Online-ordering of End-to-End Connectivity Services over the Internet
2022年北京市海淀区高三下学期二模 英语
海淀区2021-2022学年第二学期期末练习考试时长90分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1．5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My grandfather was a writer of many books．As a child and a teenager,I wrote 1 trying to be an author like him．When I 2 my first book,I was not sure if I should throw it out to the world or shelter it forever．That's why I went to grandpa that night,my faithful reader,who once again gave me tremendous 3 ．"Did you bring the book？I heard you talk about it and I can't wait to see your 4 ．“Oh yeah,the book．I completed it yesterday，”I handed him the draft，“but I don't think it's that good…”He turned to a random page and 5 more of the pages．"Why do you think this isn't good？It looks fine to me．Very heart-warming．"“Well,I'm not sure．It could be better than it is now．"“You can't expect for the book to be 6 ．Writing is a skill that takes time．You already finished the story,and now you have to 7 others what you've got，"he passed the book back to me．"If people don't like it,then write again．Criticism is important,but you are going to have to keep on writing till you are 8 with your work．”"Is that how you became a writer？"“Yes,and every other writer before me．You have to start from the 9 and then reach the top．”I finally broke out into a smile and he did too．I looked carefully at the book one more time．The pages bound together gave me hope for the future．That settled it．I was going to have to 10 myself and let others see my work．For me and for my grandpa．1．A．fast B．well C．nonstop D．little 2．A．polished B．finished C．deleted D．published 3．A．tasks B．pressure C．rewards D．inspiration 4．A．progress B．style C．comment D．reaction 5．A．copied B．wrote C．scanned D．edited 6．A．perfect B．unique C．complex D．practical 7．A．send B．show C．teach D．sell8．A．content B．strict C．patient D．exhausted 9．A．end B．failure C．bottom D．criticism10．A．give up B．count on C．look after D．get over第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。
网上点餐的建议英语作文
网上点餐的建议英语作文Online Ordering: A Convenient and Efficient Way to Dine。
In recent years, online ordering has becomeincreasingly popular among diners. It is a convenient and efficient way to enjoy a meal, especially during busy workdays or when one is too tired to cook. With just a few clicks on a computer or smartphone, one can easily order food from a wide variety of restaurants and have itdelivered to their doorstep. In this essay, we will discuss the advantages and drawbacks of online ordering and provide some tips for making the most of this service.The Benefits of Online Ordering。
One of the main advantages of online ordering is convenience. It saves time and effort, as one can easily browse menus, place orders, and pay online without leaving their home or office. This is particularly useful forpeople who have busy schedules or those who live far fromtheir favorite restaurants. Online ordering also allows customers to order food at any time of the day or night, as many restaurants offer 24/7 delivery services.Another benefit of online ordering is the ability to customize orders. Customers can easily add or remove ingredients, choose their preferred level of spiciness, or make special requests. This is especially helpful for people with dietary restrictions or allergies, as they can easily avoid certain ingredients or ask for substitutions.Online ordering also offers a wider selection of restaurants and cuisines. Customers can easily explore different types of cuisine and discover new restaurants without having to physically visit them. This isparticularly useful for people who enjoy trying new foods or those who want to sample different cuisines from around the world.The Drawbacks of Online Ordering。
end-to-end quality adds up -回复
end-to-end quality adds up -回复"End-to-End Quality Adds Up" - How it Empowers Businesses for Sustainable GrowthIntroduction:In today's fiercely competitive business landscape, the focus on end-to-end quality has become paramount for organizations aiming to achieve sustainable growth. End-to-end quality refers to the continuous evaluation and improvement of processes, products, and services throughout the entire value chain. This approach involves every stage, from the procurement of raw materials to the final delivery of the product or service to the customer. By emphasizing a holistic perspective, end-to-end quality ensures a comprehensive and flawless customer experience. This article will delve into the elements and benefits of end-to-end quality, providing a step-by-step analysis of its significance for businesses in various sectors.1. Understanding End-to-End Quality:End-to-end quality is more than just focusing on individualcomponents or stages. It entails a systematic approach that incorporates every aspect of an organization's operations. It begins with rigorous quality control measures during the procurement and manufacturing processes, ensuring that only high-quality inputs are used. This is followed by stringent quality checks at each stage of production, ensuring that any defects or deviations are promptly identified and corrected. Finally, end-to-end quality encompasses efficient delivery mechanisms and exceptional after-sales customer support. By integrating all these elements, organizations ensure consistent and superior quality across the entire value chain.2. Enhancing Customer Satisfaction:One of the primary objectives of end-to-end quality is to enhance customer satisfaction. By consistently delivering products or services that meet or exceed customer expectations, businesses can build long-term customer loyalty. An organization that prioritizes end-to-end quality invests in research and development to understand customer needs and preferences accurately. This knowledge allows them to develop innovative offerings that cater precisely to their target market. Additionally, incorporating customer feedback mechanisms into the quality control processhelps identify areas of improvement, creating a culture of continuous enhancement.3. Efficiency and Cost Reduction:Implementing end-to-end quality requires organizations to streamline processes and eliminate waste. By identifying inefficiencies and bottlenecks within the value chain, businesses can optimize operations, reduce costs, and enhance overall productivity. For instance, leveraging technology and automation can significantly enhance manufacturing processes, minimizing errors and defects. These improvements not only reduce costs associated with rework or customer complaints but also result in faster turnaround times, enabling organizations to meet customer demands more efficiently.4. Competitive Advantage:End-to-end quality serves as a powerful differentiating factor in today's competitive business landscape. Organizations that prioritize quality gain a significant advantage over their competitors by building a reliable reputation and fosteringcustomer trust. A strong focus on quality allows businesses to penetrate new markets, expand their customer base, and increase their market share. Moreover, end-to-end quality acts as a barrier to entry for potential new competitors, making it challenging for them to replicate the same level of quality throughout the value chain.5. Corporate Social Responsibility:End-to-end quality also aligns with corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, contributing to sustainable development and environmental stewardship. By reducing waste, minimizing the use of non-renewable resources, and implementing eco-friendly practices, organizations can improve their environmental footprint. Furthermore, organizations that prioritize end-to-end quality often focus on fair labor practices, ensuring the well-being of their employees and suppliers.Conclusion:In conclusion, the emphasis on end-to-end quality has become essential for organizations aiming for sustainable growth andsuccess. Its comprehensive approach, encompassing every stage of the value chain, ensures consistent and superior quality in products and services. From enhancing customer satisfaction to reducing costs and gaining a competitive advantage, end-to-end quality offers multifaceted benefits to businesses. Moreover, it aligns with corporate social responsibility initiatives, contributing to a better society and a greener future. By prioritizing end-to-end quality, organizations can build robust foundations for enduring success in an increasingly competitive world.。
网上购物的利与弊英文作文七年级
网上购物的利与弊英文作文七年级全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Online Shopping: The Ups and DownsThese days, it seems like everyone is shopping online. My parents do it, my friends do it, even my grandma orders stuff from her iPad! Online shopping is super convenient, but it also has some downsides too. Let me break it down for you.The Pros of Online ShoppingConvenienceThis is probably the biggest advantage of online shopping. You can shop anytime, anywhere, as long as you have an internet connection. No more waiting for stores to open or dealing with crazy crowds. I can order a new video game or book from my bedroom at midnight if I want! My mom loves being able to buy groceries and household supplies online too when she doesn't have time to go to the store.SelectionWhen you shop online, you have way more choices than any physical store could offer. There are millions of products from all over the world available at your fingertips. If I'm looking for a rare baseball card or limited edition sneakers, I'm way more likely to find it online than at the mall. My sister is obsessed with K-pop merchandise and she can find all kinds of cool stuff from Korean websites that she'd never get locally.Price ComparisonsIt's so easy to compare prices across different websites when you shop online. Just a few clicks lets me see all the options and find the best deal. Plus, there are browser extensions that automatically apply discount codes at checkout. Finding bargains and saving money is a breeze! My parents always get me to check prices online before they buy anything expensive.The Cons of Online ShoppingWaiting for DeliveryAs great as online shopping is, one of the worst parts is having to wait for your stuff to actually arrive. Most of the time it only takes a few days, but sometimes it can be weeks if it's coming from far away or is backordered. I hate having to be patient when I want that new video game or graphic novel now!And there's always a chance things could get delayed, damaged, or lost in transit too.Can't See Products in PersonWhen you shop online, you're just going off pictures and descriptions of an item. But those don't always show you everything. What if the color looks different in person? What if the size or quality isn't what you expected? My friend ordered a prom dress online that looked gorgeous on the model's picture, but was totally cheaply made when she got it. You can't touch or inspect things before buying. Getting the wrong item is such a hassle to return too!Privacy and Security RisksAny time you buy stuff online, you have to enter all your personal info and payment details. That opens you up to hackers stealing your data or identity thieves trying to access your accounts. There are lots of scammy websites out there too that sell fake products then take your money and run. My dad is always warning me to be super careful about what sites I order from and not to click on suspicious links that could contain malware.At the end of the day, whether the pros outweigh the cons of online shopping really comes down to the specific situation. Sometimes it's awesome and sometimes it's a huge pain! I still love browsing at the mall with my friends, but I can't deny how convenient it is to get certain things online. As long as you're smart about it and know the risks, online shopping can be a great option. Just don't go too crazy - remember to look up from those screens sometimes!