The+symbolic+art+used+by+Melville+in+Moby+Dick
《白鲸》英语论文人与自然的关系开题报告_英语论文
---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------ 《白鲸》英语论文人与自然的关系+开题报告_英语论文Acknowledgments I am grateful to all those who have helped me in the completion of the thesis.My profound gratitude goes firstly to Prof. He Maolin, my supervisor, who has given me constant guidance during the process of this thesis. Her generously sharing of inspirational and provocative ideas has always been a valuable source of my paper. Thank you for giving me so many advices and revising my paper. Moreover, I would like to express my sincere thanks to all the authors mentioned in the dissertation for their excellent work.Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the respectable teachers of Shanghai Institute of Technology, from whom I have benefited a lot in the field of English studies. 44741 / 24AbstractHerman Melville is not only one of the greatest romanticists in American literary history but also an influential writer in world literature. Moby Dick, Herman Melville's masterpiece, is now considered to be one of the world's greatest works although the initial critical responses to this novel were generally negative. Moby Dick reveals Melville's profound insight into the relationship between human beings and nature and his preoccupation with human fate in the universe. In Moby Dick, Melville has woven the Pequod crew of different races and beliefs together. By analyzing the connection and contrast of their actions and fates in front of nature, this thesis is to summarize the proper way that human beings and nature interact.This thesis aims to make a research for the relationship between human and nature in novel Moby Dick. With the---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------development of society, the relationship between human and nature is still a hot topic. The natural philosophy of the novel is exactly what we need now. Why does the writer create this work? What opinion does he want to express? What can his opinion bring to modern society? The thesis is to find these answers and help us understand the relationship between human and nature better. And I write this thesis from four aspects. The first part is about the main information of the novel including the description of the main characters . And the second is about natural consciousness of main characters, which makes an analysis of main characters’ attitude to the nature. In the third part, the author focuses on the symbolism of relationship between man and nature in Moby Dick. And in the last part, the point is to reveal modern value of the relationship between man and nature in Moby Dick.CONTENTS3 / 24AcknowledgmentsiAbstractii摘要iii1.Introduction11.1 Herman Melville and Moby Dick11.2 Kantian Philosophy12. Literature Review32.1 Different Opinions of Scholar on Moby Dick3 2.2 Description of the Main Figures in Moby Dick5---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------ 2.3 Ahab’s “Individualism”73 Natural Consciousness of Main Characters83.1 Natural Consciousness of Ahab83.2 Natural Consciousness of Starbuck93.3 Natural Consciousness of Ishmael104 The Symbolism of Relationship between Man and Nature in Moby Dick124.1 The Hidden Relationship between Main Characters and Nature124.2 The True Meaning of the Relationship between Man5 / 24and Nature135 Modern Value of the Relationship between Man and Nature in Moby Dick155.1 Ecological Revelation155.2 Practical Significance166 Conclusion18Bibliography191.Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------ 1.1 Herman Melville and Moby DickHerman Melville is not only one of the greatest romanticists in American literary history but also an influential writer in world literature. Moby Dick, Herman Melville's masterpiece, is now considered to be one of the world's greatest works although the initial critical responses to this novel were generally negative. Moby Dick is the sixth novel published by Herman Melville. It mixes a number of literary styles including a fictional adventure story, historical details and even scientific discussions. The central story of Moby Dick is the conflict between Pequod Captain Ahab and Moby Dick, a vicious white whale that once tears off one of Ahab's legs. During the voyage Ahab reveals to his crew that he seeks revenge upon Moby Dick and drives himself and his crew in a desperate search for his enemy over the sea. The whole story is told through a seafarer Ishmael's retrospective narration. When the whale is at last sighted and attacked, it rams the ship and kills Ahab7 / 24and all of the crew except Ishmael. Moby Dick reveals Melville's profound insight into the relationship between human beings and nature and his preoccupation with human fate in the universe. In Moby Dick, Melville has woven the Pequod crew of different races and beliefs together. By analyzing the connection and contrast of their actions and fates in front of nature, this thesis is to summarize the proper way that human beings and nature interact.2. Literature ReviewThere are many scholar making their own opinion on Moby Dick, which really give us o lot inspiration.2.1 Different Opinions of Scholar on Moby DickDu Xiaofei（2011）has a thorough analysis of the---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------symbolic art in Moby Dick. In this analysis he points out his view that Melville used the color "white" as whale is on purpose. Whiteness symbolizes purity and innocence. Melville believes that nature is very quiet, very peaceful and very friendly, as long as mankind can understand the coexistence of man and nature, do not disturb it, nature would not destroy mankind, otherwise, people will be inevitable doomed to fail. In novels, the crew members struggling with the white whale is the struggle of man and nature. The white whale is living in nature totally without worries, and never takes the initiative to mankind, never attacks human arbitrarily. But the sailor representing the evil side of human has tried to conquer it, destroy it, so it was finally destroyed.Kang Qiang (2005) makes a general description of the figures in Moby Dick. Of all the figures, the description of whale Moby Dick gives me a deep impression. He writes that in a sense, Moby Dick is not a character, as the reader9 / 24has no access to the White Whale’s thoughts, feelings, or intention. Instead, Moby Dick is an impersonal force, one that many critics have interpreted as an allegorical representation of God，an inscrutable and all powerful being that humankind can neither understand nor defy. Moby Dick thwarts free will and cannot be defeated, only accommodated or avoided. Ishmael tries a plethora of approaches to describe whales in general, but none proves adequate. In this way, a whale mirrors its environment. Like the whale, only the surface of the ocean is available for human observation and interpretation, while its depths are still unknown .Furthermore, even when Ishmael does get his hands on a“whole" whale, he is unable to determine which part--the skeleton, the head, the skin offers the best understanding of the whole living breathing creature; he cannot localize essence of the whale.Hao Yuanyuan(2011) raises some opinion on Ahab and---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------aesthetic sublime in Moby Dick.. She thinks that Ahab's speech is full of enthusiasm and stimulates the sailors' passion. As a matter of fact, the vengeful plan is evil and baleful. However, all sailors in Pequod are willing to take vengeance for him, and fulfill his dream. His choleric temperament enables him to become powerful and influential. Ahab can exert his influence on the crew, and bring the feeling of the aesthetic sublime for sailors. Ahab, simply speaking, is a blasphemous, complicated and conflicting character. He struggles against more than fighting against Moby Dick. This depends on his complex characters himself. His multiple personalities result in some mysteries in Moby Dick. The discussions in this thesis mentioned above are quite significant. In Moby Dick, Burke's and Kant's views on the causes and operations of the aesthetic sublime are reflected. Ahab is a significant symbol of the aesthetic sublime in Moby Dick. Ahab can arouse the aesthetic sublime and help us comprehend Moby Dick from a new point of view.11 / 24From previous books and periodicals, many studies have made the analysis of single character from Moby Dick or comparison to other works. Although many passages have been made on the relationship of man and nature, I still have my own opinions and feelings about Moby Dick.2.2 