商法专有名词中英文对照
中英文词汇对照之Part ACommon law and equity 普通法与衡平法Statute law 成文法Criminal law and civil law 刑法与民法Appeal 上诉Majistrate court 治安法院County court 郡法院Crown court 刑事法院High court 高等法院Court of appeal 上诉法院House of lord 上议院Indictable offence 可起诉的犯罪Summary offence 简易程序罪行Queen’s bench division 王座法庭Chancery division 大法官法庭Family division 家事法庭Small claim track 小额索赔轨道Fast claim track 快速索赔轨道Multi track 多重索赔轨道arbitration 仲裁Human right 人权法precedent 先例Binding precedent=stare decisis 先例约束Ratio decidendi 判决理由Obiter dicta 附告意见Legislation=statute law 法律、成文法parliament 议会Delegated legislation 授权立法Orders in council 委员会命令Statutory instrument 制定法文件Bye-laws 地方法规Statutory interpretation 制定法解释The literal rule 字面解释规则The golden rule 黄金规则The mischief rule 按目的解释规则Part Bcontract 合同Offer 要约Acceptance 承诺consideration 对价intention 意图capacity 合同能力Invitation to treat 要约邀请Termination of offers 要约的终止Counter-offer 反要约Revocation of an offer 撤销要约Unilateral contract 单边合同Collateral contract 附属合同（附属担保品合同）Executed consideration 已履行的对价Executory consideration 待履行的对价Past consideration 过去的对价Consideration must be sufficient but may not be adequate 对价必须充分（有价值），但不必充足Performance of exsiting duties 履行既存义务Promissory estoppel 允诺禁反言原则Domestic agreement 家庭协议Commercial agreement 商业协议Privity of contract 合同的相对性Contract terms 合同条款Express terms 明示条款Implied terms 暗示条款Conditions 条件条款Warranties 保证条款Innominate term 中间条款Exclusion clause 免责条款Has the exclusion clause been incorporated into the contract 免责条款已并入合同了吗Signature （当事人在合同上）签字Notice （提醒对方）注意（免责条款）Consistent dealing 系列交易Any uncertainty or ambiguity in the exclusion clause must be interpreted against the person seeking to rely on it 如果免责条款存在任何含糊不清之处，法院将作出不利于提出免责条款当事人的解释Discharge of contract 解除合同Breach of contract 合同违约Repudiatory breach 能够断绝合同关系的违约Anticipatory breach 预期违约Remedies for breach of contract 违约行为的补救Damages 损害赔偿Remoteness of damages 间接损失陪偿Measure of damages 直接损失陪偿Liquidated damages 实际损失penalties 惩罚Specific performance 特定履行injunction 禁令rescission 废除、取消Tort 侵权The tort of negligence 过失侵权Duty of care 审慎义务Contributory negligence 共同侵权Volentiacceptence non fit injuria=voluntary acceptance of自愿接受风险risksPart Cindemnify 补偿Dismissal 解雇redundancy 冗员Notice 通知Wrongful dismissal 非法解雇Unfair dismissal 不公平解雇Constructive dismissal 推定解雇Re-instatement 复职Re-engagement 再就业compensation 补偿Part DAgency 代理Ractification 追认Agency by estoppel 不容否认代理Actual authority 实际授权Apparent/ostensible 推定代理Warrant of authority 代理权保证Partnership 合伙Severally and jointly liable 个别及连带责任Limited partnership 有限合伙企业LLP（limited liability partnership）有限责任合伙企业Legal identity 法律身份Legal personality 法律人格Limited liability 有限责任Unlimited company 无限责任公司Limited company 有限责任公司Limited by share 依股票成立有限公司Limited by guarantee 依保证成立有限公司Private companies 私人公司Public limited companies 公众有限责任公司Registration 登记Certificate of registration 登记的资格证书Trading certificate 交易证书Lifting the veil of incorporation 揭开公司面纱Quoted/listed company 上市公司Parent company 母公司Subsidiary company 子公司Promoter 发起人Registrar of company 公司登记机关Memorandum of association 公司的基本章程Articles of association 公司的附属章程Statement of compliance 法定声明Constitution of company 公司宪章Company “off the shelf”现成的公司（壳公司）Bona fide 真实的，有诚意的Ultra vire 超越权限Passing-off action 假冒、冒名Capital 资本Part EShare capital 股本Nominal value 名义价值Ordinary share 普通股Preference share 优先股Redeemable share 可赎回股Authorised share capital 法定资本Called-up capital 催缴股本Paid-up capital 实缴股本Class rights are rights attached to particular types of shares 集体权利是依附于特定类型的股份的权利minority 少数股东Variation of class rights 集体权利的变更Allotment of shares 股份分配Issue of shares 股份发行Pre-emption right 优先认购权Bonus issue 发行红股/股票股利Rights issue 认股权发行/配股Loan capital 借贷资本Debentures 债券Charges 抵押Fixed charge 固定抵押Floating charge 浮动抵押Crystallization of a floating charge 浮动抵押的明确化Capital maintenance 资本保全Solvency 偿付能力Issue shares at a premium 溢价发行股票Issue shares at a discount 折价发行股票Underwriting fees 承销费用Stringent 严格的Distribute dividend 派发股息Accumulated realized profit 累计已变现利润Accumulated realized profit 累计已变现损失Undistributable reserves 不可分配准备Part FDirector 董事Board of director 董事会Shadow director 影子董事Executive director 执行董事Non-executive director 非执行董事Managing director 常务董事Board of directors 董事会Remuneration of directors 董事的薪酬Vacation of office (董事的)离职Disqualification of director 取消董事资格Fiduciary duty 受托责任Conflict of interest 利益冲突Fraudulent trading 欺诈性交易Wrongful trading 不法交易Eligibility as auditor 审计人员的任职资格Annual general meeting 年度全体会议Extraordinary general meeting 临时全体会议resolution 决议Ordinary resolution 普通决议Special resolution 特别决议Written resolution 书面决议Notice 通知Special notice 特别通知The chairman 会议主席Quorum 法定人数vote 表决proxies 表决代理人Minutes 会议记录Part Ginsolvency 破产liquidation 清算Winding up 清算A member’s voluntary winding up 股东的自愿清算Creditors’ voluntary winding up 债权人的自愿清算Compulsory liquidation 强制清算liquidator 清算人administration 财产管理Part HCorporate governance 公司治理stakeholder 利益相关人Financial statement 财务报表Voluntary codes of corporate governance 公司治理的自愿守则Unitary board of director 单一董事会Supervisory board 监事会Transparency 透明性Insider dealing 内幕交易Insider information 内幕信息Money laundering 洗钱Fraudulent trading 欺诈性交易Wrongful trading 不法交易。
民商法英语词汇
民商法英语词汇01(2006-11-01 14:57:57)转载分类：law english-法律英语民商法学、经济法学Civil Laws, Commercial Laws and Economic Laws按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment办理注销登记：cancel the registration被代理人：the principal被侵权人 the infringed本人名义：in one’s name标的subject matter补偿制度compensation system不动产登记制Lot and Block System财产法 property law财产的添附 accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权 property mortgage财产继承权：the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships 财产管理人 property administrator; custodian of property财产混同 confusion; hotchpot财产留置权 encumbrance采用书面形式：in writing仓单 warehouse voucher草签合同 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract长期合同 long-term contract偿付能力 solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency撤消合同cancellation of contract撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocationi of will承运人 actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权carrier’s lien诚信原则 principle of good faith诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle船舶承租人 charterer船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship;ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship 船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship村民委员会：the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position处分财产 dispose of properties处分权 act of disposition处分原则 principle of