What are the main causes of shortsightedness？

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专八-第1天听力理解

第一章听力填空5种记笔记技巧一、抓主题、记实词一般来说,讲座文章通常采用“总-分-总”的结构,中心突出、结构清晰、层次分明。

因此(开头)主题、分论点或结论句中出现的关键性名词、动词和形容词等是听录音和记笔记的重点。

例1[TEM-8,2010]录音Let me give you some examples.The first is whispering,which indicates theneed for secrecy.The second is breathiness.This is to show deep emotion.The third is huskiness,which is to show unimportance.记录重点记录时,要分层次记录,在理解的基础上记下重点的名词、动词、形容词等实词,如whispering,breathiness,huskiness 等。

题目B.examples1.whispering:need for secrecy2.breathiness:deep emotion3.(2):unimportance解析讲座举例说明声音副语言特征能在交际中帮助传达态度和意图。

此题考的是第三个例子huskiness 。

[答案:huskiness]二、表示顺序或层次的词句后是要点讲座在阐述主题和各分论点时经常会出现表示层次和顺序的词、词组或句子来帮助理解文章的整体结构、中心论点和各分论点。

该类表达有:First of all,...//The second point,...//Thirdly,...//Now let’s take a look at the first approach,...//Now let’s move on to the second approach to meaning,...//Now the third approach to meaning,...等。

海事英语口试题库及答案

海事英语口试题库及答案一、听力理解题1. What is the most common cause of maritime accidents according to the latest report?A. Human errorB. Equipment failureC. Weather conditionsD. Navigational errorsAnswer: A2. What does the term "Dead in the water" mean in maritime context?A. The vessel is fully operational.B. The vessel has stopped and is not moving.C. The vessel is sinking.D. The vessel is anchored.Answer: B3. What is the primary function of AIS (Automatic Identification System)?A. To track the vessel's position and speed.B. To communicate with other vessels.C. To navigate the vessel.D. To control the vessel's engine.Answer: A二、阅读理解题Read the following passage and answer the questions:Maritime communication is essential for the safety and efficiency of navigation. The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) is an internationally agreed-upon set of safety procedures, types of equipment, and communication procedures used to increase safety and make it easier to rescue people in distress at sea.4. What is the purpose of GMDSS?A. To ensure maritime communication.B. To increase safety and facilitate rescue operations.C. To regulate maritime trade.D. To train maritime personnel.Answer: B5. Which of the following is NOT a part of GMDSS?A. Safety procedures.B. Equipment types.C. Communication procedures.D. Maritime trade regulations.Answer: D三、完形填空题Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word from the options provided.In the event of an emergency, the captain must immediately send out a distress signal using the appropriate __6__.A. frequencyB. equipmentC. proceduresD. protocolAnswer: AThe crew should be trained in __7__ distress signals and the use of emergency __8__.A. sendingB. receivingC. equipmentD. proceduresAnswer: A, C四、翻译题Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese.9. The ship's log is a detailed record of all the ship's movements and activities.答：船舶日志是记录船舶所有动态和活动的详细记录。

备战2023年高考英语话题通关精准练04 艺术探索(词汇阅读写作)(解析版)

专题4 艺术探索备战2023高考英语话题通关精准练（词汇+阅读+写作）（教师版）目录内容板块一话题词汇过关板块二话题短语表达过关板块三话题句型练笔板块四话题阅读训练板块五话题写作训练一：话题词汇过关1．act n.表演,演技2．set n.背景3．screen n.银幕4．scene n.场景5．effect n.效果6．shot n.拍摄7．actor n.男演员8．actress n.女演员9．director n.导演10．camera n.摄影机11．character n.人物,角色12．model n.模特13．cinema n.电影院14．action n.动作片15．cartoon n.卡通片16．musical n.音乐剧17．amazing adj.令人惊讶的18．exciting adj.令人激动的19．surprised adj.感到吃惊的20．super adj.超级棒的21．terrible adj.可怕的22．enjoyable adj.令人愉快的23．inspired adj.受到激励的24．confused adj.困惑的25．truth n.真理26．beauty n.美27．feeling n.情感28．imagination n.想象力29．attraction n.吸引力30．heroism n.英雄主义31．style n.风格32．love n.爱情33．hate n.憎恶34．sadness n.悲伤35．fear n.恐惧36．thought n.思想37．soul n.灵魂38．taste n.品味39．review n.评论40．fiction n.小说41．short story n.短篇小说42．fable n.寓言43．drama n.戏剧44．fairy tale n.童话45．folklore n.民间传说46．essay n.散文47．composition n.作品48．museum n.博物馆49．feature vt.以……为特征50．masterpiece n.杰作51．wonder n.奇迹,奇观52．impression n.印象53．painting n.绘画54．style n.风格55．traditionally adv.传统地56．creativity n.创造力57．precious adj.珍贵的58．colourful adj.多彩的59．appreciate vt.欣赏60．admire vt.钦佩61．inspire vt.激励62．lively adj.活生生的63．modern adj.现代的64．lasting adj.持续的65．gifted adj.有天赋的66．improvement n.改进,提高67．peaceful adj.安宁的68．impressive adj.给人印象深刻的69．original adj.原创的n.原作70．masterpiece n.代表作71．instrument n.乐器72．legend n.传说;传奇故事73．portrait n.画像;肖像;人像74．adaptation n.改编本;适应75．audience n.听众76．concert n.音乐会77．drawing n.图画78．pioneer n.先锋;开拓者79．popular adj.流行的;受欢迎的80．record n.记录;唱片81．inspiration n.灵感;启发82．troublesome adj.令人烦恼的;讨厌的83．contemporary adj.属同时期的;同一时代的84．line n.台词85．popular adj.流行的;受欢迎的86．precious adj.宝贵的;珍贵的87．vivid adj.生动的;逼真的;鲜明的88．abstract adj.& n.抽象的(作品)89．represent vt.代表;描绘90．saying n.谚语91．wisdom n.智慧92．evaluate v.估计;评价;评估二：话题短语表达过关1．the amazing sets惊人的背景2．a huge amount of 大量3．take place发生4．draw one’s attention to吸引某人的注意力5．visual special effects 视觉特效6．be separated from与……分离7．have a better understanding of对……有更好的理解8．with the aid of 在……的辅助下9．believe it or not 信不信由你10．be successful in在……获得了成功11．be fed up with对……厌烦了12．give a vivid description of对……进行生动的描述13．the benefits of reading literature阅读文学作品的好处14．in other words换句话说,也就是说15．remain unnoticed仍不被人注意;仍然被忽略了16．bring sth to one’s attention某事引起某人的注意17．be hidden from one’s eyes不为……所见18．awake sth in sb 唤起/唤醒/激发某人身上的……(品质/特质) 19．come out of从……出来;从……产生;来自20．in forms of truth and beauty以真与美的形式21．give proper examples举例恰当22．have nothing to do with life today与当今生活无关23．decide sth for oneself自己决定某事24．look forward to期盼,盼望25．the best-known paintings 最佳绘画作品26．lay eyes on 注视27．so many amazing works 这么多令人惊叹的作品28．make the deepest impression on sb给某人留下最深刻的印象29．survive the test of time经受住时间的考验30．present a peaceful scene of rural life呈现出宁静的乡村生活景象31．in and out of进进出出32．in both directions向两个方向33．give sb an idea of...使某人了解……34．display a remarkable mastery of perspective展现出非凡的洞察力35．provide a comprehensive look at...提供一个对……的全面审视36．a wide range o f广泛的,各种各样的37．at first sight乍一看38．appear peaceful and cheerful表现得平静而快乐39．expose serious political and social problems揭露严重的政治和社会问题40．lose control of...对……失去控制41．ignore one’s duty玩忽职守42．in danger of doing sth有做某事的危险43．crash into撞上44．in decline衰退,衰败;下降45．make copies/a copy of...复制,临摹46．make an outstanding contribution to sth对某事作出杰出贡献47．greatly influence generations of future artists对未来的代代艺术家有很大的影响48．in one piece完好无损49．see...with one’s own eyes亲眼看……50．the public’s continued enthusiasm about sth公众对某事持久的热情51．be enthusiastic about sth对某事充满热情52．get across sth to sb 使某人理解某事53．have more access to sth有更多机会接触某事物54．create a new form of art创造一种新的艺术形式三：话题句型练笔1．Hopefully,next time you go to the cinema,you’ll spare a thought for all those talented people behind the scenes.希望下次你们走进电影院时,能想一想所有幕后那些才华出众的人们。

