1990 Response of wild turkey hens to bear hunting in Western…
托福阅读题目解析—TPO2 普吉特海湾的鹿群
托福阅读题目解析—TPO2普吉特海湾的鹿群TPO是托福备考圣经，但是并不是有“圣经”就能完全把握托福考试。
还要看大家怎么去利用这份资料。
针对原文，我们可以最大限度的剖析再剖析。
直到把文章掌握得滚瓜烂熟。
而大家又是怎样对待其中的每个考题呢？是做完对对答案，记下答对率；还是认真分析每个考题在考什么，找出托福阅读的“点”在哪？前者居多吧！所以，关于托福阅读TPO，小编希望最大限度地利用这些ETS提供的阅读题目。
在题目中，找到每个题目考察点，给出最全最有逻辑的解析。
今天，小编分享给大家的是关于TPO4Deer Populations of the Puget Sound的题目分析。
Deer Populations of the Puget Sound普吉特海湾的鹿群Paragraph1:Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.The black-tailed deer,a lowland,west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington,is now the most common. The other species,the Columbian white-tailed deer,in earlier times was common in the open prairie country；it is now restricted to the low,marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.1.According to paragraph1,which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?○It is native to lowlands and marshes.○It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.○It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.○It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.解析：答案是(4)，事实信息题由the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound定位到The other species,the Columbianwhite-tailed deer,in earlier times was common in the open prairie country；it is now restricted to the low,marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.选项(1)和it is now restricted to the low,marshy islands矛盾；选项(2)是对另一种black-tailed deer的描述；选项(3)没有提到，文章是说“was common in the open prairie country”没有和the black-tailed deer对比；选项(4)正确。
关于火鸡的英语小作文
关于火鸡的英语小作文Title: The Fascinating Tale of Turkeys。
Turkeys, those majestic birds that have become synonymous with Thanksgiving feasts and holiday gatherings, have a rich history and a plethora of interesting facts to uncover. From their origins to their cultural significance, let's delve into the fascinating world of turkeys.Origins and Habitat:Turkeys, scientifically known as Meleagris gallopavo, are native to North America and were domesticated by indigenous peoples thousands of years ago. They are closely related to other game birds like pheasants and grouse. In the wild, turkeys inhabit diverse habitats ranging from forests to grasslands, where they forage for seeds, berries, insects, and even small reptiles.Domestication and Breeds:The domestication of turkeys began centuries ago by Native American tribes, particularly the Aztecs and the Mayans. These early civilizations recognized the turkey's value as a source of food and feathers. Today, there are several breeds of domestic turkeys, each with its unique characteristics and purposes. From the broad-breasted white turkey, commonly raised for meat production, to heritage breeds like Bourbon Red and Narragansett, there's a turkey breed suited for various preferences and farming practices.Anatomy and Behavior:Turkeys are large birds characterized by their distinctive fan-shaped tail feathers, wattled necks, and colorful plumage. Male turkeys, known as toms or gobblers, are larger and more brightly colored than females, called hens. During mating season, toms display elaborate courtship rituals, puffing up their feathers, strutting, and emitting their signature gobble. Turkeys are highly social animals, often forming flocks that roam together in search of food and shelter.Cultural Significance:Turkeys hold significant cultural importance across the globe. In the United States, they are a symbol of Thanksgiving, where roasted turkey takes center stage on dinner tables nationwide. Additionally, turkeys feature prominently in Native American folklore and ceremonies, representing abundance, fertility, and spiritual connection to the natural world. In other cultures, turkeys are revered for their beauty, intelligence, and role in traditional cuisines.Conservation Efforts:Despite their cultural prominence, wild turkey populations faced severe declines due to habitat loss and overhunting in the past centuries. However, conservation efforts, including habitat restoration and regulated hunting practices, have led to remarkable recoveries in many regions. Today, wild turkeys thrive in diversehabitats across North America, showcasing the success ofconservation initiatives and the resilience of these iconic birds.Conclusion:In conclusion, turkeys are not only a staple of holiday feasts but also fascinating creatures with a rich history and cultural significance. From their humble beginnings in North America to their widespread domestication and conservation efforts, turkeys continue to capture our imagination and inspire admiration. So, the next time you enjoy a serving of roast turkey, take a moment to appreciate the remarkable journey of this iconic bird.。
2014-06-21Reading气候变化和中东Natufian人+昆虫变态+三种珊瑚礁起源过程-答案-最后一篇有小瑕疵