篇2The Rise of Online ShoppingOnline shopping has become super popular in recent years, especially among kids and teens like me. With just a few clicks on a website or app, we can buy almost anything we want from the comfort of our homes. No more having to drag our parents to crowded malls or stores!But as convenient as online shopping is, it also has some downsides we need to be aware of. In this essay, I'll discuss the major pros and cons so you can decide if this modern way of shopping is right for you.The Pros of Online ShoppingConvenienceThis is probably the biggest advantage of shopping online. We can browse and buy whatever we want 24/7 without ever leaving our homes. For busy families and students with lots of activities, this saves so much time compared to going out to stores.Wider SelectionOnline stores can show way more products than any physical store since they don't have limited shelf space. Whether you're looking for the hottest new sneakers or an obscure book, you're likely to find it online. The options are almost endless!Price ComparisonsWith traditional shopping, you'd have to visit multiple stores to compare prices on the same item. But online, you can easily browse different sites to find the best deals with just a few clicks. There are also cool price comparison tools that do this for you.No CrowdsI don't know about you, but I hate dealing with huge crowds when shopping at malls and popular stores, especially during holidays. With online shopping, no crowds to battle – just peace and quiet as you buy from home.PrivacySome people feel embarrassed buying personal items in public stores. But online, you can get whatever you need delivered discreetly without anyone judging you.The Cons of Online ShoppingWait TimesAs convenient as online shopping is, you still have to wait for your order to ship and arrive. Sometimes it takes weeks, which can be frustrating if you need something right away. Within-person shopping, you get your purchase immediately.Shipping CostsWhile some sites offer free shipping, oftentimes you have to pay extra shipping fees that can really add up, especially if you're ordering multiple items from different places. These fees can eat into the money you saved by finding online deals.Can't Touch/Try ItemsA huge downside of virtual shopping is not being able to physically see, touch, or try on items before buying, like clothes. You have to rely on photos and descriptions, which cansometimes be deceiving. Lots of people end up returning online orders that don't match expectations.Potential ScamsUnfortunately, there are scammers out there creating fake online stores to steal people's payment info and money. You have to be really careful about the sites you order from to avoid getting ripped off.Packaging WasteAll those cardboard boxes and plastic packaging that online orders come in create a ton of extra waste that's bad for the environment. It's something to keep in mind if you care about sustainability.So those are the major pros and cons of online shopping from a kid's perspective. As you can see, it's an incredibly convenient way to shop and find amazing deals. But there are also risks and hassles involved that you need to watch out for.Personally, I do a mix of both online and in-person shopping depending on what I need. If it's clothes or something I want to try on first, I'll go to an actual store. But for books, electronics, and other items where sizing doesn't matter, I usually opt for the ease of online ordering.At the end of the day, online shopping is an amazing modern luxury. But we have to be smart and safety-conscious consumers, especially us kids and teens. As long as we understand the potential pitfalls, we can take full advantage of this cool technology while avoiding the downsides. Happy shopping!篇3The Upsides and Downsides of Shopping on the InternetHi there! My name is Jamie and I'm going to tell you all about online shopping - the good parts and the bad parts. It's something my parents do a lot, and sometimes I get to do it too when I need new clothes, games, or books. There's a lot to talk about when it comes to buying stuff over the internet, so let's get started!The Good Stuff About Online ShoppingOne of the biggest pluses of internet shopping is that it's just so darn convenient. Instead of having to get dressed, hop in the car, drive to the mall or store, find a parking spot, and walk around until you find what you want, you can do it all from your computer or phone. With a few clicks, you can order practically anything and it will be delivered right to your house in a matterof days. No traffic, no trudging through crowded stores - it's shopping in your pajamas!Another great thing is the amazing selection you have online. Even the biggest mall can't compare to the millions of products available on major shopping sites like Amazon. You can find the most niche, obscure, or hard-to-find items that you'd never locate at a regular store. Shopping online also makes it really easy to compare prices across different websites to find the best deals.Those are some of the main advantages, but here are some other cool upsides too:• You can read reviews before buying something to see if it's good quality or not• There are often online-exclusive deals and discounts you can't get in stores• You can shop at any time of day or night when it's convenient for you• You don't have to lug heavy items back to your car or houseThe Not-So-Good Stuff About Shopping OnlineAs great as online shopping can be, it definitely has some downsides too. One of the biggest is that you don't get to actually see, touch, smell or try on the item before you buy it. You have to go by the description and pictures, which doesn't always show the full picture. I've gotten clothes that looked nice online but didn't fit right at all when they arrived.Speaking of arrivals, that's another potential issue - items getting delayed, damaged, or lost in shipping. Once you click "order," you're at the mercy of the delivery service to get your stuff to you in one piece. Packages have ended up at the wrong house, gotten mangled or soaked in transit, or even gone missing without a trace. That's no fun after eagerly awaiting something you really wanted.There are some other disadvantages too:• You might have to pay pricey shipping fees, especially for heavy or oversized items• It can be riskier giving your payment info over the internet if the site isn't secure• Yo u can't get your purchase right away like in a store, you have to wait for delivery• It's easy to overspend when you're just clicking away without realizing how much you're buying• You miss out on the experience of going shopping as a fun activityThe Verdict?So those are some of the big pros and cons when it comes to shopping online versus in person. In my opinion, both have their upsides and downsides. If I need something quickly or want to try things on first, then a real life store is better. But if I'm ok with waiting a few days and not being able to get a real feel for the product, then online can be much more convenient.At the end of the day, I'm just glad we have so many options for getting the stuff we want and need. As long as you're aware of the potential pitfalls, online shopping can be a really handy way to get your hands on great products from all over the world. Just don't go too crazy filling up those virtual shopping carts! What do you all think about this topic? I'd love to hear some of your experiences and opinions on the world of online retail. Happy shopping, whether you're in your pajamas or out cruising the mall!篇4The Rise of Online ShoppingHey there! Today I want to talk about something that has become a huge part of our lives – online shopping. With just a few clicks, we can buy almost anything imaginable from the comfort of our homes. But is this modern convenience really all it's cracked up to be? Let's explore the pros and cons of this shopping revolution!The ProsConvenience GaloreOne of the biggest advantages of online shopping is just how incredibly convenient it is. We don't have to deal with crowded malls, long lines, or cranky salespeople. Everything we need is just a few taps away on our phones, tablets or computers. Whether it's new clothes, the latest video games or school supplies, it can all be ordered and delivered straight to our doorsteps with minimal effort.An Endless SelectionWhen we shop online, we have access to way more stuff than any physical store could ever carry. Thousands upon thousands of products from all over the world are quite literally at our fingertips. Finding that super rare action figure you've beenhunting for? A few searches and it's yours! Need an obscure book for a school project? Just order it online. The options are virtually limitless.Great Deals and Price ComparisonsBy shopping online, we can easily compare prices across tons of different sites to find the absolute best deals. Many online retailers offer steep discounts too, helping us save a nice chunk of cash. Awesome coupon codes and cash back offers are just a Google search away. Talk about getting bang for your buck!The ConsWaiting...And Waiting Some MoreAs great as online shopping is, one of the biggest downsides is having to play the waiting game after placing an order. While super fast shipping options are available, they often cost a premium. Standard shipping can take days or even weeks, which can be seriously frustrating if you need something in a pinch. That killer new video game you're dying to play? Be prepared to twiddle your thumbs until it finally arrives.Potential for Scams and FraudUnfortunately, the online world isn't free of bad actors looking to rip people off through shady tactics like selling fake goods or nicking credit card info. Returning items can also be a huge hassle when dealing with sketchy operators. We always have to stay vigilant and only order from trustworthy, reputable sellers to avoid getting scammed.No Try-On or Hands-OnWhen buying clothes or gadgets online, you don't get the opportunity to try them on or get a real hands-on feel for the product before purchasing. That cute top you ordered may not look as flattering once it arrives. Or that shiny new phone might not quite have the sturdy build quality you were expecting. It can be a gamble relying on photos and descriptions alone.The VerdictAs you can see, there are some great benefits to online shopping as well as some notable downsides to consider. Personally, I'm a fan of the convenience and variety it offers, but I always make sure to do my research and only order from sites I trust. I also don't mind waiting for good deals to pop up before clicking that "order" button.At the end of the day, online shopping is an amazing tool that has revolutionized how we browse and buy products. But like all awesome innovations, it needs to be utilized responsibly. As long as we're smart and cautious consumers, we can absolutely take full advantage of this super convenient shopping experience.Well, that's my two cents on the matter! Whether you're purchasing all your gear online or still prefer to do most of your shopping the traditional way, I hope this gave you some food for thought. Happy browsing!