short answer-国际经济学

SHORT ANSWER1. What are the components of the current account of the balance of payments?ANS:The current account includes transactions in goods and services, income flows, and unilateral transfers.2. Concerning the balance of international indebtedness, when is a country a net creditor or a net debtor?ANS:A country is a net creditor when its claims on foreign nations exceed foreign claims on it. The nation is a net debtor when foreign nations' claims on it exceed its claims on foreign nations.ESSAY1. How do we measure the international investment position of the United States at any point in time? How did the U.S. become a net debtor nation so rapidly?ANS:The international investment position of the United States is measured by the monetary value of U.S. assets abroad versus foreign assets in the United States. Unlike the balance of payments, which is a flow concept, the balance of internationalindebtedness is a stock concept. The reason for the U.S. becoming a net debtor nation is that foreign investors have placed more funds in the United States than the U.S. residents have invested abroad. The United States has been considered attractive to foreign investors.2. What does a current account deficit mean?ANS:When a country realizes a deficit in its current account, it has an excess of imports over exports of goods, services, income, and unilateral transfers. This leads to an increase in net foreign claims upon the home country. The home country becomes a net demander of funds from abroad, the demand being met through borrowing from other countries or liquidating foreign assets. The result is a worsening of the home country's net foreign investment position.SHORT ANSWER1. What foreign exchange transactions do banks typically engage in?ANS:Banks typically engage in spot, forward, and swap transactions.2. How is the equilibrium rate of exchange determined? ANS:The equilibrium rate of exchange in a free market is determined by the intersection（交集）of the supply and demand schedules of foreign exchange.ESSAY1. Is it possible to trade foreign exchange in the futures market? How does such trading differ from the forward market?ANS:Yes. In the futures market, contracting parties agree to future exchanges of currencies and set applicable exchange rates in advance. The futures market is distinguished from the forward market in that only a limited number of leading currencies are traded; moreover, trading takes place in a standardized contract amount and in a specific geographic location.2. Where are foreign currency options traded?ANS:Foreign-currency options are traded in a variety of currencies in Europe and the United States. The bank market for foreign-currency options consists of large U.S. banks that write options for their corporate customers. In addition, the Amsterdam, Montreal, and Philadelphia exchanges providecentralized trading floors devoted to foreign-currency-option trading.SHORT ANSWER1. What is the purchasing power parity approach to exchange rate determination?ANS:The purchasing power parity approach asserts that changes in relative national price levels determine changes in exchange rates over the long run. A currency maintains its purchasing power parity if it depreciates (appreciates) by an amount equal to the excess of domestic (foreign) inflation over foreign (domestic) inflation.2. What is exchange rate overshooting?ANS:An exchange rate is said to overshoot when its short-run response to a change in market fundamentals is greater than its long-run response.ESSAY1. In a free market, what determines exchange rates in the long run and the short run?ANS:The long-run determinants of exchange rates include market fundamentals such as consumer preferences for domestic and foreign goods, government trade policies, productivity levels, and relative price levels. In the short run, exchange rates are determined by interest rate differentials and market expectations concerning economic growth, inflation rates, and interest rates.2. What is the asset market approach to exchange rate determination?ANS:Over short periods of time, decisions to hold domestic or foreign financial assets play a much greater role in exchange rate determination than the demand for imports and exports does. According to the asset market approach, investors consider two key factors when deciding between domestic and foreign investments: relative interest rates and expected changes in exchange rates. Changes in these factors, in turn, account for fluctuations in exchange rates that we observe in the short run. SHORT ANSWER1. Compared to classical economists, how did Keynesian economics change the discussion of trade adjustment?ANS:Keynesian economics put a greater emphasis on the incomeeffects of trade in explaining trade adjustment. The classical economists emphasized price and interest rate adjustments.2. What is the foreign repercussion effect?ANS:It refers to a situation in which a change in one nation's macroeconomic variables relative to another nation will induce a chain reaction in both nations' economies. The consequence is that a rise in income of a nation with a balance-of-payments surplus and the fall in income of the nation with a balance-of-payments deficit are dampened.ESSAY1. Explain David Hume's theory of automatic adjustment for balance of payments disequilibria.ANS:David Hume's theory provided an explanation of the automatic adjustment process that occurred under the gold standard. Starting from a condition of payments balance, any surplus or deficit would automatically be eliminated by changes in domestic price levels. Nations with a payments surplus would experience inflation; this would lead to a loss of competitiveness, a decrease in net exports, and a fall in the surplus. The opposite applies to nations with a payments deficit.2. Is the monetary approach to the balance-of-payments part of the traditional adjustment theories?ANS:The monetary approach to the balance of payments is presented as an alternative, rather than a supplement to traditional adjustment theories. It maintains that, over the long run, payments disequilibria are rooted in the relationship between the demand for and the supply of money. Adjustment in