CABAC, ADDBD, BAB, 156 ABBCC, DBDCC, ABB, 345 CCDAC, BABCD, ABD, 245Climate Change and the Natufian PeopleThe so-called Natufian culture inhabited what is now the Middle East between approximately 14,000 and 11,500 years ago. This period is commonly split into two subperiods, Early Natufian (14,000 to 13,000 years ago) and Late Natufian (13,000 to 11,500). The Natufians were hunter-gatherers who relied primarily on gazelle, although they also cultivated some cereal grains. During the early period at least, they lived year-round in villages in built stone houses. Like all human beings, their way of life depended on the climate. Around 13,000 years ago, their climate began to change, becoming colder and drier, a period known as the Younger Dryas.We know that times were hard in the increasingly arid landscapes of the Younger Dryas, but quite how hard remains unclear. The droughts certainly caused many ponds and rivers to disappear complet ely and the larger lakes to shrink in size. The people who lived in the south, in today’s deserts of the Negev and the Sinai, were most likely hit the hardest. They returned to a completely transient hunter-gatherer way of life, moving from place to place. Survival required improved hunting weapons: game (animals hunted for food) had become scarce, and consequently, success had become essential when a kill was possible. And so we see the invention of the Harif point, a new kind of arrowhead.Further north, the impact of the Younger Dryas may have been less severe. Yet survival still required more than just a return to the ancient mobile hunter-gatherer lifestyle, especially as there were now many more people needing food than had been the case during earlier periods, when the Natufians lived in permanent dwellings. One response was to hunt a much wider range of animals than before, and hence we find in Late Natufian settlements the bones of many small-game species as well as larger, ever-present gazelle.Another response to the changing climate was to continue, and perhaps expand the cultivation of plants. Wild cereals were particularly hard hit by the Younger Dryas owing to a decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. This diminution, carefully documented from air bubbles trapped in Antarctic ice, inhibited their photosynthesis and markedly reduced their yields. Consequently, whatever cultivation practices had begun during the Early Natufian period—weeding, transplanting, watering, pest control—may now have become essential to secure sufficient food. And these may have created the first domesticated strains.This appears to be what happened at the village of Abu Hureyra just before its abandonment. When the archaeologist Gordon Hillman studied the cereal grains from the site, he found a few grains of rye from plants that had undergone the transition into domestic forms. When dated, they were shown to lie between 11,000 and 10,500 B.C.—the oldest domesticated cereal grain from anywhere in the world. Along with these grains, Hillman found seeds from the weeds that typically grow in cultivated soil. And so it appears that, as the availability of wild plant foods declined due to the onset of the Younger Dryas, the Abu Hureyra people invested an ever greater amount of time and effort in caring for the wild rye and by doing so unintentionally transformed it into a domestic crop. But even this could not support the village—it was abandoned as people were forced to return to a mobile lifestyle, perhaps carrying pouches of cereal grain. The domesticated rye of Abu Hureyra reverted to its wild state.The geographical range of the Late Natufians also changed. With their increased interest in plant cultivation, the Late Natufians drifted away from the depleted woodlands where their forebears once flourished. They were drawn to the alluvial soils (soils deposited by rivers) of the valleys, not only those of the River Jordan, but also those found by the great rivers of the Mesopotamian plain and in the vicinity of lakes and rivers throughout the Middle East. Large expanses of these rich, fertile soils became available as the rivers and lakes struck during the Younger Dryas Wild, but cultivated, cereals grew well in such soil, especially when close to the meager springs, ponds, and streams that survived the arid conditions.Paragraph 2We know that times were hard in the increasingly arid landscapes of the Younger Dryas, but quite how hard remains unclear. The droughts certainly caused many ponds and rivers to disappear completely and the larger lakes to shrink in size. The people who lived in the south, in today’s deserts of the Negev and the Sinai, were most likely hit the hardest. They returned to a completely transient hunter-gatherer way of life, moving from place to place. Survival required improved hunting weapons: game (animals hunted for food) had become scarce, and consequently, success had become essential when a kill was possible. And so we see the invention of the Harif point, a new kind of arrowhead.1.Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2during the Younger Dryas? CThe development of new weapons in the south improved the Natufians’ hunting successes. Human settlement in the south destroyed the resources that allowed game animals to survive.Animals died or moved away as their sources of drinking water dried up.Animals were scared away by the Natufians’ rapid movement from place to place. Paragraph 2 is marked with an arrow [→]Paragraph 3Further north, the impact of the Younger Dryas may have been less severe. Yet survival still required more than just a return to the ancient mobile hunter-gatherer lifestyle, especially as there were now many more people needing food than had been the case during earlier periods, when the Natufians lived in permanent dwellings. One response was to hunt a much wider range of animals than before, and hence we find in Late Natufian settlements the bones of many small-game species as well as larger, ever-present gazelle.3.According to paragraph 3, what did the Natufians do to feed their increasing populationduring the Younger Dryas? BThey began to trade food products with other