Description of the Main Figures in Moby DickThere are many characteristic figures in this novel, and in this chapter I make description of the main figures in Moby Dick, Ishmael and Ahab. Ishmael, actually, I think he is the symbol of the writer-Melville. Despite he is the centrality to the story, Ishmael does not reveal much about himself to the reader. We know that he has gone to sea, and shipping aboard a whale is his version of committing suicide-he believes that men aboard a whaling ship are lost to the world. It is apparent from Ishmael's frequent digressions on a wide range of subjects from art geology, and anatomy to legal codes and literature-that he is---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------intelligent and well educated, yet he claims that whaling ship has been “Yale College and Harvard". He seems to be a self-taught Renaissance man，good at everything but committed to nothing. Given the mythic, romantic aspects of Moby Dick, it is perhaps fitting that its narrator should be an enigma: not everything in a story so dependent on fate and the seemingly supernatural needs to make perfect sense.2.3 Ahab’s “Individualism”In Moby Dick, Ahab is the most controversial figure. Some call him as a hero, and some call him as a devil. Some even think him as the symbol as the heroism. Actually, I think Ahab’s spirit is more like individualism than the heroism. In American culture, there is a cultural phenomenon, which is individualism. Individualism constitutes the basic characteristics of American culture Individualism of American culture can really express the13 / 24American thoughts, which stems from the rational principles of Puritanism and the pursuit of personal autonomy. It is a typical Western political and social philosophy of capitalism.Being the king of the Pequod, Ahab is too much of proud individual to be a good human being. He stands alone on his only leg on the earth. For him the only law is his own will and the world exists simply for his own sake. Compared with him, his crew seems to be a ship of fools too much under his own evil spell to exercise their discretion. Ahab is a man who is crazy about his pride overwhelms his love. For example, he tells Pip, the little Negro boy saved by the Pequod, that he will murder him rather than be swayed by Pip pleading that Pip ask him to give up his quest for vengeance. Sometimes Ahab is brutally cutting to Starbuck, the first mate, and once even threatens to murder him. He absolutely cannot comprehend the patience of the long suffering blacksmith, asking him, To sum up, Ahab is angry because his pride is---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------wounded, and his "wounded pride" can recover from the revenge. His desire for revenge is at God，or whatever Ahab considers to be God, rather than merely at the whale, and this urge to avenge himself is all the more shocking because it is directed at such a vague object. Whatever power controls the universe, Ahab wants to attack it as he feels he has been attacked. All in all, Ahab is such a typical individualism.3 Natural Consciousness of Main CharactersNatural Consciousness of Main Characters in Moby Dick are totally different especial Ahab, Starbuck and Ishmael.15 / 243.2 Natural Consciousness of StarbuckStarbuck is the first mate of the Pequod, and he is devout Christian. So we shall learn the understanding of the relation between man and nature in Christian thought before talking about natural consciousness of Starbuck. The Christian believe that nature is the gift from the God, which is the tool for human. The God creates human by his own image, and wish human can manage the whole creature of nature. In addition, God give all the fruit and vegetable as food. Second, the Christian believe that nature is the tool from God to punish human, so human must obey the rule of nature.In Bible, Adam and Eva were kicked out of the garden of Eden because eating forbidden fruit, and were punished---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------by God. The God told them that they should get food through hard work. They must work hard just to feed themselves until they died into the soil. Because they come from the dust, they still went into the dust when they died. So in Christian the relation among human and nature and God is mostly impressed between man and God. Nature usually is ignored by people, and is described as the fool of God. So for the Christian the attitude to nature is paradoxical, sometimes they obey the nature, actually God, sometimes they just purse the benefit to confront nature. Starbuck is a typical example in this aspect.However, the consciousness of Starbuck also comes from his cowardice. As a Christian he chases the benefit, and in the novel the benefit is the whale oil . In another aspect, he is obedient to nature. It is this contradiction which makes him lost. Starbuck tried several times to resist the order of Ahab, but he failed. In his heart he knows that the revenge of Ahab may bring them to death, so the first time he tried to revolt. But under the despotic power of Ahab and temptation of the money, he yielded without17 / 24resistance. After several times, all his resistance was ended by failure. In fact, we can never think his action as resistance, and it is just a kind of performance of cowardice. He is typical businessman, which really decides his mind is the benefit. This is Starbuck, a person full of contradiction, which finally led him to the destruction. In the hell, he may blame all this to the Ahab, but I think it is his contradiction and greedy which bring him to the death. So Starbuck’s natural consciousness is egoism, and he never obeys the nature or controls it, and all he wants is money and benefit. At last, he sank into the ocean with his weakness and desire. So natural consciousness of Starbuck is nothing but money and his greedy, and he is a totally selfish person.After many boring years of teachering life, he decides to purse the beauty of nature. He comes to the sea to find the mystery of nature because ,one side, sea life can cure his---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------sense of boring, and in another way, his interest is fully satisfied. In the story, Ishmael shows his friendly attitude to the nature. In his opinion, white whale is not the symbol of evil but the beauty of the great nature. And at the end of story, finally, Ishmael has learnt the essence of the nature. Everyone has his own image of nature, which is totally different from others. People use their own feeling to fill the blank space of the description of nature. That is to say, there is no nature in this world, and it is our imagining and subjective consciousness which create the word of nature. So everyone’s nature is completely different, and in Ishmael’s view nature is beautiful and mysterious. He thinks the nature is equal with human like a friend.4 The Symbolism of Relationship between Man and Nature in Moby DickMelville make a clear definition of the relationship between man and nature, and we can find this from many19 / 24places.4.1 The Hidden Relationship between Main Characters and NatureThere is no doubt that Ahab is a typical resister of nature, which leads to his death. However, Ahab has fighted with nature for his whole life. Before the end of his life, he lost one of his legs in his last whaling voyage. This failure greatly hurts his self-esteem, which finally drove him to madness. At this time of stage, revenge is only reason for him to live. He has always been of the opinion that human should conquer the nature. And in his view, nature is just a stone under his feet. But in fact it is just the stone which took away one of his legs, and he can never endure this shame. He has sworn to hunt to the death of the great whale, and would not lose any opportunity of finding it. For example ,when the Pequod sails across the Pacific，he keeps asking each one of the ships he encounters," SHIP, ahoy! Hast seen the White whale? Human madness is a cunning and most feline thing. When you think it fled, it may have became transfigured into some still subtler---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------form. So in that broad madness, not one jot of his great natural intellect had perished. If such a furious trope may stand, his special lunacy stormed his general sanity, and carried it, and turned all its concentrated cannon upon its own mad mark. To conclude, for Ahab, the pursuit of Moby Dick has become the sole purpose of his existence. He is mad, but his madness is one that conserves all its cunning to achieve its