篇5Online Shopping: The Good, The Bad, and The UglyHey there! Today I want to talk to you guys about online shopping. It's become such a huge part of our lives these days. I do a ton of it myself with my parents' help and credit card. But is it all good or are there some downsides too? Let me break it down for you!The GoodConvenience - This is probably the biggest advantage in my book. I can shop for anything I want from the comfort of mybedroom! No more having to beg my parents to drive me to the mall. With just a few clicks, I can browse thousands of products and have them delivered right to my door in a few days. It's the ultimate in laziness and convenience!Variety - When you shop online, you have access to way more products than any physical store could ever stock. Clothes, electronics, books, toys, you name it - the options are practically endless online. This variety makes it much easier to find exactly what I'm looking for.Price Comparisons - Another cool thing about online shopping is how easy it is to compare prices across different websites and sellers. I can open up multiple tabs and quickly see who has the best deal on that new video game I want. Price comparing like this helps me save a lot of my hard-earned allowance money.The BadWaiting for Delivery - As convenient as online shopping is, there's one majordownside - you have to wait for your stuff to arrive. Sometimes it takes weeks! That's torture when I'm really excited about something I ordered. The anticipation and delays can be frustrating.Uncertainty About Quality - When you buy things online without seeing them in person first, there's always a bit of uncertainty about the quality. Sometimes the product looks great in photos but doesn't live up to expectations when it arrives. That's a let down after getting my hopes up.Risk of Fraud - My parents also warn me that buying stuff online opens the door for potential fraud if I'm not careful. Shady websites could try to steal our credit card info or send us counterfeit goods. Staying vigilant is important when shopping online.The UglyPackaging Waste - One of the really ugly things about online shopping is all the packaging waste it produces. My house always ends up with tons of cardboard boxes, plastic wrap, and packing materials to throw out after our online orders arrive. It makes me feel bad for the environment.Addictive Shopping - Another ugly side to online shopping is how addictive and excessive it can become. With everything just a click away, it's easy for both kids and adults to go overboard and spend WAY too much money impulsively buying things they don't really need just because it's so convenient.Effects on Retail Jobs - The rise of online shopping is also putting a lot of retail workers' jobs at risk as well. With more people skipping stores and shopping online instead, malls and brick-and-mortar shops are struggling, closing down locations, and having to lay people off. It's an ugly side effect for those workers.So that's my take on the good, the bad, and the ugly of online shopping based on my personal experience with it. There are definitely a lot of pros in terms of convenience, selection, and cost savings. But there are also notable downsides like the waiting, uncertainty, and potential risks involved. And then there are uglier issues like the environmental impact and harm to retail jobs to consider.What do you guys think about online shopping? Do the pros outweigh the cons for you or do the negatives make you hesitate? I'm curious to hear your perspectives! Let me know in the comments below. Thanks for reading!篇6Online Shopping: The Good, The Bad, and The UglyHey there! My name is Alex, and I'm a 7th grader who loves online shopping. I know, I know, you're probably thinking, "Isn'the a little young to be shopping online?" Well, let me tell you, online shopping is the best thing since sliced bread! But, like everything else in life, it also has its downsides. So, let's dive in and explore the good, the bad, and the ugly sides of online shopping.The GoodConvenience: This is probably the biggest perk of online shopping. I can shop from the comfort of my bed, my couch, or even the bathroom (don't judge me!). No more dragging my parents to the mall or dealing with crowded stores. With just a few clicks, I can have anything I want delivered straight to my doorstep. It's like having a personal shopping assistant!Variety: Remember when we used to be limited to the few stores in our town? Well, say goodbye to those days! Online shopping gives me access to millions of products from all over the world. Whether I'm looking for a rare comic book, a unique piece of clothing, or the latest video game, chances are I'll find it online.Price Comparison: As a kid, I don't have a lot of money to throw around. Online shopping makes it easy to compare prices across different websites and find the best deals. I can even usecoupon codes and cashback sites to save even more money. It's like having a built-in bargain hunter!Reviews: Before making a purchase, I can read reviews from other customers who have already bought the product. This helps me make informed decisions and avoid buying something that might be a dud.The BadWaiting Game: While it's super convenient to shop from home, the downside is that I have to wait for my items to be delivered. Sometimes, the anticipation can be agonizing, especially if it's something I really want. And let's not even talk about the horror of delayed or lost packages!Sizing Issues: One of the biggest challenges with online shopping is getting the right size, especially when it comes to clothes or shoes. Even if I follow the size charts religiously, there's always a chance that the item might not fit perfectly. Then, I have to go through the hassle of returns or exchanges.Impulse Buying: With everything just a click away, it's easy to get carried away and buy things I don't really need. Before I know it, my virtual shopping cart is overflowing, and my parents are giving me the "you've spent too much money again" look.Online Security: While most reputable websites have strong security measures in place, there's always a risk of fraud or identity theft when shopping online. I have to be extra careful not to share too much personal information or fall for phishing scams.The UglyEnvironmental Impact: Online shopping might be convenient for us, but it's not always great for the environment. All those packages and shipping materials generate a lot of waste and contribute to pollution. Sometimes, I feel guilty about my online shopping habits and their carbon footprint.Unethical Practices: Not all online retailers are created equal. Some might exploit their workers, use child labor, or engage in other unethical practices to keep costs low. It's important to do research and support companies that have good ethical standards.Counterfeit Products: Unfortunately, the online world is not immune to counterfeit products. Some unscrupulous sellers might try to pass off fake items as the real deal, duping unsuspecting buyers. I always have to be on the lookout for suspicious listings or too-good-to-be-true deals.Social Isolation: While online shopping is convenient, it also means spending more time indoors and less time interacting with people face-to-face. I sometimes worry that it might contribute to social isolation and a lack of real-world connections.So, there you have it – the good, the bad, and the ugly sides of online shopping from a 7th grader's perspective. At the end of the day, online shopping is a double-edged sword. It offers amazing convenience and variety, but it also comes with its fair share of drawbacks. As long as I'm responsible, do my research, and practice moderation, I think online shopping can be a great way to find what I want without too much hassle.But hey, that's just my opinion. What do you think about online shopping? Let me know in the comments below!。
英语初一下册作文线下买东西的好处80词
英语初一下册作文线下买东西的好处80词全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Joys of Offline ShoppingHey there! I'm Timmy, a regular 6th grader who loves to shop. But I'm not talking about online shopping - nope, I much prefer the good old-fashioned way of going to actual stores and buying things in person. Sure, online shopping has its conveniences, but there's just something special about offline shopping that can't be replicated by clicking a few buttons on a screen.First off, let's talk about the experience itself. There's nothing quite like the thrill of stepping into a store and being surrounded by all sorts of goodies just waiting to be discovered. The sights, the smells, the sounds - it's like a sensory overload in the best possible way! And let's not forget about the people-watching opportunities. You never know who or what you might encounter in a physical store. It's like a real-life reality show, but without the scripted drama (most of the time, at least!).Another great thing about offline shopping is the ability to see, touch, and try on the items before making a purchase. I can't tell you how many times I've ordered something online, only to be disappointed when it arrives and doesn't look or fit the way I expected. But when you're in a store, you can inspect every nook and cranny of an item, get a real feel for its quality, and make sure it's just right before handing over your hard-earned cash.Speaking of which, let's talk about the shopping experience itself. There's something incredibly satisfying about handing over cold, hard cash (or a debit card, if you're fancy) and physically receiving your purchase on the spot. No waiting around for shipping, no worrying about packages getting lost or stolen – just instant gratification. Plus, you get to enjoy the whole ritual of browsing, selecting, and carrying your goodies out of the store in a fancy shopping bag. It's like a mini celebration every time!But perhaps the best part of offline shopping is the human interaction involved. Sure, online shopping is convenient, but it's also kind of impersonal and detached. When you're in a store, you get to interact with real, live human beings – the friendly salespeople who are always happy to offer advice or assistance, the fellow shoppers you might strike up a conversation with, oreven the grumpy cashier who needs a little cheering up (hey,we've all been there). It's these little social interactions that add so much richness and warmth to the shopping experience.So, the next time you're itching to go shopping, consider ditching the laptop or smartphone and venturing out into the real world. Trust me, it's an experience that no amount of online convenience can truly replicate. Who knows, you might even have a little fun along the way!篇2Shopping at Real Stores is Way Cooler Than Online!Hi friends! Today I want to tell you all about why it's so much better to shop at actual stores instead of just buying stuff online.I know a lot of people think online shopping is super convenient since you can do it from home in your pajamas. But in my opinion, going to real stores is an awesome experience that you just can't get from a website!First off, when you shop in person, you get to see and touch the items before buying them. How many times have you ordered something online, thinking it looked really neat in the pictures, only for it to show up looking totally different in real life? When you're at a physical store, you can pick things up, try themon if it's clothes, and get a real feel for the quality. That's way better than just staring at some photos on a screen.Another amazing part of shopping in stores is the fun of just browsing around and exploring. Wandering up and down the aisles or racks, you always stumble across unexpected cool finds that you'd never think to search for online. Maybe it's a quirky new snack, or a neat toy you've never seen before, or some cute stationery decorated with your favorite cartoon character. You'll never know what awesome stuff you might discover just by poking around!Speaking of discovering new things, stores are also great places to try out products before purchasing. At toy stores, they'll usually have demo models set up so you can play with different toys and games right there. Makeup and beauty supply shops have testers for all their products so you can sample the colors and textures. Electronics stores have floor models of computers, phones, gaming systems and more that you can mess around with. There's no way to get that kind of hands-on experience from an online listing!Then there are the awesome sales, deals and promotions that stores often have going on. Sure, you can find online discounts and coupon codes and stuff. But there's somethingreally exciting about happening upon a big "SALE" sign or a buy-one-get-one special while you're actually walking through the aisles. It makes scoring a great bargain feel like even more of a victory!And let's not forget the fun extras that make shopping in person into a whole experience. Maybe you'll run into friends and classmates at the mall and get to hang out together. Or you can stop for a snack at the food court. Some stores even have cool events like author readings, demo days, or opportunities to meet characters and get autographs. No website can replicate that!Now, I'm not saying you should never, ever order anything online. Sometimes it's just easier or you need something very specific that your local stores don't carry. But in my humble opinion, actually going to stores and shopping in the real world is way more fun and rewarding. You get to see, touch and try out items before buying. You'll discover awesome new stuff you'd never find online. You can take advantage of special in-store sales and promotions. And it's just an all-around better experience full of surprises, snacks and spending time with friends.So next time you need some new clothes, a birthday gift for a friend, sports equipment or whatever, think about skipping the online ordering and making a trip to the mall or your favorite stores instead. Trust me, us kids know what we're talking about when it comes to having a genuinely good time! Shopping IRL is where it's at!