This is difference between SHINSEN and ordinary water purifiers
高中英语真题-M6U3ReadingCulturaldifferences
M6U3ReadingCulturaldifferencesI. Complete my essay, please.Thanks to the help of Peter and Waled, I have gathered muc h information about __________________________.For example, Westerns usually open the present as soon as they receive it to see the person’s __________________. Wedding customs also __________ greatly. At a Korean w edding ceremony, they have a _________ hen and a rooster to _________________ bad spirits. However, at wedding receptio ns in , men and women sit ________________ and alcohol is _ _______________.Also, in , it is appropriate to use the____________ to point. Poi nting with your first finger may cause ______________ .Although Americans and Brits speak the same language, t heir _______________ are not always alike. The British ______ _________ Bonfire Night on November 5th every year, ______ ____ Americans don’t have this festival.Pair work: Quiz — which is right? Circle the right answer, ple ase.1. Indians nod their heads to disagree / agree.2. Egyptians wear yellow / blue clothes at funerals (葬礼).3. Japanese like the numbers 5,7,9 / 2,6,8 .4. Men are / aren’t allowed to shake hands with women in .5. Arabians use their left / right hand to pass things to others.6. Brits drive on the left / right side of the road.7. Westerns consider dragons lovely / evil.8. Brits believe walking under a ladder will bring good / bad lu ck.9. The bat is considered as a sign of luck / evil in .10.Americans advocate individualism / collectivism (集体主义).III. Group discussion:1. What should Xu Datong do to get his son back?2. What attitudes should we take towards other cultures?3. What’s the English saying that best describes what we sho uld do when living in foreign countries?______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ____Let’s watch some interesting pictures. Try to find out the differ ences in it as many as possible.Good morning, everyone. Just now we watched some interest ing pictures of different countries. How many cultural differenc es have you found? (板书 cultural differences )Great! Today we wll learn more about cultural differences. Op en our textbooks and turn to page 34, please. “cultural differe nces”, go through the article quickly and find the answers to th e three questions. (PPT) O.K. tell me the answers to the qu estions. (PPT)These special occasions are examples of cultural differences. (PPT) Let’s read the reading strategy together to understand the use of examples. (PPT)So in this article the examples are used to explain the concept of cultural differences. Let’s look at these example in detail.The first example is an end-of-term ceremony. (PPT) go through it (PPT) : What happened a t the ceremony and the reason for it. What will Chinese do on this occasion? Will we open the present right away? (No) Why ? (Because it’s rude to do that.) Very good. This example sho ws Brits and Chinese act differently when receiving a gift. So Politeness may mean different things in different countries. M ore specifically, between (western countries and eastern coun tries). It’s cultural difference, too. (板书)Now let’s move on to the second example, “a Korean wedding ceremony”. go through it quickly . Tell me whether these sent ences true or false. (PPT)As we can see, Korean wedding ceremony is quite different fr om Chinese wedding ceremony. This is part of cultural differe nces, too. (板书) Besides, both Korea and China are Asian countries, so wecan see there are also cultural differences between eastern c ountries (板书)Another Asian country is mentioned in the article, it’s (). (PPT) Let’s listen to what Waled tells Ma Li about . Match the infor mation with its related countries. (PPT)These example reflect the cultural difference in (Wedding rec eptions) between (eastern countries). So we use different ge stures, or body language.Just now we discussed the cultural differences between easte rn countries and western countries or between eastern countri es. What about western countries? Do they have the same cu lture? (No) Now let’s read the article from L41- L52, to learn more about western culture. (PPT) You are Pter and I am Ma Li.What do Brits do on Bonfire Night? (PPT) Do Americans cele brate Bonfire Night, too? (No) Why? Do they have this festiva l? No (Because they don’t have this festival) (PPT) From this example, we can see even though Brits and Americans share the same lanhuage, their customs are not always alike. This i s the difference in (Festival) between western countries. (板书) Let’s learn more about Bonfire Night. (读)Based on the information Ma Li has gathered, she writes an e ssay on it, but some words are missing. Complete it for her. L et’s read it together to check the answers. (齐读)Great! Now please go through the last part of the article and fi nd out the benefits of learning about cultural differences? (P PT)Since learning about cultural differences are so important, it’s necessary for us to learn more about it. I’ve prepared a quiz f or you. Discuss it with your partner and circle the right answer , please. (PPT) Now let’s see if you have the right answer.1. this is difference in (body language) (板书) 2. What do we wear at funerals? (Black or white clothe s) this is difference about (funeral ceremony) (板书) 3. what numbers do we like? (6, 8, 18). Because it has similar pronuciation as make a fortune. This is about superstit ion. (板书) 迷信 4. how they greet each other? They put their hands toge ther and bow slightly. this is difference in (greetings) 5. ac cording to their religion, the left hand is dirty, so it’s offensive to pass things with their left hand. 6 this is difference in (traf fic rules, or laws.)7. we consider dragons loving. We call ourselves “the descen dants of dragon”, or the offspring of dragon. This is difference in (belief) 8. this is difference in (superstition)9. why? Because the Chinese pronunciation of “bat” is the sa me as the pronuciation of “luck”.this is also difference in (superstition) 10. why ? what indivi dual heroes do you know? (superman, batman, spiderman.) t his is difference in (belief, too)So far, we have discussed a lot about cultural differences. As we can see, it is related to nearly every aspect of culture. Cult ural differences simply mean the differences in culture. let’s l ook at what culture is. (PPT) Let’s read it together.Due to people’s different way of living, different location and hi story, there are so many cultural differences. So it’s common f or someone living in a foreign country to experience some kin d of “cultural shock”. In its narrow sense, it refers to the troubl es caused by cultural misunderstanging. (PPT)In 2001, 梁家辉and 蒋雯丽starred a movie called Gua Sha. Do you know Gua Sha? Aswe all know, gua sha is a traditional Chinese treatment for col d, headache,etc. which will leave bruise on the body. Becaus e of Aamericans don’t understand Gua Sha, the leading role, Xu Datong, got into a serious trouble. We will watch part of t he movie. When watching the video, please consider the ques tions: 1. What should Xu Datong do to get his son back? 2. What attitudes should we take towards other cultures? 