people in neighboring areas.They began hunting a wider range of animals.They tried to hunt mostly the larger animals.They moved south where there were more animals.Paragraph 3 is marked with an arrow [→]Paragraph 4Another response to the changing climate was to continue, and perhaps expand the cultivation of plants. Wild cereals were particularly hard hit by the Younger Dryas owing to a decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. This diminution, carefully documented from air bubbles trapped in Antarctic ice, inhibited their photosynthesis and markedly reduced their yields. Consequently, whatever cultivation practices had begun during the Early Natufian period—weeding, transplanting, watering, pest control—may now have become essential to secure sufficient food. And these may have created the first domesticated strains.4.According to paragraph 4, air bubbles in Antarctic ice are evidence of which of the followingduring the Younger Dryas period? AA reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxideAn increase in the number of weedsImprovements in cultivation of plantsGreater use of pest controlsParagraph 4 is marked with an arrow [→]5.The word “inhibited” in the passage is closet in meaning to Calteredrequiredrestrictedallowed6.The word “sufficient” in the passage is closet in meaning to AenoughfreshvaluablenutritiousParagraph 5This appears to be what happened at the village of Abu Hureyra just before its abandonment.typically grow in cultivated soil. And so it appears that, as the availability of wild plant foods declined due to the onset of the Younger Dryas, the Abu Hureyra people invested an ever greater amount of time and effort in caring for the wild rye and by doing so unintentionally transformed it into a domestic crop. But even this could not support the village—it was abandoned as people were forced to return to a mobile lifestyle, perhaps carrying pouches of cereal grain. The domesticated rye of Abu Hureyra reverted to its wild state.7.In paragraph 5, why does the author described the archaeologist’s findings at Abu Hureyra?DTo identify the best-known Natufian villageTo question the idea that wild grains were first domesticated more than 11,000 years agoTo challenge the idea presented in paragraph 4 that earlier cultivation practices became essential for Natufian survival during the Younger DryasTo provide evidence supporting the theory presented in paragraph 4 about how wild plants became domesticatedParagraph 5 is marked with an arrow [→]8.According to paragraph 5, what was one response of the people of Abu Hureyra to the onsetof the Younger Dryas? DThey began collecting a wider variety of wild grains.They began cultivating crops at sites outside Abu Hureyra.They developed special pouches for storing and carrying cereal grain.They spent more energy and time cultivating their rye crop.Paragraph 5 is marked with an arrow [→]9.According to paragraph 5, what happened to the domesticated rye left at Abu Hureyra?BIt developed a number of different strains.It became wild again.It became extinct.It could no longer be used as food.Paragraph 5 is marked with an arrow [→]Paragraph 6The geographical range of the Late Natufians also changed. With their increased interest in plantcultivation, the Late Natufians drifted away from the depleted woodlands where their forebears once flourished. They were drawn to the alluvial soils (soils deposited by rivers) of the valleys, not only those of the River Jordan, but also those found by the great rivers of the Mesopotamian plain and in the vicinity of lakes and rivers throughout the Middle East. Large expanses of these rich, fertile soils became available as the rivers and lakes struck during the Younger Dryas. Wild, but cultivated, cereals grew well in such soil, especially when close to the meager springs, ponds, and streams that survived the arid conditions.10.The word “flourished” in the passage is closet in meaning tosettledstruggledgatheredprospered11.The phrase “drawn to” in the passage is closet in meaning toconcerned byattracted towardimpressed bysurrounded by12.According to paragraph 6, why did the Natufians move to river valleys during the YoungerDryas?Plants grew better in the fertile soil next to bodies of water.The Natufians followed the game animals there.The Natufians used the rivers as their means of transportation.The valleys had more woodlands, which the Natufians needed for home building. Paragraph 6 is marked with an arrow [→]Paragraphs1 and 2The so-called Natufian culture inhabited what is now the Middle East between approximately 14,000 and 11,500 years ago. This period is commonly split into two subperiods, Early Natufian (14,000 to 13,000 years ago) and Late Natufian (13,000 to 11,500). The Natufians were hunter-gatherers who relied primarily on gazelle, although they also cultivated some cereal grains. ■During the early period at least, they lived year-round in villages in built stone houses. Like all human beings, their way of life depended on the climate. ■Around 13,000 years ago, their climate began to change, becoming colder and drier, a period known as the Younger Dryas.