end. The opinion on the relationship between human and nature, he has a different opinion from other people’s at the same time. He predicts that human’s greedy plunder of nature will led human to a tragedy inevitably, which is actually the fate of Ahab. Also, Ahab and the Pequod represent human ambitions to nature. It is such ambition that drives a lot of people in that age to plunder nature. During the time of flying capitalism, this crazy spirit has caused huge damage to the nature. The symbol of Pequod is that industrial civilization’s violence and exploitation to the nature. And the name of Pequod comes from an extinct race, which also represents the failure of human’s conquering for nature.21 / 244.2 The True Meaning of the Relationship between Man and NatureThe greatness of Moby Dick, or we can say the greatness of Herman Melville is that at his age of the time he has realized bad results after people’s serious robbery from nature. At their time, most human think themselves as the eternal protagonist of the world. Under such situation, Melville still held his own idea, which was truly great. Seeing from the outside, the story describes just the whaling trail of Pequod. However, what Herman Melville really wants to express is the fighting between human and nature. And from the end of story, we can find that Melville’s attitude to nature. He expresses this opinion that human should live in harmony with with nature. Through analyzing three main leading roles’ fate of story, it is very easy to catch Melville’s---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------ attitude.Ahab, this crazy captain of Pequod, finally lost all his legs at the whaling trail. To express correctly, we find that he brings himself a destruction. During the whole life of Ahab, we can say that he just does two things that was hunting whales and hunting Moby Dick. Maybe we can think he is doing just one thing, which is conquering nature. But it is a pity that in the end he is finished with his tragic destiny. So from this aspect, we can know one of Melville’s point that human should never want to conquer nature.Starbuck ,the first mate of Pequod, is also another tragic figure of the story. He is a typical Christian, but at last he still goes into the hell not the heaven. If we call Ahab as a devil, then Starbuck is the ghost following devil. If we can23 / 24still find some shining point of Ahab, then Starbuck is just nothing but a coward. During the long time hunting for white whale, he has so many opportunities to stop Ahab, but under the lure of money he quits them all. This pathetic man can never escape his fate of death because of his greed. Through this Melville shows his anger to those who always want to rob from nature.。
道具隐喻的例子英文作文
道具隐喻的例子英文作文英文回答：The use of props as metaphors is a powerfulstorytelling technique that can add depth and meaning to a narrative. By assigning symbolic significance to objects, writers can create subtle layers of interpretation and evoke emotions that go beyond the literal meaning of the words.One of the most iconic examples of a prop used as a metaphor is the white whale in Herman Melville's Moby Dick. The whale becomes an embodiment of Ahab's obsession, his hubris, and his ultimate downfall. The vastness and power of the creature mirrors Ahab's own ambitious nature, while its elusive nature represents the futility of his quest for vengeance.In Shakespeare's Hamlet, the poisoned chalice is a potent metaphor for the corruption and treachery thatpermeate the court. When Hamlet is offered the drink, it becomes a symbol of his moral dilemma. Should he succumb to the poison and end his suffering, or should he resist and fight against the evil that surrounds him?Another famous example of a prop with metaphorical significance is the red balloon in Albert Lamorisse's 1956 film The Red Balloon. The balloon becomes a companion and confidante to the young protagonist, offering him joy and escapism in the face of loneliness and isolation. It also symbolizes the boundless imagination and playfulness of childhood.In contemporary literature, props continue to be usedas metaphors to explore complex themes and emotions. In Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale, the red dresses worn by the handmaids are a stark visual representation of their oppression and loss of individuality. In Hanya Yanagihara's A Little Life, the recurring motif of keys unlocks secrets and reveals the emotional burdens carried by the characters.The use of props as metaphors is a testament to thepower of storytelling to evoke deep and lasting impressions. By imbuing objects with symbolic significance, writers can create narratives that resonate with readers on both aliteral and a metaphorical level.中文回答：道具隐喻是一种强有力的叙事技巧，能够为故事增添深度和意义。
以小见大英语作文100字
以小见大英语作文100字A Glimpse into the Grand: The Art of Discerning Meaning from the Mundane.In the tapestry of life, countless threads intertwine, each representing a facet of our collective existence. Some threads are bold and vibrant, commanding our attention,while others are subtle and understated, weaving themselves into the background. Yet, within the intricate design, itis the latter that often holds the key to profound insights.The adage "a picture is worth a thousand words" encapsulates the power of observation. By paying attentionto the seemingly insignificant details, we can gainvaluable glimpses into the broader tapestry. A cracked sidewalk, for example, may speak volumes about the passageof time, the resilience of nature, and the wear and tear of urban life. A wilted flower, once vibrant with life, can evoke reflections on impermanence, beauty, and the cyclical nature of existence.In the realm of literature, authors have long employed the technique of "synecdoche" to convey grand themes through seemingly mundane objects or events. In Herman Melville's epic novel "Moby-Dick," the titular white whale serves as a powerful symbol of the elusive, the unattainable, and the indomitable spirit of nature. By focusing on this single creature, Melville invites readers to contemplate the vastness of the ocean, the limits of human knowledge, and the relentless pursuit of dreams.Similarly, in Emily Dickinson's enigmatic poem "Because I could not stop for Death," the symbolic journey taken by the speaker in a horse-drawn carriage offers a profound meditation on mortality. The carriage, a symbol of time's passage, carries the speaker towards a final destination represented by the enigmatic figure of Death. Through this seemingly simple narrative, Dickinson explores themes of life, death, and the inevitable journey that awaits us all.In the world of art, too, the ability to discern meaning from the mundane is paramount. Impressionistpainters such as Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir captured the ephemeral beauty of everyday scenes, transforming ordinary moments into works of extraordinary significance. By focusing on the play of light and color, they revealed the hidden poetry in the seemingly ordinary.The Japanese concept of "wabi-sabi" embraces the beauty of imperfection and transience. Traditional tea ceremonies, for instance, typically involve simple and rustic utensils, which are prized for their unique character and the patina that time has bestowed upon them. By valuing the flaws and imperfections inherent in all things, wabi-sabi encourages us to appreciate the beauty of the ephemeral and to find contentment in the present moment.The art of discerning meaning from the mundane is askill that can be cultivated through practice. By slowing down and paying attention to our surroundings, we can train our eyes to see the extraordinary in the ordinary. In the weathered faces of strangers, we might glimpse the stories of countless lives lived. In the rustling of leaves in the wind, we might hear echoes of ancient forests. And in thesilence between words, we might find a profound and enigmatic beauty.Ultimately, the ability to perceive the grand through the mundane is a testament to the interconnectedness of all things. By acknowledging the significance of the seemingly insignificant, we not only gain a deeper understanding of the world around us, but also cultivate a sense of awe and wonder that enriches our lives immeasurably.。
高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试题及答案