3. Wh at’s the English saying that best describes what we should do when living in foreign countries? Besides respect, what othe r attitudes we may have? (PPT)Do Chinese imigrants living in foreign countries do totally as t he Romans do? (No). As we can see in the pictures, they pre serve their own culture when adapting to the outside world. Each culture has its unique charm. Just like the ingredients in the salad, (PPT) each has their unique flavour while together t hey produce a combination of rich taste. Similarly when differ ent cultures are mixed together, we will have a more colorful world.So, should we abandon our culture? (No.) Instead, we should (preserve and promote our own culture) (PPT) let other count ries understand us, appreciate our culture, so that we can co mmunicate with each other better and enjoy our lives better. As for the homework, please write a report entitled “Cultural differences” . Explain the importance of understanding different cultures and the right attitude towards it with interesting exa mples.M6U3ReadingCulturaldifferencesI. Complete my essay, please.Thanks to the help of Peter and Waled, I have gathered much information ab out __________________________.For example, Westerns usually open the present as soon as they receive it to see the person’s __________________.Wedding customs also __________ greatly. At a Korean wedding ceremony , they have a _________ hen and a rooster to _________________ bad spirits. Ho wever, at wedding receptions in , men and women sit ________________ and alc ohol is ________________.Also, in , it is appropriate to use the____________ to point. Pointing with your firs t finger may cause ______________ .Although Americans and Brits speak the same language, their ___________ ____ are not always alike. The British _______________ Bonfire Night on Novem ber 5th every year, __________ Americans don’t have this festival.Pair work: Quiz — which is right? Circle the right answer, please.1. Indians nod their heads to disagree / agree.2. Egyptians wear yellow / blue clothes at funerals (葬礼).3. Japanese like the numbers 5,7,9 / 2,6,8 .4. Men are / aren’t allowed to shake hands with women in .5. Arabians use their left / right hand to pass things to others.6. Brits drive on the left / right side of the road.7. Westerns consider dragons lovely / evil.8. Brits believe walking under a ladder will bring good / bad luck.9. The bat is considered as a sign of luck / evil in .10.Americans advocate individualism / collectivism (集体主义).III. Group discussion:1. What should Xu Datong do to get his son back?2. What attitudes should we take towards other cultures?3. What’s the English saying that best describes what we should do when living in foreign countries?______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________Let’s watch some interesting pictures. Try to find out the differences in it as many as possible.Good morning, everyone. Just now we watched some interesting pictures of different countri es. How many cultural differences have you found? (板书 cultural differences )Great! Today we wll learn more about cultural differences. Open our textbooks and turn to pa ge 34, please. “cultural differences”, go through the article quickly and find the answers to the three questions. (PPT) O.K. tell me the answers to the questions. (PPT)These special occasions are examples of cultural differences. (PPT) Let’s read the reading st rategy together to understand the use of examples. (PPT)So in this article the examples are used to explain the concept of cultural differences. Let’s lo ok at these example in detail.The first example is an end-of-term ceremony. (PPT) go through it (PPT) : What happened at the ceremony and the reason for it. What will Chinese do on this occasion? Will we open the present right away? (No) Why ? (Because it’s rude to do that.) Very good. This example shows Brits and Chinese act differe ntly when receiving a gift. So Politeness may mean different things in different countries. Mor e specifically, between (western countries and eastern countries). It’s cultural difference, too. (板书)Now let’s move on to the second example, “a Korean wedding cerem ony”. go through it quick ly . Tell me whether these sentences true or false. (PPT)As we can see, Korean wedding ceremony is quite different from Chinese wedding ceremony . This is part of cultural differences, too. (板书) Besides, both Korea and China are Asian countries, so we can see there are also cultural differences between eastern countries (板书)Another Asian country is mentioned in the article, it’s (). (PPT) Let’s listen to what Waled tell s Ma Li about . Match the information with its related countries. (PPT)These example reflect the cultural difference in (Wedding receptions) between (eastern coun tries). So we use different gestures, or body language.Just now we discussed the cultural differences between eastern countries and western count ries or between eastern countries. What about western countries? Do they have the same cu lture? (No) Now let’s read the article from L41- L52, to learn more about western culture. (P PT) You are Pter and I am Ma Li.What do Brits do on Bonfire Night? (PPT) Do Americans celebrate Bonfire Night, too? (No) Why? Do they have this festival? No (Because they don’t have this festival) (PPT) From this example, we can see even though Brits and Americans share the same lanhuage, their cust oms are not always alike. This is the difference in (Festival) between western countries. (板书) Let’s learn more about Bonfire Night. (读)Based on the information Ma Li has gathered, she writes an essay on it, but some words are missing. Complete it for her. Let’s read it together to check the answers. (齐读)Great! Now please go through the last part of the article and find out the benefits of learning about cultural differences? (PPT)Since learning about cultural differences are so important, it’s necessary for us to learn more about it. I’ve prepared a quiz for you. Discuss it with your partner and circle the right answer, please. (PPT) Now let’s see if you have the right answer.1. this is difference in (body language) (板书) 2. What do we wear at funerals? (Black or white clothes) this is difference about (fune ral ceremony) (板书) 3. what numbers do we like? (6, 8, 18). Because it has similar pronuciation as make a fortune. This is about superstition. (板书) 迷信 4. how they greet each other? They put their hands together and bow slightly. this is diff erence in (greetings) 5. according to their religion, the left hand is dirty, so it’s offensive t o pass things with their left hand. 6 this is difference in (traffic rules, or laws.)7. we consider dragons loving. We call ourselves “the descendants of dragon”, or the offspring of dragon. This is difference in (belief) 8. this is difference in (superstition)9. why? Because the Chinese pronunciation of “bat” is the same as the pronuciation of “luck”. this is also difference in (superstition) 10. why ? what individual heroes do you know? (su perman, batman, spiderman.) this is difference in (belief, too)So far, we have discussed a lot about cultural differences. As we can see, it is related to near ly every aspect of culture. Cultural differences simply mean the differences in culture. let’s lo ok at what culture is. (PPT) Let’s read it together.Due to people’s different way of living, different location and history, there are so many cultur al differences. So it’s common for someone living in a foreign country to experience some kin d of “cultural shock”. In its narrow sense, it refers to the troubles caused by cultural misunder stanging. (PPT)In 2001, 梁家辉and 蒋雯丽starred a movie called Gua Sha. Do you know Gua Sha? As we all know, gua sha is a traditi onal Chinese treatment for cold, headache,etc. which will leave bruise on the body. Because of Aamericans don’t understand Gua Sha, the leading role, Xu Datong, got into a serious trou ble. We will watch part of the movie. When watching the video, please consider the questio ns: 1. What should Xu Datong do to get his son back? 2. What attitudes should we take to wards other cultures? 