商法专有名词中英文对照

中英文词汇对照之Part ACommon law and equity 普通法与衡平法Statute law 成文法Criminal law and civil law 刑法与民法Appeal 上诉Majistrate court 治安法院County court 郡法院Crown court 刑事法院High court 高等法院Court of appeal 上诉法院House of lord 上议院Indictable offence 可起诉的犯罪Summary offence 简易程序罪行Queen’s bench division 王座法庭Chancery division 大法官法庭Family division 家事法庭Small claim track 小额索赔轨道Fast claim track 快速索赔轨道Multi track 多重索赔轨道arbitration 仲裁Human right 人权法precedent 先例Binding precedent=stare decisis 先例约束Ratio decidendi 判决理由Obiter dicta 附告意见Legislation=statute law 法律、成文法parliament 议会Delegated legislation 授权立法Orders in council 委员会命令Statutory instrument 制定法文件Bye-laws 地方法规Statutory interpretation 制定法解释The literal rule 字面解释规则The golden rule 黄金规则The mischief rule 按目的解释规则Part Bcontract 合同Offer 要约Acceptance 承诺consideration 对价intention 意图capacity 合同能力Invitation to treat 要约邀请Termination of offers 要约的终止Counter-offer 反要约Revocation of an offer 撤销要约Unilateral contract 单边合同Collateral contract 附属合同（附属担保品合同）Executed consideration 已履行的对价Executory consideration 待履行的对价Past consideration 过去的对价Consideration must be sufficient but may not be adequate 对价必须充分（有价值），但不必充足Performance of exsiting duties 履行既存义务Promissory estoppel 允诺禁反言原则Domestic agreement 家庭协议Commercial agreement 商业协议Privity of contract 合同的相对性Contract terms 合同条款Express terms 明示条款Implied terms 暗示条款Conditions 条件条款Warranties 保证条款Innominate term 中间条款Exclusion clause 免责条款Has the exclusion clause been incorporated into the contract 免责条款已并入合同了吗Signature （当事人在合同上）签字Notice （提醒对方）注意（免责条款）Consistent dealing 系列交易Any uncertainty or ambiguity in the exclusion clause must be interpreted against the person seeking to rely on it 如果免责条款存在任何含糊不清之处，法院将作出不利于提出免责条款当事人的解释Discharge of contract 解除合同Breach of contract 合同违约Repudiatory breach 能够断绝合同关系的违约Anticipatory breach 预期违约Remedies for breach of contract 违约行为的补救Damages 损害赔偿Remoteness of damages 间接损失陪偿Measure of damages 直接损失陪偿Liquidated damages 实际损失penalties 惩罚Specific performance 特定履行injunction 禁令rescission 废除、取消Tort 侵权The tort of negligence 过失侵权Duty of care 审慎义务Contributory negligence 共同侵权Volentiacceptence non fit injuria=voluntary acceptance of自愿接受风险risksPart Cindemnify 补偿Dismissal 解雇redundancy 冗员Notice 通知Wrongful dismissal 非法解雇Unfair dismissal 不公平解雇Constructive dismissal 推定解雇Re-instatement 复职Re-engagement 再就业compensation 补偿Part DAgency 代理Ractification 追认Agency by estoppel 不容否认代理Actual authority 实际授权Apparent/ostensible 推定代理Warrant of authority 代理权保证Partnership 合伙Severally and jointly liable 个别及连带责任Limited partnership 有限合伙企业LLP（limited liability partnership）有限责任合伙企业Legal identity 法律身份Legal personality 法律人格Limited liability 有限责任Unlimited company 无限责任公司Limited company 有限责任公司Limited by share 依股票成立有限公司Limited by guarantee 依保证成立有限公司Private companies 私人公司Public limited companies 公众有限责任公司Registration 登记Certificate of registration 登记的资格证书Trading certificate 交易证书Lifting the veil of incorporation 揭开公司面纱Quoted/listed company 上市公司Parent company 母公司Subsidiary company 子公司Promoter 发起人Registrar of company 公司登记机关Memorandum of association 公司的基本章程Articles of association 公司的附属章程Statement of compliance 法定声明Constitution of company 公司宪章Company “off the shelf”现成的公司（壳公司）Bona fide 真实的，有诚意的Ultra vire 超越权限Passing-off action 假冒、冒名Capital 资本Part EShare capital 股本Nominal value 名义价值Ordinary share 普通股Preference share 优先股Redeemable share 可赎回股Authorised share capital 法定资本Called-up capital 催缴股本Paid-up capital 实缴股本Class rights are rights attached to particular types of shares 集体权利是依附于特定类型的股份的权利minority 少数股东Variation of class rights 集体权利的变更Allotment of shares 股份分配Issue of shares 股份发行Pre-emption right 优先认购权Bonus issue 发行红股/股票股利Rights issue 认股权发行/配股Loan capital 借贷资本Debentures 债券Charges 抵押Fixed charge 固定抵押Floating charge 浮动抵押Crystallization of a floating charge 浮动抵押的明确化Capital maintenance 资本保全Solvency 偿付能力Issue shares at a premium 溢价发行股票Issue shares at a discount 折价发行股票Underwriting fees 承销费用Stringent 严格的Distribute dividend 派发股息Accumulated realized profit 累计已变现利润Accumulated realized profit 累计已变现损失Undistributable reserves 不可分配准备Part FDirector 董事Board of director 董事会Shadow director 影子董事Executive director 执行董事Non-executive director 非执行董事Managing director 常务董事Board of directors 董事会Remuneration of directors 董事的薪酬Vacation of office (董事的)离职Disqualification of director 取消董事资格Fiduciary duty 受托责任Conflict of interest 利益冲突Fraudulent trading 欺诈性交易Wrongful trading 不法交易Eligibility as auditor 审计人员的任职资格Annual general meeting 年度全体会议Extraordinary general meeting 临时全体会议resolution 决议Ordinary resolution 普通决议Special resolution 特别决议Written resolution 书面决议Notice 通知Special notice 特别通知The chairman 会议主席Quorum 法定人数vote 表决proxies 表决代理人Minutes 会议记录Part Ginsolvency 破产liquidation 清算Winding up 清算A member’s voluntary winding up 股东的自愿清算Creditors’ voluntary winding up 债权人的自愿清算Compulsory liquidation 强制清算liquidator 清算人administration 财产管理Part HCorporate governance 公司治理stakeholder 利益相关人Financial statement 财务报表Voluntary codes of corporate governance 公司治理的自愿守则Unitary board of director 单一董事会Supervisory board 监事会Transparency 透明性Insider dealing 内幕交易Insider information 内幕信息Money laundering 洗钱Fraudulent trading 欺诈性交易Wrongful trading 不法交易。