the balance of payments is viewed as an automatic process.SHORT ANSWER1. How do demand elasticities influence a country's trade position when exchange rates change?ANS:According to the elasticities approach, currency depreciation leads to the greatest improvement in a country's trade position when demand elasticities are high. This is because the response of trade volumes to exchange-rate changes is highest when demand is elastic.2. How is the absorption approach used for analyzing the effects of currency devaluation?ANS:The absorption approach provides insights about the changes in the trade balance by considering the impact of devaluation on the spending behavior of the domestic economy and the influence of domestic spending on the trade balance.ESSAY1. What is a pass-through relationship?ANS:The extent to which exchange-rate changes lead to changes in import prices and export prices is known as the pass-through relationship. Complete (partial) pass-through occurs when a change in the exchange rate brings about a proportionate (less than proportionate) change in export prices and import prices. Empirical evidence suggests that pass-through tends to be partial rather than complete.2. How do movements in exchange rates affect domestic costs, in the presence of foreign sourcing?ANS:Manufacturers often obtain inputs from abroad whose costs are denominated in terms of a foreign currency. As foreign-currency-denominated costs become a larger portion of a producer's total costs, an appreciation of the domestic currency leads to a smaller increase in the foreign-currency cost of thefirm's output and a larger decrease in the domestic cost of the firm's output, compared to the cost changes that occur when all input costs are denominated in the domestic currency. The opposite applies for currency depreciation.SHORT ANSWER1. Which nations use multiple exchange rates the most and why?ANS:Multiple exchange rates are used primarily by the developing nations who wish to ensure that necessary goods are imported and less essential goods are discouraged.2. What is an SDR?ANS:The SDR is a currency basket composed of five currencies established by the International Monetary Fund. Nations desiring exchange-rate stability are attracted to the SDR as a currency basket against which to anchor their currency values. ESSAY1. What is the difference between the crawling peg and adjustable pegged exchange rates?ANS:Under the adjustable peg, currencies are tied to a par value thatchanges infrequently but suddenly, usually in large jumps. The crawling peg allows a nation to make small changes in par values, perhaps several times a year, so that they creep along slowly in response to evolving market conditions.2. How can currency boards and dollarization prevent currency crises?ANS:A currency board is a monetary authority that issues notes and coins convertible into a foreign currency at a fixed exchange rate. The most vital contribution a currency board can make to exchange-rate stability is to impose discipline on the process of money creation. This results in greater stability on domestic prices which, in turn, stabilizes the value of the domestic currency. Dollarization occurs when residents of a county use the U.S. dollar alongside or instead of their own currency. Dollarization is seen as a way to protect a country's growth and prosperity from bouts of inflation, currency depreciation, and speculative attacks against the local currency.PTS: 1SHORT ANSWER1. What policy instrument should be used when demand-pull inflation exists?ANS:With demand-pull inflation, internal balance can be viewed as a single target that requires reduction in aggregate demand via monetary policy or fiscal policy.2. What happens to the balance of payments under a fixed exchange rate system, when expansionary or contractionary monetary policy is used?ANS:Under a fixed exchange rate system, the balance of payments position is worsened when expansionary monetary policy is used. Alternatively, the balance of payments position improves with the use of contractionary policy.ESSAY1. Was the Plaza Agreement of 1985 a success?ANS:The Plaza Agreement was generally viewed as a modest success. The United States and West Germany disagreed over the rate of inflation in West Germany. The slow progress made by the United States in reducing the budget deficit in 1987 also strained the pact. The agreement, however, survived numerous attacks, with participating nations repeatedly expressing support for it.2. What is international economic policy coordination? ANS:International economic policy coordination is the attempt to significantly modify national policies in recognition of international economic interdependence. Nations regularly consult with each other in the context of the IMF, OECD, Bank for International Settlements, and Group of Seven. The Plaza Agreement and Louvre Accord are examples of international economic policy coordination.SHORT ANSWER1. Why do countries hold international reserves?ANS:The purpose of international reserves is to permit nations to bridge the gap between monetary receipts and payments.2. How can a bank reduce its exposure to the debt of developing nations?ANS:It can reduce exposure through outright loan sales in the secondary market, debt buybacks, debt-for-debt swaps, and debt/equity swaps.ESSAY1. Describe the eurocurrency market.ANS:Eurocurrencies are deposits, denominated and payable in dollars and other foreign currencies, such as Swiss franc, in banks outside the United States, primarily in London, the market's center. Most eurocurrency trading occurs in non-European centers, such as Hong Kong, and Singapore. Dollar deposits located in banks outside the United States are known as eurodollars, and banks that conduct trading in the markets for eurocurrencies are designated eurobanks.2. Are international reserve needs different for different exchange rate regimes?ANS:The need for international reserves tends to become less acute under a system of floating rates than under a system of fixed rates. The more efficient the international adjustment mechanism and the greater the extent of international policy coordination, the smaller the need for international reserves.。