3. What’s the English saying that best describes what we should do w hen living in foreign countries? Besides respect, what other attitudes we may have? (PPT)Do Chinese imigrants living in foreign countries do totally as the Romans do? (No). As we ca n see in the pictures, they preserve their own culture when adapting to the outside world. Each culture has its unique charm. Just like the ingredients in the salad, (PPT) each has their unique flavour while together they produce a combination of rich taste. Similarly when differe nt cultures are mixed together, we will have a more colorful world.So, should we abandon our culture? (No.) Instead, we should (preserve and promote our ow n culture) (PPT) let other countries understand us, appreciate our culture, so that we can co mmunicate with each other better and enjoy our lives better.As for the homework, please write a report entitled “Cultural differences” . Explain the import ance of understanding different cultures and the right attitude towards it with interesting exa mples.。
我们的观点不相同英文作文
我们的观点不相同英文作文In my opinion, I believe that technology has greatly improved our lives. With the advancements in technology, we are now able to connect with people from all over the world through social media platforms. This has allowed us to broaden our horizons and learn about different cultures. Additionally, technology has made tasks more efficient and convenient. For example, the invention of smartphones has made it easier for us to communicate, shop, and access information. Overall, I think technology has had a positive impact on our lives.However, there are also some drawbacks to the rapid development of technology. One major concern is the impact it has on our privacy. With the rise of surveillance technology and data collection, our personal information is constantly being monitored and used for various purposes. This invasion of privacy raises ethical concerns and poses a threat to our individual freedom. Moreover, the overuse of technology can lead to addiction and social isolation.Many people spend excessive amounts of time on their phones or computers, neglecting real-life interactions and relationships. This can have negative effects on mental health and overall well-being.Another point of contention is the effect of technology on job markets. While technology has undoubtedly created new job opportunities, it has also led to the automation of many tasks, resulting in job losses. This has caused anxiety and uncertainty for many individuals who fear being replaced by machines. Additionally, the increasing reliance on technology has led to a growing skills gap, as many people are not adequately prepared for the demands of a technology-driven workforce.Furthermore, the constant exposure to technology has also impacted our physical health. The sedentary lifestyle associated with prolonged use of devices has contributed to a rise in obesity and other health problems. Moreover, the blue light emitted by screens can disrupt our sleep patterns, leading to sleep deprivation and related health issues. It is important to find a balance between utilizingtechnology for its benefits and taking care of our physical well-being.In conclusion, while technology has undoubtedly improved our lives in many ways, it also comes with its own set of challenges. It is crucial to be aware of the potential negative impacts and find ways to mitigate them. Ultimately, the key lies in using technology responsibly and striking a balance between the virtual and real world.。
这两个作文不一样英文
这两个作文不一样英文英文：I think the key difference between these two essays is the tone and style of writing. The first essay seems to be more formal and academic, while the second essay is more casual and conversational in tone. The first essay usesmore complex vocabulary and sentence structures, while the second essay is simpler and easier to understand.In terms of content, both essays discuss the same topic, but the first essay provides more detailed analysis and examples. The second essay, on the other hand, is more personal and relatable, as the writer shares their own experiences and opinions on the topic.Overall, I think the choice between these two styles of writing depends on the purpose of the essay and theintended audience. If the essay is for a formal academic setting, then the first style of writing would be moreappropriate. However, if the essay is meant to be more casual and relatable, then the second style of writing would be better.中文：我认为这两篇文章的主要区别在于写作的语气和风格。
Book3Unit2第一课时Makingadifference答案
Book 3 Unit 2 Making a difference 第一课时答案II. II.Learning ProcedureTask One1.内部的2.为......提供资金，资助3.喷水池4.基金会5.顿悟，猛醒6.职责，使命7.疾病8.残疾9.地区，地方10.癌症11.王室的12.机构，团体13.登记，注册14.纳粹党员，纳粹分子15.犹太人的，犹太教的16.短期的，短暂的；临时的17.军队18.爵士封号或头衔19.最高级别的，首席的20.药物，药材21.证明书，证书22.（政府的）部Task Two1.contribution2.relief3.shortage4.effective5.recycle6.earn7.donate8.perseverance9.reality10.extend11.sensitive 12.generous13.hesitate14.assistance15.confirmation16.aid17.achievement18.major19.treatment20.obtain21.furtherTask Three1.relieve2.short3.effect4.donation donor5.perseverant6.disabled7.hesitation8.confirm9.temporarily 10.achieve 11.majority 12.treatTask Four1.make a difference2. under control3. have trouble (in) doing sth.4.be determined to do sth.5.turn out6.break into a smile7.set up8.benefit from9 e up with10.escape from 11.for the most part12. take in13.rise to one’s feet14.pass away15. go public16.keep records of17. at one point18. rise to one’s feetTask Five1.And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?2.These are among the 669 children, most of them Jewish, that Nicholas Winton will go on to save from death at the hands of the Nazis.3.On leaving school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France.4.As a sixyearold Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water.5.After several months, Ryan had raised the＄2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.Task SixPassage One1.believing2.that3. cleaning4.However5. to donate6. which7. eyes8. delighted9. a 10. has benefitedPassage Two1.where2. to aid3. in4. safety5. donated6. containing7. addresses8. was seen9. achievement 10. As。
【必刷题】2024六年级英语上册句子类型识别专项专题训练(含答案)