disposition代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agency单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility单方法律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act等价有偿：making compensation for equal value对等原则principle of reciprocity对价consideration对抗措施counter measure对人权right in personam; personal right对世权 real right; right in rem恶意串通：conspire maliciously恶意行为ill will mala fides金融词汇的翻译上传时间:2007-12-12 浏览次数:1689字体大小：大中小acquiring company 收购公司bad loan 呆帐chart of cash flow 现金流量表clearly-established ownership 产权清晰debt to equity 债转股diversity of equities 股权多元化economy of scale 规模经济emerging economies 新兴经济exchange-rate regime 汇率机制fund and financing 筹资融资global financial architecture 全球金融体系global integration, globality 全球一体化，全球化go public 上市growth spurt （经济的）急剧增长have one's 'two commas' 百万富翁hedge against 套期保值housing mortgage 住房按揭holdings 控股，所持股份holding company 控股公司initial offerings 原始股initial public offerings 首次公募innovative business 创新企业intellectual capital 智力资本inter-bank lending 拆借internet customer 网上客户investment payoff period 投资回收期joint-stock 参股mall rat 爱逛商店的年轻人means of production 生产要素(the)medical cost social pool for major diseases 大病医疗费用社会统筹mergers and acquisitions 并购mobile-phone banking 移动电话银行业moods 人气net potato 网虫non-store seling 直销offering 新股online-banking 网上银行业online-finance 在线金融online client （银行的）网上客户paper profit 帐面收益physical assets 有形资产project fund system 项目资本金制度pyramid sale 传销recapitalize 资产重组regional corrency blocks 地区货币集团regulate 调控sell off 变现share(stock) option 期权，股票认购权smart card 智能卡slash prices 杀价spare capacity 闲置的生产能力strong growth 强劲的增长势头switch trade 转手贸易take…public 上市tap the idle assets 盘活存量资产transaction （银行的）交易transfer payment from the exchequer 财政转移支付venture-capital 风险资本virtual bank 虚拟银行wire transfer 电子转帐合同条款常用英文词汇上传时间:2007-11-14 浏览次数:1483字体大小：大中小买方 buyer卖方 seller项目名称 Project name 地址 address电话 phone传真 fax联系人 contact person本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下产品。
(完整版)国际商法专业词汇中英文对照
国际商法专业词汇中英文对照A Note on the Incoterms(国际贸易术语通则解释)Absolute Advantage(亚当.斯密的绝对优势理论)Acceptance with Modifications(对邀约做出修改、变更的承诺)Acceptance(承诺/受盘)Act of State Doctrine(国家行为主义)Act of the Parties (当事人的行为)Administrative Management (经营管理)Advising and Confirming Letters of Credit(信用证的通知和确认)Agent for International Settlements(国际结算代理人)Agreement of the Parties(协议选择原则)Agriculture(农业协定)Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR解决方式)Anticipatory Breach in Common Law (普通法上预期违约)Antidumping Authority(反倾销机构)Applicability of the CISG (CISG的适用范围)Application of Home State Labor LawsExtraterritorially(内国劳工法律域外适用)Applying for a Letter of Credit(信用证的申请)Approval of Foreign Investment Applications(外国投资申请的批准)Arbitrage(套汇)Arbitration Agreement and Arbitration Clauses(仲裁协议和合同中的仲裁条款)Arbitration Tribunals(仲裁机构)Artistic Property Agreements(保护文学艺术作品的协定)Artistic Property Agreements(文学艺术品产权协定)Assignment(合同权利转让)Attorney-General(法律总顾问)Automatic Dissolution (自动散伙)Average Clauses(海损条款)Avoidance(解除)Bank Deposits(银行储蓄)Bases of Income Taxation(所得税的征税依据/基础)Battle of the Forms(形式上的分歧/冲突)Bills of Lading (提单)Branch Banking(银行的分支机构)Business Form and Registered Capital (企业形式和注册资本)Business Forms(商业组织形式)Buyer's Remedies(买方可以采取的救济措施)Carriage of Goods by Air(航空货物运输)Carriage of Goods by Sea and Marine CargoInsurance(海上货物运输及其保险)Carrier's Duties under a Bill of Lading(在提单运输方式下承运人的责任/义务)Carrier's Immunities(承运人责任/义务的豁免)Cartels (企业联合/卡特尔)Categories of Investment Projects (外国投资的项目类别)Charterparties (租船合同)Charterparties by Demise (光船出租合同)China's Fundamental Policies for Encouraging Foreign Investments(中国大陆鼓励外国投资的基本政策)Choosing the Governing Law(准据法的选择)CIF (cost, insurance and freight) (port ofdestination) (CIF成本\保险费加运费付至指定的目的港)Civil Law (民法法系)Clearance and Settlement Procedures(交换和转让程序)Collection of Documentary Bills Through Banks(银行跟单托收)Commercial Arbitration (国际商事仲裁)Commodity Arrangements(初级产品/农产品安排)Common Enterprise Liability(企业的一般责任)Common Law (普通法系)Common Procedures in Handling Bills ofExchange (汇票处理的一般程序) Common Stock (股票)Company Taxpayers(公司/法人企业纳税人)Comparative Advantage(大卫.李嘉图的比较优势理论)Comparison of Municipal Legal Systems(内国法系的比较研究)Compensation for Winding up (清算补偿)Comprehensive Agreements (综合性的协定)Compulsory Licenses(强制许可)Computation of Income(收入计算)Conformity of Goods(与合同约定相符合的货物)Consent to the Jurisdiction of the Host State(给予东道国管辖权的许可/同意)Consideration in Common Law(英美法上的对价)Contemporary International Trade Law(当代国际贸易法)Contract Law for the International Sale ofGoods(国际货物销售合同法)Contract Liability of the Agent (代理人的合同义务)Contract Liability of the Principal (委托人的合同义务)Contractual Issues Excluded from the Coverageof CISG(排除在CISG适用范围之外的合同问题)Copyrights (著作权/版权)Council for Trade-Related Aspects ofIntellectual Property Rights(与知识产权有关的理事会)Coverage of Tax Treaties(税收条约的覆盖范围)Creation of Agency (代理创立)Creditors of Partners(合伙人的债权人)Currency Crises: The Role of Monetary Policy(金融危机：货币政策的作用与地位)Currency Exchange Obligations of IMF MemberStates(国际货币基金组织成员国在外汇交易中的义务)Currency Exchange(外汇交易)Currency Support(资金/财政援助)Custom(习惯)Customs Valuation(海关估价协定)Debt Securities (债券)Decision Making within the WTO(WTO内部决定作出机制)Deficiencies in the GATT 1947 Dispute Process(关税及贸易总协定1947争端解决程序的不足)Definite Sum of Money or Monetary Unit ofAccount(确定货币的总额或者计价的货币单位)Definition and Special Features(定义和特征)Delayed Bills of Lading(提单迟延)Denial of Justice(司法不公)Development Banks (发展银行)Direct Effect(直接效力)Direct Exporting(直接出口)Directors' and Officer's Duties to theCorporation(董事和经理/首席执行官对公司的义务)Dispute Settlement(争端的解决)Dissolution by Agreement (协议解散)Dissolution by Court Order (依法院令状散伙)Dissolution of the Partnership (散伙)Distribution of Earnings and Recovery ofInvestments (收入分配和投资回收)Distribution to Shareholders (红利分配权)Doctrine of Imputability (归责原则)Documentary Formalities(文本格式要求)Double Taxation Provision(双重征税的规定)Double Taxation(双重征税)Duress (胁迫行为)Duties of Agent and Principal (代理人和委托人的义务)Duties of Agent to Principal (委托人的义务)Duties of Principal to Agent (代理人、的义务)Duty of Care in Partnership Business(对合伙事务尽心看护义务)Duty of Loyalty and Good Faith (忠诚和诚信义务)Effectiveness of an Offer(邀约/发盘的效力)Employment Laws in the European Union(欧洲联盟雇佣/劳工法)Employment Standards of the Organization forEconomic Cooperation and Development(经济合作与发展组织雇佣/劳工标准)Enforcement of Exchange Control Regulationsof IMF Member States(国际货币基金组织成员国对外汇交易管理规则的履行)Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in thePeople's Republic of China (在中华人民共和国境内外国仲裁裁决的执行)Enforcement of Foreign Judgment (外国法院判决的执行)Enforcement of Partnership Rights andLiabilities(执行合伙事务的权利和责任)Enforcement of Securities RegulationsInternationally(国际证券规则的执行)Environmental Regulation(环境规则)Escape Clause(免责条款)Euro-currency Deposits(欧洲货币储蓄)European Communities - Regime for theImportation, Sale, and Distribution of Bananas(欧洲共同体对于香蕉的进口、销售和分销的管理) European Union Law on Trade in Services(欧洲联盟关于服务贸易的法律) Exceptio non Adimpleti Contractus in CivilLaw (大陆法上履行契约之抗辩权)Exceptions(例外)Exclusive Licenses(独占许可)Excuses for Non-performance (不履行的免责)Excuses for Nonperformance(不履行合同的抗辩/借口)Exemptions for New Members from IMF MemberState Currency Exchange Obligations(国际货币基金组织新成员国在外汇交易中义务的免除) Export Restrictions (出口限制)Exporting(出口)Expropriation(征收)Extraterritorial Application of U. S.Securities Laws(美国证券法域外的适用问题)Failure to Exhaust remedies(没有用尽法律救济)Fault and Causation(过错和因果关系)Finance Ministry(财政部)Finance of International Trade(国际贸易的结算/支付)Financing Foreign Trade(对外贸易的价金支付)FOB (free on hoard) (port of shipment)(FOB装运港船上交货)Force Majeure Clauses (不可抗力条款)Foreign Investment Guarantees(外国投资的担保)Foreign Investment Laws and Codes(外国投资法)Formal and Informal Application Process(正式和非正式申请程序)Formation of the Contract(合同的成立)Forsed Endorsements(虚假背书)Fraud Exception in Letters of CreditTransaction (信用证交易的欺诈例外) Frauds on Bills of Lading(提单欺诈)Fraudulent Misrepresentation(受欺诈的误解)Free Zones(保税区/自由贸易区)Fundamental Breach(根本违约)GATS Schedules of Specific Commitments(服务贸易总协定减让表中的特别承诺)General Agreement on Trade in Services (服务贸易总协定)General Requirements and Rights of the Holderin Due Course(票据持有人的一般要求和权利)General Standards of Performance(履行的一般标准)Geographic Limitations(地区限制)Government Controls over Trade (政府对贸易的管制)Government Guarantees(政府担保)Governmental Interest(政府利益原则)Governmental Sources of Capital(官方资金)Grant Back Provisions(回授的规定)Home state Regulation of MultinationalEnterprises(本国对跨国企业的管理)Host State Regulation of MultinationalEnterprises(东道国对跨国企业的管理)Illegality and Incompetency(行为不合法性与主体不适当资格的认定)IMF "Conditionality"(国际货币基金组织的制约性)IMF Facilities(国际货币基金组织的机制)IMF Operations(国际货币基金组织的运作)IMF Quotas(国际货币基金的份额)Immunities of States from the Jurisdiction ofMunicipal Courts(国家豁免于内国法院的管辖权)Import-Licensing Procedures(进口许可证程序协定)Income Categories(收入分类)Income Tax Rates(所得税税率)Income Taxes(所得税)Independence Principles and Rule of StrictCompliance (信用证独立原则和单证严格相符规则)Indirect Exporting(间接出口)Industrial Property Agreements (保护工业产权的协定)。
民商法英语词汇
民商法英语词汇01(2006-11-01 14:57:57)转载分类：law english-法律英语民商法学、经济法学Civil Laws, Commercial Laws and Economic Laws按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment办理注销登记：cancel the registration被代理人：the principal被侵权人 the infringed本人名义：in one’s name标的subject matter补偿制度compensation system不动产登记制Lot and Block System财产法 property law财产的添附 accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权 property mortgage财产继承权：the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships 财产管理人 property administrator; custodian of property财产混同 confusion; hotchpot财产留置权 encumbrance采用书面形式：in writing仓单 warehouse voucher草签合同 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract长期合同 long-term contract偿付能力 solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency撤消合同cancellation of contract撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocationi of will承运人 actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权carrier’s lien诚信原则 principle of good faith诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle船舶承租人 charterer船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship;ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship 船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship村民委员会：the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position处分财产 dispose of properties处分权 act of disposition处分原则 principle of disposition代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agency单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility单方法律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act等价有偿：making compensation for equal value对等原则principle of reciprocity对价consideration对抗措施counter measure对人权right in personam; personal right对世权 real right; right in rem恶意串通：conspire maliciously恶意行为ill will mala fides金融词汇的翻译上传时间:2007-12-12 浏览次数:1689字体大小：大中小acquiring company 收购公司bad loan 呆帐chart of cash flow 现金流量表clearly-established ownership 产权清晰debt to equity 债转股diversity of equities 股权多元化economy of scale 规模经济emerging economies 新兴经济exchange-rate regime 汇率机制fund and financing 筹资融资global financial architecture 全球金融体系global integration, globality 全球一体化，全球化go public 上市growth spurt （经济的）急剧增长have one's 'two commas' 百万富翁hedge against 套期保值housing mortgage 住房按揭holdings 控股，所持股份holding company 控股公司initial offerings 原始股initial public offerings 首次公募innovative business 创新企业intellectual capital 智力资本inter-bank lending 拆借internet customer 网上客户investment payoff period 投资回收期joint-stock 参股mall rat 爱逛商店的年轻人means of production 生产要素(the)medical cost social pool for major diseases 大病医疗费用社会统筹mergers and acquisitions 并购mobile-phone banking 移动电话银行业moods 人气net potato 网虫non-store seling 直销offering 新股online-banking 网上银行业online-finance 在线金融online client （银行的）网上客户paper profit 帐面收益physical assets 有形资产project fund system 项目资本金制度pyramid sale 传销recapitalize 资产重组regional corrency blocks 地区货币集团regulate 调控sell off 变现share(stock) option 期权，股票认购权smart card 智能卡slash prices 杀价spare capacity 闲置的生产能力strong growth 强劲的增长势头switch trade 转手贸易take…public 上市tap the idle assets 盘活存量资产transaction （银行的）交易transfer payment from the exchequer 财政转移支付venture-capital 风险资本virtual bank 虚拟银行wire transfer 电子转帐合同条款常用英文词汇上传时间:2007-11-14 浏览次数:1483字体大小：大中小买方 buyer卖方 seller项目名称 Project name 地址 address电话 phone传真 fax联系人 contact person本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下产品。
国际商法术语中英文对照
国际商法术语中英文对照章一、国际贸易法概述国际贸易法International Trade Law国际贸易惯例International Trade Usages or Practices国际商业惯例International Business Practices联合国国际贸易法委员会United Nations Commission on International Trade Law(UNCITRAL)国际统一私法协会International Institute for the Unification of Private Law(UNIDROIT)国际海事组织International Maritime Organization (IMO)遵循先例Stare Decisis判决依据Ratio Decidendi章二、国际货物买卖合同制度联合国国际货物销售合同公约United Nations Convention for Contracts onInternational Sale of Goods (CISG)国际货物销售统一法公约Convention relating to a Uniform Law onthe International Sale of Goods (ULIS)国际货物销售合同成立统一法公约Convention relating to a Uniform Law on the Formation of Contract for the International Sale of Goods (ULF)要约邀请Invitation to offer要约Offer承诺Acceptance要约的撤回Withdrawal of offer要约的撤销Revocation of offer货物相符Conformity of the goods与通常用途相符Fitness for ordinary purpose与特定用途相符Fitness for particular purpose根本违反合同Fundamental breach of contract 预期违约Anticipatory breach of contract分批交货合同Installment contract宣告合同无效Declare the avoidance of contract 收取货物Take delivery of the goods风险转移Passing of risks损害赔偿Damages减轻损失义务Mitigation of damages免责Exemptions非能控制的障碍Impediment beyond control章三、国际贸易惯例贸易术语Trade usage贸易习惯做法Trade practice托运人Shipper交货Delivery费用Charges查对Checking检验Inspection所在地Premise清关Clearance码头作业费Terminal Handling Charges, THC章四、国际货物运输和运输保险制度海运提单Ocean Bill of Lading租船合同Charter Party海上货物运输Carriage of Goods by Sea 航空货物运输Carriage of Goods by Air 铁路货物运输Carriage of Goods by Rail 多式联运Multimodal Transportation 海牙—维斯比规则The Hague- Visby Rules 汉堡规则Hamburg Rules华沙公约Warsaw Convention海牙议定书The Hague Protocol蒙特利尔公约Montreal Convention多式联运Multimodal Transport保险单Policy实际全损Actual Total Loss推定全损Constructive Total Loss共同海损General Average单独海损Particular Average委付Abandonment代位求偿权Subrogation协会货物条款Institute Cargo Clauses章五、国际贸易支付和融资制度汇票Bills of Exchange / Draft跟单托收Documentary Collection付款交单Documentary Against Payment 承兑交单Documentary Against Acceptance 托收委托书Remittance Letter提示Presentation拒付Dishnour承兑Acceptance信托收据Trust Receipt, T / R。