■We know that times were hard in the increasingly arid landscapes of the Younger Dryas, but quite how hard remains unclear. ■The droughts certainly caused many ponds and rivers to disappear completely and the larger lakes to shrink in size. Th e people who lived in the south, in today’s deserts of the Negev and the Sinai, were most likely hit the hardest. They returned to a completely transient hunter-gatherer way of life, moving from place to place. Survival required improved hunting weapons: game (animals hunted for food) had become scarce, and consequently, success had become essential when a kill was possible. And so we see theinvention of the Harif point, a new kind of arrowhead.13.Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added tothe passage.As long as the climate remained moderate, the Natufians were able to thrive by remaining in their villages.BWhere would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.This question is worth 2 points.Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong. To review the passage, click on View Text.Answer ChoicesAs lakes and rivers dried up, Natufiansabandoned their settlements in some areas and became mobile hunters, developing new, more efficient hunting weapons to improve their success in the hunt.Cereal yields dropped when the air became excessively concentrated with carbon dioxide, which impaired photosynthesis.In one Natufian village, an archaeologist found the oldest-known domesticated cereal grain, dating from more than 14,000 years ago. A major contribution of Natufian culture to early civilization was the invention of a new arrowhead called the Harif point.With wild grains no longer plentiful, the Natufians had to invent better cultivation techniques, resulting in new domesticated varieties.The climate change forced some Late Natufians to move away from their former woodland homes and inhabit the fertile lands left by the receding rivers and lakes.MetamorphosisOrganisms that metamorphose undergo radical changes over the course of their life cycle. A frog egg hatches a tadpole that metamorphoses into an adult frog within a few days or weeks. A fruit fly egg hatches a larva that feeds for a few hours or days and then enters the pupal stage during which it develops a protective covering. The changes that occur during the metamorphosis of a single species may be so great that the species occupies two separate and very different niches or places in an environment at different times. In fact, the larvae of two species may be more similar to each other than to the corresponding adult forms of their own species.Organisms that utilize different resources at different stages of their life cycle face an unusual evolutionary problem, exploiting different niches may be difficult with a single body plan. The solution is a juvenile (immature) form specialized for one niche, followed by metamorphosis to an entirely new body plan, adapted to a different niche in the adult. Clearly, species thatmetamorphose must undertake complex genetic and physiological processes in the transformation. These changes require complex regulatory mechanisms that involve turning on and off many genes at appropriate times. In addition, the reorganization of the body plan in a metamorphic species entails considerable energy costs. What sorts of ecological advantages could outweigh these complications?One prevailing hypothesis is that metamorphic species specialize so as to exploit habitats with high but transient (short term) productivity----and hence high potential for growth. Part of this strategy is that specializations for feeding, dispersal, and reproduction are separated across stages. A frog tadpole occupies an aquatic environment (such as a pond) with extremely high potential for growth. The existence of the pond or its high production may be transient, however. Whereas an aquatic larva is not capable of dispersal to new ponds if its habitat becomes unsuitable, the adult frog is. In this case rapid growth in the larva is separated from dispersal and reproduction in the adult. Although the adult feeds, its growth rate is far less than that of the tadpole. The energy adults obtain from feeding is dedicated to dispersal and reproduction.Many insects benefit from the same strategy. Although a butterfly larva feeds voraciously, often on a very specific set of host plant species, the adult does not grow. If it feeds, it does so only to maintain energy reserves required for dispersal and reproduction. The monarch butterfly exemplifies this strategy. Its larvae feed specifically on milkweeds. Monarch pupae also develop on this host plant. The emerging adults migrate long distances----from all over eastern North America to nine small sites in theSierra Madre mountains of Mexico. There, females become sexually mature and migrate north, mating along the way and feeding only to maintain energy reserves. In thisexample, the feeding specialist stage is again separated from the dispersal and reproduction stages.In the previous examples, the reproductive function is delegated to the adult. Under certain ecological conditions, however, it is apparently advantageous for reproduction to occur in the larval stage. Thus, even the reproductive function typically fulfilled by the adult can apparently be modified under certain circumstances. Species that show this modification of a metamorphic lifecycle are said to demonstrate neoteny, a life cycle in which the larvae of some populations or races become sexually mature and no longer metamorphose into adult. Some populations of the salamander Ambystoma maculatum show this trait. In fact, the larvae of this species were originally classified as a separate species before it was recognized that they are neotenic forms.The