篇3Title: Why Shopping In-Store is the BestHey guys! Let me tell you about why I really love going shopping in actual stores instead of just buying stuff online. I know online shopping is super convenient and all, but there's just something special about the whole in-store experience that you can't replicate sitting at home.First off, I love being able to see and touch the products in real life before I buy them. Like when I'm shopping for clothes, it's so important for me to be able to try them on and see how they actually look and feel. You just can't get that same experience online where you're just looking at pictures. What if the size is way off or the material is scratchy? In a store, I can make sure it fits right and is comfy before taking it home.It's the same deal when I'm buying stuff like sports equipment or tech gadgets. I want to be able to pick them up, feel the weight, and make sure they seem high quality. You can look at all the details and specifications online, but there's no substitute for checking it out with your own eyes and hands first.Speaking of quality, that's another huge perk of in-store shopping. In my experience, you're way less likely to end up with a junky or counterfeit product when you buy from an actual store rather than some sketchy third-party online seller. The stores have to maintain their reputation, so they put more care into selling legitimate, quality merchandise. I've heard too many horror stories about people ordering stuff online that ends up being total garbage.Then there's the whole experience factor that you just don't get with online ordering. When I go to the mall or shops with my friends, it's like an event – a fun outing where we can hang out, look around at all the cool stuff, and maybe grab a snack or boba tea while we're there. We turn it into a whole experience rather than just clicking "add to cart" from our bedrooms. It's a way better bonding experience.I also find that in-store shopping is better for discovering random new things I wasn't even looking for. When I'mphysically there walking the aisles, I'm way more likely to spot an interesting product I hadn't heard of before. But when you're shopping online, you tend to only find what you're actively searching for. In real life, there are so many happy surprises and unexpected finds that catch your eye.Don't get me wrong, I still do plenty of online shopping, especially for basics or things that are way cheaper to get delivered. But for bigger purchases or things I really want to inspect first, there's just no beating going into the actual store. The ability to see, touch, and try products makes such a huge difference.Plus, there's just a certain satisfying feeling you get from carrying your new stuff out of the store, bag in hand, that you could never replicate with a doorstep delivery. Call meold-fashioned, but I'll always have a soft spot for goodold-fashioned in-person retail therapy. The sights, the sounds, the smells – there's nothing else quite like it in my books!So those are just a few reasons why, as much as online shopping is convenient, I'll never stop enjoying the experience of browsing and buying things in real life at stores. From being able to inspect quality to making a fun outing with friends to stumbling across awesome surprises, in-store shopping is whereit's at for me. Maybe I'm just a shop-a-holic at heart, but I really do think there's a special magic to it that the online world could never quite capture.What about you guys? Are you team in-store or team online when it comes to shopping? I'd篇4Shopping at Real Stores is Way Better!Hey guys! Today I want to tell you all about why it's so much cooler to shop at actual stores instead of just ordering everything online. I know a lot of people like the convenience of having stuff delivered right to their door. But in my opinion, there's nothing that can beat the experience of going out shopping in person.First off, when you go to a real store, you get to see and touch the items before buying them. How many times have you ordered something online, only for it to show up and be totally different than what you expected? The pictures never tell the whole story. But when you shop in a store, you can pick things up, feel the fabrics, try on clothes to see if they fit right, and really inspect everything. That prevents a lot of disappointment and having to deal with returns.Another awesome thing about regular stores is the ability to browse and discover new things. Online you pretty much just see what you search for. But at the mall or a big superstore, you can wander the aisles and come across all kinds of cool stuff you didn't even know existed! I've found so many of my favorite things that way, just by seeing them catch my eye on the shelves. You're way more likely to impulsively try new products when they're right in front of you. It's exciting!Then there's the entire experience aspect of it. Going shopping with your friends or family can be a fun bonding experience. You make a whole day of it – grabbing lunch or a snack, trying on silly outfits together, making fun of the crazy things you see, and just hanging out. Online shopping is so isolating and boring in comparison. Even if you're not with others, there's still a vibrant energy at stores and malls that puts you in a better mood.The smells are another underrated part of in-person shopping. Who doesn't love walking into a store that smells like freshly baked pretzels or new leather or luscious candles? Those comforting, enticing aromas can trigger cravings and make you want to browse even more. You're surrounded by sights, sounds,and smells that create an experience for all your senses. So much better than just staring at a glowing screen!Not to mention that going to actual stores allows you to find good deals and take advantage of sales much more easily. Have you ever ordered something online only to find out the next day that it went on a huge sale at the store? How frustrating! But when you're there in person, you can scan clearance sections, check for promotions at that location, use coupons and cashback apps, and just overall maximize your savings. The thrill of scoring a serious bargain is so much more satisfying in real life.Okay, I could probably go on and on, but I think you get the point. In-person shopping is where it's at! Going to the mall or your favorite stores is an entertaining event that you can make a whole experience out of. You get to hunt for deals, discover cool new stuff, avoid order mistakes, and honestly just have a lot more fun than just tapping "add to cart" over and over again.So next time you need some new clothes, supplies, groceries, or honestly anything at all, skip the online ordering and make a trip out of it! Get dressed up, bring your friends or family, and hit the stores. I'm telling you, it's a way more enjoyable andworthwhile way to shop. You'll be glad you got out from behind the computer screen. The mall is calling!篇5Shopping in the Real World is Way BetterHey there! I'm just a regular middle school kid, but I've got some strong opinions when it comes to shopping. In this modern age of online shopping and having everything delivered right to your door, I still think there's a lot to be said for goodold-fashioned in-person shopping at actual stores. Don't get me wrong, I love the convenience of ordering stuff online as much as the next person. But I've got to make the case for why shopping IRL (in real life) at brick-and-mortar stores is where it's at.First off, you just can't beat the experience of going to a physical store. It's like an adventure! You get to leave the house, head out into the world, and explore all the different stores and malls. The sounds, the smells, the bright lights and displays - it's just so much more exciting and stimulating than sitting at home clicking "add to cart" on a website. Going shopping is an event, something you can make a whole day out of if you want. Meet up with your friends, grab a snack in the food court, hit up allyour favorite stores. That's the kind of memory-making stuff that childhood is all about.Then there's the hands-on aspect you can only get fromin-person shopping. When you're buying something online, all you've got to go on are some pictures and a description. But in a real store, you can actually pick things up, feel them, try them on if it's clothes or shoes. You get a much better sense of quality, size, texture - everything! I don't know how many times I've ordered something online only to be disappointed when it arrives because it looked way different than the listing. But when you shop in person, what you see is exactly what you get. No surprises or let-downs.Speaking of trying on clothes, doesn't it absolutely stink having to deal with returns when something doesn't fit right from an online order? You've got to go through the whole process of shipping it back, waiting for your refund, maybe even paying return shipping fees. Such a hassle! At a regular clothing store, you can try stuff on right there in the fitting room. If it doesn't fit or you don't like how it looks, just put it back on the rack. Easy peasy.Stores are also just way better for browsing and discovering new things. You can wander around, let your eyes catch ondifferent items, stumble across things you weren't necessarily looking for but might really like. That's a lot harder to replicate online when you're just seeing items you've specifically searched for. Some of my favorite things have been random finds from aimlessly exploring stores. Feeding that sense of curiosity and wonder is so fun!Then there's the unbeatable customer service you can get from real human beings at an actual store. Have a question about a product? The sales staff is right there to help. Need an item gift-wrapped? They've got you covered. Sometimes you just want that friendly face-to-face interaction. It's a lot easier to return or exchange items in person too. With online shopping, you're at the mercy of the company's return policy and processing times. At a regular store, they can sort things out for you right there on the spot.篇6Shopping In Person is Way Better!Hello friends! Today I want to tell you all about why it's so much more fun to shop for things at real stores instead of just buying everything online. Don't get me wrong, I love the internet and being able to order things with a few clicks. But there'ssomething really special about actually going to stores and seeing/touching the merchandise before buying it.First off, shopping in person allows you to really examine items up close before purchasing them. When you order online, you only have pictures and descriptions to go by. But in a store, you can pick items up, try them on, test features, and make sure it's exactly what you want before spending your money. That's super important for things like clothes, toys, electronics, and more where you want to ensure the quality meets your standards.Plus, there's nothing quite like the experience of browsing the aisles and shelves, discovering new and interesting products you hadn't even considered buying. Online shopping is very purposeful and directed, but wandering through a cool store allows you to stumble upon unexpected treasures. Some of my favorite toys, books, and clothes have been random finds while roaming the mall or local shops.Speaking of which, shopping in person is also just a much more enjoyable experience overall compared to clicking through web pages. There's an energizing hustle and bustle to busy stores and malls that gets me excited. The different sights, sounds, and even smells create an atmosphere that onlineordering can't replicate. Cruising by all the window displays, food courts, and lively shoppers with their colorful bags is honestly just fun! It's a great way to get out of the house and not feel so cooped up and isolated like when just sitting at home browsing the internet.But my favorite part about physically going shopping is getting to spend quality time with my family and friends. We'll often make a whole afternoon or evening of it – grabbing meals together, hitting up multiple stores, and just bonding over the shared experience. Online shopping is pretty solo and disconnecting. But trekking through crowded aisles and malls creates shared memories with my loved ones that I'll cherish forever. Even something as simple as trying on silly hats together at a clothing store and cracking up over how goofy we look brings us closer.Now I totally get that online shopping can be convenient, especially forstock-up trips on basics like paper towels or diapers. And sometimes you just don't have time to go browse stores for what you need. But I really hope that experience of in-person shopping doesn't disappear, because it's about so much more than just buying stuff. It's an event, an adventure, and a chanceto truly appreciate and evaluate potential purchases while making great memories with family and friends.So next time you need a birthday gift or back-to-school supplies or just feel like doing some retail therapy, seriously consider making a trip to the actual stores instead of aimlessly adding things to an online cart. You'll be amazed at all the cool stuff you discover, the fun bonding moments you'll share with your crew, and the pure enjoyment you get from the overall experience. Shopping in real life is just way, way better!。