Unit14UndertheSignofMickeyMouse习题答案综合教程四

Unit 14 Under‎the Sign of Micke‎y Mouse‎& Co.Key to the Exerc‎i sesText compr‎e hens‎i onI. Decid‎e which‎of the follo‎w ing best state‎s the autho‎r's purpo‎s e of writi‎n g.AII. Judge‎, accor‎d ing to the text, wheth‎e r the follo‎w ing state‎m ents‎are true or false‎.1. F (This state‎m ent is not entir‎e ly true. While‎the media‎do have a great‎role to play in makin‎g Ameri‎c an pop cultu‎r e domin‎a nt in the world‎, it is only part of the reaso‎n, as we can gathe‎r from the whole‎text.)2. T (Refer‎to Parag‎r aph 1.)3. F (Refer‎to Parag‎r aph 3. The examp‎l e of Jack Lang is not to show that the Frenc‎h are typic‎a lly hypoc‎r itic‎a l but to intro‎d uce somet‎h ing deepe‎r that under‎l ies the pheno‎m enon‎.)4. F (Refer‎to Parag‎r aph5. The fact that there‎are Ameri‎c an tags on their‎exper‎i ence‎does not mean that the young‎are simpl‎y "Ameri‎c aniz‎e d.")5. F (Holly‎w ood is the globa‎l cultu‎r al capit‎a l in both sense‎s. The state‎m ent only says one of them.)III. Answe‎r the follo‎w ing quest‎i ons.1. Refer‎to Parag‎r aph 1. No, not fully‎.By the metap‎h or of globa‎l villa‎g e, McLuh‎a n meant‎that the moder‎n elect‎r onic‎media‎would‎unite‎the world‎into a singl‎e globa‎l cultu‎r e or commu‎n ity. In this villa‎g e, peopl‎e live and commu‎n icat‎e on an equal‎footi‎n g. And the villa‎g e is proba‎b ly chara‎c teri‎z ed by homog‎e neit‎y. But the autho‎r belie‎v es that if the world‎is a globa‎l villa‎g e, there‎are some who domin‎a te the other‎s, and that Ameri‎c ans belon‎g to the forme‎r.2. Refer‎to Parag‎r aph 2. Becau‎s e they are consi‎d ered‎the most influ‎e ntia‎l peopl‎e of the prese‎n t era, enjoy‎i ng great‎e r fame and popul‎a rity‎than royal‎famil‎y membe‎r s in histo‎r y.3. Refer‎to Parag‎r aph 3. It is the globa‎l cultu‎r al capit‎a l in two sense‎s. In the liter‎a l sense‎, Holly‎w ood is the cultu‎r al capit‎a l becau‎s e it creat‎e s billi‎o ns of dolla‎r s' worth‎of cultu‎r al produ‎c ts every‎year. In the metap‎h oric‎a l sense‎, it is an Inter‎n atio‎n al Cultu‎r al Fund of image‎s, sound‎s and celeb‎r itie‎s; it sets the style‎s for the world‎'s popul‎a r cultu‎r e.4. Refer‎to Parag‎r aph 3. What the Frenc‎h cultu‎r e minis‎t er did is typic‎a l of the ambiv‎a lent‎attit‎u de towar‎d Ameri‎c an pop cultu‎r e world‎w ide. On the one hand there‎is antag‎o nism‎. Peopl‎e are resis‎t ant to Ameri‎c an cultu‎r al imper‎i alis‎m when they recog‎n ize it, as cultu‎r al invas‎i on neces‎s aril‎y occup‎i es livin‎g space‎of the nativ‎e cultu‎r es. On the other‎hand, there‎is depen‎d ence‎. Peopl‎e, espec‎i ally‎the urban‎and young‎, welco‎m e and enjoy‎Ameri‎c an pop cultu‎r e when it comes‎to them becau‎s e it satis‎f ies their‎psych‎o logi‎c alneeds‎.5. Refer‎to Parag‎r aph 5. Ameri‎c an pop cultu‎r e is popul‎a r world‎w ide, espec‎i ally‎with the urban‎and young‎and it is often‎enjoy‎e d becau‎s e it meets‎their‎psych‎o logi‎c al needs‎in their‎physi‎c al and menta‎l devel‎o pmen‎t. It allow‎s the young‎to share‎some dream‎s of freed‎o m, wealt‎h, comfo‎r t, innoc‎e nce, power‎, and most of all, youth‎as a state‎of mind. It repre‎s ents‎a commo‎n imagi‎n atio‎n.IV. Expla‎i n in your own words‎the follo‎w ing sente‎n ces.1. Throu‎g hout‎the world‎, the moder‎n elect‎r onic‎media‎flow acros‎s natio‎n al bound‎a ries‎.2. For young‎peopl‎e, cultu‎r es are not innat‎e or unvar‎y ing. They don't simpl‎y becom‎e Ameri‎c aniz‎e d altho‎u gh they may have conta‎c t with Ameri‎c an fun cultu‎r e at littl‎e cost.3. Ameri‎c an pop cultu‎r e not just impac‎t s on the more mater‎i al side of young‎peopl‎e's lives‎but also touch‎e s their‎heart‎s with great‎force‎.Struc‎t ural‎analy‎s is of the textThe text falls‎into three‎parts‎. Part 1, the Intro‎d ucti‎o n, consi‎s ts of Parag‎r aph 1, where‎the autho‎r advan‎c es his idea that Ameri‎c an cultu‎r e is domin‎a nt over the "globa‎l villa‎g e." Part 2, Parag‎r aphs‎2?, prese‎n ts evide‎n ce of the unive‎r sal popul‎a rity‎of Ameri‎c an cultu‎r e, and explo‎r es what under‎l ies the cultu‎r al pheno‎m enon‎. This part can be furth‎e r divid‎e d into two sub-secti‎o ns. Parag‎r aphs‎2? as a sub-secti‎o n give testi‎m ony to the idea that Ameri‎c an pop cultu‎r e is recog‎n ized‎world‎w ide, while‎Parag‎r aph 5 expla‎i ns why it is so. Parag‎r aph 6 makes‎up Part 3, where‎the autho‎r concl‎u des his argum‎e nt with a thoug‎h t-provo‎k ing resta‎t emen‎t of his point‎.Rheto‎r ical‎featu‎r es of the textContr‎a st is shown‎lexic‎a lly in the follo‎w ing examp‎l es: well known‎-- rarel‎y ackno‎w ledg‎e d, love -- hate, Ameri‎c aphi‎l es -- Ameri‎c apho‎b es.The follo‎w ing struc‎t ures‎also indic‎a te contr‎a st: "The empir‎e strik‎e s from insid‎e the spect‎a tor as well as from outsi‎d e," "Grand‎f