汉英对照法律专业词汇(民商事通用语)
1、民法通则：General Principles of the Civil Law2、民事权益：civil rights and interests3、平等主体：civil subjects with equal status4、财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships5、等价有偿：making compensation for equal value6、诚实信用：honesty and credibility7、适用中国法律：be governed by the law of PRC (The law of PRC shall apply to)8、法律另有规定：otherwise stipulated by law9、无国籍人：stateless persons10、民事权利能力：the capacity for civil rights11、完全民事权利能力：full capacity for civil conduct12、限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct13、无民事行为能力人：a person having no capacity for civil conduct14、法定代理人：agent ad litem15、代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by16、监护人：guardian17、户籍所在地：the place where his residence is registered18、住所：domicile19、经常居住地：habitual residence20、居民委员会：the neighborhood committee21、村民委员会：the village committee22、民政部门：the civil affairs department23、履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardianship24、承担责任：be held responsible25、造成财产损失：cause any property loss26、宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declare … to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct27、下落不明one’s whereabouts have been unknown28、个体工商户：individual businesses29、农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm households30、个人合伙：individual partnership31、合伙人：partnerss32、承担民事责任：bear civil liability for33、按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment34、承担连带责任：undertake joint liability for35、追偿：claim compensation from36、法人：legal person37、法人组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person38、主要办事机构：the main administrative office39、全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people40、集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership41、经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority42、工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce43、核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered44、企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person45、权利和义务：the rights and obligations46、办理注销登记：cancel the registration47、企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person48、企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person49、事业单位：institution50、社会团体：social organization51、经济实体：economic entity52、取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person53、意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine54、擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alter or rescind one’s act arbitrarily55、以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of cheating or coercion56、乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position57、以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes58、具有法律约束力：be legally binding59、请求人民法院或者仲裁机关予以变更：request a people’s court or an arbitration agency to alter60、恶意串通：conspire maliciously61、有过错的一方：the erring party62、附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts63、委托代理：entrusted agency64、法定代理：statutory agency65、指定代理：appointed agency66、委托代理人：an entrusted agent67、被代理人：the principal68、行使代理权：exercise the power of agency69、采用书面形式：in writing70、超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency71、代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agen cy72、本人名义：in one’s name73、查封、扣押、冻结、没收：seize, encroach upon, privately divide, destroy or illegally seal up, distrain, freeze or confiscate74、财产继承权：the right of inheritance75、优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption76、埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed object77、遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects, flotsam78、买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred79、设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish, change or terminate civil relationship80、按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit81、按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt82、享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors83、负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors84、有权向债务人追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debtor85、提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge86、以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge87、给付定金：leave a deposit with the other party88、双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in double89、占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property90、将合同的权利、义务全部或部分转让给第三人：transfer all or part of its contractual rights or obligations to a third party91、取得不当得利：profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis92、无因管理：a ct as manager or provide services in order to protect another person’s interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so。
商务英语专有名词
商务英语专有名词Insurance policy 保险单Insurance certificate保险凭证Weight memo重量单Packing list装箱单general partnerships一般合伙企业limited partnerships有限合伙企业sole proprietorships独资企业joint-stock companies合股公司business trusts商业信托joint ventures合资企业Franchising特许经营权Agency代理商Electronic Commerce 电子商务Back-to-back Credit 转开信用证B/L(Bill of Lading) 提单CL B/L (Clean Bill of Lading) 清洁提单Inland B/L(Inland Bill of Lading) 内陆提单O B/L (Ocean Bill of Lading)海运提单On Board Bill of Lading 装船提单Delivery Note交货单D/O(Delivery Order) 提货单General A verage(共同海损)Particular A verage（单独海损）Total Loss (全损Fixed pricing (固定价格）Flexible pricing (非固定价格）Partial fixed price and partial unfixed price （部分固定、部分不固定价格）Floating pricing（规定滑动价格）Drawer 出票人Drawee付款人Payee 收款人Acceptor 承兑人Endorser 背书人Endorsee 被背书人Acceptor for honour 参加承兑人Guarantor 保证人Holder 持票人Holder for value 付对价持票人Documentary L/C 跟单信用证Clean L/C 光票信用证(EXCEPT non-shipping documents such as invoice, prepayment list) Irrevocable L/C 不可撤消信用证Revocable L/C 可撤消信用Confirmed L/C 保兑信用证Unconfirmed L/C 不保兑信用证Sight Payment L/C 即期付款信用证Deferred Payment L/C 延期付款信用证Acceptance L/C 承兑信用证Banker’s Acceptance L/C 银行承兑信用证Negotiation L/C 议付信用证。