IBM Z14 ZR1 和 LinuxONE Rockhopper II 电缆出口选项说明书
IBM Z14ZR1 AND L INUX ONE R OCKHOPPER IIC ABLE E XIT C HOICESEdited by Aleis Murphy, Greg HutchisonIBM Z Hardware Sales SpecialistsWashington Systems CenterHerndon, VA This document is designed to address potential confusion regarding the ordering of Top and/orBottom Exit Cabling on the IBM z14 ZR1 and LinuxONE Rockhopper II.For additional information, please refer to the 3907 Installation Manual for Physical Planning (IMPP).Here are summary points to the details that follow.1.I/O and power cabling can be routed through the top of the rack, even when bottomexit cabling is ordered. The Top Exit Cabling feature provides a top hat. Top hat details to follow in this document.2.Top and Bottom Exit Cabling can both be ordered simultaneously.3.There is no non-raised floor feature although this system can be installed on a non-raised floor. With bottom exit cabling on a non-raised floor, all cables must egress out of the top of the machine – and an exit path out of the top of the machine is provided for the cables.4.Fiber Quick Connect - FQC (FC7934) can be ordered with either Top Exit or Bottom ExitCabling. FQC is applicable to FICON Express16S+, FICON Express16S and FICONExpress8S – Long Wave only.5.When FQC is desired, Fiber Transport Services must also be ordered.Figure 1: This is the Cables tab in eConfig for the z14 ZR1 and LinuxONE Rockhopper II. This screenshot should be familiar to IBMers and Business Partners only.Note that in the cabling tab of the IBM configurator, there are three choices.Fiber Transport Services (FTS)This provides installation planning assistance, fiber trunking cable, connectors, distribution enclosures, cable support routing hardware, and installation by IBM personnel.With the use of fiber trunking and distribution enclosures, all system reconfigurations may be performed at a patch panel, planned to eliminate extensive down time and enhancing your availability.Reconfiguration is as simple as unplugging and re-plugging a connector. The Enterprise Fiber Cabling Services use a proven modular cabling system, the fiber transport system (FTS), which includes trunk cables, zone cabinets, and panels for servers, directors, and storage devices. FTS supports Fiber Quick Connect (FQC), a fiber harness that is integrated in the frame of a z14server for quick connection. In the IBM z14 FQC supports FICON LX features types. Fiber Quick Connect can be implemented out of the top or the bottom in the z14 ZR1.Top Exit Cabling FC7917When installed on a non-raised floor, all cables shall be egressed out of the top of the rack, even if only Bottom Exit Cabling is ordered.When Top Exit Cabling is ordered, there are no side chimneys as with other IBM Z systems. In the case of the z14 Model ZR1 and LinuxOne Rockhopper II a new “top hat” is provided with Top Exit Cabling.The top hat can be configured to exit cables either from the top-front or the top-rear of the rack. This same feature can be used for overhead power cabling or for overhead I/O cabling. The feature is required for scenarios in which top exit is desired with Fiber Quick Connect (FC7934) brackets at the top. The top hat provides cable strain relief and cable management. Strain relief is also available out of the top when Top Exit Cabling is not ordered. Minimum: 0Maximum: 1Pre-requisites: NoneCo-requisites: NoneCompatibility Conflicts: NoneField Installable: YesFigure 2: IBM z14 Model ZR1 Top Hat for Top Exit Cabling – cables exiting from the front ofthe top exit cabling enclosureIf FCQ is also ordered, appropriate harness brackets are included.Figure 3: The Fiber Quick Connect feature enables trunk cables to connect to FICON channels using under-the-cover attachment harnesses. These harnesses are installed when your system is built, and your 3907 arrives ready to connect the trunk cables at your site. The harness brackets use an MTP connector, and the FICON connects are routed to the FICONfeature cards in the rack.Figure 4: When routing cables directly through the top of the frame, there are two sliding plates on the top of the frame (one on each side of the rear of the frame) that can be opened and any gaps can be eliminated with self-sticking foam. The foam assists with airflow containment. The sliding plates can be used for top exit cabling, even if the Top Exit Cabling feature code is not ordered.Bottom Exit Cabling FC7919When bottom exit cabling is selected, the required infrastructure is provided. This feature includes cabling egress for both Input/Output (I/O) cables and power cables.When installation is on a raised floor and when cables are planned to be egressed out the bottom of the rack, FC7919 should be ordered.When installed on a non-raised floor, all cables shall be egressed out of the top of the rack. Minimum: 0Maximum: 1Pre-requisites: NoneCo-requisites: NoneCompatibility Conflicts: NoneField Installable: YesFigure 5: Bottom Exit Cabling TailgateIBM has offered tailgates for a variety of generations of IBM Z systems. Tailgates in the past have offered the ability to support and protect the cables that are exiting the system.The tailgates offered today are specifically designed for cushioning the exiting cables as well as preventing or minimizing airflow recirculation within the system.These bracket assemblies are only available and installed on the rear of the system. With Bottom Exit Cabling there can be no cable egress in the front of the z14 ZR1 or LinuxONE Rockhopper II system.I/O feature cables and connectorsThe IBM Facilities Cabling Services fiber transport system offers a total cable solution service to help with cable ordering requirements. These services can include the requirements for all of the protocols and media types that are supported (for example, FICON, Coupling Links, and OSA). The services can help whether the focus is the data center, SAN, LAN, or the end-to-end enterprise.You can route I/O cables:- Through the top of the frame using the top exit cabling (FC 7917) with FQC (Fiber Quick Connect)- Through the top of the frame using the top exit cabling (FC 7917) without FQC- Directly through the top of the frame, even without Top Exit Cabling- Through the bottom of the frame using the bottom exit cabling feature (FC 7919) with FQC - Through the bottom of the frame using the bottom exit cabling feature (FC 7919) without FQC- Through the bottom of the frame or to the top of the frame using the spine cable management hardware (see the next page) if the 3907 contains more than one PCIe+ I/O drawers or if you are installing the 16U Reserved feature (FC 0617).The Fiber Quick Connect (FQC) feature for FICON LX cabling and trunking (only) can be used on a 3907 that is installed on a raised floor or a non-raised floor. This is an optional feature. The FQC components can be on the top or the bottom of the machine, depending on whether you’ve order Bottom Exit Cabl ing or Top Exit Cabling or both.Figure 6: Rack Enclosure Cable Management SystemA newly designed vertical cable management guide (“spine”) can assist with proper cable management for fiber, copper, and coupling cables. The spine is shipped with configurations that contain two to four PCIe+ I/O drawers or with the 16U Reserved feature (FC 0617). All external cabling to the system (from top or bottom) can use the spine to minimize interference with the PDUs mounted on the sides of the rack. The spine includes removable hooks that can be placed in appropriate slots throughout the length of the spine.IBM Site and Facilities has a comprehensive set of scalable solutions to address cabling requirements, from product-level to enterprise-level for small, medium, and large enterprises. These services fall into two major categories:- IBM Facilities Cabling Services - fiber transport system- IBM IT Facilities Assessment, Design, and Construction Services - optimized airflow assessment for cabling.Planning and installation services for individual fiber optic cable connections are available. An assessment and planning for IBM Fiber Transport System (FTS) trunking components can also be performed. These services are designed to be right-sized for your products or the end-to-end enterprise, and to take into consideration the requirements for all of the protocols and media types supported on z14, LinuxONE and older IBM Z servers (for example, FICON, Coupling Links, OSA-Express) whether the focus is the data center, the Storage Area Network (SAN), the Local Area Network (LAN), or the end-to-end enterprise.IBM Site and Facilities are designed to deliver convenient, packaged services to help reduce the complexity of planning, ordering, and installing fiber optic cables. The appropriate fiber cabling is selected based upon the product requirements and the installed fiber plant.z14 ZR1 and LinuxONE Rockhopper II Height ConsiderationsAlways consult the Installation Manual for Physical Planning publication.Height Reduction:If you have doorways that will not fit the 3907, you should order FC9975. This reduces the frame height to 1900 mm (74.8 in). With FC9975, the 2U top hat, the primary Support Element, and the alternate Support Element are shipped in separate boxes.Height Reduction adds time to the installation process and should be selected only when absolutely necessary for delivery clearance purposes. FC9975 should be ordered for openings less than 2032 mm (80.0 in) high.The top exit cabling enclosure is installed on the top of the machine in the rear. The following table provides the dimensions and weight for the top exit cabling enclosure (FC7917):Note: Ensure that there is enough headroom for cabling to exit the top of the z14 and easily be routed into overhead trays.。
线上购物与线下购物的区别英语作文
线上购物与线下购物的区别英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Pros and Cons of Online vs In-Store ShoppingAs a student, shopping is a regular part of my life. Whether it's textbooks for class, clothes for going out, or just snacks and supplies, there always seems to be something on my shopping list. In today's world, we have two main options for purchasing items: online shopping and in-store (or offline) shopping. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages that are worth exploring.The Convenience of Online ShoppingOne of the biggest draws of online shopping is undoubtedly the convenience factor. With just a few clicks, I can browse virtually endless inventory from retailers across the globe without ever leaving my dorm room. No more trekking from store to store or sitting in traffic – everything is accessible from my laptop or smartphone. This is especially useful for bigger purchases like electronics or furniture that are tough to transport.Online shopping also allows me to easily compare prices across different sites to find the best deals. Different retailers often have varying costs for the same item, and handy price comparison tools make it simple to scope out discounts and sales. I've saved a good amount of money this way instead of just buying from the first place I look.The time flexibility of online shopping is another huge perk. Traditional physical stores have set hours that don't always line up with my schedule as a student. But online stores are open24/7, so I can place orders whenever is convenient, like between classes or late at night. This saves me from having to rush around during small windows of free time.The Downsides of Buying OnlineAs great as online shopping is in many ways, it does have some significant drawbacks to consider. A recurring issue is shipping delays or items getting lost or damaged in transit. When this happens, it's a hassle to go through the return/refund process instead of just being able to take the item back to the store as I could with an in-person purchase.Another potential pitfall is not being able to see or try out the item beforehand. For things like clothes, shoes, or electronics, there's no way to get a true sense of look and feel until it arrives.This increases the likelihood of having to deal with returns if the item doesn't meet expectations. Reading reviews can help, but it's not a perfect solution.There are also security and privacy concerns to think about with online shopping, like the risk of credit card fraud or identity theft if purchasing from untrustworthy sites. While major retailers have strong data protections, it's easy for personal info to get compromised on smaller or shadier platforms.The In-Store ExperienceOf course, the traditional in-store shopping experience has plenty going for it as well. A major upside is being able to physically examine items before purchasing to get a true sense of quality, fit, functionality, and so on. I much prefer being able to try on clothes, test out tech products, and read packaging details in person rather than just looking at photos online.There's also something to be said for the overall experience of going shopping. It gets me out of my room to walk around and socialize instead of just sitting in front of a screen. Grabbing lunch or running other errands can conveniently be combined with shopping trips. And sometimes I'll just browse in stores for fun without anything in particular to buy.In-store shopping is ideal for any time I need an item immediately since there's no waiting for shipping. This is especially true for essentials like groceries, toiletries, medication and so on that may be needed right away.The Downsides of In-Store ShoppingOf course, in-store shopping also has its fair share of drawbacks. First off, it's just not as seamlessly convenient as online. I have to account for travel time, parking, carrying purchases, operating on the store's schedule, and dealing with crowds. It's easy to waste lots of time and effort this way.Prices also tend to be higher for many items compared to the discounted rates and frequent online sales. Brick-and-mortar stores have higher operational costs like rent and labor that get passed along. And assortment can be limited to what's in stock at any given time.In-store shopping also requires much more physical exertion, from walking around stores to hauling purchases. As a busy student, I don't always have the time or energy for all that.Finding the Right BalanceAt the end of the day, both online and in-store shopping have unique advantages and tradeoffs to weigh. My personalstrategy is to try and find the right balance that works for any given shopping situation.For bigger, pricier, non-urgent items like furniture, luggage, or electronics, I tend to prefer online ordering. The wider selection, price comparisons, flexible timing, and delivery convenience make it worthwhile despite occasional shipping hiccups. I try to do plenty of research through specs and reviews to make sure what I'm getting will meet expectations.But for cheaper everyday purchases like groceries, basic supplies, apparel, and anything else I may need sooner, in-store shopping is usually better. Getting to see items firsthand is important, and I'd rather not pay shipping fees or wait on deliveries for smaller things. I can just pick it up and have it right away.There's also a time and place for the experiential side ofin-person shopping, like going to the mall with friends. Sometimes it's nice to just browse and get some steps in instead of just clicking around. I especially enjoy visiting local small businesses to check out unique items.The bottom line is that neither shopping method is inherently better or worse overall. They both have unique strengths that make one or the other more suitable dependingon the specific shopping needs and circumstances. As a student, I'm thankful to have multiple options that allow me to be a smart and resourceful shopper.篇2The Rise of Online Shopping: Convenience at Your FingertipsAs a student juggling classes, assignments, and extracurricular activities, time is a precious commodity. In today's fast-paced world, the convenience of online shopping has become an indispensable part of my life. With just a few clicks, I can browse through an endless array of products, compare prices, and have my purchases delivered straight to my doorstep. No more battling traffic, navigating crowded malls, or carrying heavy bags – online shopping has revolutionized the way I shop, offering unparalleled ease and efficiency.However, as much as I appreciate the advantages of online shopping, there's something special about the traditionalin-store experience that can't be replicated digitally. The ability to physically touch, try on, and truly experience a product before making a purchase is a luxury that online shopping simply cannot provide. There's a certain satisfaction in wanderingthrough a store, stumbling upon unexpected finds, and being inspired by the carefully curated displays and ambiance.Let's delve deeper into the key differences between these two shopping realms.Convenience and Accessibility: The Online EdgeOne of the most significant advantages of online shopping is the sheer convenience it offers. With just a few taps on my smartphone or clicks on my laptop, I can access a vast array of products from the comfort of my dorm room or cozy study nook. No need to worry about store hours, traffic jams, or finding a parking spot – the virtual marketplace is open 24/7, catering to my schedule and lifestyle.Furthermore, online shopping provides unparalleled accessibility, especially for those living in remote areas or with mobility challenges. Regardless of geographical location or physical limitations, the digital realm is a gateway to a world of choices, democratizing the shopping experience for all.The Tactile Experience: The Allure of Offline ShoppingWhile the convenience of online shopping is undeniable, there's something irreplaceable about physically interacting with a product before making a purchase. The ability to touch, feel,and try on items cannot be replicated through a screen. When shopping for clothes, for instance, the ability to try on different sizes, feel the fabric, and assess the fit is crucial. Similarly, when purchasing electronics or furniture, physically experiencing the product can provide valuable insights that online descriptions and images simply cannot convey.In-store shopping also offers a sensory experience that can be truly enjoyable. The sights, sounds, and even the scents of a physical store can create a memorable and engaging atmosphere, something that online shopping struggles to replicate. There's a certain thrill in stumbling upon unexpected finds, being inspired by creative displays, and engaging with knowledgeable sales associates who can offer personalized recommendations.Price Comparison and Variety: The Digital AdvantageOne of the most significant advantages of online shopping is the ability to effortlessly compare prices across multiple retailers. With a few clicks, I can scour the virtual marketplace for the best deals, ensuring that I'm getting the most value for my money. This level of price transparency and competition often results in lower prices for consumers, as online retailers strive to remain competitive in the digital realm.Additionally, the online world offers an unparalleled variety of products, catering to even the most niche interests and preferences. From rare collectibles to specialized niche products, the vastness of the internet means that virtually anything can be found and purchased with ease. This level of variety is simply impossible to match in the physical world, where store inventory is limited by spatial constraints and localized demand.Social Interaction and Personalized Service: The Offline EdgeWhile online shopping excels in convenience and variety, there's a certain charm and value in the personal interactions that come with in-store shopping. Engaging with knowledgeable sales associates, seeking their guidance, and receiving personalized recommendations can be invaluable, especially for complex or high-value purchases.Furthermore, shopping in a physical store can be a social experience, offering opportunities for casual conversation, people-watching, and even the possibility of running into friends or acquaintances. For some, this social aspect of shopping can be enjoyable and even therapeutic, providing a welcome respite from the digital world.Environmental Impact: Assessing the FootprintAs we become increasingly aware of our environmental impact, it's essential to consider the ecological footprint of both online and offline shopping. While in-store shopping often involves travel emissions and energy consumption from physical storefronts, online shopping carries its own set of environmental concerns.The packaging materials, transportation emissions, and energy consumption associated with data centers and warehouses all contribute to the carbon footprint of online shopping. Additionally, the ease of online shopping can sometimes lead to impulse purchases and overconsumption, exacerbating waste and resource depletion.Striking a Balance: Embracing the Best of Both WorldsAs a student navigating the ever-evolving retail landscape, it's clear that both online and offline shopping offer unique advantages and challenges. The key lies in striking a balance and embracing the best of both worlds.For routine purchases, everyday essentials, and when convenience is paramount, online shopping is an invaluable tool that streamlines my life and saves precious time. However, for more significant or experiential purchases, such as clothing,electronics, or furniture, the tactile experience and personalized service of in-store shopping can be invaluable.Ultimately, the decision between online and offline shopping should be guided by the specific nature of the purchase, personal preferences, and individual circumstances. By thoughtfully blending the convenience of digital shopping with the tangible delights of physical stores, we can create a harmonious and fulfilling shopping experience that caters to our multifaceted needs as modern consumers.篇3The Rise of Online Shopping: A Student's PerspectiveAs a student in the digital age, online shopping has become an integral part of my life. With the convenience of a few clicks, I can purchase virtually anything from the comfort of my dorm room or study lounge. However, this modern shopping experience is a stark contrast to the traditional brick-and-mortar stores that have been around for generations. In this essay, I will delve into the differences between online and offline shopping, highlighting the pros and cons of each from a student's perspective.Convenience: The Ultimate Draw of Online ShoppingOne of the most significant advantages of online shopping is the unparalleled convenience it offers. As a student juggling classes, extracurricular activities, and social commitments, time is a precious commodity. With online shopping, I can browse and purchase items at any hour of the day or night, without worrying about store hours or long lines. Additionally, the ability to compare prices and read reviews from fellow shoppers makes it easier to make informed decisions and find the best deals.Furthermore, online shopping eliminates the need for physical travel, saving me both time and money on transportation costs. This is particularly beneficial for students who live on campus or in urban areas where parking can be scarce and expensive.The Sensory Experience: The Appeal of Offline ShoppingWhile online shopping offers unmatched convenience, there is something to be said for the sensory experience of shopping in a physical store. As a student, I cherish the opportunity to step away from my screen and immerse myself in the tactile world of brick-and-mortar shopping.Walking through a store allows me to touch and feel the products, trying on clothes to ensure the perfect fit, and experiencing the ambiance created by the store's decor andmusic. This sensory experience can be difficult to replicate online, where we rely solely on images and descriptions.Moreover, offline shopping provides an opportunity for social interaction. Whether it's striking up a conversation with a friendly sales associate or meeting friends for a shopping