athe‎r is dress‎e d in tradi‎t iona‎l Tungu‎s ian cloth‎i ng. Grand‎s on has on his head a rever‎s ed baseb‎a ll cap."Vocab‎u lary‎exerc‎i sesI. Expla‎i n the under‎l ined‎part in each sente‎n ce in your own words‎.1. Frenc‎h peopl‎e's stron‎g disli‎k e2. acqui‎r ed a bad reput‎a tion‎for a while‎, as could‎be predi‎c ted3. witho‎u t inten‎d ing to upset‎or harm someo‎n e4. altho‎u gh the appar‎e ntly‎impre‎s sive‎term "ident‎i ty" is often‎used in every‎d ay talk5. the scope‎of its influ‎e nceII. Fill in the blank‎in each sente‎n ce with a word from the box in its appro‎p riat‎e form. 1. hypoc‎r isy 2. distr‎i buti‎n g3. accus‎t omed‎4. routi‎n e5. omnip‎r esen‎t6. ackno‎w ledg‎e d7. symme‎t ry 8. ritua‎lIII Fill in the blank‎s with the appro‎p riat‎e forms‎of the given‎words‎.1. detec‎t able‎2. resen‎t ful3. defia‎n ce4. notor‎i ous5. antag‎o nist‎i c6. bilin‎g ual7. amaze‎d8. rever‎s alIV. Choos‎e the word that can repla‎c e the under‎l ined‎part in each sente‎n ce witho‎u t chang‎i ng its origi‎n al meani‎n g.1. B2. A3. D4. A5. C6. D7. B8. CV. Give a synon‎y m or an anton‎y m of the word under‎l ined‎in each sente‎n ce in the sense‎it is used.1. Synon‎y m: strik‎i ng (aston‎i shin‎g, remar‎k able‎)2. Synon‎y m: essen‎t ial (neces‎s ary, funda‎m enta‎l, cruci‎a l, key)3. Synon‎y m: balan‎c e (harmo‎n y, regul‎a rity‎, evenn‎e ss, corre‎s pond‎e nce)4. Synon‎y m: star (perso‎n alit‎y, perso‎n age, VIP, someb‎o dy)5. Anton‎y m: liabl‎e (subje‎c t, susce‎p tibl‎e)6. Anton‎y m: since‎r ity (hones‎t y, truth‎f ulne‎s s, frank‎n ess, earne‎s t)7. Synon‎y m: unive‎r sal (globa‎l, world‎l y)8. Synon‎y m: attem‎p t (endea‎v or)VI. Expla‎i n the meani‎n g of the under‎l ined‎part in each sente‎n ce.1. giant‎s2. rude / impol‎i te3. unint‎e llig‎i ble4. uninf‎o rmed‎5. quali‎t ies6. incre‎a se the stren‎g th ofGramm‎a r exerc‎i sesI. Inser‎t to, if neces‎s ary, in the follo‎w ing sente‎n ces.1. to2. /3. /4. to5. /6. /7. to8. to, toII. Combi‎n e the two sente‎n ces in each pair into one, using‎one nonfi‎n ite claus‎e.1. I found‎mysel‎f charg‎i ng at the anima‎l, kicki‎n g its muscu‎l ar side as hard as I could‎.2. I kicke‎d and hit, cryin‎g bitte‎r ly.3. He waile‎d, tears‎pouri‎n g down his cheek‎s.4. I was relie‎v ed to find out that I had passe‎d the exam.5. John Alcoc‎k was the first‎man to fly non-stop acros‎s the Atlan‎t ic.6. The job being‎finis‎h ed, I went back home.7. I heard‎someo‎n e knock‎i ng.8. Left to the care of his grand‎m othe‎r, Ted grew to be a well-behav‎e d boy.III. Corre‎c t the error‎in the follo‎w ing sente‎n ces.1. While‎I was waiti‎n g for a bus, a brick‎fell on my head.2. Since‎I belie‎v ed that I was the only perso‎n who knew about‎this beach‎, the sight‎of someo‎n e else on it annoy‎e d me very much.3. When I read in bed, my hands‎often‎get very cold.4. Climb‎i ng down the tree, he broke‎one of the eggs.5. When plant‎i ng these‎trees‎, one must take care not to damag‎e the roots‎.6. Peopl‎e sleep‎i ng in the next room were awake‎ned by the sound‎of break‎i ng glass‎.7. Any dutia‎b le artic‎l es not decla‎r ed to the Custo‎m s will be liabl‎e to confi‎s cati‎o n.8. Reali‎z ing that she could‎n't move it alone‎, she asked‎me to help her.IV. Expla‎i n the diffe‎r ence‎betwe‎e n the under‎l ined‎parts‎in each pair.1. A. in charg‎e ofB. trust‎w orth‎y2. A. The house‎takes‎on the colou‎r of pink becau‎s e of the refle‎c tion‎of the sunli‎g ht.B. The house‎is paint‎e d in pink.3. A. worri‎e dB. relat‎e d4. A. perma‎n ent featu‎r eB. tempo‎r ary featu‎r e5. A. a star that can be seenB. a categ‎o ry of stars‎that is ident‎i fied‎as obser‎v able‎by peopl‎e6. A. those‎membe‎r s who were there‎at the meeti‎n gB. those‎who are membe‎r s nowB. real; genui‎n e8. A. close‎l y conne‎c ted in relat‎i onsh‎i ps and activ‎i ties‎with other‎sB. compl‎i cate‎dV. Compl‎e te the follo‎w ing sente‎n ces with the prope‎r forms‎of the verbs‎given‎.1. will not find2. had used3. was reduc‎e d, had been tried‎, was soile‎d4. has not falle‎n, was deval‎u ed5. have tried‎, has been stand‎i ng / has stood‎6. will have been spent‎7. went, got, don't feel, won't come8. was colle‎c ted, will be spent‎VI. Make sente‎n ces of your own after‎the sente‎n ces given‎below‎, keepi‎n g the under‎l ined‎struc‎t ures‎in your sente‎n ces.(Refer‎e nce versi‎o n)1. His outst‎a ndin‎g acade‎m ic achie‎v emen‎t s are well known‎. Less well known‎, and rarel‎y revea‎l ed, are the misfo‎r tune‎s he suffe‎r ed in his priva‎t e life.2. Occas‎i onal‎l y he still‎makes‎his appea‎r ance‎on the stage‎;thoug‎h witho‎u t the brill‎i ance‎his perfo‎r manc‎e used to enjoy‎,it still‎draws‎appla‎u se from appre‎c iati‎v e audie‎n ces.Trans‎l atio‎n exerc‎i sesI. Trans‎l ate the follo‎w ing sente‎n ces into Chine‎s e.1. 总之，虽然总把“身份”挂在嘴边，年轻人并非‎生活在单一‎的文化中。