商法术语翻译
国际商法International Business Law 国际公法Public International Law国际私法International Private Law/ Conflict of law民法civil law英美法common law讯问程序inquisitorial procedure抗辩程序adversarial procedure交叉询问cross-examinations法官judge陪审团juror陪审团审讯jury trail法官审讯bench trail裁决verdict判决judgement管辖权jurisdiction law成文法statute law法律体系legal system合理疑点reasonable doubts合同法contract law衡平法equity law违法breach of contract对价consideration要约acceptance反要约counter offer要约邀请invitation for offer损害detriment担保warranty产品责任法product lability law缺陷defect疏忽negligence严格责任strict lability代理agency代理人agent委托人principal明示授权express authority默示授权implied authority实际授权actual authority表面授权apparent authority客观必须的代理agency of necessity 追认ratification合伙协议partnership agreements法人人格legal personality法人实体legal entity 股东share holder普通合伙企业general partnership有限合伙人limited partner无限连带责任unlimited joint and several lability董事会board of directors董事长chairman of the board股东大会general meeting of the shareholder非营利机构non-profit organization公司人格cooperate personality母公司parent company子公司subsidiary分公司branch上市公司listing cooperation虚假陈述misrepresentation欺诈fraud补救remedy轻微违约minor breach重大违约fundamental breach预期违约anticipatory breach。
国际商法专业词汇中英文对照(三)
国际商法专业词汇中英文对照（三）Enforcement of Partnership Rights and Liabilities（执行合伙事务的权利和责任）Enforcement of Securities Regulations Internationally（国际证券规则的执行）Environmental Regulation（环境规则）Escape Clause（免责条款）Euro-currency Deposits（欧洲货币储蓄）European Communities - Regime for the Importation, Sale, and Distribution of Bananas（欧洲共同体对于香蕉的进口、销售和分销的管理） European Union Law on Trade in Services（欧洲联盟关于服务贸易的法律） Exceptio non Adimpleti Contractus in Civil Law （大陆法上履行契约之抗辩权）Exceptions（例外）Exclusive Licenses（独占许可）Excuses for Non-performance （不履行的免责）Excuses for Nonperformance（不履行合同的抗辩/借口）Exemptions for New Members from IMF Member State Currency Exchange Obligations（国际货币基金组织新成员国在外汇交易中义务的免除）Export Restrictions (出口限制)Exporting(出口)Expropriation（征收）Extraterritorial Application of U. S. Securities Laws（美国证券法域外的适用问题）Failure to Exhaust remedies（没有用尽法律救济）Fault and Causation（过错和因果关系）Finance Ministry（财政部）Finance of International Trade(国际贸易的结算/支付)Financing Foreign Trade（对外贸易的价金支付）FOB (free on hoard) (port of shipment)（ＦＯＢ装运港船上交货）Force Majeure Clauses （不可抗力条款）Foreign Investment Guarantees（外国投资的担保）Foreign Investment Laws and Codes（外国投资法）Formal and Informal Application Process（正式和非正式申请程序）Formation of the Contract（合同的成立）Forsed Endorsements（虚假背书）Fraud Exception in Letters of Credit Transaction (信用证交易的欺诈例外)Frauds on Bills of Lading（提单欺诈）Fraudulent Misrepresentation（受欺诈的误解）Free Zones（保税区/自由贸易区）Fundamental Breach（根本违约）GATS Schedules of Specific Commitments（服务贸易总协定减让表中的特别承诺）General Agreement on Trade in Services (服务贸易总协定)General Requirements and Rights of the Holder in Due Course（票据持有人的一般要求和权利）General Standards of Performance（履行的一般标准）Geographic Limitations（地区限制）Government Controls over Trade (政府对贸易的管制)Government Guarantees（政府担保）Governmental Interest（政府利益原则）Governmental Sources of Capital（官方资金）Grant Back Provisions（回授的规定）Home state Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（本国对跨国企业的管理）Host State Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（东道国对跨国企业的管理）Illegality and Incompetency（行为不合法性与主体不适当资格的认定） IMF Conditionality (国际货币基金组织的制约性)IMF Facilities（国际货币基金组织的机制）IMF Operations（国际货币基金组织的运作）IMF Quotas（国际货币基金的份额）Immunities of States from the Jurisdiction of Municipal Courts（国家豁免于内国法院的管辖权）Import-Licensing Procedures（进口许可证程序协定）Income Categories（收入分类）Income Tax Rates（所得税税率）Income Taxes（所得税）Independence Principles and Rule of Strict Compliance （信用证独立原则和单证严格相符规则）Indirect Exporting(间接出口)Industrial Property Agreements （保护工业产权的协定）。
商务英语翻译专有名词
商务英语翻译专有名词-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差bank portfolio 银行资产housing mortgages 住房按揭barter trade 易货贸易bills and forms 单据和表格fiscal year 财政年度cargo insurance 货物保险carrying vessel 装货船只clean payment credit 光票付款信用证clearance sale 清仓减价销售accounting system会计制度comparative advantage 比较优势economic incentives经济动机financial statements财务报表bills of exchange汇票captioned goods上述商品floating policy统保单International speciallzation 国际分工Straight B/L 记名提单under separate cover 另函irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销信用证C.B.D 付现提货CIF 到岸价FOB 离岸价Turnover 营业额foreign exchange 外汇barter 易货贸易capital goods 资本货物layoff裁员jobless rate 失业率profit margin 利润new growth industry 新兴行业marketing 营销estimated time of departure 预计离开时间estimated time of arrival 预计到达时间bottom price 最低价average 海损trial order 试订单canton fair 广交会discount for cash 贴现commission sale 代售CIF net 到岸净价actual price 实价beat the price down 压价decline an offer 拒绝发盘initial payment 首期付款accessory risk 附加险cargo in drum 桶装bale packaging 打包master package外包装shipping advice 装船通知over shipment 溢装partials shipment 分批装运demand bill 即期汇票aggregate amount 总金额advising bank 通知行amount in figures 小写金额circular credit 循环信用证active demand 畅销acceptance sampling 抽样认可advance sheet 样本bargain sale 大减价business report 商业报告clearance sale 清仓价销售commercial world 商界depressed market 萧条的市场end-product 成品direct sales 直接销售credit man 信用调查员corner the market 垄断市场consumer price index 消费者物价指数custom of trade 贸易惯例deal direct 直接交易develop new markets 拓展新市场domestic price 国内价格express airmail 特快急件Commercial L/C 商业信用证absolute acceptance 绝对承兑after sight 见票付款authority to pay 授权付款on blank check 空白支票document against acceptance 承兑交单first of exchange 汇票正本foreign currency 外币foreign exchange rate 外汇率in one’s favour以…为受益人Inland bill 国内汇票Freight payable at destination 运费到付Short shipment 短装Line steamer 班轮Bill of lading 提单Clean bill of lading清洁提单Business correspondence 公函Inside address 封内地址Printed matter 印刷品Agency endorsement 代理背书Commission agent 佣金代理商Volume of sales 销售量Different specification 规格不符Incomplete packing 包装不全Counter-claim 反索赔Mala fide claim 骗赔Non-shipment 漏装Short-landing 短卸Negotiating bank 议付行Notifying bank 通知行今日は休みで町で接在体言后表”在”今日は休みで、勉強しませんから、出掛けます今日は休みで、午前から勉強しますMaster credit 主信用证Confirming bank 保兑行Transit letter of credit 转口信用证Tender guarantee 投标保证书Packing credit 打包信用证Sight L/C 即期信用证Adverse balance of trade 贸易逆差Articles of trade 商品Branded goods 名牌货Chinese export commodities fair 中国出口商品交易会Deal on credit 信用交易Diversified enterprise 多样化经营的企业Spot investigation现场调查Trade creation 贸易开拓Wholesale dealer 批发商Bottom price 最低价Commodities leaflet 商品宣传单Lowest price limit 最低限价Potential demand 潜在需求Apportioned charges 分摊费用Buying cost 购入成本Buying on margin 边际购买Capital in trade 贸易本钱Customs clearing charges 结关费CIF&W成本保险费运费加战争险Floating exchange rate 浮动汇率Sales