selective factors leading to neoteny are not well understood. We know, however, that neotenicforms are more frequently found in extreme environments, often high altitudes or latitudes. High-altitude populations of certain salamanders have higher frequencies of neoteny than do low-elevation population of these species. If the larval environment is rich compared to the harsh adult environment, selection may favor neoteny. One research study, has ruled out simple food effects, supplemental food did not increase the frequency with which organisms reached the adult stage. This suggests that neoteny may be a genetically determined feature of some amphibian life histories.Paragraph 1Organisms that metamorphose undergo radical changes over the course of their life cycle. A frog egg hatches a tadpole that metamorphoses into an adult frog within a few days or weeks. A fruit fly egg hatches a larva that feeds for a few hours or days and then enters the pupal stage during which it develops a protective covering. The changes that occur during the metamorphosis of a single species may be so great that the species occupies two separate and very different niches or places in an environment at different times. In fact, the larvae of two species may be more similar to each other than to the corresponding adult forms of their own species.1.The word “radical” in the passage is closest in meaning toextremedistinctiveperiodicstructural2.According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the organisms that become fruitflies?They feed during the pupal stage.They become winged insects several days after the larvae hatch from eggs.They remain in the larval stage longer than they remain in the pupal stage.They need to be protected during the larval stage in order to reach the pupal stage.Paragraph 2Organisms that utilize different resources at different stages of their life cycle face an unusual evolutionary problem, exploiting different niches may be difficult with a single body plan. The solution is a juvenile (immature) form specialized for one niche, followed by metamorphosis to an entirely new body plan, adapted to a different niche in the adult. Clearly, species that metamorphose must undertake complex genetic and physiological processes in the transformation. These changes require complex regulatory mechanisms that involve turning onand off many genes at appropriate times. In addition, the reorganization of the body plan in a metamorphic species entails considerable energy costs. What sorts of ecological advantages could outweigh these complications?3.It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that an advantage of metamorphosis is that it enablesorganisms todevelop regulatory mechanisms for turning genes on and offoccupy different niches at different parts of the life cycleundertake complex genetic and physiological processesreduce their energy costs4.Why does the author ask the question “What sorts of ecological advantages could outweighthese complications?”To suggest that there is no single advantage but many advantagesTo challenge the idea that metamorphic transformations are always beneficialTo prepare readers for a discussion that may explain why metamorphosis occursTo identify a particular aspect of metamorphosis that is poorly understoodParagraph 3One prevailing hypothesis is that metamorphic species specialize so as to exploit habitats with high but transient (short term) productivity----and hence high potential for growth. Part of this strategy is that specializations for feeding, dispersal, and reproduction are separated across stages. A frog tadpole occupies an aquatic environment (such as a pond) with extremely high potential for growth. The existence of the pond or its high production may be transient, however. Whereas an aquatic larva is not capable of dispersal to new ponds if its habitat becomes unsuitable, the adult frog is. In this case rapid growth in the larva is separated from dispersal and reproduction in the adult. Although the adult feeds, its growth rate is far less than that of the tadpole. The energy adults obtain from feeding is dedicated to dispersal and reproduction.5.The word “exploit” in the passage is closest in meaning toidentifyadapt touse to advantagebecome established in6.According to paragraph 3, by changing from a tadpole into an adult frog, an adult frog is abletomaintain a high growth rateprovide a safer habitat for its offspringobtain more foodmove to a more suitable locationParagraph 4Many insects benefit from the same strategy. Although a butterfly larva feeds voraciously, often on a very specific set of host plant species, the adult does not grow. If it feeds, it does so only tomaintain energy reserves required for dispersal and reproduction. The monarch butterfly exemplifies this strategy. Its larvae feed specifically on milkweeds. Monarch pupae also develop on this host plant. The emerging adults migrate long distances----from all over eastern North America to nine small sites in the Sierra Madre mountains of Mexico. There, females become sexually mature and migrate north, mating along the way and feeding only to maintain energy reserves. In this example, the feeding specialist stage is again separated from the dispersal and reproduction stages.7.According to paragraph 3 and 4, what do frogs and butterflies have in common?Adults of both reproduce only when there is enough food in a habitat to sustain their offspring.Adults