课程代码：0604请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上(全部题目用英文作答)I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question orcompletes the statement and write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.1. In Renaissance, the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to dothe following EXCEPT ______.A. getting rid of those old feudalist ideasB. getting control of the parliament and governmentC. introducing new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisieD. recovering the purity of the early church, from the corruption of the RomanCatholic Church2. The Petrarchan sonnet was first introduced into England by ______.A. SurreyB. WyattC. SidneyD. Shakespeare3. As the best of Shakespeare's final romances,______ is a typical example of hispessimistic view towards human life and society in his late years.A. The TempestB. The Winter's TaleC. CymbelineD. The Rape of Lucrece4. John Milton's greatest poetical work ______ is the only generally acknowledgedepic in English literarure since Beowulf.A.AreopagiticaB. Paradise LostC. LycidasD. Samson Agonistes5. The British bourgeois or middle class believed in the following notions EXCEPT______.A. self - esteemB. self - relianceC. self - restraintD. hard work6. “Graveyard School〞writers are the following sentimentalists EXCEPT______.A. James ThomsonB. William CollinsC. William CowperD. Thomas Jackson7. The best model of satire in the whole English literary history is Jonathan Swift's______.A. A Modest ProposalB. A Tale of a TubC. Gulliver's TravelsD. The Battle of the Books8. As a representative of the Enlightenment,______ was one of the first to introducerationalism to England.A. John BunyanB. Daniel DefoeC. Alexander PopeD. Jonathan Swift9. For his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel,______has been regarded by some as “Father of the English Novel〞.A. Daniel DefoeB. Henry FieldingC. Jonathan SwiftD. Samuel Richardson10. Which of the following descriptions of Gothic Novels is NOT correctA. It predominated in the early eighteenth century.B. It was one phase of the Romantic movement.C. Its principal elements are violence, horror and the supernatural.D. Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho and Frankenstein are typical Gothic romance.11. “Byronic hero〞is a figure of the following traits EXCEPT ______.A.being proudB. being of humble originC.being rebelliousD. being mysterious12. Robert Browning created ______ by adopting the novelistic presentation ofcharacters.A. the verse novelB. the blank verseC. the heroic coupletD. the dramatic poetry13. Charles Dickens' novel ______ is famous for its vivid descriptions of theworkhouse and life of the underworld in the nineteenth- century London.A. The Pickwick PaperB. Oliver TwistC. David CopperfieldD. Nicholas Nickleby14. Charlotte Bronte's works are all about the struggle of an individualconsciousness towards ______, about some lonely and neglected young women witha fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life.A. self - relianceB. self - realizationC. self - esteemD. self - consciousness15. The symbolic meaning of “Book〞 in Robert Browning's long poem The Ring and theBook is ______.A. the common senseB. the hard truthC. the comprehensive knowledgeD. the dead truth16. Thomas Hardy's pessimistic view of life predominated most of his later worksand earns him a reputation as a ______ writer.A. realisticB. naturalisticC. romanticD. stylistic17. After the First World War, there appeared the following literary trends ofmodernism EXCEPT ______.A. expressionismB. surrealismC. stream of consciousnessD. black humour18. The masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century are the threetrilogies of ______.A. Galsworthy's Forsyte novelsB. Hardy' s Wessex novelsC. Greene's Catholic novelsD. Woolf's stream-of-consciousness novels19. In the mid - 1950s and early 1960s, there appeared “______〞 who demonstrateda particular disillusion over the depressing situation in Britain and launcheda bitter protest. against the outmoded social and political values in theirsociety.A. The Beat GenerationB. The Lost GenerationC. The Angry Young MenD. Black Mountain Poets20.The following are English stream-of-consciousness novels EXCEPT ______.A.PilgrimageB. UlyssesC.Mrs.DallowayD. A Passage to Inida21. The leader of the Irish National Theater Movement in the early 20th centurywas ______.A. W.B.Yeats B. Lady GregoryC. J.M.SyngeD. John Galworthy22. T.S.Eliot's most popular verse play is ______.A. Murder in the CathedralB. The Cocktail PartyC. The Family ReunionD. The Waste Land23. The American writer ______ was awarded the Nobel Prize for the anti-racist In-truder in the Dust in 1950.A. Ernest HemingwayB. Gertrude SteinC. William FaulknerD.T.S. Eliot24. Hemingway's second big success is ______ , which wrote the epitaph to a decadeand to the whole generation in the 1920s, in order to tell us a story about the tragic love affair of a wounded American soldier with a British nurse.A. For Whom the Bell TollsB. A Farewell to ArmsC. The Sun Also RisesD. The Old Man and the Sea25. With the publication of ______ , Dreiser was launching himself upon a long careerthat would ultimately make him one of the most significant American writers of the school later known as literary naturalism.A. Sister CarrieB. The TitanC. The GeniusD. The Stoic26. Henry James is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th -century “stream-of-consciousness〞novels and the founder of ______.A. neoclassicismB. psychological realismC. psychoanalytical criticismD. surrealism27. In 1849, Herman Melville published ______ ,a semi-autobiographical novel, con-cerning the sufferings of a genteel youth among brutal sailors.A. OmooB. MardiC. RedburnD. Typee28. As a sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,______ marks the climax of Mark Twain'sliterary activity.A. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. Life on the MississippiC. The Gilded AgeD. Roughing It29. Realism was a reaction against ______ or a move away from the bias towards romanceand self- creating fictions, and paved the way to Modernism.A. RomanticismB. RationalismC. Post-modernismD. Cynicism30. When World War II broke out,______ began working for the Italian government,engaged in some radio broadcasts of anti- Semitism and pro- Fascism.A. Ezra PoundB.T.S. EliotC. Henry JamesD. Robert Frost31. In 1915 ______ became a naturalized British citizen, largely in protest againstAmerica's failure to join England in the First World War.C. W.D.Howells D. Ezra Pound32. What Whitman prefers for his new subject and new poetic feelings is “______ ,〞 that is, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.A. blank verseB. free rhythmC. balanced structureD. free verse33. The American woman poet ______ wanted to live simply as a complete independentbeing, and so she did, as a spinster.A. Emily ShawB. Anna DickinsonC. Emily DickinsonD. Anne Bret34. The Birthmark drives home symbolically ______ point that evil is a man's birthmark,something he was born with.A. Whitman'sB. Melville'sC. Hawthorne'sD. Emerson's35. The Financier ,The Titan and The Stoic written by ______ are called his “Trilogyof Desire〞.A. Henry JamesB. Theodore DreiserC. Mark TwainD. Herman Melville36. Disregarding grammar and punctuation,______ always used “i〞 instead of “I〞in his poems to show his protest against self-importance.A. Wallace StevensB. Ezra Pound37. Though Robert Frost is generally considered a regional poet whose subject mattersmainly focus on the landscape and people in ______ , he wrote many poems that investigate the basic themes of man's life in his long poetic career.A. the westB. the southC. New EnglandD. Alaska38. Most critics have agreed that Fitzgerald is both an insider and an outsider of______ with a double vision.A. the Gilded AgeB. the Rational AgeC. the Jazz AgeD. the Magic Age39. In the American Romantic writings,______ came to function almost as a dramaticcharacter that symbolized moral law.A. fireB. waterC. treesD. wilderness40. The desire for an escape from society and a return to ______ became a permanentconvention of the American literature.A. the family lifeB. natureC. the ancient timeD. fantasy of loveII. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41. Wherefore feed and clothe and saveFrom the cradle to the graveThose ungrateful drones who wouldDrain your sweat- nay, drink your bloodQuestions:A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which the stanza is taken.B. What figure of speech is used in Line 2C. Whom does “drones〞 refer to42. The following quotation is from one of the poems by T. S. Eliot:No! I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be;Am an attendant lord, one that will doTo swell a progress, start a scene or twoAdvise the prince; no doubt, an easy tool,Deferential, glad to be of use,Politic, cautious, and meticulous,Full of high sentence, but a bit obtuse;Questions:A. Identify the title of the poem from which the quoted part is taken.B. Who's the speaker of the quoted linesC. What does the first line show about the speaker43．