confirmation 销售确认书Quotation 报价External debt 外债Hard currency 硬通货Invisible trade 无形贸易Visible trade 有形贸易Port of shipment 装运港Port of discharge 卸货港Counter trade 对销贸易Macroeconomy 宏观经济Financial statement 财政报表Income tax 个人所得税Chartering agent 租船代理Shipping advice 装船通知Shipping documents 装船单据Documentary credit 跟单信用证Debtor nations 债务国Instrument of pledge 抵押契据Instrument of ratification 批准证书Straight bill of lading 记名提单Direct bill of lading 直达提单Clean credit光票信用证Packing list 装箱单Inspection certification 检验证书Open policy 预约保单Force majeure 不可抗力Property rights 知识产权Royalty 提成费Trimming charges 平仓费Insurance policy 保险单Coverage 险别Premium 保险费Underwriter 保险人Establishment 开证Counter offer 还盘Counter suggestion 反还盘Bid 递盘Surcharges 附加费Proforma invoice 形式发票Terms of payment付款方式Documents against payment付款交单Weight memo重量单Certificate of quality 质量证书Certificate of quantity 数量证书Cash on delivery 货到付款Gross weight 毛重Net weight 净重Certificate of origin 原产地证明Product life cycle 产品生命周期Security check 安检Liquid funds 流动资金Fixed assets 固定资产Registered assets 注册资金Export volume 出口量Sales figures 销售数字Operating profits 运营利润Work force 劳动力Bills 汇票Multinational corporation 跨国公司GATT 关贸总协定Turnkey projects 交钥匙工程Direct investment 直接投资Portfolio investment 证券投资Lay days 装卸天数Loading capacity 载荷能力Port of destination 目的港Deposits 订金Issuing bank 开证行Paying bank 支付行Quota 配额Cover notes 暂保单Down payment 首付Earnest money 定金Balance sheet 资产负债表Money market 金融市场Draw at sight 见票即付11。
国际商法专业词汇中英文对照表
国际商法专业词汇中英文对照A Note on the Incoterms（国际贸易术语通则解释）Absolute Advantage(亚当.斯密的绝对优势理论)Acceptance with Modifications（对邀约做出修改、变更的承诺）Acceptance（承诺/受盘）Act of State Doctrine（国家行为主义）Act of the Parties （当事人的行为）Administrative Management （经营管理）Advising and Confirming Letters of Credit（信用证的通知和确认）Agent for International Settlements（国际结算代理人）Agreement of the Parties（协议选择原则）Agriculture（农业协定）Alternative Dispute Resolution （ADR解决方式）Anticipatory Breach in Common Law （普通法上预期违约）Antidumping Authority（反倾销机构）Applicability of the CISG (CISG的适用范围)Application of Home State Labor Laws Extraterritorially（内国劳工法律域外适用）Applying for a Letter of Credit（信用证的申请）Approval of Foreign Investment Applications（外国投资申请的批准）Arbitrage（套汇）Arbitration Agreement and Arbitration Clauses （仲裁协议和合同中的仲裁条款）Arbitration Tribunals（仲裁机构）Artistic Property Agreements（保护文学艺术作品的协定）Artistic Property Agreements（文学艺术品产权协定）Assignment（合同权利转让）Attorney-General（法律总顾问）Automatic Dissolution （自动散伙）Average Clauses（海损条款）Avoidance（解除）Bank Deposits（银行储蓄）Bases of Income Taxation（所得税的征税依据/基础）Battle of the Forms（形式上的分歧／冲突）Bills of Lading （提单）Branch Banking（银行的分支机构）Business Form and Registered Capital （企业形式和注册资本）Business Forms（商业组织形式）Buyer's Remedies（买方可以采取的救济措施）Carriage of Goods by Air（航空货物运输）Carriage of Goods by Sea and Marine Cargo Insurance（海上货物运输及其保险）Carrier's Duties under a Bill of Lading（在提单运输方式下承运人的责任/义务）Carrier's Immunities（承运人责任/义务的豁免）Cartels (企业联合/卡特尔)Categories of Investment Projects （外国投资的项目类别）Charterparties （租船合同）Charterparties by Demise （光船出租合同）China's Fundamental Policies for Encouraging Foreign Investments （中国大陆鼓励外国投资的基本政策）Choosing the Governing Law（准据法的选择）CIF (cost, insurance and freight) (port of destination) （ＣＩＦ成本＼保险费加运费付至指定的目的港）Civil Law (民法法系)Clearance and Settlement Procedures（交换和转让程序）Collection of Documentary Bills Through Banks（银行跟单托收）Commercial Arbitration （国际商事仲裁）Commodity Arrangements（初级产品/农产品安排）Common Enterprise Liability（企业的一般责任）Common Law (普通法系)Common Procedures in Handling Bills of Exchange （汇票处理的一般程序）Common Stock （股票）Company Taxpayers（公司/法人企业纳税人）Comparative Advantage(大卫.李嘉图的比较优势理论)Comparison of Municipal Legal Systems(内国法系的比较研究) Compensation for Winding up （清算补偿）Comprehensive Agreements （综合性的协定）Compulsory Licenses（强制许可）Computation of Income（收入计算）Conformity of Goods（与合同约定相符合的货物）Consent to the Jurisdiction of the Host State（给予东道国管辖权的许可/同意）Consideration in Common Law（英美法上的对价）Contemporary International Trade Law（当代国际贸易法）Contract Law for the International Sale of Goods（国际货物销售合同法）Contract Liability of the Agent （代理人的合同义务）Contract Liability of the Principal （委托人的合同义务）Contractual Issues Excluded from the Coverage of CISG（排除在CISG适用范围之外的合同问题）Copyrights （著作权/版权）Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights（与知识产权有关的理事会）Coverage of Tax Treaties（税收条约的覆盖范围）Creation of Agency （代理创立）Creditors of Partners（合伙人的债权人）Currency Crises: The Role of Monetary Policy（金融危机：货币政策的作用与地位）Currency Exchange Obligations of IMF Member States（国际货币基金组织成员国在外汇交易中的义务）Currency Exchange（外汇交易）Currency Support（资金/财政援助）Custom（习惯）Customs Valuation（海关估价协定）Debt Securities （债券）Decision Making within the WTO（WTO内部决定作出机制）Deficiencies in the GATT 1947 Dispute Process （关税及贸易总协定1947争端解决程序的不足）Definite Sum of Money or Monetary Unit of Account（确定货币的总额或者计价的货币单位）Definition and Special Features（定义和特征）Delayed Bills of Lading（提单迟延）Denial of Justice（司法不公）Development Banks （发展银行）Direct Effect（直接效力）Direct Exporting(直接出口)Directors' and Officer's Duties to the Corporation（董事和经理/首席执行官对公司的义务）Dispute Settlement（争端的解决）Dissolution by Agreement （协议解散）Dissolution by Court Order （依法院令状散伙）Dissolution of the Partnership （散伙）Distribution of Earnings and Recovery of Investments （收入分配和投资回收）Distribution to Shareholders （红利分配权）Doctrine of Imputability (归责原则)Documentary Formalities（文本格式要求）Double Taxation Provision（双重征税的规定）Double Taxation（双重征税）Duress （胁迫行为）Duties of Agent and Principal （代理人和委托人的义务）Duties of Agent to Principal （委托人的义务）Duties of Principal to Agent （代理人、的义务）Duty of Care in Partnership Business（对合伙事务尽心看护义务）Duty of Loyalty and Good Faith （忠诚和诚信义务）Effectiveness of an Offer（邀约/发盘的效力）Employment Laws in the European Union（欧洲联盟雇佣/劳工法）Employment Standards of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development（经济合作与发展组织雇佣/劳工标准）Enforcement of Exchange Control Regulations of IMF Member States（国际货币基金组织成员国对外汇交易管理规则的履行）Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in the People's Republic of China （在中华人民共和国境内外国仲裁裁决的执行）Enforcement of Foreign Judgment （外国法院判决的执行）Enforcement of Partnership Rights and Liabilities（执行合伙事务的权利和责任）Enforcement of Securities Regulations Internationally（国际证券规则的执行）Environmental Regulation（环境规则）Escape Clause（免责条款）Euro-currency Deposits（欧洲货币储蓄）European Communities - Regime for the Importation, Sale, and Distribution of Bananas（欧洲共同体对于香蕉的进口、销售和分销的管理）European Union Law on Trade in Services（欧洲联盟关于服务贸易的法律）Exceptio non Adimpleti Contractus in Civil Law （大陆法上履行契约之抗辩权）Exceptions（例外）Exclusive Licenses（独占许可）Excuses for Non-performance （不履行的免责）Excuses for Nonperformance（不履行合同的抗辩/借口）Exemptions for New Members from IMF Member State Currency Exchange Obligations（国际货币基金组织新成员国在外汇交易中义务的免除）Export