of both eat only enough to supply the energy needed for dispersal and reproduction.Immature forms of both disperse to new habitats when the habitats they are in can no longer sustain them.Immature forms of both depend on aquatic environments.8.The phrase “the same strategy” in the passage refers todispersing to new habitats as adultsspending most of the life cycle on dispersal and reproductionfeeding on a specific set of host plant speciesseparating specialization for feeding from dispersal and reproductionParagraph 5In the previous examples, the reproductive function is delegated to the adult. Under certain ecological conditions, however, it is apparently advantageous for reproduction to occur in theoriginally classified as a separate species before it was recognized that they are neotenicforms.9.The word “apparently” in the passage is closest in meaning tousuallyespeciallyseeminglycertainly10.According to paragraph 5, why were the larvae of some populations of the salamanderspecies Ambystoma maculatum once thought to be members of a separate species?Because they were shaped differently than other larvae of Ambystoma maculatum.Because they were discovered far away from other members of Ambystoma maculatum.Because they were sexually mature and could reproduce.Because the neotenic form of Ambystoma maculatum looks very different from the neotenic forms of other salamanders.Paragraph 6The selective factors leading to neoteny are not well understood. We know, however, that neotenicforms are more frequently found in extreme environments, often high altitudes or latitudes. High-altitude populations of certain salamanders have higher frequencies of neoteny than do low-elevation population of these species. If the larval environment is rich compared to the harsh adult environment, selection may favor neoteny. One research study, has ruled out simple food effects, supplemental food did not increase the frequency with which organisms reached the adult stage. This suggests that neoteny may be a genetically determined feature of some amphibian life histories.11.The word “harsh” in the passage is closest in meaning toseveretypicalrestrictedavailable12.Paragraph 6 indicates that greater frequency of neoteny in salamanders may be associatedwith all of the following EXCEPTan environment that is richer for larvae than for adultsan inadequate food supply for larvaea high-altitude locationa genetic makeup favoring neotenyParagraph 2Organisms that utilize different resources at different stages of their life cycle face an unusual evolutionary problem, exploiting different niches may be difficult with a single body plan. ■The solution is a juvenile (immature) form specialized for one niche, followed by metamorphosis to an entirely new body plan, adapted to a different niche in the adult. ■Clearly, species that metamorphose must undertake complex genetic and physiological processes in the transformation. ■These changes require complex regulatory mechanisms that involve turning on and off many genes at appropriate times. ■In addition, the reorganization of the body plan in a metamorphic species entails considerable energy costs. What sorts of ecological advantages could outweigh these complications?13.Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added tothe passage.Metamorphosis, however, comes with its own set of difficulties.Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.This question is worth 2 points.Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong. To review the passage, click on View Text.Answer ChoicesOrganisms that metamorphose use resources less efficiently than do organisms with a single body plan.Because of the high energy costs associated with metamorphosis, only a few types of niches are rich enough to support metamorphic species.The larvae of some population found in extreme environments reproduce atthe juvenile stage and never achieve the adult form. In many metamorphic species, the juvenile stage is focused on eating and growing and the adult stage is focused on dispersal and reproduction.Some population remain at the larval stage in part because they lack sufficient nutrition to metamorphose into adults.。
濒危物种的田野调查报告范文
濒危物种的田野调查报告范文英文回答：Endangered Species Field Study Report.Introduction.Endangered species are those facing a high risk of extinction. Field surveys play a crucial role in understanding the status, distribution, and threats to these species. This report presents the findings of a field study conducted to assess the population of the critically endangered Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) in the Russian Far East.Methodology.The study was conducted using a camera trapping method.A total of 50 camera traps were deployed in the study area for a period of 3 months. The cameras were placed atstrategic locations to maximize the likelihood of capturing images of leopards. The data collected from the camera traps were analyzed using specialized software to identify individual leopards and estimate population size.Results.The camera trapping survey yielded a total of 1,200 images of animals, including 120 images of Amur leopards. The analysis of the images revealed that there are an estimated 80-100 Amur leopards remaining in the wild. The study also identified several factors that are threatening the survival of the species, including habitat loss, poaching, and prey depletion.Conclusion.The results of this field study provide valuable insights into the status of the Amur leopard population. The population is extremely small and faces numerous threats. Urgent conservation measures are needed to protect the remaining individuals and ensure the survival of thiscritically endangered species.中文回答：濒危物种田野调查报告。