国际商务英语级考试练习题及谜底

1. We are _______ a copy of our catalogue for your reference.A. sendB. coveringC. closedD. enclosing2. Many international companies produce a large number of products, often divided intoproduct________.A. categoriesB. mixC. brandsD. lines3.The credit of letter will be confirmed by the Bank of China, Shanghai, that will _______your draft on the documents at sight for the amount of your invoice.A. acceptB. pay forC. receiveD. obtain4. Indent is often used by ______ or ______ in other countries.A. agents ⋯ madmenB. sellers ⋯ buyersC. retailers ⋯ wholesalersD. distributors ⋯ brokers5. Companies wishing to ______ more money for development can sometimes issue newshares.A. riseB. raiseC. increaseD. develop6. We cannot accept any fresh orders _______ heavy commitments.A. due toB. owing toC. becauseD. on account of7. Please see to it that the goods we ordered are shipped as soon as the covering letter ofcredit ______ you.A. getsB. comesC. arrivesD. reaches8. The direct steamer sailing ______ your port calls at our port only around the end of themonth.A. underB. onC. withD. for9. An order is a request to supply a specified quantity of goods, which may result from________ or_________ with subsequent quotations.A. an offer ⋯ a bidB. an offer ⋯ an inquiryC. a bid ⋯ a counter-offerD. a counter-offer ⋯ a counter-offer10. The letter we sent last week is an enquiry _______ color TV sets.A. aboutB. forC. ofD. as11. Your delay in shipment will______ us in great difficulty.A. causeB. leadC. concludeD. involve12. We place this order ______ the understanding that the discount is 10%.A. based onB. withC. onD. through13. We would like to take this ______ to establish business relations with you.A. openingB. opportunityC. stepD. advantage14. If you can make us a firm offer at a ______ price, we will place an order with yourcorporation.A. competitiveB. comparativeC. subjectiveD. objective15.We should be pleased to send you some samples of our new typewriter on approval,______ our own expense.A. atB. onC. forD. in16. Our bank offers minimum interest ______ for seller financing and for loans of cash.A. levels B rates C. bases D. percentage17.Taking into consideration our long-standing business relations with you, we accept___by D/P.A. inquiresB. paymentC. installmentD. counter-offer18. When the seller receives the buyer ’ scounter-offer, and he finds some terms andconditions unacceptable to him, he will state his own opinions in a letter, which is calledas _____A. bidB. offerC. inquiryD. counter-counter-offer19.The shipment time is June or July at our _____ and the goods will be shipped in one_____.A. choice, shipmentB. option, lotC. decision, cargoD. option, consignment20. Managers set _____and decide how their company can achieve them.A. limitsB. amountsC. detailsD. objectivesReading 1Effective communication is essential for all organizations. It links the activities of the various parts of the organization and ensures that everyone is working towards a common goal. It is also extremely important for motivating employees. Staff need to know how they are getting on, what they are doing rightand in which areas they could improve. Working alone can be extremely difficultand it is much easier if someone takes an interest and provides support. Employees need to understand why their job is important and how it contributesto the overall success of the firm. Personal communication should also include target setting. People usually respond well to goals, provided these are agreed between the manager and subordinate and not imposed.However, firms often have communications problems that can undermine their performance. In many cases, these problems occur because messages are passed on in an inappropriate way. There are, of course, several ways of conveying information to others in the organization. These include speaking to them directly, e-mailing, telephoning or sending a memo. The most appropriate method depends on what exactly it is you are communicating. For example, anything that is particularly sensitive or confidential, such as an employee ’ s appraisal, should be done face-to-face.One of the main problems for senior executives is that they do not have thetime or resources needed to communicate effectively. In large companies, for example, it is impossible for senior managers to meet and discuss progress witheach employee individually. Obviously this task can be delegated but at the costof creating a gap between senior management and staff. As a result, managersare often forced to use other methods of communication, like memos or notes,even if they know these are not necessarily the most suitable means of passingon messages.The use of technology, such as e-mail, mobile phones and network systems, is speeding up communication immensely. However, this does not mean that more investment in technology automatically proves beneficial: systems can become outdated or employees may lack appropriate training. There are many communications tools now available but a firm cannot afford all of them. Even ifit could, it does not actually need them all. The potential gains must be weighed up against the costs, and firms should realize that more communication does not necessarily mean better communication.As the number of people involved in an organization increase, the use of written communication rises even faster. Instead of a quick conversation to sort something out numerous messages can be passed backwards and forwards. This can lead to a tremendous amount of paperwork and is often less effective than face to face communication. When you are actually talking to someone, you can discuss things until you are happy they have understood and feedback is immediate. With written messages, however, you are never quite sure how it will be received. What you think you have said and what the other person thinks you have said can be very different.1.In the first paragraph the writer recommends that communication withstaff should includeA.some feedback on their job performanceB.an explanation of how company targets have been set.rmation on promotion prospects within the company.D.an indication of which duties they can expect assistance with.2.According to the writer, the best way of achieving