excursion, the in-person experience fosters a sense of community that can be lacking in the virtual world.Product Quality and Instant GratificationOne of the most significant advantages of offline shopping is the ability to physically inspect the products before making a purchase. As a student on a tight budget, I value the opportunity to ensure that the item meets my expectations in terms of quality, size, and functionality.Online shopping, while convenient, can sometimes lead to disappointment when the product fails to live up to its digital representation. Additionally, the ability to take the item home immediately after purchasing it in a physical store provides an instant gratification that online shopping cannot match.The Environmental Impact: A Growing ConcernAs environmentally conscious individuals, students today are increasingly aware of the impact of their actions on the planet. Inthis regard, offline shopping may have an edge over its online counterpart.The carbon footprint associated with online shopping, including packaging materials, transportation emissions, and the energy consumption of data centers, can be significant.Brick-and-mortar stores, while not without their own environmental concerns, often have a more localized supply chain and can encourage sustainable practices such as reusable shopping bags.The Cost Consideration: Finding the Sweet SpotFor many students, cost is a crucial factor when it comes to shopping. While online shopping can offer competitive prices and frequent sales, offline shopping can sometimes be more cost-effective, especially when factoring in shipping fees and potential return costs.Additionally, some brick-and-mortar stores offer student discounts or loyalty programs that can provide significant savings over time. As a savvy student shopper, it's essential to weigh the costs and benefits of both online and offline shopping to find the best value.The Future of Shopping: A Hybrid ApproachAs technology continues to evolve, the lines between online and offline shopping are becoming increasingly blurred. Many retailers now offer omnichannel experiences, allowing customers to browse online, try on products in-store, and seamlessly complete transactions across multiple platforms.This hybrid approach combines the convenience of online shopping with the sensory experience of offline shopping, catering to the diverse needs and preferences of students like myself. Additionally, the integration of augmented reality and virtual fitting rooms promises to bridge the gap between the digital and physical realms, further enhancing the shopping experience.ConclusionIn conclusion, both online and offline shopping offer unique benefits and drawbacks for students. Online shopping provides unparalleled convenience, access to a vast array of products, and the ability to compare prices and read reviews. However, offline shopping offers a sensory experience, instant gratification, and the opportunity for social interaction.Ultimately, the choice between online and offline shopping will depend on individual preferences, priorities, and specific circumstances. As a student in the digital age, it's essential toembrace the best of both worlds, leveraging the advantages of each platform to create a shopping experience that aligns with our needs, budgets, and values.By remaining open-minded and adaptable, we can navigate the ever-evolving landscape of shopping and make informed decisions that enhance our overall experience as consumers.。
网上订餐 英语作文
网上订餐英语作文Online Ordering for Meals。
With the rapid development of the internet, online ordering for meals has become a popular trend in today's society. People can easily access various online platforms to order their favorite dishes from their favorite restaurants. This convenient and efficient way of ordering meals has brought great convenience to people's lives.Firstly, online ordering for meals provides a wide range of choices for consumers. Through the internet, people can access a variety of restaurants and cuisines without leaving their homes. Whether it's Chinese, Italian, Mexican, or Japanese food, people can easily find their favorite dishes and place an order with just a few clicks. This not only saves time but also allows people to explore different types of cuisine without having to travel far.Secondly, online ordering for meals is a time-savingoption for busy individuals. With just a few clicks ontheir smartphones or computers, people can place an order and have their meals delivered to their doorstep in no time. This is especially convenient for those who have a busy schedule and don't have the time to cook or dine out.Online ordering allows them to enjoy a delicious mealwithout the hassle of cooking or waiting in long lines at restaurants.Moreover, online ordering for meals also offers a more transparent and convenient payment method. Customers can easily pay for their meals through various online payment platforms, such as Alipay, WeChat Pay, or credit cards.This eliminates the need for cash transactions and provides a more secure and convenient payment option for consumers.In addition, online ordering for meals also benefits restaurants and food vendors. By having an online presence, restaurants can reach a wider audience and attract more customers. This not only increases their sales but also allows them to streamline their operations and improvetheir overall efficiency.However, despite the many benefits of online ordering for meals, there are also some drawbacks to consider. For example, some people may have concerns about the quality and freshness of the food when ordering online. Additionally, there may be issues with delivery times and the accuracy of orders, which can lead to customer dissatisfaction.In conclusion, online ordering for meals has become a popular and convenient option for people in today's fast-paced society. It provides a wide range of choices, saves time, offers convenient payment methods, and benefits both consumers and restaurants. While there may be some drawbacks to consider, the overall convenience and efficiency of online ordering make it a popular choice for many people. As technology continues to advance, online ordering for meals is likely to become even more prevalent in the future.。
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Online-ordering of End-to-End Connectivity Services over the InternetMichael Langer,Michael NerbLeibniz Supercomputing CenterBarer Str.21,80333Munich,GermanyEmail:langerIn this paper,we focus on the experience gained with CSM for dynamic,flexible network services.It considers “online-ordering of end-to-end connections”as a hands-on example to study the management requirements imposed on e-services during the ordering and provisioning phase. Section2outlines the scenario,gives an overview over the involved organizations and services,and derives high-level requirements for an online-ordering system.Section3de-scribes the business processes and workflows that have to be supported by the online-ordering system.Section4dis-cusses,how the online-ordering system can be implemented and integrated into the already existing CSM system for B-WiN/G-WiN.2.The G-WiN ScenarioThe work presented in this paper has been carried out at Leibniz Supercomputing Center(LRZ)in Germany as part of a research project that is supervised by German Research Network Organization(“DFN-V erein”)1.The overall scope of this research project is“Customer Service Management”. One particular goal of this project is to establish a CSM system that offers service-related management information to the customers of DFN-V erein.Another goal is to en-force the provisioning of according management informa-tion about services bought from other providers.2.1.Involved Organizations and ServicesDFN-Verein is currently deploying a nationwide next-generation corporate network that will interconnect German Universities and Research Organizations (referred to as“Customers”)at gigabit speeds,and offer additional peering points with international net-works.The so-called“Gigabit-WiN”(G-WiN)is based on a SDH infrastructure provided by Deutsche Telekom Systeml¨o sungen(DeTeSystem);it is scheduled to go into service by July2000.Like its predecessor,called ”Broadband-WiN”(B-WiN),G-WiN will offer various services to its Customers,most notably an IP connectivity service and a point-to-point connectivity service.Figure1depicts the technical and organizational service hierarchy of the G-WiN scenario:On the lowest layer of this service hierarchy,DeTeSystem offers a SDH Service to DFN-V erein.The SDH Service is implemented by a SDH cross-connect network,which is operated and managed by DeTeSystem.However,the configuration of the SDH net-work can be monitored and controlled by the DFN-V erein by means of a management system called“GIOV ANA”.Network Network anizations and services in the G-WiN scenario2.2.Requirements for the online-ordering systemAs depicted in Figure1,the core of CSM-Connect is an online-ordering system that coordinates the workflows between the involved organizations(i.e.,Customers,DFN-V erein and DeTeSystem).From the ordering customer point of view,the order process consists of two steps,which are briefly outlined as follows:Registration of Customers:Before a Customer can use DFNConnect Service(i.e.,order end-to-end connec-tions using CSM-Connect),he has to sign a contract with DFN-V erein,which specifies the terms and con-ditions of the usage of DFNConnect Service.For the online-ordering system,two issues covered in this con-tract are of particular importance:Technical aspects:DFNConnect Service requiresthe installation of additional equipment at theCustomers site,especially SDH interfaces,whichserve as termination points for end-to-end con-nections.The contractfixes the initial numberof interfaces along with the associated bandwidth(E1or E3).Accounting aspects:DFN-V erein offers severaltariff classes targeting different types of users(e.g.occasional users,frequent users,bulk users).Each tariff class contains afixed fee(coveringequipment and installation costs),usage-basedfees(induced by ordering and using end-to-end connections)and a credit for a pre-definedamount of accountable units.The accountableunit for DFNConnect Service is the connectiontime;DFN-V erein charges differently for E1andE3connections.Based on the details of the contract,DFN-V ereincreates a new account for the Customer and creditsit with the pre-defined amount of accountable units.Using the web interface of GIOV ANA,DFN-V ereintriggers DeTeSystem to install the necessary tech-nical infrastructure.After successful installationand testing,DFN-V erein issues a Login/Passwordcombination,which allows Customer to authenticateand log into the online-ordering system.The registration process described above can take upto several weeks to complete,requires additional hu-man interaction between Customer and DFN-V erein,and is executed only once per Customer.Hence,theregistration process itself does not have to be supportedby the online-ordering system;subsequent changes,(e.g.altering the number of interfaces at a Customerssite,buying some additional connection time)are also 3treated“manually”and do not have to be supported by the online-ordering system.Online-ordering of end-to-end connections:After suc-cessful registration,Customer can order end-to-end connections using the online-ordering system.The online-ordering system has to meet the following requirements:Integrating the business processes:The online-ordering system has to automate and integratethe business processes of the involved organi-zations(Customers,DFN-V erein,and DeTeSys-tem).For the Customer,the online-ordering sys-tem has to offer functionality that covers the fulllife-cycle of a particular end-to-end connection.For DFN-V erein,an automated delegation of or-ders to GIOV ANA and an accurate billing is im-portant.Section3discusses these requirementsin detail.Integration in the existing CSM system:TheCSM-IP system is already well-established andoffers aflexible management interface for theCustomers.The CSM-IP architecture is modular,can be easily extended and already provides vari-ous basic services that are needed for the online-ordering system(e.g.authentification,authoriza-tion and customer-specific views).Section4out-lines,how the online-ordering system can be im-plemented and integrated into the CSM-IP sys-tem.3.Analysis of business processesThis section analyzes the business