There was a child went forth every day,And the first object he look'd upon, that object he became,And that object became part of him for the day or a certain part of the day, Or for many years or stretching cycles of years.Questions:A. Identify the poet.B.From which poem and which collection of the poet are these lines takenC.What does the poet describe in the poem44. I heard a Fly buzz- when I died-The Stillness in the RoomWas like the Stillness in the Air-Between the Heaves of Storm-The Eyes around- had wrung them dry-And Breaths were gathering firmFor that last Onset- when the KingBe witnessed - in the Room-Questions:A. Identify the poet.B. What does “the King〞 refer toC. What moment is the poem trying to describeIII. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45. List at least two leading neoclassicists in England. What did Neoclassicistscelebrate in literary creation46. Jane Eyre is one of the most popular and important novels of the Victorian Age.Why is Jane Eyre such a successful novel47. Who are the three dominant figures of the American Age of Realism and what arethe differences in their understanding of the “truth〞48. What's Dreiser' s naturalistic belief Please discuss the question with Carrie,a character in Sister Carrie as an example.IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in thecorresponding space on the answer sheet.49. Briefly discuss William Shakespeare's artistic achievements in characterization,plot construction and language.50. Briefly discuss Mark Twain's art of fiction in terms of the setting,the language,and the characters, etc.,based on his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.全国高等教育自学考试英美文学选读真题答案及评分参考〔课程代码0604〕I. Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)1. B2. B3. A4. B5.A6.D7.A8.C9.B 10.A 11.B 12.A13.B 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.D 18.A 19.C 20.D 21.A 22.A 23.C24.B 25.A 26.C 27.C 28.A 29.A 30.A 31.A 32.D 33.C 34.C35.B 36.D 37.C 38.C 39.D 40.BII. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)41. A. From Percy Shelley’s “Men of England〞(1)B. Metonymy (1)C. Here “drones〞refers to the parasitic class in human society. (2)42. A. “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock〞(1)B. J. Alfred Prufrock (1)C. Prufrock is conscious of the fact that he is like Hamlet in some respects. But he is sensibleenough that he cannot be compared with Hamlete. (2)43. A. Walt Whitman (1)B. “There Was a Child Went Forth〞from “Leaves of Grass〞(1)C. The poem describes the growth of a child who learned about the world around him andimproved himself accordingly. In the poem, Whitman’s own early ex perience may well be identified with the childhood of a young, growing American. (2)44. A. Emily Dickinson (1)B. The God of Death. (1)C. The poem is trying to describe the moment of death. (2)III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)45. A. Alexander Pope, John Dryden, Samuel Johnson (任选2位作家). (2)B. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion andaccuracy and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. (2) They seek proportion, unity, harmony and grace in literacy expression, in an effort to delight,instruct and correct human beings. Thus a polite, elegant, witty and intellectual artdeveloped. (2)46. A. It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society. (2)B. It is an intense moral fable. (2)C. The success of the novel is also due to its introduction to the English novel the firstgoverness heroine. (2)47. A. William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, Henry James. (3)B. Mark Twain and Howells seemed to have paid more attention to the “life〞of theAmericans. Howells focused his discussion on the rising middle class and the way theylived; Mark Twain preferred to have his own region and people at the forefront of his stories;Henry James had apparently laid a greater emphasis on the “inner world〞of man. (3)48. A. Dreiser believes that while men are controlled and conditioned by heredity, instinct andchance, a few extraordinary and unsophisticated human beings refuse to accept their fatewordlessly and instead strive, unsuccessfully, to find meaning and purpose for theirexistence. (3)B. Carrie, as one of such, senses that she is merely a cipher in an uncaring world yet seeks tograsp the mysteries of life and thereby satisfies her desires for social status and materialcomfort, but in spite of her success, she is lonely and dissatisfied. (3)以上各题言语错误酌情扣分。
美国文学 moby dick
The Symbolic Meaning of Moby Dick in Moby DickMoby Dick, which is regarded as the Great American novel and the first American prose epic, is written by Herman Melville. It is a tremendously ambitious novel that functions at once as documentary of life at sea and also a vast philosophical allegory of life in general. The novel, first published in 1851, tells the story of the one-legged Captain Ahab, a deranged whaling skipper, and his obsessive voyage to find the great white whale that causes him to be crippled. However, Herman Melville uses symbols instead of putting the battle between Ahab and the big whale into simple statements. Referring to symbols, the symbolic meaning of Moby Dick is more typical, because Moby Dick possesses various symbolic meaning for various individuals, as shown by the symbol of evil, the symbol of human being to the Pequod’s crew including Ahab, and the symbol of omnipotent God to some whale men except for Pequod’s crew and Ahab.To the Pequod’s crew, the legendary white whale is a concept onto which they can displace their anxieties about their dangerous and often very frightening jobs. They believe deeply that the legendary white whale act malevolently towards men, so Moby Dick is the incarnation of evil. To Ahab, “all evil [are] visibly personified, and [make] practically assailable in Moby Dick” (Melville, 153). In chase of Moby Dick, he loses one of his legs, so he hates Moby Dick very much. He wants to take revenge. He dedicates his ship and crew to destroying Moby Dick, because they see Moby Dick as the living embodiment of all that is evil and malignant in the universe. By ignoring the physical dangerous that this quest entails, setting himself against other men, and presuming to understand and fight evil on a cosmic scale, Ahab arrogantly defies the limitations imposed upon human being. Also, just the evil of Moby Dick makes the crew including Ahab get close to death.To readers, in terms of the suffering of the crew including Ahab, Moby Dick is the incarnation of evil to some extent. Although Ahab becomes almost crazy, he is therepresentation of the people who are determined to fight against evil. In an ultimate demonstration of defiance, Ahab uses his “last breath” (468) to curse the whale and fate. Although the strength of Ahab and his crew is negligible and in some ways their action is a little blind, their spirit of fighting against the evil and perseverance is worthy of learning today. Nowadays, life is becoming more and more comfortable, and the will-power of people becomes weaker and weaker. In some ways, ignoring Ahab’s craziness and blindness, his braveness and perseverance really set a good example for today’s people.Referring to Ahab’s positive spirit s, have you realized that in some ways Moby Dick is about the conflicts between two kinds of people? Of course, it is reasonable. Ishmael, the narrator, compares the legend of Moby Dick to his experience of the whale. He notes that sperm whale attacks have increased recently and that superstitious sailors have come to regard these attacks as an intelligent action. Pequod’s crew regard Moby Dick as human being, because Moby Dick, who has defied capture numerous times, seems to exhibit an “intelligent malignity” (154) in his attacks on men. In Pequod’s opinion, Moby Dick is as intelligent as human being. During struggling with Moby Dick, Ahab realizes, “aye, he’s chasing me now; no I, him - that’s bad” (Melville 461). Ahab regards Moby Dick as human being and they engage in a battle of wits.In my opinion, the battle of w its between them is the epitome of today’s society, in which all people fight for their own benefits. From their battle, readers can conclude that there is no real winner in their competition. Does it tell readers that they need to get along well with each other? Does it tell readers that they need to build a harmonious world in a concerted effort? People really need to consider about these questions carefully.Referring