【必刷题】2024六年级英语上册句子类型识别专项专题训练（含答案）试题部分一、选择题（请在下列每题的四个选项中，选出最佳答案）1. Which sentence type is "I like apples."?A. Declarative sentenceB. Interrogative sentenceC. Imperative sentenceD. Exclamatory sentence2. Which of the following is a interrogative sentence?A. The sun rises in the east.B. Close the door, please.C. What time is it now?D. He is playing basketball.3. Which sentence type is "Stop talking!"?A. Declarative sentenceB. Interrogative sentenceC. Imperative sentenceD. Exclamatory sentence4. Which of the following is a declarative sentence?A. Are you hungry?B. What a beautiful day!C. I finished my homework.D. Don't worry about it.5. Which sentence type is "How amazing the view is!"?A. Declarative sentenceB. Interrogative sentenceC. Imperative sentenceD. Exclamatory sentence6. Which of the following is an imperative sentence?A. Can you help me?B. Please pass me the book.C. She is reading a book.D. Why are you late?7. Identify the sentence type: "Is she ing to the party?"A. Declarative sentenceB. Interrogative sentenceC. Imperative sentenceD. Exclamatory sentence8. Which of the following is a declarative sentence?A. Who broke the glass?B. Turn off the lights.C. I saw a movie last night.D. What a surprise!9. Identify the sentence type: "Please be quiet."A. Declarative sentenceB. Interrogative sentenceC. Imperative sentenceD. Exclamatory sentence10. Which of the following is an exclamatory sentence?A. He is going to the library.B. Could you bring me a cup of coffee?C. What a wonderful present!D. They are playing in the park.二、判断题（请在每题的括号内填入“√”或“×”）1. "Where is my pencil?" is a declarative sentence. ( )2. "Don't forget to brush your teeth." is an imperative sentence. ( )3. "She is singing beautifully." is an interrogative sentence. ( )4. "What a cute puppy!" is an exclamatory sentence. ( )5. "Is it raining outside?" is a declarative sentence. ( )三、填空题（请在横线上填入正确的单词或短语）1. A sentence that makes a statement is called a(n)________ sentence.2. A sentence that asks a question is called a(n)________ sentence.3. A sentence that gives a mand is called a(n) ________ sentence.4. A sentence that shows strong feelings is called a(n)________ sentence.5. "Could you please pass the salt?" is an example of a(n) ________ sentence.6. "The cat is sleeping on the couch." is a(n) ________ sentence.7. "Why are you laughing?" is a(n) ________ sentence.8. "Shut the door!" is a(n) ________ sentence.9. "What a magnificent view!" is a(n) ________ sentence.10. "I think it's going to rain today." is a(n) ________ sentence.11. "Is this your book?" is a(n) ________ sentence.12. "Please write your name on the paper." is a(n)________ sentence.13. "How beautiful the flowers are!" is a(n) ________ sentence.14. "She is playing the piano." is a(n) ________ sentence.15. "Do you like ice cream?" is a(n) ________ sentence.16. "Stand up straight." is a(n) ________ sentence.17. "What a surprise to see you here!" is a(n) ________ sentence.18. "The sun sets in the west." is a(n) ________ sentence.19. "Open the window, please." is a(n) ________ sentence.20. "Wow, that was an incredible performance!" is a(n)________ sentence.四、简答题（请简明扼要地回答下列问题）1. What is the difference between a declarative and an interrogative sentence?2. Give an example of an imperative sentence.3. How can you identify an exclamatory sentence?4. Can a sentence be both declarative and interrogative? Explain your answer.5. What punctuation mark typically ends a declarative sentence?6. What punctuation mark typically ends an interrogative sentence?7. How do imperative sentences often start?8. What makes an exclamatory sentence different from other types of sentences?9. Can a sentence be a mix of two different types of sentences? Provide an example if possible.10. Why is it important to understand the different types of sentences in English?本套试题答案如下一、选择题1. A2. C3. C4. C5. D6. B7. B8. A9. C10. D二、判断题1. ×2. √3. ×4. √5. ×三、填空题1. Declarative2. Interrogative3. Imperative4. Exclamatory5. Interrogative6. Declarative7. Interrogative8. Imperative9. Exclamatory10. Declarative11. Interrogative12. Imperative13. Exclamatory14. Declarative15. Interrogative16. Imperative17. Exclamatory18. Declarative19. Imperative20. Exclamatory四、简答题1. A declarative sentence makes a statement, while an interrogative sentence asks a question.2. "Close the door."3. An exclamatory sentence often ends with an exclamation mark and expresses strong emotion or surprise.4. No, a sentence cannot be both declarative and interrogative.5. A period (.)6. A question mark (?)7. Imperative sentences often start with a verb.8. Exclamatory sentences express strong feelings or emotions and often end with an exclamation mark.9. No, a sentence cannot be a mix of two different types of sentences.10. It is important because it helps in munication and understanding the purpose of a sentence.。
差异 不同 英文作文
差异不同英文作文英文：Differences and similarities are two concepts that are often used in our daily lives. Differences refer to the characteristics or qualities that distinguish one thing from another, while similarities refer to the characteristics or qualities that are shared by two or more things.For example, let's take a look at two different fruits: apples and oranges. The differences between these twofruits include their appearance, taste, and texture. Apples are round or oval-shaped with a smooth skin, while oranges are spherical with a bumpy skin. Apples are sweet or tartin taste, while oranges are sweet and tangy. Apples have a crisp texture, while oranges have a juicy texture.On the other hand, the similarities between these two fruits include the fact that they are both fruits, theyboth grow on trees, and they are both rich in vitamins and minerals. They can both be eaten raw or cooked, and they are both used in a variety of recipes.In our daily lives, we encounter differences and similarities in many different situations. For example, when we meet new people, we notice the differences in their appearance, personality, and background, but we also find similarities in our interests, values, and beliefs. When we travel to different places, we notice the differences in the culture, language, and customs, but we also find similarities in the food, music, and art.In conclusion, differences and similarities are two important concepts that help us understand and appreciate the diversity of the world around us.中文：差异和相似是我们日常生活中经常使用的两个概念。
OSHA现场作业手册说明书
DIRECTIVE NUMBER: CPL 02-00-150 EFFECTIVE DATE: April 22, 2011 SUBJECT: Field Operations Manual (FOM)ABSTRACTPurpose: This instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148,Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009, whichreplaced the September 26, 1994 Instruction that implemented the FieldInspection Reference Manual (FIRM). The FOM is a revision of OSHA’senforcement policies and procedures manual that provides the field officesa reference document for identifying the responsibilities associated withthe majority of their inspection duties. This Instruction also cancels OSHAInstruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs,May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045,Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989.Scope: OSHA-wide.References: Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.6, Advance Notice ofInspections; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.14, Policy RegardingEmployee Rescue Activities; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.19,Abatement Verification; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1904.39,Reporting Fatalities and Multiple Hospitalizations to OSHA; and Housingfor Agricultural Workers: Final Rule, Federal Register, March 4, 1980 (45FR 14180).Cancellations: OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual, November9, 2009.OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and HealthPrograms, May 17, 1996.Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised FieldOperations Manual, June 15, 1989.State Impact: Notice of Intent and Adoption required. See paragraph VI.Action Offices: National, Regional, and Area OfficesOriginating Office: Directorate of Enforcement Programs Contact: Directorate of Enforcement ProgramsOffice of General Industry Enforcement200 Constitution Avenue, NW, N3 119Washington, DC 20210202-693-1850By and Under the Authority ofDavid Michaels, PhD, MPHAssistant SecretaryExecutive SummaryThis instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009. The one remaining part of the prior Field Operations Manual, the chapter on Disclosure, will be added at a later date. This Instruction also cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989. This Instruction constitutes OSHA’s general enforcement policies and procedures manual for use by the field offices in conducting inspections, issuing citations and proposing penalties.Significant Changes∙A new Table of Contents for the entire FOM is added.∙ A new References section for the entire FOM is added∙ A new Cancellations section for the entire FOM is added.∙Adds a Maritime Industry Sector to Section III of Chapter 10, Industry Sectors.∙Revises sections referring to the Enhanced Enforcement Program (EEP) replacing the information with the Severe Violator Enforcement Program (SVEP).∙Adds Chapter 13, Federal Agency Field Activities.∙Cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996.DisclaimerThis manual is intended to provide instruction regarding some of the internal operations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and is solely for the benefit of the Government. No duties, rights, or benefits, substantive or procedural, are created or implied by this manual. The contents of this manual are not enforceable by any person or entity against the Department of Labor or the United States. Statements which reflect current Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission or court precedents do not necessarily indicate acquiescence with those precedents.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONI.PURPOSE. ........................................................................................................... 1-1 II.SCOPE. ................................................................................................................ 1-1 III.REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 1-1 IV.CANCELLATIONS............................................................................................. 1-8 V. ACTION INFORMATION ................................................................................. 1-8A.R ESPONSIBLE O FFICE.......................................................................................................................................... 1-8B.A CTION O FFICES. .................................................................................................................... 1-8C. I NFORMATION O FFICES............................................................................................................ 1-8 VI. STATE IMPACT. ................................................................................................ 1-8 VII.SIGNIFICANT CHANGES. ............................................................................... 1-9 VIII.BACKGROUND. ................................................................................................. 1-9 IX. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY. ........................................................ 1-10A.T HE A CT................................................................................................................................................................. 1-10B. C OMPLIANCE S AFETY AND H EALTH O FFICER (CSHO). ...........................................................1-10B.H E/S HE AND H IS/H ERS ..................................................................................................................................... 1-10C.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT............................................................................................................................... 1-10E. W ORKPLACE AND W ORKSITE ......................................................................................................................... 1-10CHAPTER 2PROGRAM PLANNINGI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2-1 II.AREA OFFICE RESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................. 2-1A.P ROVIDING A SSISTANCE TO S MALL E MPLOYERS. ...................................................................................... 2-1B.A REA O FFICE O UTREACH P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................................. 2-1C. R ESPONDING TO R EQUESTS FOR A SSISTANCE. ............................................................................................ 2-2 III. OSHA COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS OVERVIEW. ...................................... 2-2A.V OLUNTARY P ROTECTION P ROGRAM (VPP). ........................................................................... 2-2B.O NSITE C ONSULTATION P ROGRAM. ................................................................................................................ 2-2C.S TRATEGIC P ARTNERSHIPS................................................................................................................................. 2-3D.A LLIANCE P ROGRAM ........................................................................................................................................... 2-3 IV. ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM SCHEDULING. ................................................ 2-4A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-4B.I NSPECTION P RIORITY C RITERIA. ..................................................................................................................... 2-4C.E FFECT OF C ONTEST ............................................................................................................................................ 2-5D.E NFORCEMENT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATIONS. ....................................................................................... 2-6E.P REEMPTION BY A NOTHER F EDERAL A GENCY ........................................................................................... 2-6F.U NITED S TATES P OSTAL S ERVICE. .................................................................................................................. 2-7G.H OME-B ASED W ORKSITES. ................................................................................................................................ 2-8H.I NSPECTION/I NVESTIGATION T YPES. ............................................................................................................... 2-8 V.UNPROGRAMMED ACTIVITY – HAZARD EVALUATION AND INSPECTION SCHEDULING ............................................................................ 2-9 VI.PROGRAMMED INSPECTIONS. ................................................................... 2-10A.S ITE-S PECIFIC T ARGETING (SST) P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................. 2-10B.S CHEDULING FOR C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS. ..................................................................................... 2-10C.S CHEDULING FOR M ARITIME I NSPECTIONS. ............................................................................. 