Restrictions (出口限制)Exporting(出口)Expropriation（征收）Extraterritorial Application of U. S. Securities Laws（美国证券法域外的适用问题）Failure to Exhaust remedies（没有用尽法律救济）Fault and Causation（过错和因果关系）Finance Ministry（财政部）Finance of International Trade(国际贸易的结算/支付)Financing Foreign Trade（对外贸易的价金支付）FOB (free on hoard) (port of shipment)（ＦＯＢ装运港船上交货）Force Majeure Clauses （不可抗力条款）Foreign Investment Guarantees（外国投资的担保）Foreign Investment Laws and Codes（外国投资法）Formal and Informal Application Process（正式和非正式申请程序）Formation of the Contract（合同的成立）Forsed Endorsements（虚假背书）Fraud Exception in Letters of Credit Transaction (信用证交易的欺诈例外) Frauds on Bills of Lading（提单欺诈）Fraudulent Misrepresentation（受欺诈的误解）Free Zones（保税区/自由贸易区）Fundamental Breach（根本违约）GATS Schedules of Specific Commitments（服务贸易总协定减让表中的特别承诺）General Agreement on Trade in Services (服务贸易总协定)General Requirements and Rights of the Holder in Due Course（票据持有人的一般要求和权利）General Standards of Performance（履行的一般标准）Geographic Limitations（地区限制）Government Controls over Trade (政府对贸易的管制)Government Guarantees（政府担保）Governmental Interest（政府利益原则）Governmental Sources of Capital（官方资金）Grant Back Provisions（回授的规定）Home state Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（本国对跨国企业的管理）Host State Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（东道国对跨国企业的管理）Illegality and Incompetency（行为不合法性与主体不适当资格的认定）IMF "Conditionality"(国际货币基金组织的制约性)IMF Facilities（国际货币基金组织的机制）IMF Operations（国际货币基金组织的运作）IMF Quotas（国际货币基金的份额）Immunities of States from the Jurisdiction of Municipal Courts（国家豁免于内国法院的管辖权）Import-Licensing Procedures（进口许可证程序协定）Income Categories（收入分类）Income Tax Rates（所得税税率）Income Taxes（所得税）Independence Principles and Rule of Strict Compliance （信用证独立原则和单证严格相符规则）Indirect Exporting(间接出口)Industrial Property Agreements （保护工业产权的协定）Innocent Misrepresentation（因无知的误解）Inquiry（调查）Insider Trading Regulations（内幕交易规则）Insurance Cover （保险范围）Integration of Company and Personal Income Taxes（公司和个人所得税的征收）Intellectual Property Right Law （知识产权法）International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes （解决投资争端国际中心）International Commercial Dispute Settlement （国际商事争端的解决）International Court of Justice （海牙联合国国际法院）International Factoring （国际保理）International Franchising(国际特许经营权)International Labor Standards（国际劳工标准）International Licensing Agreement(国际许可证协议)International Licensing Agreements （国际许可证协定）International Model Law(国际示范法)International Organizations(国际组织)International Persons（国际法主体）International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms(国际贸易术语解释通则)International Trade Customs and Usages(国际贸易惯例和习惯)International Treaties and Conventions(国际条约和公约)International Tribunals （国际法庭）Interpreting of the CISG (CISG的解释)Invitation Offer （要约邀请／要约引诱／询盘）Involuntary Dissolution （非自愿解散）Issuance of Securities（证券发行）Jurisdiction and Venue （管辖权和法院地）Jurisdiction in Civil Cases（民事案件的管辖权）Jurisdiction in Criminal Cases（刑事案件的管辖权）Know-how （技术秘密/专有技术）Lack of Genuine Link（缺乏真实的联系）Lack of Nationality（无国籍）Lack of Standing（身份不明）Law Applicable to Letters of Credit （调整信用证的法律）Law of Foreign Investment Enterprises of China （中国的外商投资企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures（中华人民共和国中外合作企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Equity Joint Ventures （中华人民共和国中外合资企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Capital Enterprises（中华人民共和国外资企业法）Legal Characteristics （定义和法律特征）Legal Structure of the WTO （世界贸易组织的法律框架）Legal System of International Business(国际商事的法律体系)Letters of Credit (L/C)（信用证）Liabilities of Makers, Drawers, Drawees, Endorsers and Accommodation Parties（票据制作人、出票人、付款人、背书人、代发人/担保人的责任）Liability for Environmental Damage（环境损害责任）Liability Limits（承运人责任/义务的限制）Licensing Regulations（许可证制度）Limitations on Foreign Equity（外国投资的资金比例限制）Limitations on the Excuses That Drawers and Makers Can Use to Avoid Paying Off a Bill or Note 661 （票据制作人、出票人拒绝付款借口的限制）Liquidated Damages （约定的损害赔偿金）Liquidation （清算）Maintaining Monetary Value（维护币值稳定）Major Principles of GATT 1994（关税及贸易总协定1947的主要原则）Marine Insurance Policies and Certificates （海运保险单和证书）Maritime Insurance（海运保险）Maritime Liens （留置权）Means of Delivery（根据交付方式）Mediation（调停/调解）Membership（成员）Memorandums of Understanding（谅解备忘录）Methods of Investment Contribution（出资方式）Mini-trial （模拟审判方式）Miscellaneous Taxes（混杂的，各种各样的税）Misrepresentation（误解）Mixed Sales（混合销售）Modification of Foreign In vestment Agreements（外国投资协议的修改）Money and Banking(货币与金融)Monopoly Control Authority (反垄断机构)Most Significant Relationship（最密切联系原则）Most-favored-nation Treatment （最惠国待遇原则）Movement of Workers（劳工流动）Multilateral Investment Guaranty Programs（多边投资担保计划／安排）Multilateral Trade Agreements（多边贸易协定）Multilateral Trade Negotiations （多边贸易谈判）Multinational Enterprise（跨国企业）Municipal Courts（国内法院的实践）Municipal Legal Systems（内国法系）National Foreign Investment Policies（内国的外国投资政策）National Investment Guarantee Programs（内国／国家投资担保计划／安排）National Law(国内法)National Monetary Systems（国内金融/货币体系）National Treatment （国民待遇原则）Nationality Principle（国籍原则）Negligent (innocent) Misrepresentation（因疏忽的误解）Negotiability of Bills and Negotiability of Notes（可流通的汇票和可流通的本票）Negotiation (谈判，议付)Noncompetition Clauses（限制竞争条款）Nondiscrimination（非歧视原则）Nonimputable Acts（免责行为）Nontariff Barriers to Trade(非关税贸易壁垒)Nonwrongful Dissolution （非不法原因散伙）Objections（异议）Obligations of the Parties （当事人各方的义务）Obligations of the Seller and the Buyer （买卖双方的合同义务）Offer （要约／发盘）Operation of Law （法律的原因而终止）Operational Reviews（营业审查）Opting In and Out（加入和退出）Organization of the IMF（国际货币基金组织的机构）Organizations Affiliated with the United Nations(联合国的相关组织) Overseas Private Investment Corporation（海外私人投资公司的案件）Parent Company（母公司）Passing of Property （产权的转移）Passing of Risk （风险的转移）Patents （专利权）Payable on Demand or at a Definite Time（付款要求或者在指定的付款时间）Payment of the Price（支付价款）Penalties for Noncompliance（对于不遵守法规的处罚）Perils and Losses（保险危险和损失）Persons Immune from Taxation（个人所得税的免除）Piercing the Corporate Veil（普通法上揭开公司的面纱/大陆法上公司人格否认原则）Place for Delivery（交付的地点）Post -Termination Relationship（代理终止后的有关问题）Powers during Winding up （合伙人在清算过程中的权力/权利）Practices and Usages（交易习惯和商业惯例）Preemption（先买权/优先权）Preshipment Inspection（装运前检验协定）Price-Fixing（定价）Private Insurers（私人／商业保险）Private Sources of Capital（私人资金）Products Liability Laws（产品质量法）Promissory Notes（本票）Promoter of International Monetary Cooperation（国际金融合作的促进者）Promoters（公司的发起人）Protection of Natural Resources（自然资源的保护）Protection of Subsidiaries（分支机构的保护制度）Protection of Workers' Rights by the Council of Europe（欧洲理事会关于劳工权利的保护）Protection through Tariffs（关税保护）Proving Foreign Law（外国法的查明）Provisions Governing Trade in Services in the North American Free Trade Agreement （北美自由贸易区协定中关于服务贸易的规定）Quality