to regarding Moby Dick as a human being, have you realized that Moby Dick has some kind of super power? To some whale men not including Pequod’s crew and Ahab, “Moby Dick” is “not only ubiqu itous, but immortal (forimmortality is but ubiquity in time)” (151). In particular, wild rumors about Moby Dick circulate among whale men, suggesting that it can be in more than one place at the same time and that it is immortal. That is to say, Moby Dick is the image of God to them. The people, who believe in God, believe that God is omnipotent. In some ways, some whale men regard Moby Dick as omnipotent and powerful God, who is “all-destroying but unconquering” (Melville 462). However, in Pequod’s crew’s and Ahab’s views, they don’t think so. To them, Moby Dick is the representation of evil. Ahab, as a fatalist to the last, believes the arrangement of fate, but the fate plays a serious joke on him.Ahab’s sufferings are pitiful, however, his temerity and craziness also give a lesson to people today – you can believe in fate, but please act according to your own capability in case that you are the next person on whom God play a serious joke. No matter you believe the existence of God or not, and no matter what kind of image of Moby Dick in your point of view, please be yourself, because when you are lost, only you can really save yourself. In our daily life, there is always that kind of person, who has a great dream, but life always gives him or her a lesson and then becomes his or her teacher in the end.Moby Dick is a whaling tale or sea adventure, dealing with Ahab, a man with an overwhelming obsession to kill the whale which has crippled him. The novel is also turned out to be a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe, and a spiritual exploration into man’s deep reality and psychological. Above all, the symbolic meaning of Moby Dick is the most typical. It symbolizes evil, human being themselves, and the omnipotent God. From the symbolic meaning of Moby Dick, readers also learn a lot. For example, although you are brave enough, and you also believe in fate, you must still act according to your capability. That may the force be with me is just a good hope. I hope you will not be the next person, on whom God plays a serious joke. All in all, Moby Dick is a good novel which will prove worthy of your attention.References:Melville, Herman. Moby Dick. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions Limited Cumberland House, 1993.。
英美文学作品选读试题4
英美文学作品选读试题 4I. Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 2 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the letter in the blanks.1. Romance, which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A. ChristianB. knightlyC. GreekD. primitive2. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A. Piers PlowmanB. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. Confessio AmantisD. The Canterbury Tales3. Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaissance Movement?A. The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture.B. The new discoveries in geography and astrology.C. The Glorious revolution.D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion.4. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18?A. The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B. The speaker satirizes human vanity.C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D. The speaker meditates on man's salvation.5. “And we will sit upon the rocks, /Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks, /Byshallow rivers to whose falls /Melodious birds sing madrigals.” The above lines are probably taken from __.A. Spenser's The Faerie QueeneB. John Donne's “The Sun Rising”C. Shak espeare's “Sonnet 18”D. Marlowe's “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”6. “Bassanio: Antonio ,I am married to a wifeWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, My wife, and all the world.Are not with me esteem' d above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all,Here to the devil, to deliver you.Portia: Your wife would give you little thanks for that,If she were by to hear you make the offer.”The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice. The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrate ____.A. dramatic ironyB. personificationC. allegoryD. symbolism7. The true subject of John Donne's poem, “The Sun Rising,” is to ___.A. attack the sun as an unruly servantB. give compliments to the mistress and her power of beautyC. criticize the sun's intrusion into the lover's private lifeD. lecture the sun on where true royalty and riches lie8. Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “___ in prose,”the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A. tragic epicB. comic epicC. romanceD. lyric epic9. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver's Travels are ___.A. horses that are endowed with reasonB. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC. giants that are superior in wisdomD. hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways.10. Here are four lines from a literary work: “Others for language all their care express,/And value books, as women men, for dress.” The work is ___.A. Thomas Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”B. John Milton's Paradise LostC. Alexander Pope's Essay on CriticismD. Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream11. The phrase “to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and to seek salvationthrough constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils” may well sum up the implied meaning of ___.A. Gulliver's TravelsB. The Rape of the LockC. Robinson CrusoeD. The pilgrim's Progress12. William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT ___.A. the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC. the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD. the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech13. Which of the following is taken from John Keats’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn”?A. “I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!”B. “They are both gone up to the church to pary.”C. “Earth has not anything to show more fair.”D. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty”.14. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic line by __.A. J. KeatsB. W. BlakeC. W. WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley15. “Ode o na Grecian Urn”show s the contrast between the ___ of art and the ___ ofhuman passion.A. glory …uglinessB.permanence…transienceC. transience…sordidnessD. glory…permanence16.In the statement“—oh, God! would you like to live with your soul in the grave?”the term“soul” apparently refers to ___.A. Heathcliff himselfB. CatherineC. one's spiritual lifeD. one's ghost17.The typical feature of Robet Browning' s poetry is the ___.A.bitter satirerger-than-life caricaturetinized dictionD.dramatic monologue18.The Victorian Age was largely an age of ____,eminently represented by Dickensand Thackeray.A.poetryB.dramaC.proseD.epic prose19. ___is the first important governess novel in the English literary history.A. Jane EyreB. EmmaC. Wuthering HeightsD. Middlemarch20. The major concern of ______ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychologicaldevelopment of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A. D. H. Lawrence'sB. J. Galsworthy'sC. W. Thackeray’sD. T. Hardy’sII. Reading Comprehension (20 points, 5 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.1. “Her eyes met his and he looked away. He neither believed nor disbelieved her, buthe knew that he had made a mistake in asking; he never had known, never would know, what she was thinking. The sight of her inscrutable face, the thought of all the hundreds of evenings he had seen her sitting there like that, soft and passive, but so unreadable, unknown, enraged him beyond measure.”Questions:A. Identify the writer and the work.B. What does the phrase “inscrutable face” mean?C. What idea does the quoted passage express?2. “ And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin,When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall.Then how should beginTo spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways.”