高考英语定语从句讲解及练习

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高考英语定语从句练习

高考英语定语从句练习

定语从句一、语法知识在复合句中,修饰某一名词和代词,或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句,它相当于形容词。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

引导定语从句的关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as 和关系副词when, where, why。

关系代词和关系副词既联系从句和先行词,还在从句中充当一个成分。

关系代词1.Who (指人,主格,从句中作主语或宾语)2.Whom (人,宾格,从句中作宾语)3.Whose (指人,也指物,从句中作定语)●如表示所有关系,指人可以与of whom互换,指物可与of which 互换4. Which (指物,从句中作主语或宾语)●关系代词在从句中做宾语时一般可省略。

●当从句中的介词提前时,关系代词只能用which, whom,且不可省略。

●Which 充当both of, all of, none of, one of 的宾语时不能用whose 互换。

5. that (指人,也可物,从句中作主语或宾语,还可以作表语)That 指物可以与which互换,以下几种情况只用that。

1.先行词all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词2.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰。

3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

4.先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。

5.先行词既有人又有物,从句应用that,而不是其他。

当主句是以which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句多用that以上通常是使用于先行词为物,先行词是人一般不受限制6.as 常用于the same--- as, such ---as, as --- as , so --- as关系副词1.W hen (表示时间,时间状语)2.w here (表示地点,地点状语)3.w hy(表示原因,原因状语,先行词reason)非限制性定语从句1.从句与先行词关系松散。

高考英语定语从句和名词性从句讲解与综合训练

高考英语定语从句和名词性从句讲解与综合训练

高考英语定语从句和名词性从句讲解与综合训练名词从句有四类:宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。

例如:宾语从句:I don’t know where he will go.主语从句:Where he will go is unknown.表语从句:The problem is how we can get so much money.同位语从句:We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的:1.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意,(即引导宾语从句时if和whether可以互换)但以下几种名词从句要用whether(不用if)引导:(1)引导主语从句,且在句首时。

例:Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).(2)引导表语从句时。

例The problem is whether he can get a job.(3)引导同位语从句时。

例:I have no idea whether he will come.(4)介词后的whether从句。

例:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.2.位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。

例如:That he got the first place in the competition surprisedall of us.3.在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/nowonder/necessary/strange/…+that从句”结构中,that从句谓语有时用(should)do这样的虚拟语气形式。

高考英语定语从句讲解

高考英语定语从句讲解

高考英语定语从句讲解高考英语定语从句讲解一. 定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

高考英语定语从句讲解二. 引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why 等。

关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

高考英语定语从句讲解三. 定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。

非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

高考英语定语从句讲解四. 关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。

在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。

例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。

(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。

(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。

作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。

例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。

(作主语)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。

(作宾语)3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。

高考定语从句详解 练习

高考定语从句详解 练习

定语从句一、基本概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

如:Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。

引导定语从句的关系代词有:that, who, whom, whose, which;关系副词有:when, where, why.根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

对于定语从句的理解:1.定语从句是由一个句子做定语修饰某个名词或代词2.被修饰的这个名词或代词在从句中又要充当一定成份。

可以把定语从句理解成是两个句子的合并。

如果两个句子有交叉(相同)部分,则可以把这个交叉的部分做成被修饰成份,构成一个含有定语从句的句子,如:原句: My younger brother is an artist, and he is good at Chinese art.→My younger brother who is good at Chinese art is an artist.The firemen haven’t managed to put out the fire; the fire broke out at 5 a.m.→The firemen haven’t managed to put out the fire which broke out at 5 a.m.The president will visit our school, and it is very exciting.→The president will visit our school, which is very exciting.二、关系词的用法:一句话语法:关系代词在从句中=先行词,whose除外,whose=先行词所有格1. 关系代词who(指人), that(指人和物),which(指物),作主语。

高考英语语法定语从句讲解与练习附答案

高考英语语法定语从句讲解与练习附答案

定语从句与高考定语从句是高考的热点,主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用,特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。

主要考点有:1.关系代词who, which, that, whom, as, whose的基本用法。

2.关系副词when, where, why的基本用法。

3.定语从句中关系词的特殊用法。

4.定语从句中“介词+关系代词”介词的确定。

5. which/ as引导的非限制性定语从句的区别。

一、定语从句的分类限制性定语从句定语从句非限制性定语从句二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别区别一:形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开;而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常____用___逗号隔开。

区别二:功能不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意____不明确___;而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意不影响。

如:People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。

(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。

(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)比较下面的两个句子:I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个当医生的姐姐。

(姐姐不止一个)I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。

(只有一个姐姐)区别三:翻译不同在翻译定语从句时,一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前,而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。

如:He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。

I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。

高考英语专项定语从句语法详解以及练习题

高考英语专项定语从句语法详解以及练习题

高考英语专项定语从句语法详解以及练习题定语从句确实是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,同时作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词(一)定语从句一样由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词:when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于主句先行词之后,定语从句之首,,起着连接先行词和定语从句的作用,同时在从句中又充当句子成分。

先行词:定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她确实是住在隔壁家的女孩。

关系代词that 人/物主语宾语Which 物主语宾语Whom 人宾语Who 人主语宾语Whose 人/物定语As 人/物主语宾语先行词在定语从句中作的语法成分关系副词when 时刻名词状语Where 地点名词状语Why 缘故reason 状语关系副词when(指时刻,在定语从句中作时刻状语,where(指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语),why(指缘故,在定语从句中作缘故状语)。

who, whom, whose, which, that, as的使用先行词指人,在定语从句中作主语,用who/that,同时不能省略She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她确实是住在隔壁家的女孩。