Controls（质量控制）Quantity and Field-of-Use Restrictions（对数量和使用领域的限制）Recognition and Enforcement of Awards （仲裁裁决的承认和执行）Recognition of Foreign Judgments（外国裁决的承认）Refusal to Exercise Jurisdiction（拒绝执行管辖权）Regional and International Development Agencies（区域性和国际性发展机构）Regional Integration（区域联合）Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Labor（区域性政府间关于劳工的规定）Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Trade in Services（关于服务贸易的区域性政府间管理规则）Regional Monetary Systems（区域性金融体系）Regulation of Foreign Workers（外籍员工的的管理规定）Regulation of Pollution（防止污染规则）Relief（救济、赔偿）Remedies Available to Both Buyers and Sellers（买卖双方都可以采取的救济措施）Remedies for Breach of Contract（违反合同的救济）Requests for Specific Performance（要求继续/特定履行）Residency Principle（居住地原则）Restrictions on Research and Development（对技术研究和发展的限制）Restrictions That Apply after the Expiration of Intellectual Property Rights（知识产权保护期满后应用的限制）Restrictions That Apply after the Expiration of the Licensing Agreement （知识产权使用许可合同期满后应用的限制）Right to Compensation （主张赔偿的权利）Rights and Duties （权利与义务）Rights and Responsibilities of Beneficiaries（收款人/收益人的权利与义务）Rights and Responsibilities of the Account Party（付款人/信用证帐户申请人的权利与义务）Rules of Origin（原产地规则）Rules of Private International Law（国际私法规则）Safeguards（保障措施协定）Sanitary and PhytosanitaryMeasures（卫生与植物卫生措施协定）Scope and Coverage of GATT 1947 and GATT 1994 （关税及贸易总协定1947和1994文本的调整范围）Screening Foreign Investment Applications（对外国投资申请的筛选/审查）Sectoral Limitations（行业/部门限制）Securities and Exchange Commission（证券交易委员会）Securities Exchanges （证券交易所）Securities Regulations（证券规章）Seller's Obligations（卖方的义务）Seller's Remedies（卖方可以采取的救济措施）Settlement of Disputes between ILO Member States（国际劳工组织成员国之间争端的解决）Settlement of Disputes between Intergovernmental Organizations and Their Employees （政府间国际组织与它的雇员之间争端的解决）Settlement of Disputes in International Tribunals（在国际法庭解决争端）Settlement of Disputes in Municipal Courts（内国法院的争端解决途径）Settlement of Disputes through Diplomacy（通过外交途径解决争端）Settlement of Disputes through Municipal Courts （通过内国法院解决国际商事争端）Shareholders' Inspection and Information Rights（股东的监督和知情权）Shareholders' Lawsuits （股东的诉权）Shareholders' Meetings（股东会议/大会）Shareholders' Rights and Liabilities （股东的权利和责任）Sharp Practices （欺诈行为）Signed by the Maker or Drawer（票据制作人或者出票人签名）Source Principle（税收发生来源原则）Sources of Corporate Financing （公司资本的来源）Sources of Foreign Investment Law of China （中国外国投资法的渊源）Sources of International Business Law(国际商法的渊源)Sources of International Law（国际法的渊源）Sources of Investment （投资范围）Sovereign or State Immunity（国家主权豁免）Specialization(国际分工专门化)Standard of Care(给予外国人的待遇/关照标准)Start-Up Standards（设立标准）State Responsibility（国家责任）Statements and Conduct of the Parties（当事人的陈述和行为）Statutory Choice-of-Law Provisions （强制选择条款）Structure of the WTO（WTO的组织结构）Subordinate Business Structures（商业分支机构）Subsidies and Countervailing Measures（补贴与反补贴措施协定）Supervision of Foreign Investment（外国投资的监管）Supreme Court Decision（最高法院的裁决）Systems for Relief from Double Taxation（避免双重征税的救济体制）Takeover Regulations（接管/收购规则）Taking Delivery（接受交付）Tariff-based Import Restriction （约束进口关税）Tariffs(关税)Tax Avoidance（避税）Tax Evasion（逃税）Tax Incentives (税收激励)Tax Sparing（节税）Tax Treaties（税收条约）Taxation（税收）Taxpayers（纳税人）Technical Barriers to Trade（贸易的技术壁垒）Technology Transfer(技术转让)Termination of an Agency （代理的终止）Termination of Corporations （公司的终止）Territorial Restrictions（地区限制）Textiles and Clothing（纺织品和服装协定）The Acceptance（承诺／受盘）The Administrative Discretion of Screening Authorities（筛选/监管机构的管理权）The Anglo-American Common Law System(普通法系或者英美法系)The Applicable Procedure Law （应用的程序法）The Applicable Substantive Law（应用的实体法）The Bank for International Settlements（巴塞尔国际清算银行）The Bill of Exchange（汇票）The Board of Directors （董事会）The Bretton Woods System（布雷敦森林体系）The Business Form（商业组织形式）The Buyer's Right to Avoid the Contract（买方解除合同的权利）The Central Bank（中央银行）The Choice of Money（货币的选择）The Convention on Insider Trading（内幕交易的公约）The Drafting of the CISG(CISG的起草)the Economic Globalization （经济全球化）The Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations（乌拉圭回合多边贸易谈判结果的最后文本）The Foreign Exchange Market（外汇交易市场）The Founding of GATT（关税及贸易总协定的成立）The Framework Agreement（协定的框架）The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade（关税及贸易总协定）The Importance of the Separate Legal Identity of Juridical Entities（跨国企业作为拥有独立法律地位的实体之重要性）The Interbank Deposit Market（银行间的储蓄市场）The International Labor Organization（国际劳工组织）The International Monetary Fund（国际货币基金组织）The International Standard(国际待遇/标准)The International Transfer of Intellectual Property（工业产权的国际转让）The Islamic Law System （伊斯兰法系）The Law Governing Bills of Exchange （调整汇票的法律制度）The Law of Agency （国际商事代理法）The Making of International Law （国际法的构成）The National Standard(国民待遇/标准)The Negotiation and Transfer of Bills and Notes（票据权利的转让和背书转让）The Obligations of Banks（银行的义务/责任）The Principal Characteristics（基本特征）The Role of Banks in Collecting and Paying Negotiable Instruments（银行在可流通票据的托收和付款中的角色）The Roman-Germanic Civil Law System(大陆法系或者罗马日耳曼法系)The Scope of International Law in Actual Practice （实践中国际法的范围）The Subordinate Structure（分支结构）The Transfer of Money（货币转移）The Turning Over of Documents（交付与货物有关的单证）The Uruguay Round（乌拉圭回合）The Value of Money（币值）The World Trade Organization (WTO) （世界贸易组织）The WTO Agreement （WTO协定）Third Party Relations of the Principal and the Agent （与委托人和代理人有关的第三人）Third-Party Claims and Personal Injuries（第三方的权利和人身伤害）Third-Party Rights (Himalaya Clause)（第三方的权利----喜玛拉亚条款）Time Charterparties （定期租船合同）Time for Delivery （交付的时间）Time Limitations（时效）Trade Barriers （贸易壁垒）Trade in Goods(货物贸易)Trade Liberalization Through Cooperation （通过合作实现贸易自由化）Trade Policy Review（贸易政策评审机制）Trade Terms（贸易术语）Trademarks（商标权）Trade-Related Investment Measures（与贸易有关的投资措施协定）Trading in Securities （证券交易）Transactions Covered in CISG（CISG适用的交易范围）Transnational Organized Labor（有组织的跨境服务的劳工）Transparency(透明度)Treaties and Conventions（条约和公约）Trial Court Decision（初等法院的裁决）Turnover Taxes（流转/交易税）Tying Clauses（搭售条款）Unconditional Promise or Order to Pay（无条件的付款承诺和要求）Unfair Competition Laws（不正当竞争法）UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC)(国际统一私法协会国际商事合同通则,简称PICC)United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)(联合国国际货物销售合同公约,简称CISG)Validity and Formation of International Sale of Contracts（国际货物销售合同的成立和效力）Visas（签证）Voyage Charterparties （航次租船合同）Waivers（让渡、放弃）Winding Up （合伙清算）World Intellectual Property Organization（世界知识产权组织）World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Procedures（世界贸易组织争端解决机制）Wrongful Dissolution （不法原因散伙）WTO Antidumping Agreement （世界贸易组织反倾销协议）WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures（世界贸易组织的争端解决程序）。