毕金献冲刺试题解析阅读理解全文翻译.
毕金献冲刺试题解析阅读理解全文翻译
量就会逐渐“回落”。会感到紧张或不适吗?都会的。但一旦我们把肌肉衰竭当作 运动的目标，这些就会变成一种愉悦的感觉。
我们的目标不只是在运动的时候燃烧卡路里，而是要让身体全天候的燃烧热 量。跑几英里路我们会出汗，但跑 1 英里只能燃烧 100 卡路里的热量，也不能促 进骨骼或肌肉的发展。力量训练也许也不能燃烧卡路里，但在我们把肌肉推向衰 竭的过程中，我们却经历着生理上的变化。随着肌肉在几天内的恢复，它会逐渐 增厚，新的肌肉组织将需要更多营养。到增加了三磅肌肉的时候，每个月我们的 身体将需要额外的 9000 卡路里来达到平衡，这时逐步控制饮食，脂肪很快就会 不翼而飞。
20 世纪之交的稳步改革运动遵循着同样的道德原则。如 Hofstadter 所指出 的，稳步改革运动是以个人责任意识和公民意识的基本道德准则为坚实基础的。 在当前运动的目的和它对解决酒后驾车问题的提议的看法中，我们也可以看到这 种态度。现有组织有两个最重要的项目目标：一是旨在让人们认识酒后驾车是错 误的公众意识运动，二是旨在把这一信息灌输给年轻驾车者的青年教育计划。
毕金献冲刺试题解析阅读理解全文翻译
毕金献冲刺试题解析 partA 阅读理解全文翻译 Model Test 1 Text 1
研究人员说，到 2015 年，全球将有一半人口会说英语或者学习英语。英国 委员会预测说，未来十年内会有 20 亿人学习英语，会说英语的人口将达到 30 亿。
其他语种，比如法语，将会沦落成“语言全球化”的牺牲品。不过据《英语 的未来》的作者大卫·格兰德说，英语的蓬勃发展将终止于 2050 年，此后，英 语语言教学自身将会成为英语扩张的受害者。
第三类是婚姻不幸的夫妇，他们选择生活在一起是出于对孩子的经济责任 感。这或许是因为离异要付出昂贵的代价，或许是因为婚姻会带来消费福利。这 一群体人数众多。家庭的形成、维持和解体在很大程度上取决于夫妇双方给婚姻 所带来的利益与婚姻成本之间的相对平衡。一个家庭形成带来的主要利益是消费 可能性加大。从这样一种合伙关系中获得的利益主要依据夫妻双方给婚姻带来的 资源的相对差异和基本财富。如果双方经济实力相当，那么维系家庭的经济凝聚 力就要小些。既然社会认为家庭行使着重要的职能，就会形成一个复杂的社会和 法律扶持的网络来强化婚姻。不同收入阶层的婚姻稳定性的差异可以用社会采用 的对家庭解体收费的差异来解释。
2020-2021学年四川省广元市苍溪中学高三英语上学期期末试题含解析
2020-2021学年四川省广元市苍溪中学高三英语上学期期末试题含解析一、选择题1. Each of them knew the probable purpose of ________ in standing there, and neither spoke.A. the otherB. anotherC. othersD. the others参考答案：A2. —How much do I owe you for the beautiful dress?—_______. It’s a gift for your birthday.A. Forget itB. My pleasureC. Think nothing of itD. It's for free参考答案：A3. ---- Aren’t you cold?----____. I’m boiling.A. Take it easy.B. That’s all right.C. Not a little.D. Far from it.参考答案：D4. If you are hunting chance to improve yourself in English，I think the English corner will be smart choice.A．a；a B．a；the C. the；a D．the；the参考答案：A5. What the scientist said sounded strange, ______ ,they made sense.A. thereforeB. howeverC. sinceD. otherwise参考答案：B6.A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for one’s health.A. show; areB. shows; isC. show; isD. shows; are参考答案：B解析：本题考查主谓一致。
1990年考研英语真题及解析
1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］,and ［D］. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the wholepassage before making your choice. (10 points)①No one knows for sure what the world would be like in the year 2001. ②Many books havebeen written 1 the future. ③But the 19th-century French novelist Jules Verne may be calleda futurologist in the fullest 2 of the word. ④In his fantastic novels “A Trip to the Moon” and “80 Days Around the World,” he described with detail the aeroplane and even the helicopter.⑤These novels still have a great attraction 3 young readers of today because of their bold imagination and scientific accuracy.⑥Below is a description of what our life will be in the year 2001 as predicted by a 4 writer.⑦In 2001, in the home, cookers will be set so that you can cook a complete meal at the touch of a switch.⑧Television will provide information on prices at the 5 shops as well as news and entertainment. ⑨Videophones will bring pictures as well as 6 to telephone conversations.⑩Machines will control temperature, lighting, entertainment, security alarms, laundry and gardening.○11Lighting will provide decoration as well as wallpaper.○12At work, robots will take 7 most jobs in the manufacturing industries. ○13Working hours14Holidays will get longer; six weeks will be the normalwill fall to under 30 hours a week. ○annual holiday. ○15Men and women will retire at the same age.○16Our leisure will be different too. ○17The home will become the center of entertainment through television and electronic games. ○18More people will eat out in restaurants 8 they do today;also they will have a much wider variety of food available. ○19There will be a change of taste towards a more savoury-flavored menu. ○20New synthetic foods will form a 9 part of people’ｓdiets.○21Foreign travel will 10 ; winter holidays will become more popular than summer ones. ○22Also non-stop flights from Britain to Australia and New Zealand will be easily available and much cheaper. ○23Education will become increasingly more important than ever before.（321 words）1. ［A］in ［B］of ［C］about ［D］for2. ［A］sense ［B］meaning ［C］detail ［D］implication3. ［A］for ［B］of ［C］on ［D］towards4. ［A］today ［B］nowadays ［C］present-day ［D］present5. ［A］near ［B］nearby ［C］nearly ［D］nearer6. ［A］noise ［B］sound ［C］tone ［D］tune7. ［A］to ［B］away ［C］off ［D］over8. ［A］than ［B］as ［C］when ［D］while9. ［A］usual ［B］popular ［C］daily ［D］regular10.［A］add ［B］increase ［C］raise ［D］arise一、文章结构分析本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在一位现代作家眼中，2001年的世界将会变成什么样子。
研究工具《动物解放》第2章彼得辛格着祖述宪译-动物权利在中国(ARC)
研究工具《动物解放》第2章彼得·辛格著祖述宪译第二章研究的工具……——你们交纳的税钱在干这些事情·许多实验造成动物极大的痛苦，却不能给人类带来好处32·成千上万的心理学实验，除了引起大量的动物极度痛苦以外，并不能提供真正重要的知识51·很多开发医药产品的动物试验，无助于改善我们的健康63·无数实验动物的剧烈痛苦本是可以避免的，替代方法正在迅速发展·很多动物实验研究进行了几十年，最终证明毫无意义·大多数动物实验是没有意义的，相似的实验在无休止地重复·物种歧视把动物视为实验用的设备和工具·科学体制的力量以及政府机构和利益集团的支持，阻止动物实验立法加以控制·美国“这个国家就动物保护立法而言，似乎是一个野蛮人的国度”·当一项实验值得使用严重脑损伤的人进行时，用动物做实验才是合理的·不能因为动物实验对我们人类有益，在伦理上就变得合理许多实验造成动物极大的痛苦，却不能给人类带来任何好处1987年，美国上映一部十分卖座的电影，片名叫《X计划》。
这部影片让很多美国人头一回目睹他们的军队所进行的动物实验。
影片的主要情节是：空军设计了一种实验，试图了解黑猩猩在受到放射线照射后，是否还能操纵一种模拟飞机，继续“飞行”。
被派往实验室值班的一位年轻的空军学员，对其中一只黑猩猩萌生怜爱之情，能和它用手势语言进行交流。
当轮到这只黑猩猩接受实验照射时，这个青年人（自然是在他妩媚动人的女友帮助下）决心把它放走。
虽然影片的情节纯属虚构，但这种实验则是真实的。