先行词指人,在定语从句中作宾语,用whom/who/that,能够省略That is the girl whom/who/that I teach. 那个确实是我教的女孩。

先行词指物,在定语从句中作主语,用which/that,同时不能省略The work that/which has just been finished is very important. 刚刚完成的那份工作专门重要。

先行词指物,在定语从句中作宾语,用which/that,能够省略This is the book which/that I want to read. 这确实是我想读的一本书。

高考英语定语从句讲解+习题-

高考英语定语从句讲解+习题-

在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句,所以,也称作形容词性从句。

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。

提示:关系词在定语从句中有三大作用1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。

I I . 我把我所有的钱都给了她。

(连接先特词和定语从句I )2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。

a . 住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。

(替代)3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。

I . 我喜欢传统的中国画。

(在定语从句中作主语)一、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有, , , , 等。

它们分别代替前面的先行词,并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。

A.指人,在定语从句中作主语。

借钱给你的那人叫什么名字?(定语从句修饰先行词). 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。

(定语从句修饰先行词)会议主席坐在我右边,他先发言。

(定语从句修饰先行词)B.指人,在定语从句中做宾语。

在口语或非正式文体中,可省略或可用来代替,但在介词后面以与在非限制性定语从句中只能用。

有些人我们是喜欢的,有些人则是我们讨厌的。

(定语从句分别修饰先行词, )I .和我一起工作的人都很友好。

(定语从句修饰先行词). , I , .. , I , .昨晚我在里和卡特先生交谈过,他对我们的计划很感兴趣。

(非限制性定语从句中不能用代替), I , .两个人来到我的办公室,我以前从未见过他们。

(在介词后面不用)C.人、物皆可,做定语,后面要紧跟被修饰的名词,先行词和后面的名词之间往往是从属关系。

有些人,他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。

(定语从句修饰先行词)I .我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。

(定语从句修饰行词)D.1.指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。

做宾语时常可省略。

广东高考英语定语从句讲解及练习

广东高考英语定语从句讲解及练习

高三英语——定语从句复习1.定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示a clever boy The boiling water Fallen leaves The man who you are looking for2.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句。

Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Y ang this morning?3.先行词:被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词4.关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词:_________ _________ _________ ___________ _________关系副词:______ ___________ __________一.关系代词引导的定语从句练习1:合并下列句子,判断关系词句子中充当的成分1. He is the man . I told you about him.2 These are some trees. They were planted last year.3. This recorder is made in Japan. He is using it.4 Wang Lin is our monitor. She is 16 years old.5 This is the girl. Her parents are doctors.6. This is the book .Its cover is blue.归纳that 指人/物,作___________ 或_________. which 指物,作_________或_________who指人,作____________whose 在定语从句中作__________,表示引导词,与whose 后的名词为所属关系。

whose多指人,也可指物,指物时可与of which互换使用。

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高中英语定语从句汇总讲解◆英语谚语欣赏1. He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for –nothing.不懂装懂,一事无成.2. It’s the first step that costs.千里之行,始于足下3. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.甘当小绵羊,迟早要喂狼.一、概念:1、定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

功能相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语。

定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。

2、先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。

先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those 等代词。

数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。

3、注意两点:①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。

This is the place which is worth visiting.②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。

There are many places that we can visit(them)in China.4、关系词:引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词:who, whom, which, that, whose, as 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。

关系副词:when, where, why在从句中只作状语。

that偶尔也作关系副词。

5、定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词。

二、几个关系代词的基本用法:(一)that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。

(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? (主语)2. You can take anything ( that) you like. (宾语)3. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.(表语)(二)which: 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。

如:1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.(主语)2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.(宾语)3. He was proud, which his brother never was. (表语)4. Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.(定语)(三)who, whom, whose:who: 主格, 在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人whom: 宾格,在从句中作宾语; 只可指人whose: 属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。

1. All who heard the story were amazed. (主语)(代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)2. He's a man from whom we should learn. (宾语)= He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.3. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.(指人)4. I'd like a room whose window faces south. (指物)(四)关系代词作介词宾语:关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。

关系代词who 和that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末.)1. This is the book for which you asked.=This is the book (that/which) you asked for.2. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands?= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with?3. The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age.4. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.5. This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组,不可前置。

look at, look for, look after, take care of等)(五)as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)①如为限制性的,多用于the same …as ; the same as;such …as …; as many/much as;so …as等结构中。

如:1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。

2. Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (关系代词as和指示代词same连用, 在从句中用作表语, 先行词是same.)3. Don't do such things as you are not sure about.4. There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比较:Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. (定语从句)Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.(结果状语从句)②如为非限制性的,多单独引导一个定语从句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为"正如,这一点"。

(动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.※As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语)=Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know .=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作主语)※He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)三、关系副词引导的定语从句:(一)When 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。

其先行词是表时间的名词(如:time, day, week, tear, month, etc.)1.He came last night when I was out.2. We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意:先行词为"时间名词",可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语;还可以用which或that 引导,which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较:1)Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner.(作状语)2)I still remember the days which/that we spent together. (作宾语)3)I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.(作主语)(二)Where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。

其先行词是表示地点的名词。

如:place, school, factory, room, etc.1. This is the place where I was born.2. I live in the room where /in which he used to live.注意:先行词是"地点名词",定语从句可用where引导,还可用which或that引导,which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较: ※1)This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. (作状语)2)I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.3)He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.※This is the park which/that they visited last year. (作宾语)(三)Why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。

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