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What does the phrase “butt-ends” mean?C. What idea does the quoted passage express?3. “God knows, I'm not myself—I'm somebody else—…and I’m changed, and I can'ttell what's my name, or who I am.”Questions:A. Identify the work and the author.B. The speaker says he is changed. Do you think he is changed, or the socialenvironment has changed?C. What idea does the quoted sentence express?4. “I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What does the phrase “ages and ages hence” mean?C. What idea does the quoted passage express?III. Questions and Answers (20 points in all, 5 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English.1. As a rule, an allegory is story in verse or prose with a double meaning: a surfacemeaning, and an implied meaning. List two works as examples of allegory. What is an allegory usually concerned with by its implied meaning?2. Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers ofthought. Who are the two? And what ideas they expressed inspire the romantic writers?3. The white whale, Moby Dick, is the most important symbol in Melville's novel.What symbolic meaning can you draw from it?4. Nature is a philosophic work, in which Emerson gives an explicit discussion on hisidea of the oversoul. What is your understanding of Emersonian “Oversoul”?IV. Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 50 words on each of the following topics in English.1. How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism? Provide brief evidence fromthe literary works you know best.2. Summarize the story of Mark twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in about 50 words, and comment on the theme of the novel.参考答案：I. Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 2 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the letter in the blanks.1. B2. D3. C4. C5. D6. A7. B8. B9. A 10. C11. D 12. D 13. D 14. D 15. B16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. AII. Reading Comprehension (20 points, 5 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.1. A. John Galasworthy:The Man of Property.B. A face does not show any emotion or reaction so that it is impossible to know how that person is feeling or what he is thinking about.C. It presents the inner mind of Soames in face of his wife's coldness. He can never know what is on his wife's mind because the makeup of his and her mentality is different. His wife Irene, whose mind is romantically inclined, is disgusted with her husband's possessiveness. Being unable to read his wife's mind is as good as saying that he really can't regard her as his property- this is the very reason why he is enraged beyond measure.2. A. T. S. Eliot: “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufro ck.”B. The ends of cigarettes, meaning trivial things here.C. Here, Prufrock's inability to do anything against the society he is in is made strikingly clear by using a sharp comparison .Prufrock imagines himself as a kind of insect pinned on the wall and struggling in vain to get free.This image vividly shows Prufrock's current predicament.3. A. Washington Irving: “Rip Van Winkle”.B. The social environment is changed.C. When Rip is back home after a period of 20 years, he finds that everything has changed. All those old values are gone, and he can hardly feel at home in a changedsociety. One of the functions that Rip serves in the story is to provide a measuring stick for change. It is through him that Irving drives home the theme that a desire for change, improvement, and progress could subvert stable society.4. A. Robert Frost: “The Road Not Taken”.B. Many many years later.C. The speaker is telling his experience of making the choice of the roads. But he is conscious of the fact that his choice will have made all the difference in his life. He seems to be giving a suggestion to the reader. “Make good choice of your life.”III. Questions and Answers (20 points in all, 5 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English.1. It is usually concerned with moral, religious, political, symbolic or mythical ideas. Buyan's Pilgrim's Progress and Spenser's The Faerie Queene are examples.2. It is Rousseau who established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit; his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.”Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit. The French philosopher, Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johna Wolfgan von Goethe.3. To Ahab, the whale is either an evil creature itself or the agent of an evil force that controls the universe, or perhaps both.To Ishmale, the whale is an astonishing force, an immense power, which defies rational explanation due to a sense of mystery it carries. It is beautiful, but malignant at the same time. It also represents the tremendous organic vitality of the universe, for it has a life force that surges onward irresistibly, impervious to the desires or wills of men.As to the reader, the whale can be viewed as a symbol of the physical limits that life imposes upon man. It may also be regarded as a symbol of nature, or an instrument of God's vengeance upon evil man. In general, the multiplicity and ambivalence of the symbolic meaning of the whale is such that it becomes a source of intense speculation, an object or profound curiosity for the reader.4. A. The Oversoul is believed to be an all-pervading power for goodness, omnipresent and omnipotent from which all things come and of which all are a part. Itexists in nature and man alike and constitutes the chief element of the universe.B. According to Emerson,it is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings, and a religion regarded as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal Over-soul of which it is a part.C. He holds that intuition is a more certain way of knowing than reason and that the mind could intuitively perceive the existence of the Oversoul and of certain absolutes. IV. Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 50 words on each of the following topics in English.1. How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism? Provide brief evidence fromthe literary works you know best.Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emoticon and accuracy, and that literature, should be judged in terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expressions should be of proportion, unity, harmony and grace. Pope's An Essay on Criticism advocates grace, wit (usually though satire/ humour), and simplicity in language(and the poem itself is a demonstration of those ideals, too);Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,”and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were (Wor dsworth's “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,” or “The Solitary Reaper,)2. Summarize the story of Mark twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in about50 words, and comment on the theme of the novel.Along the river, floats a small raft, with two people on it; One is an ignorant, uneducated black slave named Jim and the other is little uneducated outcast white boy about the age of thirteen, called Huckleberry Finn or Huck Finn.The novel relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and how Huck Finn, floating along with Jim and helping him as best he could, changes his mind, his prejudice, about Black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friends as well.During their journey, they experience a series of adventures: coming across twofrauds, the “Duke” and the “King”, witnessing the lynching and murder of a harmless drunkard, being lost in a fog and finally Tom's coming to rescue.The theme of the novel may be best summed in a word “freedom”: Huck wants to escape from the bond of civilization and Jim wants to escape from the yoke of slavery. Mark Twain uses the raft's journey down the Mississippi River to express his thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization.。
二十世纪英美文学流派名词解释
