2014职称英语综合类A小抄--阅读 翻译
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读理解文章及译文(4)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读理解文章及译文（4）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，阅读理解部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Motoring Technology1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.Travelling at speed has always been dangerous. One advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants. They can ensure you don’t miss important road signs or fall asleep. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology "sees through" big vehicles blocking your view.And improvements to seat belts, pedal(脚踏)controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don’t want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations(创新).Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyons’s personal chauffeur(司机),but their latest efforts suggest that won’t be soon.1.To reduce car crash rate,many scientists are working hard toA.design fully automatic cars.B.develop faster electric vehicles.C.analyze road deaths occurring worldwide each year.D.improve the safety of cars and develop new fuels.2.According to the second paragraph,most road accidents happen due toA.heavy traffic.B.human mistakes.C.engine failure.D.bad weather.3.Which of the following safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.B.Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.C.Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles.D.Improvements in seat belts,pedal controls and tyres.4.Satellite tracking and remote communication systems cna be used toA.reduce oil consumption.B.remove the obstacles on the road.C.call for help when one’s car crashes.D.help drivers get out of a traffic jam.5.Which of the following statements is true of robotic drivers?A.It will take some time before robotic drivers are available.B.Robotic drivers are not allowed to driveon busy roads.C.Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers.D.Robotic drivers are too expensive to use.答案与题解：1.C 文章第一段的意思是：在世界范围内，每年发生120万起交通死亡事故，加上5000万起伤残事故，因此正在进行的许多研究的重点是安全问题和新燃料问题，尽管一些电动车和生物燃料的研究旨在达到更快的速度。
2014年职称英语考试综合类A级真题全文翻译汇总
When Our Words Collide"Wanna buy a body?"That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from self-employed photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S.News.Like many in the mainstream press,I wanted to separate the world of photographers into "them",who trade in pictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana,and"us",the serious news people. But after16years in that role,I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable.“想买尸体的照片吗？”自从我当上《美国新闻》的图片编辑之后，我接到的自由摄影师打来的电话很多都是以这么一句开场的。
跟很多主流媒体一样，我想把这些买卖尸体照片或者整天跟着像戴安娜王妃这样的名人后面追拍的摄影师，归到“那些人”里面，而我们“这些人”自然是严肃的新闻人。
但是在这个位置上做了16年以后，我开始怀疑这两个世界是不是真的能轻易区分开。
Working in the reputable world of journalism,I toldphotographers to cover other people's difficult life situations.I justified marching into moments of sadness,under the appearance of the reader's right to know.I worked with professionals talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines.And I wasn't alone.既然在新闻界这种声誉卓著的行业工作，我就要求摄影师们去采访其他人艰难的生活状况。
2014年职称英语真题及答案综合类A级(阅读理解)
第一篇The National TrustThe National Trust in Britainplays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoymentof the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although theTrust has received practical and moral support from the Government,it is not arich Government department.It is a voluntary association of people who care forthe unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain.It is a charitywhich depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of thepublic'.Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and placesof historical interest.The attention of the publicwas first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles ofBritain by the death of Lord Lothian,who left his great seventeenth-centuryhouse to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it.Thisgift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust's"Country HouseScheme”. Under this scheme,with the help of the Government and the generalpublic,the Trust has been able to save and makeaccessible to the public aboutone hundred and fifty of these old st year about one and three quartersof a million people paid to visit these historic houses,usually at a verysmall charge.In addition to country housesand open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and watermills3,nature reserves4,five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousandfive hundred cottages or small village houses,as well as some completevillages.In these villages no one is allowed to build,develop'or disturb theold village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in theiroriginal sixteenth-century style.Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline,woodland,and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development ordisturbances of any kind are permitted.The public has free access to theseareas and is only asked to respect the peace,beauty and wildlife.Soit is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and importantorganization and an essential and respected part of national life,preservingall that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only forfuturegenerations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who eachyear invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.31.The national trust is aB、non-profit organization depenging on voluntary service32、The national trust is dedicated toD、protecting the unspoiled countryside and historic33、We can infer from paragraph2that Lord Lothion____C、saved many old country houses in britain34、All the following can be inferred from the passage except_____A、the trust more interested in protecting the16century houses35、the word“invade”in pargraph41s closest in meaningtoC、visit in large number第二篇How we form first impressionWe all have first impressionof someone we just met.But why? Why do we form an opinion about someonewithout really knowing anything about him or her–aside perhaps from a fewremarks or readily observable traits.The answer is related to how yourbrain allows you to be aware of the world.Your brain is so sensitive inpicking up facial traits,even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes,ears,nose,or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him orher as different.In fact,your brain continuously processes incoming sensoryinformation–the sights and sounds of your world.Theses incoming“signals”are compared against a host of“memories”stored in the brain areas called thecortex（大脑皮层）system to determine what thesenew signals“mean”.If you see someone you know and like at school,your brainsays“familiar andsafe”.“If you see someone new,it says,“new—potentially threatening”.Thenyour brain starts to match features of this stranger with other“known”memories. The height,weight,dress,ethnicity,gestures and tone of voice areall matched up.The more unfamiliar the characteristics,the more your brainmay say,“This is new.I don’t like this person.”Or else,“I am intrigued.”Oryour brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes,ethnicity, gestures–like your other friends;so your brain says:“I like this person.”But thesespreliminary“impressions”can be dead wrong.When we stereotype people,we use aless mature form of thinking(not unlike the immature thinking of a very youngchild) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather thanlearn about the depth and breadth of people–their history,interest,values,strengths,and true character–we categorize them as jocks,geeks,or freaks.However,if we resist initialstereotypical impressions,we have a chance to be aware of what a person istruly like.If we spend time with a person,hear about his or her life,hopes,dreams,and become aware of the person’s character,we use a different,moremature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex,which allowus to be humane.36.Our first impression of some one new is influenced by his or her_____-facial feature37.If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is mostly likelyto say____I like the person38.The word“preliminary”means____initial39.Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because_____we neglect their depth and breath40.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of thepassage?Our first impression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brain第三篇A New Strategy to Overcome Breast CancerPost-menopausal(绝经后)women who walkfor an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly,a studyhas suggested.The report,which followed73,000women for17years, foundwalking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease.TheAmerican Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk wasspecifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence thatlifestyle influenced cancer risk.A recent poll for the charity Ramblers aquarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week,but being active isknown to reduce the risk of a number of cancers.This study,published inCancer Epidemiology,Biomarkers&Prevention,followed 73.615women out of97,785aged50-74who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992and1993,so it couldmonitor the incidence of cancer in the group.They were asked to completequestionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active andparticipating in activities such as walking,swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much timethey spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the samequestionnaires at two-year intervals between1997and2009.Of the women,47%said walking was their only recreational activity.Those who walked for atleast seven hours per week had a14%lower risk of breast cancer compared tothose who walked three or fewer hours per week.Dr.Alpa Patel,a senior epidemiologistat the American Cancer Society in Atlanta,Georgia,who led the study, said:”Giventhat more than60%of women report some daily walking,promoting walking as ahealthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasingphysical activity amongst post-menopausal women.We were pleased to find thatwithout any other recreational activity,just walking one hour a day wasassociated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longeractivities lowered the risk even more.”Baroness Delyth Morgan,chief executiveof Breast Cancer Campaign,said:”This study adds further evidence that ourlifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer andeven small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make adifference.”She added:”We know that the best weaponto overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the firstplace.The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify othersustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”41.All of the following factorsrelating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage____EXCEPT________A.breathingexerciseB.regular walkingC.recreational activityD.lifestyle choices42.It can be inferred from Dr.AlpaPatel’s study that____.A.women have fewer chances of physicalactivityB.dailywalking could cut the chance of breast cancerC.leisure-time activity is notassociated with cancer riskD.walking is not recommended for womenwith breast cancer43.Dr.Alpa Patel was_____.A.headof the survey studyB.chief editor of Cancer EpidemiologyC.chair of the American Cancer SocietyD.chief executive of Breast CancerCampaign44.Which of the following statements istrue according to the passage?A.Most women take walking as their onlyrecreational activity.B.The study aims to track the healthconditions of its subjects.C.Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the womenD.Irregular walking increased the riskof breast cancer in post-menopausal women45.The word“sustainable”in the lastparagraph is closest in meaning toA.continuableB.affordableC.availableD.persistent 答案：ABACA。
