Chapter1_summary

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summary特点总结

summary特点总结

The Characteristic of summary1. DefinitionBy summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words,of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book.2.key points of a summary:A summary should be brief, complete, accurate, coherent and objective.Brief: omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information.Length: 1/4---1/3 of the original textComplete: to include all the main and supporting points delivered in your own words. Accurate: to give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does. Coherent: rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases,a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow.●first, in the first part, in the introductory part●second, next, in the second part●then, afterwards, after that, in addition to that, also, furthermore●finally,at last, in the end, as a conclusion, on the whole, in a word, to sum up, lastbut not least,●as a result, soObjective: Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.3. Steps to writea summary1)skim the text to find out the general theme2)analyze the text's structure to divideit into several sections, find out the main idea of each sectionandwriteit out briefly with your own words. (one sentence)3)write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details.4)organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.5)proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.At the beginning of a summary, we usuallyelicit引出the author's name and the name of the chapter/ article.摘要(或文摘),也就是英文的Abstract顾名思义,是一篇文章摘出来的要点。

怎样写章节的梗概范文

怎样写章节的梗概范文

怎样写章节的梗概范文When writing a chapter summary, the key is to capture the essence of the chapter while maintaining its flow and coherence. Here's an example of how you can approach this task:英文部分:A chapter summary should begin with a brief introduction to the main topic or theme of the chapter. This sets the tone and provides the reader with a clear understanding of what the chapter is about. For instance, if the chapter discusses the rise of the Internet and its impact on society, the summary might start with a sentence like, "This chapter explores the emergence of the Internet and its profound influence on various aspects of contemporary life."接下来,概述应该概括章节中的关键论点、事件或人物。

这可以通过简洁地概述每个段落或小节的主要内容来实现。

例如,可以写:“The chapter delves into the early days of the Internet, highlighting key individuals and innovations that shaped its development. It then examines the ways the Internet has revolutionized communication, business, and entertainment.”最后,章节概述应该总结章节的主要观点,并可能提出对未来的展望或进一步讨论的问题。

Summary

Summary
Mechanical
Freeze-thaw Homogenization Ultrasonication Mechanical grinding Shearing
Chapter 2 Cell disruption
Cell Disintegration/Disruption/Breakage Mechanical methods Liquid shear Ultrasound Mechanical Agitation Micle blending Sononmec Pressure Solid shear Grinding Pressure Desiccation Drying Physical Non-mechanical methods Lysis Chemical Enzymatic
2. Flocculation
Chapter 3 Flocculation and Sedimentation
(1) Motion Equation of Free settling
10 - 20nm
>20nm
Chapter 2 Cell disruption
Osmotic shock Using detergents Using organic solvent Alkali treatment Enzymatic digestion
Nonmechanical
2. Cell disruption techniques
Chapter 3 Flocculation and Sedimentation
Essence (1) Electric Double Layer Debye Radius (2) Van der Waals force Electric potential (3) Critical flocculation concentration (4) Polymeric Flocculants Precipitation (salting out) Flocculation (aggregation of partilcles) Electrophoresis (electrophoretic mobility) Colloid stability (particles remain in suspension) Phase partitioning (charge dependence)

第1节 国际资本流动概述

第1节 国际资本流动概述

1. Foreign Direct Investment
Capital transactions made by companies from one country (“the home country”)to country” another country (“the host country”). country” The transactions entail the purchase of production recourse (such as buildings,machinery or buildings, land) land).
“在一九九七年经济危机之前,泰国 国内对本国的经济发展可以说是沾沾自喜。 资产尤其是股票和房地产价格受到几乎所 有分析师的过度乐观预测而持续上扬。金 融机构包括银行和金融公司以其不顾风险 的超常规放贷在这场狂热中扮演了重要角 色。
“作为监管机构的泰国银行(央行)对 作为监管机构的泰国银行(央行) 经济体系面临的风险也同样浑然不觉 。一 九九七年七月,央行不得不对泰铢实行浮 动汇率,短短数日即造成泰铢币值剧贬, 这意味着泰国的公司企业和金融机构将资 不抵债(外币债务) 不抵债(外币债务),其中许多已经实质破产。
然而,1997年 然而,1997年2月,国际投资机构向泰国银行 借入高达150亿美元的数月远期泰铢合约,而后在 借入高达150亿美元的数月远期泰铢合约,而后在 即 期市场上大规模地抛售,引起泰铢汇率大幅度波 动。泰国央行为保卫泰铢地位,仅在一个月内就动 用了20亿 用了20亿 美元的外汇储备,才初步平息。 3月4日,泰国央行要求9家有问题的财务公司 日,泰国央行要求9 增加资本金和银行等金融机构提高坏帐准备金比 率。旨在加强金融的稳定性和增强公众的信心,但 事与愿违,出现了大量的挤兑,导致汇市和股市大 幅度下跌。经央行奋力干预,市场暂时稳定。

