音也可称“无韵”，是指一组词、一句话或一行诗中同一元音重复出现，它具有音乐的节奏感，可增强语言的表现力。例如：
It’s fair and square affair from the beginning to the end. 这件事自始至终都是光明正大的。
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
Pun
双关（pun） 就是用发音相似的词来表达特殊意义的修辞手法，它非常能够体现使用者的睿智机敏、幽默俏皮，造成印象隽永的效果。它的使用场合亦庄亦谐，既常见于故事、笑话、谜语、儿歌等，又可用于正式场合，表达严肃的思想和深邃的感情。 — Why is an empty parse always the same? — Because there is never any change in it.(change既表示“零钱”，又表示“变化”。“空钱包”里边没“零钱”当然就永远瘪着，毫无“变化”了。)
2。主体和喻体一般指两个不同的事物。
本体和喻体通常一个抽象一个具体，一个熟悉一个陌生
Simile(明喻)
希腊语Metapherein (transfer )转换
无需借助比喻词，直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写。也称隐喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。 例如：
英语修辞学第二版课后答案
英语修辞学第二版课后答案1、Becky is having a great time ______ her aunt in Shanghai. （）[单选题] *A. to visitB. visitedC. visitsD. visiting(正确答案)2、5．Shanghais is known ________ “the Oriental Pearl”, so many foreigners come to visit Shanghai very year. [单选题] *A．forB．as (正确答案)C．withD．about3、27．My father is a professor and he works in__________ university. [单选题] *A．a (正确答案)B．anC．/D．the4、69．Online shopping is easy, but ________ in the supermarket usually ________ a lot of time. [单选题] *A．shop; takesB．shopping; takeC．shop; takeD．shopping; takes(正确答案)5、--All of you have passed the test!--_______ pleasant news you have told us! [单选题] *A. HowB. How aC. What(正确答案)D. What a6、It’s usually windy in spring, ______ you can see lots of people flying kites.（）[单选题] *A. so(正确答案)B. orC. butD. for7、I usually read English _______ six o’clock _______ six thirty in the morning. [单选题] *A. from;?atB. from; to(正确答案)C. at; atD. at; to8、On Mother’s Day, Cathy made a beautiful card as a ______ for her mother. [单选题] *A. taskB. secretC. gift(正确答案)D. work9、—Whose book is it? Is it yours?—No, ask John. Maybe it’s ______.（）[单选题] *A. hersB. his(正确答案)C. he’sD. her10、Will you be able to finish your homework _______? [单选题] *A. by the timeB. in time(正确答案)C. once upon a timeD. out of time11、—______? —Half a kilo.（）[单选题] *A. How much are theyB. How much is itC. How much would you like(正确答案)D. How many would you like12、( ) It tells what is going on ___the county and all____the world. [单选题] *A. across; over(正确答案)B. all; acrossC. in; inD.to; for13、The work will be finished _______ this month. [单选题] *A. at the endB. in the endC. by the endD. at the end of(正确答案)14、You wouldn' t have caught such ____ bad cold if you hadn' t been caught in ____?rain. [单选题] *A. a, /B. a, aC. a,the(正确答案)D. /, /15、—What can I do for you? —I ______ a pair of new shoes.（）[单选题] *A. likeB. would lookC. would like(正确答案)D. take16、73．The moonlight goes ____ the window and makes the room bright. [单选题] *A．acrossB．through(正确答案)C．overD．in17、The notice put _______ on the wall says “No Smoking”. [单选题] *A. up(正确答案)B. offC. awayD. out18、____ China is ____ old country with ____ long history. [单选题] *A. /, an, a(正确答案)B. The, an, aC. /, an, /D. /, the, a19、_______ win the competition, he practiced a lot. [单选题] *A. BecauseB. In order to(正确答案)C. Thanks toD. In addition to20、I used to take ____ long way to take the bus that went by ____ tunnel under the water. [单选题] *A. a, aB. a. theC. a, /(正确答案)D. the, a21、He often comes to work early and he is _______ late for work. [单选题] *A. usuallyB. never(正确答案)C. oftenD. sometimes22、--Don’t _______ too late, or you will feel tired in class.--I won’t, Mum. [单选题] *A. call upB. wake upC. stay up(正确答案)D. get up23、The early Americans wanted the King to respect their rights. [单选题] *A. 统治B. 满足C. 尊重(正确答案)D. 知道24、You should take the medicine after you read the _______. [单选题] *A. linesB. wordsC. instructions(正确答案)D. suggestions25、In winter, animals have a hard time_____anything to eat. [单选题] *A.to findB.finding(正确答案)C.foundD.to finding26、It was difficult to guess what her_____to the news would be. [单选题] *A.impressionmentC.reaction(正确答案)D.opinion27、--Is that the correct spelling?--I don’t know. You can _______ in a dictionary [单选题] *A. look up itB. look it forC. look it up(正确答案)D. look for it28、I usually do some ____ on Sundays. [单选题] *A. cleaningsB. cleaning(正确答案)C. cleansD. clean29、Nick has always been good _______ finding cheap flights. [单选题] *A. at(正确答案)B. forC. withD. to30、I don't know the man _____ you are talking about. [单选题] *A. who'sB. whose(正确答案)C. whomD. which。
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We should not demean贬低 our democracy with the politics of distraction, denial and despair.(Al Gore)
我们不可用消解、拒绝和绝望的托辞贬屈我们的民主。
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More Examples:
E.g. Penny wise, pound foolish. 小处精明, 大处浪费; 小事聪明,erfect.