1、stream of consciousnessThe continuous flow of sense, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and memories in the human mind; or a literary method of representing such a blending of mental processes in fictional characters, usually in an unpunctuated or disjointed form of interior monologue.The term is often used as a synonym for interior monologue, but they can also be distinguished, in two ways. In the first (psychological) sense, the stream of consciousness is the subject-matter while interior monologue is the technique for presenting it;2、The Theatre of the AbsurdA term coined by the critic Martin Esslin in 1961 to refer to a number of dramatists of the 1950s. The theatre of the absurd came about as a reaction to World War II. It took the basis of existential philosophy and combined it with dramatic elements to create a style of theatre which presented a world which can not be logically explained, and in which life is in one word, ABSURD!3、ExistentialismA current in European philosophy distinguished by its emphasis on lived human existence. Although it had an important precursor先驱on the Danish theologian神学者Kierkegaard in the 1840s, its impact was fully felt only in the mid-20th century in France and Germany: the German philosophers Martin Heidegger and Karl Jaspers prepared some of the ground in the 1920s and 1930s for the more influential work of Jean-Paul Sartre and the other French existentialists including Simone de Beauvoir, Albert Camus, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty.4、The Lost Generation(Also termed the Sad Young Men, which was created by F. Scott Fitzgerald in his book All the Sad Young Men.) In general, the term refers to the post-World War I generation, but specifically a group of U. S. writers who came of age成年,够岁数了during the war and established their literary reputations in the 1920s. It seems from a remark made by Gertrude Stein to Ernest Hemingway, “You are all a lost generation.” Hemingway used it as an epigraph题词to The Sun Also Rises (1926), a novel that captures the attitudes of a hard-drinking, fast-living set of disillusioned young expatriates放弃本国国籍的人in postwar Paris.The generation was “lost” in the sense that its spiritual alienation from a U. S. that, basking under President Harding’s “back to normalcy常态” policy, seem ed to its members to be hopelessly provincial, materialistic, and emotionally barren. The term embraces Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, John Dos Passos, E. E. Cummings, and many other writers who made Paris the center of their literary activities in the 1920s. They were never a literary school. In the 1930s, as these writers turned in different directions, their works lost the distinctive stamp of the postwar period.5、Parodypiece of) writing intended to amuse by imitating the style of writing used by somebody else. Literary or musical composition imitating the characteristic style of some other work or of a writer or composer, but treating a serious subject in a nonsensical manner, as in ridicule6、SymbolismThe term refers to the use of symbols, or to a set of related symbols; however, it is also the name given to an important movement on late 19th century and early 20th century poetry. One of the important features of Romanticism and succeeding phases of Western literature was a much more pronounced reliance upon enigmatic难以理解的, 神秘的symbolism in both poetry and prose fiction, sometimes involving obscure private codes of meaning, as in the poetry of Blake or Yeats.A well-known early example of this is the albatross信天翁in Ancient Mariner”(1798). Manynovelists-notably Herman Melville and D. H. Lawrence-have used symbolic methods: in Melville’s Moby-Dick(1815) the White Whale (and indeed almost every object and character in the book) becomes a focus for many different suggested meanings. Melville’s extravagant symbolism was encouraged partly by the importance which American Transcendentalism gave to symbolic interpretation of the world.William Butler Yeats often uses symbols like the winding stairs, swan, gyre, etc. in his poems.7、Oedipus Complex 心理学用来比喻有恋母情结的人，有跟父亲作对以竞争母亲的倾向，同时又因为道德伦理的压力，而有自我毁灭以解除痛苦的倾向A Freudian term to design to attraction on the part of the child toward the parent of the opposite sex and rivalry敌对, 竞争, 对抗and hostility toward the parent of its own. Freud introduced the concept in his Interpretation of Dreams (1899). The term derives from the Theban hero Oedipus of Greek legend, who unknowingly slew his father and married his mother; its female analogue, the Electra complex, is named for another mythological figure, who helped slay her mother.8、Hemingway HeroHemingway Hero, also called code hero, is one who, wounded but strong, more sensitive, enjoys the pleasures of life(sex, alcohol, sport) in the face of ruin and death, and maintains, through some notion of a code, an ideal of himself.9、American dreamAmerican dream refers to the dream of material success, which assume that one best serves God and man by acquiring wealth. In The Great Gatsby, Gatsby comes from the west to the east with the dream of material success. By bootlegging and other illegal means he fulfilled his dream but ended up being killed.10、ImagismThe doctrine and poetic practice of a small but influential group of American and British poets calling themselves imagists or imagistes between 1912 and 1917.Imagism came into being as a reaction to the traditional English poetry to express the sense of fragmentation and dislocation混乱, 紊乱.The Imagists hold that the most effective means to express these momentary impressions is through the use of one dominant image. The image is a representation of a physical object, and the reader is made to react to it.Imagism is characterized by the following three poetic principles:i) to use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation;ii) as regards rhythm, to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in the sequence of metronome节拍器节拍器.11、Black HumorIn contemporary literary criticism, black humor is a term applied to a large group of American novels beginning in the 1950s. Although the writers of black humor did not intentionally form a school of literary movement, there is in their novels a common core of satire which is directed against hypocrisy, materialism, racial prejudice, and above all, the dehumanization of the individual by a modern society12/FeminismFeminism refers to political, cultural ,and economic movements seeking greater, equal ,or among a minority ,superior rights and participation in society for women and girls. These rights and means of participation include legal protection and inclusion in politics ,business and scholarship andrecognition and building of women’s cultures and power. Its concepts overlap with those of women’s rights.13/Anti-heroAn anti-hero/heroine appears more frequently in modern and contemporary literature. This type of characters lacks the qualities of nobility and magnanimity宽宏大量. The image of Don Quixote in Cervantes’s Don Quixote (1605) may give the readers a clear view.14/multi-narrator。
象征物类的素材作文思路
象征物类的素材作文思路英文回答：Symbolic Objects: Exploring the Depths of Meaning.Symbolic objects have always fascinated me. They hold a special power to convey deep emotions, cultural values, and historical significance. In this essay, I will explore the concept of symbolic objects and discuss their importance in various cultures and societies.To begin with, let's delve into the realm of religious symbolism. One of the most well-known symbolic objects is the cross, which represents Christianity. The cross is a powerful symbol of sacrifice, redemption, and eternal life. It serves as a reminder of Jesus Christ's crucifixion and resurrection. Additionally, the crescent moon and star symbolize Islam, representing faith, unity, and enlightenment. These symbols are not just decorative; they hold immense spiritual and emotional meaning for believers.Moving beyond religious symbols, let's considernational symbols. The American flag, for instance, is a powerful emblem of patriotism and unity. Its stars represent the 50 states, while the stripes symbolize the original 13 colonies. The flag evokes a sense of pride, loyalty, and freedom among Americans. Similarly, the Great Wall of China is a symbolic object that represents the country's rich history, culture, and resilience. It stands as a testament to China's ancient civilization and its ability to withstand external threats.Moreover, symbolic objects can also be personal and sentimental. For example, a wedding ring is a powerful symbol of love, commitment, and eternal partnership. It represents the bond between two individuals and the promises they make to each other. Similarly, a family heirloom, such as a necklace or a pocket watch, can hold great sentimental value. It carries the memories andstories of previous generations, connecting us to our roots and heritage.Symbolic objects can also be found in art and literature. The Mona Lisa, painted by Leonardo da Vinci, is a symbol of beauty, mystery, and enigma. It has captivated audiences for centuries, leaving them in awe of its timeless allure. In literature, the white whale in Herman Melville's "Moby-Dick" symbolizes the destructive power of obsession. It represents the unattainable and the consequences of relentless pursuit.In conclusion, symbolic objects play a significant role in our lives and society. They communicate complex ideas, emotions, and beliefs in a visual and tangible way. Whether they are religious, national, personal, or artistic, these objects hold immense power and meaning. They connect us to our past, shape our present, and inspire our future.中文回答：象征物，探索深层含义。