作为原型的动物实验已在得克萨斯的布鲁克斯空军基地进行了多年，而且类似的实验仍然在做。
但是，电影观众未能从中窥见实验的全部内容。
影片中黑猩猩的遭遇，把实验的真实情况大大地淡化了。
因此，还是让我们来看看布鲁克斯空军基地的文件中所描述的实验的真情实景。
像影片中一样，实验用一种飞行模拟器，称之为“灵长类动物平衡平台”。
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Abstract: Movements of eastern wild turkey hens (Mcleagris gaUapavo silvestris) were monitored using radio telemeoy on the Coweeta Hydrologk Laboratory in Western North Carolina during 1985-47. Turkeys C/v = 15) responded to the use of dogs for bear hunting by temporarily abandoning portions of their established home ranges and relocating to imhvnta< areas during the 2-month season. Hens returned to abandoned areas soon after hunting ceased and when dogs were not used lor hunting. No mortality of turkeys was detected during bear season, the rapid return of hens to former ranges suggests that unnamed habitats were crowded or that preferred habitats on Cowccta were not available to turkeys during bear hunts. Proc. Armu. Conf. Southeast Assoc. Fsh and Wild). Agencies 44304-309
The eastern wild turkey is more tolerant of human disturbance than was formerly bought. For example, wild turkeys have been successfully established in Midwestern farm woodlots and other areas in close proximity to humans (Wunz 1971, 1985; Little 1980; Clark 1985). Even intensive hunting pressure for big- and small-game species other than turkeys does not appear to adversely affect established populations (Everett et al. 1978a, Folk and Marchinton 1980). These studies, however, evaluated short-term hunting seasons, usually without the use of dogs for chase, with frequent periods of no hunting activity. The effect of long seasons involving high hunter densities and dogs has not-been evaluated for wild turkeys. Dogs accompanying hunters may be more disturbing to wild turkeys than the presence of hunters alone. Everett et. al (1978o) observed gobblers moving 1.1 to 1.4 km to unhunted areas during short hunts using dogs for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginiamis). Although these movements were within established ranges, they indicated mat the sound of barking dogs disrupts the daily activities of 'Present Address: Department of Forest Resources, University of Arkansas at Monricello. Monticello AR 71655
1990 Proc. Amu. Conf. SEAFWA
Turkey Movements
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turkeys. Hunters and dogs may keep turkeys scattered during fall seasons (Schaffer and Gwynn 1967). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of bear hunting with dogs on wild turkey movements. This study was supported by B. Hyder, formerly of the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; R. Davis, demson University; The National Wild Turkey Federation, particularly the North Carolina State Chapter, and die USDA Forest Service, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina. Methods The study area was the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, located in Macon County in the southwest corner of North Carolina. The Laboratory consists of 2,270 ha adjoining the Nantahala National Forest on the north, west, and south; h consists of 2 basins: Coweeta and Dryraan Fork. The terrain is steep and rugged, with elevations ranging from 677-1,592 m. Annual precipitation averages 170 cm at the lower elevations ID 250 cm in higher coves. Less than 2% of the precipitation is in the form of snow. Like most National Forest lands in the southern Appalachians, the forest cover is predominantly hardwood, with species composition varying with elevation, aspect, and slope position. Coves are typically dominated by yellow-poplar (JLiriodendron tulipifera), with northern red oak (Quercus rubra), cucumber-tree (Magnolia acuminata), red maple (Acer rubrum), and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) present in varying amounts. Xeric ridges consist of pitch pine (Pinus rigida), scarlet oak (Q. coccined), hickory (Carya spp.), and other upland hardwoods. Northern aspects contain sugar maple (A. saechanaii), beech (Fagus grandtfblia), and birch (Betula. spp.); streams and tow moist slopes have white pine (P. srrobus) and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) in pure or mixed stands (Luckett 1980). The laboratory was formed in 1933, and except for experimental treatments, there have been no further disturbances. Treatments have included light selection harvesting, clearcuuing without roads and no stems removed, commercial clearcutting, woodland grazing, agricultural cropping, conversion of mixed hardwoods to white pine, and conversion of hardwood stands to grass (Swank and Douglass 1977). North Carolina presently holds a season for black bear (Urstu americarua) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in mountainous regions of the state. Dogs are used for chase during the >2-month-long season, which occurs during October-December. On areas with good bear populations, hunter pressure is high and almost constant throughout the season. Other species hunted during this period include deer, grouse (Bonasa umbelhu), and squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis and Tamiasciurus hudsarucus). The laboratory, the private land near it, and some adjacent public land is open to bear hunting from mid-October through the end of December. Bear hunting is not allowed during the 3-week deer season which occurs during November and December. Dogs are not allowed during the deer hunting season, and hunter density 1990 Frae. Aura. Corf. SEAFWA