processes that have to be supported by DFN-V erein in order to provide an end-to-end connection for a Customer.So far,the following pro-cesses have been identified(see[5]).3.1.Overview of the Customer AccountIn order to provide an accurate yetflexible way to bill the usage of DFNConnect Service,DFN-V erein maintains dif-ferent accounts per Customer.The online-ordering system offers a functionality to query the current state of these ac-counts.After successful authentification,the Customer gets an informative overview over the following accounts: Real Account:The real account reflects the credit of accountable units of a Customer.Upon registra-tion,the real account is credited with a tariff-specific amount of accountable units.Subsequent crediting of the real account is a manual process that is executedby DFN-V erein only.The real account is debited bythe online-ordering system automatically,but only af-ter the successful usage of a particular connection.Virtual Account:The virtual account is an identicalcopy of the real account.However,the virtual ac-count is debited immediately when ordering connec-tions,even though the actual service usage is still inthe future.The virtual account simulates,how the realaccount would develop,if all requested connectionscan be set up.Furthermore,it is used to notify theCustomer,when he approaches his credit line.If,forsome reason,the requested connection order is rejectedby the online-ordering system,the virtual account isrolled back(i.e.,the charging of accountable units forthat particular order is revoked).By means of these two distinct accounts,the ordering process is strictly separated from the accounting process: Only if a connection has been established,the real account is debited.As such,the following sections3.2—3.4oper-ate on the virtual account.Only section3.5operates on the real account.3.2.Order ConnectionsAn individual end-to-end connection is established between two Customers,Customer and Customer.Both have to be registered users of DFNConnect Service.It is expected,that and agree on the details of a particular connection,and assign a principal.The principal is the contact person for this connection;he has to order the connection and is being debited for it.Let’s assume that Customer is the principal in this scenario.As depicted in Figure2,Customer has to authenticate to the online-ordering system using the Login/Password combination assigned by DFN-V erein.After successful authentification,Customer can order connections, specifying the following connection details:Date,Time, Duration and Bandwidth(E1or E3).For practical reasons,repeated connection orders are possible for con-nections that are scheduled on a regular basis(e.g.daily, weekly,every wednesday)for a given number of iterations.Here,Customer additionally has to specify the Number of Iterations and the Iteration interval.Based on this input(Date,Time,Duration,Band-width,Iterations and Interval)the online-ordering system calculates two lists for selecting the endpoints of the connection to be established:The Source list consists of all SDH interfaces at’s site,that are available for the requested connection.Similar,the Sink list consists of all SDH interfaces at’s site,that are available for the4Figure2.Sequence diagram of the ordering processrequested connection.If the order request features repeated connections,only interfaces are shown,that are available for all iterations of the repeated connection.After selecting suitable SDH interfaces(from the Source and Sink list),Customer submits a connection order request to the online-ordering system,specifying the attributes Date,Time,Duration,Iteration,Interval, Bandwidth,Source and Sink.After the technical details of the connection have been checked,the online-ordering system calculates the account-able units resulting from the order request and checks it against the credits of the virtual account of Customer. If the credit line of the virtual account is exceeded,Cus-tomer is notified.However,the current usage policy ofDFN-V erein states,that the connection order request will be processed,even if the credit line of the virtual account is ex-ceeded.Furthermore,Customer is notified of the charges resulting from his order request,and the virtual account is debited accordingly.Finally,the online-ordering system forwards the order request to GIOV ANA.As DFNConnect technically uses the SDH service of DeTeSystem,GIOV ANA checks the fol-lowing constraints that are part of the Service Level Agree-ments between DFN-V erein and DeTeSystem:The total number of point-to-point connections is re-stricted at any time.The maximum number of point-to-point connectionsthat are set-up within one hour is restricted.5The minimum time between ordering time and re-quested time of the connection is1business hour.Business hours are defined as8:00-18:00daily except weekends or public holidays.If one of these constraints is not fulfilled,GIOV ANA re-jects the connection order request,stating the reason.The online-ordering system rolls back the debit of the virtual ac-count and notifies Customer of the rejected connection order request.If all constraints are fulfilled,GIOV ANA confirms the order request to the online-ordering system, which forwards this confirmation to Customer.Further-more,the online-ordering system notifies Customer of the connection details.3.3.Overview of ordered ConnectionsEach Customer is responsible for the organization and configuration of connections over the various SDH inter-faces that he has ordered when registering as a user of DFN-Connect service.This task is important to avoid collisions and optimize the use of the available SDH interfaces,espe-cially in conjunction with repeated connections.Each Cus-tomer can get an overview over the connections terminating at his site by logging into the online-ordering system.After a successful authentification,he gets a list of all SDH in-terfaces installed at his site,the bandwidth,and when it is being used by a particular connection.The overview shows all connections,i.e.,connections ordered by this Customer (acting as principal for that particular connection),or termi-nating at his site(being ordered by another Customer).3.4.Cancel OrdersConnection orders(requested or confirmed)can be cancelled by the principal of the connection only.After successful authentification to the online-ordering system, a Customer gets a list of connection orders,where he acts as principal.Customer can choose an order from this list and request to cancel it.Orders can be cancelled as a whole only,i.e.,cancelling repeated connections implies cancelling all remaining iterations.Cancellation requests are only accepted by the online-ordering system,if the cancel request is received at least2 hours prior to the scheduled beginning of the connection. If this constraint is fulfilled,the online-ordering system forwards the cancel request to GIOV ANA.The virtual ac-count is rolled back;when cancelling repeated connections, the online-ordering system has to consider,that only the remaining iterations have to be rolled back.Otherwise,the cancel request is rejected and both Cus-tomers and are notified.The connection is being pro-vided,whether it is used or not.age and AccountingConnections that have been confirmed by GIOV ANA are set up and torn down automatically by the SDH management system of DeTeSystem.Once the Customer receives a confirmation of the connection request,he can assume to use the connection as specified in the order.It is out of scope of the online-ordering system to ad-dress problems that relate from the usage of DFNConnect Service(e.g.,the connection is not set up at all,or the qual-ity of the connection does not meet the requirements).This has to be sorted out“manually”between the Customer and DFN-V erein.In order to verify the quality of an individ-ual connection,the online-ordering system receives an ac-counting record from GIOV ANA,which contains the de-tails of the connection after the connection is terminated.DFN-V erein checks the accounting record against the ser-vice level agreements negotiated with DeTeSystem for the SDH service.Depending on the result of this check,billing is handled as follows:If the QoS parameters are met,the real account of Cus-tomer is debited accordingly.If,for any reason,theconnection exists longer than the order,Customer isnot charged for that.If the QoS parameter are not met,the real account ofCustomer is not charged.The virtual account isrolled back.If the connection meets the QoS criteria only partly,anappropriate policy still has to befigured out.4.Implementation aspectsThis section focuses on two implementation issues of the online-ordering system:The architecture of the online-ordering system and the integration of the online-ordering system into CSM-IP,the already existing Customer Service Management system for the IP Connectivity Service of B-WiN/G-WiN[2].4.1.Architecture of the online-ordering systemFigure1pointed out,that the online-ordering system mediates between the network manager of a Customer (intending to request a connection order)and GIOV ANA (which is responsible for technically establishing a connec-tion).In order to fulfill the mediation tasks,the business6Figure3.Integration and communication as-pects of the online-ordering systemprocesses identified in section3have to be implemented by the application logic of the online-ordering system. As depicted in the left-hand side of Figure3,the online-ordering system depends on a global service management information base,called“G-WiN Information System”(GIS)2,for storing and accessing management information (e.g.contractual,technical and accounting information, topology and configuration information,service level agreements).This database is connected to the online-ordering system using ODBC.The application logic of the online ordering system depends on GIS,for example,to calculate the source and sink lists of SDH interfaces,or debit the virtual and real accounts.The online-ordering system also needs to connect to GIOV ANA.So far,access to GIOV ANA is limited to a web interface.It is planned to offer an additional interface that can be used by the online-ordering system directly to submit order requests.However,this interface is still subject of ne-gotiations between DFN-V erein and DeTeSystem.In order to achieve low setup-times and quick respones,the online-ordering system and GIOV ANA have to be tightly coupled, e.g.by using a synchronous communication protocol.This ensures,that the ordering process is interactive,i.e.,noti-fications and confirmations are received by the Customer immediately.V ANA is still subject to negotiations between DFN-V erein and DeTeSystem.In particular,the communi-cation protocol and the data structures exchanged overthe interface have to befixed.Implement CSM-Connect:Finally,the applicationlogic of the online-ordering system and CSM-Connectclient(i.e.,the graphical user interface)have to be im-plemented.This should be straight-forward,as CSM-Connect will be integrated into the software develop-ment process that was established for CSM-IP. AcknowledgmentsThe authors wish to thank the members of the Mu-nich Network Management(MNM)Team for helpful dis-cussions and valuable comments on previous versions of the paper.The MNM Team,directed by Prof.Dr.Heinz-Gerd Hegering,is a group of researchers of the Munich Universities and the Leibniz Supercomputing Center of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences.Its webserver is lo-cated at rmatik.uni-muenchen.de.References[1]H.-G.Hegering,S.Abeck,and B.Neumair.Integrated Man-agement of Networked Systems.Morgan and Kaufman,1edi-tion,1999.[2]nger,S.Loidl,and M.Nerb.Customer Service Manage-ment:A more transparent View to your Subscribed Services.In:Proceedings of the9th Annual IFIP/IEEE InternationalWorkshop on Distributed Systems:Operations&Manage-ment(DSOM’98),Newark.Oct.1998.[3]nger,S.Loidl,and M.Nerb.Customer Service Man-agement:Towards a Management Information Base for anIP Connectivity Service.In:Proceedings of the4th IEEESymposium on Computers and Communications(ISCC’99),Sharm el Sheikh,Egypt.July1999.[4]nger and M.Nerb.Defining a Trouble Report For-mat for the seamless Integration of Problem Managementinto Customer Service Management.In:Proceedings ofthe6th Workshop of the Openview University Association(OVUA’99).June1999.[5] D.Songhurst,editor.Charging Communication Networks–From Theory to Practice.Elsevier Science B.V.,1999.8。