2-11D.S PECIAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (SEP S). ................................................................................... 2-12E.N ATIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (NEP S) ............................................................................... 2-13F.L OCAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (LEP S) AND R EGIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (REP S) ............ 2-13G.O THER S PECIAL P ROGRAMS. ............................................................................................................................ 2-13H.I NSPECTION S CHEDULING AND I NTERFACE WITH C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPANTS ....... 2-13CHAPTER 3INSPECTION PROCEDURESI.INSPECTION PREPARATION. .......................................................................... 3-1 II.INSPECTION PLANNING. .................................................................................. 3-1A.R EVIEW OF I NSPECTION H ISTORY .................................................................................................................... 3-1B.R EVIEW OF C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPATION .............................................................................. 3-1C.OSHA D ATA I NITIATIVE (ODI) D ATA R EVIEW .......................................................................................... 3-2D.S AFETY AND H EALTH I SSUES R ELATING TO CSHO S.................................................................. 3-2E.A DVANCE N OTICE. ................................................................................................................................................ 3-3F.P RE-I NSPECTION C OMPULSORY P ROCESS ...................................................................................................... 3-5G.P ERSONAL S ECURITY C LEARANCE. ................................................................................................................. 3-5H.E XPERT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................................................... 3-5 III. INSPECTION SCOPE. ......................................................................................... 3-6A.C OMPREHENSIVE ................................................................................................................................................... 3-6B.P ARTIAL. ................................................................................................................................................................... 3-6 IV. CONDUCT OF INSPECTION .............................................................................. 3-6A.T IME OF I NSPECTION............................................................................................................................................. 3-6B.P RESENTING C REDENTIALS. ............................................................................................................................... 3-6C.R EFUSAL TO P ERMIT I NSPECTION AND I NTERFERENCE ............................................................................. 3-7D.E MPLOYEE P ARTICIPATION. ............................................................................................................................... 3-9E.R ELEASE FOR E NTRY ............................................................................................................................................ 3-9F.B ANKRUPT OR O UT OF B USINESS. .................................................................................................................... 3-9G.E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES. ................................................................................................. 3-10H.S TRIKE OR L ABOR D ISPUTE ............................................................................................................................. 3-10I. V ARIANCES. .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-11 V. OPENING CONFERENCE. ................................................................................ 3-11A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-11B.R EVIEW OF A PPROPRIATION A CT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATION. ..................................................... 3-13C.R EVIEW S CREENING FOR P ROCESS S AFETY M ANAGEMENT (PSM) C OVERAGE............................. 3-13D.R EVIEW OF V OLUNTARY C OMPLIANCE P ROGRAMS. ................................................................................ 3-14E.D ISRUPTIVE C ONDUCT. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-15F.C LASSIFIED A REAS ............................................................................................................................................. 3-16VI. REVIEW OF RECORDS. ................................................................................... 3-16A.I NJURY AND I LLNESS R ECORDS...................................................................................................................... 3-16B.R ECORDING C RITERIA. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-18C. R ECORDKEEPING D EFICIENCIES. .................................................................................................................. 3-18 VII. WALKAROUND INSPECTION. ....................................................................... 3-19A.W ALKAROUND R EPRESENTATIVES ............................................................................................................... 3-19B.E VALUATION OF S AFETY AND H EALTH M ANAGEMENT S YSTEM. ....................................................... 3-20C.R ECORD A LL F ACTS P ERTINENT TO A V IOLATION. ................................................................................. 3-20D.T ESTIFYING IN H EARINGS ................................................................................................................................ 3-21E.T RADE S ECRETS. ................................................................................................................................................. 3-21F.C OLLECTING S AMPLES. ..................................................................................................................................... 3-22G.P HOTOGRAPHS AND V IDEOTAPES.................................................................................................................. 3-22H.V IOLATIONS OF O THER L AWS. ....................................................................................................................... 3-23I.I NTERVIEWS OF N ON-M ANAGERIAL E MPLOYEES .................................................................................... 3-23J.M ULTI-E MPLOYER W ORKSITES ..................................................................................................................... 3-27 K.A DMINISTRATIVE S UBPOENA.......................................................................................................................... 3-27 L.E MPLOYER A BATEMENT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................ 3-27 VIII. CLOSING CONFERENCE. .............................................................................. 3-28A.P ARTICIPANTS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-28B.D ISCUSSION I TEMS. ............................................................................................................................................ 