literature translation 培根

Francis Bacon(1561-1626)Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Albans,[1] KC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author and pioneer of the scientific method. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. Although his political career ended in disgrace, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution.Bacon has been called the father of empiricism.[2] His works established and popularised inductive methodologies for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method, or simply the scientific method. His demand for a planned procedure of investigating all things natural marked a new turn in the rhetorical and theoretical framework for science, much of which still surrounds conceptions of proper methodology today. His dedication probably led to his death, bringing him into a rare historical group of scientists who were killed by their own experiments.Bacon was knighted in 1603, and created both the Baron Verulam in 1618, and the Viscount St Alban in 1621; as he died without heirs both peerages became extinct upon his death. He famously died of pneumonia contracted while studying the effects of freezing on the preservation of meat.Position in the history of literatureDespite the fanatical claims (and very un-Baconian credulity) of a few admirers, it is a virtual certainty that Bacon did not write the works traditionally attributed to William Shakespeare. Even so, the Lord Chancellor’s high place in the history of English literature as well as his influential role in the development of English prose style remain well-established and secure. Indeed even if Bacon had produced nothing else but his masterful Essayes(first published in 1597 and then revised and expanded in 1612 and 1625), he would still rate among the top echelon of 17th-century English authors. And so when we take into account his other writings, e.g., his histories, letters, and especially his major philosophical and scientific works, we must surely place him in the first rank of English literature’s great men of letters and among its finest masters (alongside names like Johnson, Mill, Carlyle, and Ruskin) of non-fiction prose.Bacon’s StyleBacon’s style, though elegant, is by no means as simple as it seems or as it is often described. In fact it is actually a fairly complex affair that achieves its air of ease and clarity more through its balanced cadences, natural metaphors, and carefully arranged symmetries than through the use of plain words, commonplace ideas, and straightforward syntax. (In this connection it is noteworthy that in the revised versions of the essays Bacon seems to have deliberately disrupted many of his earlier balanced effects to produce a style that is actually more jagged and, in effect, more challenging to the casual reader.)Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.何新译文：读书可以作为消遗，可以作为装饰，也可以增长才干。

东旭译文：读书是为了娱乐、装饰和增长才能。

水天同译文：读书为学底用途是娱乐、装饰和增长才识。

王楫译文：读书可以怡情养性，可以摭拾文采，可以增长才干。

王佐良译文：读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。

陈才宇译文：读书可以作为娱乐，作为装饰，作为能力的培养。

姚宗立译文：学习以获乐趣，以装饰门面，以求才能。

廖运范译文：读书能给人乐趣、文雅和能力。

曹明伦译文：读书之用有三：一为怡神旷心，二为增趣添雅，三为长才益智。

陈毅平译文：读书可以娱乐，可以装饰，可以增长才干。

Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business水天同译文：在娱乐上学问底主要的用处是幽居养静；在装饰上学问底用处是辞令；在长才上学问底用处是对于事务的判断和处理。

王佐良译文：其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。

廖运范译文：人们独居或退隐的时候，最能体会到读书的乐趣；谈话的时候，最能表现出读书的文雅；判断和处理事物的时候，最能发挥由读书而获得的能力。

曹明伦译文：怡神旷心最见于蛰伏幽居，增趣添雅最见于高谈雄辩，而长才益智则最见于处事辨理For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.何新译文：懂得事务因果的人是幸运的。

有实际经验的人虽能够处理个别性的事务，但若要综观整体，运筹全局，却唯有学识方能办到。

水天同译文：因为富于经验的人善于实行，也许能够对个别的事情一件一件地加以判断；但是最好的有关大体的议论和对事务的计划与布置，乃是从有学问的人来的。

王佐良译文：练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。

廖运范译文：那些有实际经验而没有学识的人，也许能够一一实行或判断某些事物的细微末节，但对于事业的一般指导、筹划与处理，还是真正有学问的人才能胜任。

曹明伦译文：虽说有经验者能就一事一理进行处置或分辨，但若要通观全局并运筹帷幄，则还是博览群书者最能胜任。

4．To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affection; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar何新译文：读书太慢会驰惰，为装潢而读书是欺人，只按照书本办事是呆子。

水天同译文：在学问上费时过多是偷懒；把学问过于用作装饰是虚假；完全依学问上的规则而断事是书生底怪癖。

王佐良译文：读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。