英语写作基础教程(第三版)Chapter 1

英语写作基础教程(第三版)Chapter 1
Manuscript Form and Punctuation (文稿格式和标点符号)
一、Manuscript Form

1. Arrangement 2. Word division 3. Capitalization 4. Handwriting
一、Manuscript Form
Answers to task 1
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.
Where I Lived, and What I Lived For Are Transgenic Crops Safe? Well-Known Dramatists of the Ming Dynasty A Day to Remember Approaches to Teaching English as a Foreign Language Criticisms on the Ending of Mark Twain‟s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
二、 Punctuation
1. The Comma (,)
(1). A comma is used to join clauses. It is put before the conjunction (and, but, or, for, so, nor, yet ) (2). A comma is used after an adverbial clause or phrase. (3). Commas are used to separate a series of words or phrases with the same function in the sentence.


一、Manuscriptnt (title)

医学英语-summary_(重点看)

医学英语-summary_(重点看)

Summary on Medical English1. word-building:Prefixes: medical term firstA-CD-KMedical terms firstP-ZThese suffixes show the word is a small version of a thing.numbers:ONE: un or uni/ mono/ soloTWO: bi/ di/ du or duo/ do or dou THREE: triFOUR: qua or quad or quadr/ tetra or tetr FIVE: quin or quint/ pent or penta SIX: sex/ hex or hexa SEVEN: sept/ heptEIGHT: oct/ octa or octo NINE: non/ novTEN: dec or deca or deci ONE HUNDRED: centONE THOUSAND: mille or milli MANY: multi or polycolors:Grey: glauc(o), Red: erythr(o), Black: melan(o), White: leuc(o), leuk(o), Blue: cyan(o), Yellow: cirrh(o), Green: chlor(o)THE LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODYI. INTRODUCTIONchemical (atomic to molecular), cellular, tissue, organ, organ system and, organismII. CHEMICAL LEVELatoms, molecules, elements or substances, compounds, mixtures, solutions, colloids and suspensions, homogeneous or heterogeneous, inorganic molecules, organic molecules, BiomoleculesIII. THE CELL – Structure and ProcessesA. The Structure of a Typical Cell1. Cell membrane or plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles (Mitochondrion, Ribosomes, Rough and Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, Lysosomes), Nucleus (Nuclear membrane/envelope, Chromosomes (DNA), Nucleolus, Nucleoplasm)2. columnar, cuboidal, squamous (irregularly shaped), polygonal, and fusiform (with tapered or tipped ends) cellB. CELLULAR PROCESSESadenosine triphosphate (ATP), Passive cellular processes (diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion), Active processes (Endocytosis-Phagocytosis Pinocytosis, Exocytosis, Active transport systems)C. THE CELL CYCLEcell cycle, Cell division, Karyokinesis, Meiosis, Mitosis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, Cytokinesis, differentiation (maturation)IV. THE TISSUE LEVELHistologyEpithelial tissues (epithelium)Connective tissues: Dense and loose connective tissue, Bone (osteo-), Cartilage (chondro-), Blood (hemato/hemo), Fat (lipo-)Muscle tissues: Skeletal muscle, Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscleNervous tissues: Neurons, Neuroglial cells (Neuroglia, glial cells)V. THE ORGAN, ORGAN SYSTEM AND ORGANISM LEVELS1. organs (organo-), Organology2. organ system: Circulatory system, Respiratory system, Digestive system, Skeletal system, Muscular system, Endocrine system, Nervous system, Reproductive system, Integumentary system, Hematological system, Lymphatic system, Urinary system3. organism or individual.VI. TERMS USED IN STUDYING THE HUMAN BODY1. anatomical position: standing, arms on the side, feet together, and the head and palms facing forward.2. body planes or sections. Transverse or cross-sectional plane, Sagittal plane, Coronal plane3. directional terms.64. different regions and spacesDorsal cavity: Cranial cavity- brain, Spinal cavity- spinal cord;Ventral cavity: Thoracic cavity-lungs, heart, Abdominopelvic cavity (Abdominal cavity- intestines, liver, Pelvic cavity- reproductive organs, urinary bladder)VI. DISCIPLINES INVOLVED IN THE STUDY OF THE HUMAN BODYAnatomy, Cytology, Histology, Organology, Physiology, Biochemistry, Embryology,Genetics, PathologySome clinical sciences and practitionersMedicine (Internist), Surgery (Surgeon), Pediatrics (Pediatrician), Geriatrics(Geriatrician), Obstetrics (Obstetrician), Gynecology (Gynecologist), Psychiatry (Psychiatrist), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (pharmacologist)7Pathological and clinical termsPrimarySecondaryMetabolicNeoplasticMalignantBenignGeneticHereditaryCongenitalFunctionalSymptomSignSyndromePathologyAcuteChronicInflammation/ Inflammatory AutoimmuneInfection/infectious BacteriaVirus Fungi Parasite Allergy Allergen Swelling/edema Apoptosis Atrophy Hyperplasia Hypertrophy Necrosis Diagnosis History taking Complaint Prognosis Complication Sequela Inspection Palpation Percussion AuscultationThe Skinskinepidermisdermissubcutaneous tissuesweat glandmelanomamelanocytetineadermatitiseczemaacnealopeciaPsoriasis上述内容供普通班使用,全英班仅供参考其中:红色标记的要求知道中文词义和英文词义,黄色标记的要求不仅知道中英文词义,还能用英文解释。