3-28C.A DVICE TO A TTENDEES .................................................................................................................................... 3-29D.P ENALTIES............................................................................................................................................................. 3-30E.F EASIBLE A DMINISTRATIVE, W ORK P RACTICE AND E NGINEERING C ONTROLS. ............................ 3-30F.R EDUCING E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ................................................................................................................ 3-32G.A BATEMENT V ERIFICATION. ........................................................................................................................... 3-32H.E MPLOYEE D ISCRIMINATION .......................................................................................................................... 3-33 IX. SPECIAL INSPECTION PROCEDURES. ...................................................... 3-33A.F OLLOW-UP AND M ONITORING I NSPECTIONS............................................................................................ 3-33B.C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 3-34C. F EDERAL A GENCY I NSPECTIONS. ................................................................................................................. 3-35CHAPTER 4VIOLATIONSI. BASIS OF VIOLATIONS ..................................................................................... 4-1A.S TANDARDS AND R EGULATIONS. .................................................................................................................... 4-1B.E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ........................................................................................................................................ 4-3C.R EGULATORY R EQUIREMENTS. ........................................................................................................................ 4-6D.H AZARD C OMMUNICATION. .............................................................................................................................. 4-6E. E MPLOYER/E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................... 4-6 II. SERIOUS VIOLATIONS. .................................................................................... 4-8A.S ECTION 17(K). ......................................................................................................................... 4-8B.E STABLISHING S ERIOUS V IOLATIONS ............................................................................................................ 4-8C. F OUR S TEPS TO BE D OCUMENTED. ................................................................................................................... 4-8 III. GENERAL DUTY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 4-14A.E VALUATION OF G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 4-14B.E LEMENTS OF A G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENT V IOLATION.............................................................. 4-14C. U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE ........................................................................................................ 4-23D.L IMITATIONS OF U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..............................................................E.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS C ITED U NDER THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..................F. P ROCEDURES FOR I MPLEMENTATION OF S ECTION 5(A)(1) E NFORCEMENT ............................ 4-25 4-27 4-27IV.OTHER-THAN-SERIOUS VIOLATIONS ............................................... 4-28 V.WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ......................................................................... 4-28A.I NTENTIONAL D ISREGARD V IOLATIONS. ..........................................................................................4-28B.P LAIN I NDIFFERENCE V IOLATIONS. ...................................................................................................4-29 VI. CRIMINAL/WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ................................................... 4-30A.A REA D IRECTOR C OORDINATION ....................................................................................................... 4-31B.C RITERIA FOR I NVESTIGATING P OSSIBLE C RIMINAL/W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS ........................ 4-31C. W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS R ELATED TO A F ATALITY .......................................................................... 4-32 VII. REPEATED VIOLATIONS. ...................................................................... 4-32A.F EDERAL AND S TATE P LAN V IOLATIONS. ........................................................................................4-32B.I DENTICAL S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-32C.D IFFERENT S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-33D.O BTAINING I NSPECTION H ISTORY. .....................................................................................................4-33E.T IME L IMITATIONS..................................................................................................................................4-34F.R EPEATED V. F AILURE TO A BATE....................................................................................................... 4-34G. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-35 VIII. DE MINIMIS CONDITIONS. ................................................................... 4-36A.C RITERIA ................................................................................................................................................... 4-36B.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT. ..................................................................................................................4-37C. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-37 IX. CITING IN THE ALTERNATIVE ............................................................ 4-37 X. COMBINING AND GROUPING VIOLATIONS. ................................... 4-37A.C OMBINING. ..............................................................................................................................................4-37B.G ROUPING. ................................................................................................................................................4-38C. W HEN N OT TO G ROUP OR C OMBINE. ................................................................................................4-38 XI. HEALTH STANDARD VIOLATIONS ....................................................... 4-39A.C ITATION OF V ENTILATION S TANDARDS ......................................................................................... 4-39B.V IOLATIONS OF THE N OISE S TANDARD. ...........................................................................................4-40 XII. VIOLATIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION STANDARD(§1910.134). ....................................................................................................... XIII. VIOLATIONS OF AIR CONTAMINANT STANDARDS (§1910.1000) ... 