2014职称英语阅读理解15篇,含中文翻译
（二）World Crude Oil Production May Peak
a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict In a finding that may speed efforts to conserve oil, scien sts in Kuwait predict that world conven onal crude oil produc on will peak in 2014. This predic on is almost a decade earlier than some other predic ons ．Their study is in ACS’ Energy＆Fuels1． Ibrahim Nashawi and colleagues point out that rapid growth in global oil consump on has sparked a growing interest in predic ng "peak oil"．"Peak oil "is the point where oil produc on reaches a maximum and then declines. Scien sts have developed several models to forecast this point, and some put the date at 2020 or later. One of the most famous forecast models is called the Hubbert model2. It assumes that global oil produc on will follow a bell shaped curve3. A related
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文(2)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文（2）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，补全短文部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Teamwork in TourismGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus，trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum3 conditions for travelers.(1) They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services，and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. ⑵Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. (3)Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts，considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement.(4)(5) Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers，and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.注释：concerned:作定语时常常放在所修饰的词或短语的后面，表示“有关的”。
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读判断文章及译文(1)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读判断文章及译文（1）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，阅读判断部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Taking Pictures of the WorldMeet Annie Griffiths Belt, a National Geographic photographer. Belt has worked for National Geographic since 1978, and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the world. In fact, Antarctica is the only continent Belt hasn't seen yet.Belt's photographs are well known for their beauty and high quality. They also reflect very different cultures and regions of the world. Belt has photographed the ancient city of Petra, Jordan , as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in England. Recently, her pictures appeared in a book about undeveloped natural places in North America.Everywhere that Belt goes, she takes pictures of people. Belt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and nationalities even when she does not speak their language. " The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into people's lives," she has said. "The camera is like a passport, and I am often overwhelmed by how quickly people welcome me ! "Knowing how to break the ice has helped to make Belt a successful photographer, but experts say that anyone can learn to connect with new people. When people speak the same language, greeting and small talk can make strangers feel more comfortable with each other. When people don't speak the same language , a smile is very helpful. Having something in common can also help break the ice. For example , Belt has traveled with her two children , so when she takes pictures of children or their parents, they all have that family connection in common. Even bad weather can help people to connect when they are experiencing it together.Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career in photography. You can volunteer to take pictures for a local organization that can't afford to hire a professional photographer. You can also take a good, honest look at your best photographs. If you're a real photographer, your photos are good because of your personal and technical skills. Belt also recommends studying and learning from photos taken by professional photographers.Remember, the next time you look as a beautiful photograph, you might be looking at thework of Annie Griffiths Belt. And the next time you meet a new person, don't be afraid to break the ice. the connection you make could be very rewarding.词汇：landscape n. 风景，风景画 rewarding adj. 值得的，有益的privilege n. 特权，优惠报酬的nationality n. 国籍，民族 think about 考虑overwhelm vt. 征服;使受不了使不知所措注释：1. I am often overwhelmed by…我常常被……搞得不知所措。