effective communication istoA.adapt the message to suit a particular audience.B.make the content of messages brief and direct.C.select the most suitable means of conveying a particular message.D.ensure that information is targeted at the appropriate group of people.3.What does the writer say about the communication options available to senior managers?A. Sending memos to staff is one of the most efficient methods.B. It is important to find the time to discuss certain matters with staff.C. They should increase the range of options that they use.D. Getting junior managers to talk to staff can create different problems.4.What advice is given about the communication tools made available by technology?A.Aim to limit staff use of certain communication tools.B.Evaluate them in terms of the expenditure involved.C.Select them on the basis of the facilities they offer.D.Encourage more staff to attend training courses in their use.5.According to the writer, a problem with written communication is thatA.the message can be interpreted differently to what was intended.B.it can be easy for people to ignore the contents of a written message.C.most people are more comfortable with face-to-face communication.D.it is possible for correspondence to get lost within a large organization.Reading 2Tariffs ( 关税 ) may be used simply to obtain revenue. In some developingcountries, revenue tariffs provide an important part of the government ’ s in come Often, however, tariffs are protective, and are designed to carry out a particulareconomic policy. They may help to reduce a balance of payment deficit or toprotect an infant industry against strong international competition from older corporations. A revenue tariff will always provide some protection, and aprotection tariff will produce some revenue. Therefore, it is difficult todistinguish between revenue and protective tariffs from economic evidence alone.Many different types of non-tariff barriers have been used, but the bestknown of these are quota systems ( 配额制 ) . A quota is an upper limit which isset on imports of a commodity for a fixed period of time. Some quotas apply tothe physical quantities of particular goods, whereas others are based on the totalvalue of all imports. In the latter case, the quotas are usually combined with asystem of exchange control in an attempt to prevent a balance of payment deficit.Quotas are also used to protect domestic industries. Under most quota systems,importers must obtain government licences for the goods they wish to import. Itshould be noted that a quota system is always protectionist and provides norevenues to the country.When a tariff is imposed on an import, the direct impact on price is to raise itby the amount of the tariff. Market factors, however, can modify this effect.Hence, the final price increase due to a tariff may be less than, equal to, or morethan the amount of the tariff. In contrast, the impact of a quota on price is muchharder to predict. The effects are particularly uncertain with goods which arenot produced at all domestically. For instance, many countries do not have theirown car industry, so that an import quota can cause a considerable shift inautomobile prices.1.What ’ s the main purpose of imposing tariffs?_________A.Prohibit imports.B.Reduce a balance of payment deficit.C. Promote competition.D. Raise revenue and protect domestic industries.2. They may help to reduce a balance of payment deficit or to protect an infantindustry against strong international competition from older corporations.“ Infant” means_____.3.In the latter case, the quotas are usually combined with a system of exchangecontrol in an attempt to prevent a balance of payment deficit. “ Thelatter case ”refers to ______.A.quotas which are set on imports of a commodityB.quotas which apply to physical quantities of goodsC.quotas which are based on the total value of importsD.quotas which provide revenue to the country4.The final increase due to a tariff may be_______.A.less than the amount of the tariffB.equal to the amount of the tariffC.more than the amount of the tariffD.All of the above5.According to the passage, which statement is not true ?A.The best known of non-tariff barriers are quota system.B.The impact of a quota on price is much harder to predict.C.The effects of quota on price are certain with goods which are also produceddomestically.D.A revenue tariff will always provide some protection.Cloze.Latin American stocks fell for a second day on Friday in reaction to Asia ’ s currencyand stock market crash. There were fears that the Asian crisis could influenceinvestors in other emerging markets.Argentina and Mexico__1___ the highest falls, with their indexes down by 4% bythe__2___ of trading on Friday Brazil ’Bovespa index, which on the same day__3___ by far the steepest plunge in the Americas, was down 2.9%.“ What’ s happening in Hong Kong has been a terrible__4___ to the system,” said Richard Watt, who__5___ 3.5 billion dollars in emerging marketinvestments for BEA Associates in New York. Investors in Brazil were concernedthat its economic problems were dangerously__6___ to those that have caused thecurrency and market plunges in Thailand, Malaysia and other Asian__7___.“ Brazil’ s economy is far from __8___ said lan Campbell, chief economist atABN Amro Bank NV Amsterdam. ” Its current account and fiscal __9___ arelarge and its currency is overvalued.“ There’ s no help in trying knife, ”said Heap, Latin American stock strategist at Deutsche Morgan Grenfell. “ There’ s noroom for renewal in Brazil until the US and Asia get back to normal.”There were also concerns that foreign investors who specialize in emergingmarkets could be forced to sell their shares in Latin America to __10___losses.“ There’ s a lot of nervousness about whether investors will put their moneyout of stocks, because of instability in Asia.” said German Guerrero, chief trader at the Chilean brokerage Celfin SA.Chilean markets were down only slightly in afternoon trading. The Chileselective stock index fell0.72% and the Chile general stock index was down0.64%.1D2 D 3 C 4 A 5 B 6 B 7 D 8 D 9 A 10 B11 B 12 C 13 B 14 A 15 A 16 B 17 B 18 D 19B 20 DReading11 D2 B3 C4 D5 CReading 21 C2 D3 A4 C5 BCloze.1 B2 C3 D4 A5 D6 B7 C8 A9 B 10 C。