Far fowls have fair feathers. （远处的鸟羽毛更美丽）“远来的和 尚会念经”。说某人“面善心恶”，英语是A fair face hides a foul heart;说“酒后说胡话”，英语是When wine sinks, words swim; 四川人有句俗语非常好，把天上飞的，地上跑的，水里游的叫做“陆空”，
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7.2 Alliteration （押头韵）
(1) Definition:
The word alliteration derives from Latin, meaning “repeating and playing upon the same letter”. Therefore, alliteration is the repetition of initial consonant in two or more words. It is a very old rhetorical device, and the first figures of speech adopted in English.
告一组押头韵词语是围绕/P/这个辅音展开的：Pursuit和Perfection. Pursuit和
Perfection都属该语篇的核心词汇，所构成的押头韵使整个语篇显得富有韵律和 节奏感。汉语译文采用了四字格形式的排比结构，由两部分构成：第一部分描 述了源语语篇核心词汇所含的主要概念意义“追求完美”，和源语语篇副词所 含的概念意义“近乎苛求”；第二部分首先写出商品品牌，在品牌 “凌志轿车” 后加了“永不停歇”，以表示汽车制造者的决心和志向。四个并列的四字词语， 使译文语言显得明快流畅，节奏优美和谐。
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在翻译中，恰如其分地运用押头韵的手法可以使译文增色不少。在上海世 博会的申办报告中，原文有“上海迅速发展成为一个充满生机和希望的城 市”，我们把它翻译为：“Shanghai has been developing rapidly
into a city full of vigor and vitality and showing a great promise.”其
(2) Applicable areas:
In Poetry In prose In newspaper headings In proverbs In tongue twisters
In advertisements and slogans
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E.g. (1) In prose Next to health, heart, home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile.
2) Bye, Bye, Balanced Budget
3) Gunk Grounds the Second Shuttle Alliteration is a great help to memory. By highlighting the sounds of words, alliteration catches the attention of the audience and makes the idea impressed deeply on the audience and thus easier for them to remember. For example,
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(3) Advantages:
As a figure of speech, it is good for sound rhyme, musical effect and significant emphasis. For example,
1) The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free; We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea.
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某扫描仪广告: Slim，stylish，silver. 译文1：银色线条显精简，时尚光辉在闪现 译文2：外显精简之美，内藏时尚韵味。 这则广告语篇属于描述体语篇体裁，由三个关系过程小句的 省略形式构成。三个用来描述这种扫描仪器特点的形容词都以辅 音/s/开头，构成押头韵修辞，语言简洁工整，令人倍感时尚。
Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden. (John F. Kennedy)
(2) Newspaper headlines: Bread Not Bombs Cut Crime with Jobs---Not Jails Battle for Balanced Budget
(2) A good knowledge of some English phonetic figures of speech is helpful not only to students of EFL as writers, but also as readers of English articles. (3) The basic features of English sounds: English sounds are classified phonetically into vowels and consonants, and the pronunciation of words is done by combinations of vowels and consonants. The vowels and consonants not only have phonetic qualities, but also have some sensory qualities, which suggest certain impressions.
English Rhetoric
Chapter Seven Phonetic Figures of Speech
By Song Pingfeng
Contents of This Chapter
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8
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翻译成英语应该叫“feather，feet or fin”，就长羽毛的、长脚的，还有长鳍
的。 现在许多人择偶条件中有一条，要求对象既有“才”，还要有“趣”，有 “才”有“趣”用英语表达就可以用上头韵技巧：“a man of wisdom and wit”。如果遇上a man of wisdom and wit，可要错过机会，嫁给他做wife吧。
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For example: 1) The short, lax, spread vowel /i/ is supposed to convey bright, light, fleet, happy impression, as in: Spring, the sweet Spring, is the year’s pleasant king; Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring, Cold doth not sting, the pretty birds do sing. (T. Nash: “Spring”) 2) The sounds /ɑ:/ and /o/ are considered more pleasant to the ears, as for example in “doll”, “holiday”, “lark(嬉戏, 玩乐)”, “dance”, “hearty”, etc. 3) Most people feel that the consonants /k/, /g/ and their clusters /kl/,
She sells sea-shells on the sea-shore.
Cut Costs Without Cutting Corners. (advertising for cars)
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(5) In advertisements and slogans标语 Vitamins for Vim and Vigor (advertising for vitamins) Sea, Sun, Sand, Seclusion ----and Spain! (advertising for spanish seashore scenic pots.)
/kr/, /gl/, /gr/ are suggestive of unpleasantness or ugliness, as in
“kick”, “kill”, “clack(唠叨，喋喋不休)”, “crack”, “groan”, “glut(暴食：过 量地吃或过度耽溺于，沉湎于)”, “haggle(讨价还价，争论不休)”, “anger”, etc.
中，“充满生机”的译文 full of vigor and vitality 就是了押头韵的技巧。
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例如：The Relentless Pursuit of Perfection. (Lexus automobile) 译文：追求完美，近乎苛求；凌志轿车，永不停歇！ 这是Lexus牌汽车广告，其基本含义为“近乎苛求地追求完美”。这则广