4-43 4-43A.R EQUIREMENTS UNDER THE STANDARD: .................................................................................................. 4-43B.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS OF A IR C ONTAMINANT S TANDARDS. ......................................... 4-43 XIV. CITING IMPROPER PERSONAL HYGIENE PRACTICES. ................... 4-45A.I NGESTION H AZARDS. .................................................................................................................................... 4-45B.A BSORPTION H AZARDS. ................................................................................................................................ 4-46C.W IPE S AMPLING. ............................................................................................................................................. 4-46D.C ITATION P OLICY ............................................................................................................................................ 4-46 XV. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING. ...................................................................... 4-47CHAPTER 5CASE FILE PREPARATION AND DOCUMENTATIONI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5-1 II.INSPECTION CONDUCTED, CITATIONS BEING ISSUED. .................... 5-1A.OSHA-1 ................................................................................................................................... 5-1B.OSHA-1A. ............................................................................................................................... 5-1C. OSHA-1B. ................................................................................................................................ 5-2 III.INSPECTION CONDUCTED BUT NO CITATIONS ISSUED .................... 5-5 IV.NO INSPECTION ............................................................................................... 5-5 V. HEALTH INSPECTIONS. ................................................................................. 5-6A.D OCUMENT P OTENTIAL E XPOSURE. ............................................................................................................... 5-6B.E MPLOYER’S O CCUPATIONAL S AFETY AND H EALTH S YSTEM. ............................................................. 5-6 VI. AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES............................................................................. 5-8A.B URDEN OF P ROOF. .............................................................................................................................................. 5-8B.E XPLANATIONS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-8 VII. INTERVIEW STATEMENTS. ........................................................................ 5-10A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-10B.CSHO S SHALL OBTAIN WRITTEN STATEMENTS WHEN: .......................................................................... 5-10C.L ANGUAGE AND W ORDING OF S TATEMENT. ............................................................................................. 5-11D.R EFUSAL TO S IGN S TATEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 5-11E.V IDEO AND A UDIOTAPED S TATEMENTS. ..................................................................................................... 5-11F.A DMINISTRATIVE D EPOSITIONS. .............................................................................................5-11 VIII. PAPERWORK AND WRITTEN PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS. .......... 5-12 IX.GUIDELINES FOR CASE FILE DOCUMENTATION FOR USE WITH VIDEOTAPES AND AUDIOTAPES .............................................................. 5-12 X.CASE FILE ACTIVITY DIARY SHEET. ..................................................... 5-12 XI. CITATIONS. ..................................................................................................... 5-12A.S TATUTE OF L IMITATIONS. .............................................................................................................................. 5-13B.I SSUING C ITATIONS. ........................................................................................................................................... 5-13C.A MENDING/W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS AND N OTIFICATION OF P ENALTIES. .................................. 5-13D.P ROCEDURES FOR A MENDING OR W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS ............................................................ 5-14 XII. INSPECTION RECORDS. ............................................................................... 5-15A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-15B.R ELEASE OF I NSPECTION I NFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 5-15C. C LASSIFIED AND T RADE S ECRET I NFORMATION ...................................................................................... 5-16。
真假难辨新概念英语作文逐句精讲
真假难辨新概念英语作文逐句精讲In the realm of language learning, the concept of "true" and "false" can be as elusive as a mirage. English, with its nuances and exceptions, challenges even the most diligent students.The new concept English, a curriculum that delves into the intricacies of the language, often leaves students puzzled. It's not just about memorizing words; it's about understanding the context and the subtleties of usage.Take, for instance, the phrase "I could care less." It's a common expression, yet its meaning is often misconstrued. The correct phrase, "I couldn't care less," conveys a complete lack of concern, which is the opposite of what one might initially think.Another example is the use of "literally" and "figuratively." While "literally" is meant to denote exactness, it's frequently used to add emphasis in a figurative sense, leading to confusion.The beauty of English lies in its flexibility, but it also poses a challenge for learners. It's a language where the same word can have multiple meanings, and the same sentence can be interpreted in different ways.The key to mastering this new concept English is not justto learn the rules but to appreciate the exceptions. It's about embracing the language's complexity and learning to navigate its twists and turns.In conclusion, the journey through new concept English is akin to a detective's quest for truth. It requires a keen eye for detail, an open mind to accept the unexpected, and a heart that's not afraid to embrace the ambiguity.。
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This is difference between SHINSEN and ordinary water purifiers.
Water activator SHINSEN can provide all the advantages of a water purifier. As can be seen in the table below , among all the characteristics, especially eye-catching is the “alteration of water”. While reducing the odor of chlorine in tap water, it preserves chlorine’s ability to disinfect. Water purifiers remove all chlorine in the filtering, so the moment the water is purified, it faces the risk of deterioration. Another problem with water purifiers is that a great number of miscellaneous microbes grow in the water which remains within the filter .Now, people who have concerns about water are changing their interest “from water purifiers to water activators”. 这就是新泉和普通净水器的区别
新泉，水的催化剂，能为净水器提供一切的有利条件。
正如现在所看到的，在新泉所有的性能中，尤其是眼观，是“水的改变”。
在降低水龙头里的水中的氯的气味时，它能保护氯的性能被消毒。
净水器在净化过程中能去除所有的氯，因此在水被净化的同时，它也面临着恶化的危险。
另一个问题是，净水器在过滤的过程中会残留大量各种各样的微生物。
现在，关心水的问题人们正把他们的注意力从“水的净化器”转移到“水的催化剂”上。