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读判断文章及译文(4)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读判断文章及译文（4）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，阅读判断部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
TV Game ShowsOne of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience. A novel can be on the "best seller" lists with a sale of fewer than 100,000 copies, but a popular TV show might have 70 million TV viewers. TV can make anything or anyone well-known overnight.This is the principle behind "quiz" or "game" shows, which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money. A quiz show can make anyone a star, and it can give away thousands of dollars in the U.S. and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor, became rich and famous after winning money on several shows. He even had a career as a television personality. But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheating. It turned out that the show's producers who were pulling the strings, gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. Why? Because if the audience didn't like the person who won the game, they turned the show off. The result of this cheating was a huge scandal. Based on his story, a movie under the title "Quiz Show" is on 40 years later.Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV. But game shows are still here, though they aren't taken as seriously. In fact, some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible. There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together, or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV, or that punish losers by humiliation them. The entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV. People still win money, but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions.注释：1. the size of the audience：观众的数目、规模。
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读理解文章及译文(6)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读理解文章及译文（6）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，阅读理解部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Making Light of SleepAll we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock， your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control when you wake，when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty，something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward，so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6 when they don't get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，RI7 .It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset. In fact，it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock8 were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.注释：1.make light of ：轻视，不在乎。
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1、To Have and Have Not逃亡在宾馆里闲待一个下午是很无聊的。
巡回乐团道具管理组的成员在用美元玩儿游戏，把纸币折成纸飞机的形状然后看谁飞得最远。
因为没有什么事情可以做，我加入了他们并且贏了五局，之后我找了个机会带着我贏的钱退出了游戏。
尽管天色看起来不是很好，我还是决定出去走一走我向前走到了街道另一边的一个小店里。
与其他的小店不同，它没有吸引眼球的名字和主要经营的项目，取而代之的是普通的霓虹灯，里面则是吸引人的强光。
奇怪的是并没有什么影子映射在窗户上。
我并没有因为这个而停住脚步，我走了进去。
我屏住呼吸，不知道看哪里也不知道从哪里开始看。
一面墙上挂着三个手工缝制的美国壁毯，十分美丽，可能是新做的。
我穿过易拉罐和散落的小玩意儿还有古董家具，在我面前的一面墙上挂着一个崭新的1957年的Straocaster吉他。
一张五十美元的卡插在琴弦上。
我的手抚摸着放唱片的架子，读着标题。
这里还有很多的……“我可以帮助你吗？”她吓了我一跳。
我没有看见在柜台后面的女人。
她看我的方式如此居高临下，这一时让我很紧张像是被一种磁场或是电场紧紧包裹住。
很难避开那个眼神。
但是尽管很不舒服，我还是觉得那种被直视的感觉很美妙，那种感觉对我来说不陌生，对她来说也不陌生了愉悦以外她的神情还流露出慈爱和怜悯。
我猜不出她的年龄。
尽管她的眼神充满了友善，她使我想起了我的祖母。
我能感觉到她是一个不喜欢与人争吵的人。