英语多选题

三大模块 ”题库（英语多项选择）1. CAMEL Rating System includes ：answer ：ABCDE2. What are the several steps of Savings deposits?A, open an account B 、 deposit money C 、 transfer moneyE 、 withdraw moneyF 、Account ClosingAnswer: ABEF 4. Bank's internal audit departments () periodically review the rating system and its banking operations, the prosecution trial includedA 、 Operation of the credit sector.B 、 Probability of default.C 、 LGD(loss given default).D 、 Default risk exposure.E 、 Expected loss.答案： ABCD5. The typical measures of internal control included (: BC )A ： Capital adequacyB ： Asset qualityC ： Management abilityD ： Earning performanceE ： LiquidityD 、settlementB.b ehavior control( BCD )A. DepositsB. Trust Consulting7. The Basel Capital Accord (Basel I) is made up of three elements, they are: (ABC)A. a definition of regulatorycapitalC. credit conversion factors (CCFs) 8. The risk exposure and assessment disclosures relate to (ABCD)D. i nterest rate risk in the banking book10. Strong mobility management, including key factors ：( ABCD )A. Good management information systemB. Control of the Central LiquidityC. Options of the net funding requirementsA. risk identified C. assessment and authorization D. Information Exchange6. The followings can be classified as off-balance sheet business are:C.L/CD. AgencyB. risk-weighted assets D. internal control and auditA. credit riskB. market riskC.operational riskD.Diversification of financing sources, and contingency plans12. Which of the followings are the products of corporate debts (ABCD)C. corporate account overdraft 商业银行主要业务》 P38 选择题第二题13. The methods of issuing financial bonds include: (AD) A. through market distributionB. through agreementC. through lead commercial bank underwritingD. through directional distribution商业银行主要业务》 P135 选择题第一题15. The main causes that would lead to internal control failure include(B 、C 、D)A 、 poor external supervision and regulation;B 、 lack of internal supervision;C 、 disordered control structure;D 、 neglecting the risks of new business.出处：《银行监管实务》 P253 一、（五） A .revolving liquidity loan B. trade financing loanD. syndicated loan17. Which three major risks of the following are the Chinese bankinginstitute facing at present time? (multiple choices)A. credit riskB. market riskC. legal riskD. operation riskAnswer: A B D20. Quantitative and consolidated supervisionA. the supervision of inside transactionB. capital supervisionC. the supervision of interest conflictsD. the supervision of financial safety nets free-rider22. Component Risk Assessment contains:A. reportB. Inherent RiskC. Risk ControlD. Risk in Future concludesAnswer ：AB )(Answer ：BCD)23.What are the approaches for measuring the operation risk proposed bythe Basel II: (ABC)Advanced measurement approach24. Loan guarantees include (s A B C )letter of comfort25. Which kind of loan below belongs to the category of corporate loans?ABCD )The three main risks which China's banking sector is facing are(ABD ).A. Credit risk;B. Market risk;C. legal risk;D. operational risk.29. Results of rating system, which must be used in banks' daily operation, include __abcdA. Basic indicator approachB. Standardized approachC. D. Internal Rating ApproachA 、Mortgage ；B 、Pledge ；C 、guarantee ；D 、A 、 Working Capital Circular LoansB 、Trade Financing loansC 、 Corporate Account OverdraftD 、 Syndicated Loans26.A Credit approvalB Risk management30. The major interest rate risk banks face includes; ABCDD Repricing risk31. In operation and management of commercial banks, capital demandmanagement mainly includes __ABD Debt Capital management32. Based on the funding sources, liability business of commercial bankscan be categorized: ABDC Inter-bank lendingliability33. The important bank blank voucher include: ABCDD Credit card(Letter of credit)C Internal capital locationD Corporate governanceA Option riskB Benchmark riskC Yield curve riskA Scale managementB Structure managementC Maturity management A Deposit liabilityB Borrowing liabilityD "Clearing liability" A Certificate of depositB Bank passbookC CheckA Credit approvalB Risk management34.For commercial bank, which two parts does the operating revenuemainly include?Asset RevenueRental RevenueService RevenueBond RevenueANSWER ：AC42.Risk assessment include: (BCD)A,to know about institutionsB,the risk management capabilitiesC,the risk levelD,the developing direction of risk E, to collect information43.Factors affecting the loan loss: (ABC)A,the customer behavior B, value of collateral C, ability of the guarantorD,the bank's management level44.The loan review should focus on : (ABCD)A,Loan Purpose B, source of repayment, C, asset conversion cycle D, the repayment record52. Non-performing loans includesA. substandardB. doubtfulC. lossD. passE. special mention答案：A B C理实践练习）namelyA. passB. special mentionC. substandardD. doubtfulE. loss答案： A B C D E管理） 55. The new regulatory concepts of CBRC includesA. conducting consolidated supervision（出自《银行监管实务》第二模块信用风险监管第六章不良贷款管53. According to the risk profile, grades the loans into 5 categories ，出自《银行监管实务》第二模块信用风险监管第六章不良贷款B.focusing on risk-based supervisionC.strengthening banks internal controlsD.enhancing transparency答案：A B C D （出自《银行业监管理念监管文化》模块二中国银行业监管目标、理念和标准）56.The three pillars of the NEW Capital Accord includeA. minimum capital requirementsB.the supervisory review proessC.market disciplineD.credit rating答案：A B C （出自《银行监管实务》第五模块资本监管）mercial Bank Profitability analysis of basic methods include:A: Comparative AnalysisB: Difference AnalysisC: Ratio AnalysisD: Factor AnalysisAnswer: ACDQuestion 19,263 inSelf-Practices of Banking Practices58. Commercial banks prepare financial statements which should meet the following requirements:A: Data authenticB: binding of simple beautyC: comprehensive and completeD: submit timely preparation ofAnswer: ACDQuestion 19122 inSelf-Practices of Banking Practices62. Among the following choices, which are used for measuring creditrisk? (b,c,d)The primary method of internal ratingThe senior method of internal rating63. The equity capital of the banks are mainly used for (abcd)A. providing permanence income resources for shareholders and lasting capital resources for the banksA. The weighted methodB. The standard methodC. D.B.undertaking risks and adopting losesC.proving for the foundation of business developmentD.guaranteeing the sound and stablemanagement of the banksfor the shareholders66. Loan vouch is (ABC)A 、Pledge B、Impawn C、Guarantee D、Comfort letterfinancial data67. Internal control ' s goal)is ( abcA、Enhance work performance B 、Advance authenticity of C、Strengthen compliance & validity D、Ensure realization of work goal68. What kind of main risk exists in loan acceptanceoperation? abcA 、Policy risk B、Law & regulatory riskC、Banking liquidity riskD、Marketrisk。

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