summary写法

summary写法
2
Do not inject any of your own thoughts. In other words, do not state how you feel the story should have ended. Do not state how you might have written it. Only state how the author brought the writing to conclusion. 7 – As with anything written, once your summary is finished, proofread and edit. Be certain that any strange spelling and terminology used by the original author of the piece are included in your summary. For additional information, see our entire article. This template was adapted from: How to Write a Summary Writing a Summary
A Template for Writing a Summary
Writing a summary is made easy with a template. One has been provided by one of our viewers, Mrs. Sam Biggs, a 6th Grade teacher at Norquay Elementary School in Vancouver BC, Canada. She has taken our information about How to Write a Summary and created a template for her students. This form can be adapted to suit your purposes, whether it be for an article, a short story, novel, business writing or other piece of prose. With Sam Biggs’s and my permission, please feel free to copy this page and use it, or copy and paste the portion you wish into your word processor.

医学探索 当代医学英语综合教程Chapter 1答案课件

医学探索 当代医学英语综合教程Chapter 1答案课件
3. J. Craig Venter is also one of the first people to _d_e_c_o_d_e_t_h_e__h_u_m_a_n__g_e_n_o_m__e____.
4. Man-made cells seem to have limitless potentials because they could be programmed to do everything from _c_l_e_a_n_in_g__p_o_l_lu_t_e_d_w__a_te_r__to__p_o_w_e_r_i_n_g_y_o_u_r_ _c_a_r___.
Section III Extension Reading
Passage 1 Read the passage and fill in each blank with a suitable phrase or sentence from the list.
Paying Homage to the Wisdom of Voices from Medicine’s Past
Medicine’s Progress,
One Setback at a Time
__F___1. What the dean said to new medical students means that half of what they learn in medicine is unbelievable.
3. _E_x__a_m__p_le_s__o_f__s_u_c_c_e_s_s__fu_l__ta_r_g_e_t_e_d__t_h_e_r_a_p_i_e_s 4. _B__ig__c_h_a_l_l_e_n_g_e_s__in__c_a__n_c_e_r_t_r_e_a_t_m_e__n_t_a_n_d____
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每个语句和数据声明的最后必须有一个分号。 (5) 每个语句和数据声明的最后必须有一个分号。 (6) C语言本身没有输入输出语句。输入和输出的操 C语言本身没有输入输出语句。 语言本身没有输入输出语句 作是由库函数scanf printf等函数来完成的 scanf和 作是由库函数scanf和printf等函数来完成的 (7)在 语言中,大小写字母是有区别的。( 。(C (7)在C语言中,大小写字母是有区别的。(C语言习 惯用小写字母) 惯用小写字母) (8)书写程序时,最好使用缩进格式的形式。 (8)书写程序时,最好使用缩进格式的形式。 书写程序时 (9)C程序注释/*……*/可以写在程序的任何位置上。 程序注释/* */可以写在程序的任何位置上 (9)C程序注释/* */可以写在程序的任何位置上。
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1.3
例1:
说明: 程序运行结果是输出: 说明: 程序运行结果是输出: C语言程序的组成结构 C语言程序的组成结构 How are you!
#include "stdio.h" main( ) { printf ("How are you! \n"); }
/*编译预处理*/ /*主函数 */ /*函数体开始*/ /*输出语句*/ /*函数体/
说明: /*……*/表示注释。注释只是给人 说明: 看的,对编译和运行不起作用。所以可以用 汉字或英文字符表示,可以出现在一行中 的最右侧,也可以单独成为一行。
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从键盘输入两个整数,并显示这两个整数之和 并显示这两个整数之和。 例3: 从键盘输入两个整数 并显示这两个整数之和。 int ADDxy(int a,int b) { int c; c=a+b; return(c ); }
main( ) { int x,y,z; scanf(“%d%d” , &x, &y); z=ADDxy(x,y); printf(“sum=%d \n”, z); }
• 程序运行情况如下: 程序运行情况如下: • 8 5 ↙ • sum=13 子函数
主函数
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C程序的基本结构小结: 程序的基本结构小结:


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为什么学习C语言? 为什么学习C语言?
1.2 C语言的特点
可进行内存物理地址访问, 可进行内存物理地址访问,具有汇编语言的特点 具有构造数据类型的能力, 具有构造数据类型的能力,数据结构系统化 控制流程结构化, 控制流程结构化,以函数为基本结构进行流程控制 语言简洁灵活, 32个关键字和 个关键字和9 语言简洁灵活,有32个关键字和9种控制语句 语言表达能力强:34种运算符 语言表达能力强:34种运算符 程序运行效率高,易读性、 程序运行效率高,易读性、可移植性好 语法检查不够严格,对数组下标越界不做检查 语法检查不够严格,
• 程序是对某一过程(流程)的描述, 程序是对某一过程(流程)的描述,它可以用中文 写也可以用英文或其他语言编写, 写也可以用英文或其他语言编写,还可以用图形化的语 言编写。 言编写。 本课程中的程序设计是指人们要让计算机完成某项 工作而事先编写的处理流程, 工作而事先编写的处理流程,因此编写所使用的语言必 须是人与计算机都能有共同理解的语言。 须是人与计算机都能有共同理解的语言。 有许多种用于计算机程序设计语言, 有许多种用于计算机程序设计语言, C语言是其中 的一种语言。 的一种语言。
大连理工大学
第一讲
大连理工大学
本讲要点
C语言的特点 C程序的基本结构
语言的作用、 语言的作用、约束
• 是交流对象之间的交流工具。 是交流对象之间的交流工具。 • 对使用的符号的含义事先有约定。 对使用的符号的含义事先有约定。 • 一般有一套语法体系。 一般有一套语法体系。
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程序与计算机语言
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一个函数由两部分组成: (2) 一个函数由两部分组成: 函数的首部: 函数的首部:例3中的Addxy函数首部 中的Addxy函数首部 Addxy int Addxy(int x,int y ) 函数体:花括号内的部分。 函数体:花括号内的部分。若一个函数有多个花 括号,则最外层的一对花括号为函数体的范围。 括号,则最外层的一对花括号为函数体的范围。 (3) C程序总是从main函数开始执行的,与main函数 C程序总是从main函数开始执行的, main函数 程序总是从main函数开始执行的 的位置无关。 的位置无关。 C程序书写格式自由 一行内可以写几个语句, 程序书写格式自由, (4) C程序书写格式自由,一行内可以写几个语句, 一个语句可以分写在多行上, 程序没有行号。 一个语句可以分写在多行上,C程序没有行号。
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(1) C程序是由函数构成的。 这使得程序容易实现 模块化。 main( ) /* 主函数说明 */ { 变量定义 /* 主函数体 */ 执行语句组 } 子函数名1(参数) /* 子函数说明 */ { 变量定义 /* 子函数体 */ 执行语句组 } 子函数名2(参数) /* 子函数说明 */ { 变量定义 /* 子函数体 */ 执行语句组 }
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变量定义的简单说明
为什么要有这一部分。 (1) 为什么要有这一部分。 (2) 包括那些部分: 包括那些部分: 类型说明 名称描述 初始值 例如 int a=100; (3) 要注意的几个问题 大小写: 语言中,大小写字母是有区别的。 大小写:在C语言中,大小写字母是有区别的。 语言习惯用小写字母) (C语言习惯用小写字母) 命名规则: 命名规则: 初始值: 初始值: 其他要注意的事项以后随着例子介绍。 (4) 其他要注意的事项以后随着例子介绍。
说明: main-主函数名 • 每个C程序必须有一个主函数main • { }是函数开始和结束的标志,不可省 • 每个C语句以分号结束 • 使用标准库函数时应在程序开头一行写: #include “stdio.h”
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说明: 输出一行信息:sum 说明: 输出一行信息:sum is 579 例 2 求两数之和 #include <stdio.h> main( ) /* 程序开始点声明 { int a,b,sum; /* 定义变量:名称、类型 /* 以下3行为C语句 a=123; b=456; /* 赋初值 sum=a+b; /* 计算 printf(″sum is %d\n″,sum); /* 输出结果 }
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