最后我开口说话，“我真的只是看看”，私下里却在好奇有多少东西能够塞进汽车。
她转身离开到后面的屋子，示意我应该跟随其后，但这并非是第一个房间，房间的灯光也让我感觉很特别，灯光来自天花板上的油饤，使一切都笼罩在巨大的阴影之下。
这里没有罕见的电吉他，没有古老的项链，没有鲜花装饰的手绘盒子。
很明显它是陈旧的用来存放垃圾和那些平淡无奇的旧文献的。
我发现了一些旧书，那些金字巳经退去使题目很难辨认。
“它们看起来很有趣。
”我迟疑地说。
“要想了解上面所写你必须有相似的经历/她清楚地说。
她察觉到我的脸上充满了疑惑可是却没有再说什么。
她伸出手拿了一本小书然后递给了我。
“这是目前我能够给你的最好的书”，她笑着说道，320 “如果你要用它”。
我打开书发现全部是一片空白，但依然给了她向我要的几美元，当我察觉到美元依然是纸飞机的形状时不免有些尴尬。
我把书放到包里，谢过她并离开了。
2、Life as a Movie Extra群众演员的一生（新增）人们常常被电影和电影演员吸引，接近他们的方式之一就是当群众演员。
虽然你见过群演员，但可能从没注意过他们。
群众演员就是主角在餐厅对话时在后面坐着的人，是主角举行婚礼时在现场的客人，是“坏人”被警察追捕的时候过马路的行人。
虽然群众演员通常没有台词，但他们的存在使整个场景更真实。
当群众演员看上去很有意思，你可以看到电影背后的情景。
但是不要忘记群众演员是一个职业，而这个职业常常意味着无事可做。
第一次当群众演员的人常常会感到震惊：原来拍电影这么缓慢。
电影成品中的场景会播放的很快，但在拍摄的时候，屏幕上几分钟的镜头可能需要拍一整天。
对群众演员来说，主要的要求就是要有耐心等待。
可能告知你早晨五六点钟工作，但你要一直等导演准备好你要出演的一幕，可能一等就是几个小时。
说不定还会出现技术问题，那就要等更长的时间。
导演说“开始”之后，你开始演你的第一场戏，要是导演不满意，你就要重演一遍。
实际上，一遍又一遍地重复是常有的事。
在拍摄现场，你可能一演就是几个小时，有时还要一直待在很热或很冷的环境中。
工作可能会持续到晚上十一二点。
报酬也不是那么理想——很可能刚超过最低工资线，你还要从中拿出约lO%给向你提供工作的中介。
究竟哪些人会想当群众演员呢？虽然工作时间长而报酬又低，但还是有很多人乐意申请这份工作。
有些人是真心喜欢这份工作，他们喜欢出现在电影中，也乐意同其他群众演员交流。
这些人中大部分都是时间比较灵活的人，这样他们就能腾出时间来演戏。
他们有可能是学生、服务生、家庭主妇、退休人员或者是失业的演员。
一部分找不到工作的演员希望群众演员的工作能够帮助他们找到一份正式的演出工作，但是希望很渺茫。
电影业里的人大都对群众演员和正式演员有严格的区分，通常不会考虑让群众演员出演大角色。
下次看电影的时候，别总是盯着影星，也看一下做背景的人，问问你自己：他们是谁？什么在这里？在生活中他们做些什么呢？也许在人群中，就有人过着跟你相似的生活。
3、Pop Music in Africa非洲的流行音乐非洲国家的年轻音乐家们创造了一种流行音乐的新形式。
音调与旋律不仅有传统的非洲因素1也有当下十分流行的各种形式，比如嘻哈、说唱打击乐、摇滚、爵士或者是瑞格舞。
这样就使这种音乐让世界各地的听者都觉得很熟悉，而它又是典型的非洲音乐。
这种音乐在另一方面也有所不同：很多音乐有着严肃的主题，与当今非洲重要的社会问题和政治问题相关。
Eric Wainaina是这些非洲音乐家的其中之一。
他成长于肯尼亚内罗毕的一个音乐世家。
少年时期他就昕美国的流行音乐，之后就读于波士顿Berklee College学习音乐。
现在他在肯尼亚发了一CD。
他最红的歌曲是"Land of‘A Little Something' ”，这首歌是有关肯尼亚行贿受贿问题的。
他希望人们听他的歌曲然后思考如何让肯尼亚变成更好的居住地。
另一个写有关严肃主题音乐的音乐家是来自坦桑尼亚的Witness Mwaijaga。
她的个人经历让她能够切身体会非洲妇女所受的苦难。
她15岁的时候失去了家，但是比起和她一样无家可归的年轻人来说她很幸运。
她可以靠写歌和在街头卖唱维持生计。
在她18岁的时候，她成为一个明星。
她用嘻哈和说唱的风格写歌，歌曲的内容是坦桑尼亚的各种问题，特别是艾滋病和女性权利的缺失。
来自塞内加尔的BaabaMaal也认为流行音乐不仅仅是为了娱乐。
他在塞内加尔说过，故事的讲述者往往是重要的人物。
在^：去，他们是人民历史的书写者。
他认为写歌者也拥有同样的责任。
他们必须写他们周围的世界，帮助人民明白如何使它变得更好。
事实上，歌词的内容十分重要。
他倡导在非洲要和平与协作，同时也包括妇女权利、热爱家庭和保护环境。
南美最流行的音乐家之一是Brenda Fassie。
她可以与美国流行巨星麦当娜媲美，因为她的舞台表现力震撼人心。
但是她也喜欢让人深思。
20世纪80年代她因为一首有关反对种族隔离的单曲而一炮走红。
现在种族隔离巳经终止了，她的歌曲有关于南美政治和文化的其他方面。
她使用传统的非洲语言与一种新的流行形式库威多来歌唱。
近些年，非洲以外的人们都开始听这些年轻音乐家的歌曲。
通过音乐，年青一代的音乐家使非洲与世界其他的地方相连接，同时也影响着世界的其他地方。
4、Eat to Live为了活着吃饭节食可能使你健康长寿，但并不好玩——节食可能不是非做不可的事。
即使上了年纪再节食，我们仍然有可能在很大程度上保持青春活力。
StephenSpindler和他在Riverside的加利福尼亚大学的同事们已经发现，一只高龄老鼠只要连续四周限制它进食，它的某些肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前一样充满活力，老鼠的肝基因恢复活力不会逆转老鼠在其他方面的老化，但却有助于肝脏代谢药物或除去毒素。
Spindler的团队正常饲养三只老鼠直到它们死，而另外三只老鼠只喂正常饲料定量的一半。
另外三只老鼠在34个月大的时候——相当于人的70岁，从正常饲养转到半量饲养一个月。
研究者检查了这些老鼠肝脏的11000个基因的活动，发现正常饲养的老鼠随着年龄的增长有46条肝脏基因发生变化。
这种变化与炎症和身体组织无限激增相关——这大概对老鼠的健康来说是个坏消息。
在那些终生节食的老鼠中，这46条肝脏基因中的27条继续像年轻的基因一样活动，但最惊人的发现是那些上了年纪才开始节食的老鼠也能从70%的基因变化中受益。
华盛顿附近的国家老年协会的HuberWarner 说：“这是这些影响迅速起作用的第一个迹象。
”还没有知道热量限制是否在人身上和在老鼠身上一样起作用，但是Spindler怀有希望。
他说：“有吸引人的证据表明它能起作用。
”如果它确实能在人身上起作用，那就有足够的理由使肝脏焕发青春秋战国。
当我们变老时，我们的身体对药物的新陈代谢就不那么高效。
Spindler说短期的节食足以使药物充分发挥药效。
但是Spindler不能肯定节食是否值得。
他说：“老鼠们病少了，活的更长，但是它们感到饥饿。
即便明白节食的作用，仍旧很难在饭馆里说我只吃一半。
”Spindler希望在不久的将来，我们不必节食，他的公司，加利福尼亚寿命遗传学，正在寻找有热量控制作用的药物。
5、New US Plan for Disease Prevention美国疾病预防新政策周二，健康及人道服务部秘书托米汤姆森发起了一项耗资1 500万美元的计划，大力推进社区在预防诸如心脏病、癌症及糖尿病等慢性病上发挥更大能量，以鼓励美国人对自己的健康负责。
这一行动强调了慢性病——造成美国国人死亡的主要原因的代价，概括了预防疾病的途径，包括改善饮食和增加锻炼。
卫生与公共服务部在报告中指出，“今天，在美国70%的死亡、绝大多数重病、残疾及健康医疗是由慢性病造成的，绝大多数医疗费用也花在2慢性病的治疗上。
”原因往往是行为上的——吸烟、不良的饮食习惯以及缺乏锻炼。
“我确信通过增进健康来预防疾病是一项利在将来的精明之举。
”汤姆森在发起该倡议的会议上说。
“我们当前的健康医疗体系不是为应付治疗那些基本上可以通过改变生活方式来预防的疾病的费用不断上涨而设立的。
”汤姆森说道，全国心脏病和中风将在2003年将要耗资3 510亿美元。
“男性和女性死亡的主要病因都基本上可以预防，但是作为一个国家，我们却尚未采取必要措施使人们生活得更为健康长寿。
”他说道。
调拨1 500万美元给社区来推动预防工作，促使变化，细微到修建人行道，鼓励人们多多步行。
每天锻炼，比如走步，能够预防以及治疗心脏病和糖尿病，且能预防癌症和中风。
这批款项也将拨给社区组织、诊所及营养师，鼓励他们合作，教育有患糖尿病风险的人们如何进行预防，鼓励人们多做早期癌症筛查。
美国癌症学会估计，所有类型癌症的一半可用早期癌症筛查测出，包括针对宫颈癌的巴氏试验、针对乳腺癌的乳房X线照片、结肠镜检查以及前列腺检查。
如果所有这些癌症都能够由早期筛查测出，该组织估计癌症存活率将上升到95%。
6、The Operation of International Airlines国际航空公司的经营国际航空公司重新发现，商务游客经常定期乘坐国际航班，这甚至成为他们工作的一部分。
这并不一定意味着国际航空公司曾经忽视了商务乘客。
相反，汉莎航空公司和瑞士航空公司声称他们总是尽量满足商务人士阶层的乘客。