评山东英语卷“阅读理解”部分
2022年山东省潍坊市中考英语试卷和答案

2022年山东省潍坊市中考英语试卷和答案一、阅读理解(共15题;每题2分,满分30分)阅读下列语篇,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
1.(6分)Miss Bradley:Debbie?The people at SunnyBank—you know,thehome for old people—want someone to give atalk.Could you do it?Debbie:Me?Stand upand talk?I can't do that.Miss B:Debbie,it's not abig deal.Jess:Why not,Debbie?I mean,the old peoplearen't going to laugh orbe nasty.Debbie:No,I know.But…oh,I don't know.I'm justnot brave enough,that'sall.I can't do it,and that's that.Jess:Here she comes.Go on,Pete.Pete:OK.Well,look—it's yellow Debbie.The school chicken.Debbie:I beg your pardon?Pete:I hear you won't give a talk at Sunny Bank.Ooh,all those scary old people!It's a bit pathetic,eh,Debbie?Debbie:Chicken?Pathetic?No one calls me that!Debbie:Miss Bradley?I've changed my mind.I want to do the talk after all.Miss B:Good for you,Debbie.How aboutFriday,around 5o'clock?Jess:It worked!Welldone,Pete.Pete:Thanks.But I don'tthink I can ever talk toDebbie again!(1)Miss Bradley asks Debbie to .A.give a speechB.go to a bankC.stand up and talkD.look after old people(2)What does the underlined word chicken in Picture 3 probably mean in Chinese?A.小鸡B.勇士C.胆小鬼D.大明星(3)By saying such words,Jess and Pete's real purpose is to .A.talk to DebbieB.encourage Debbieugh at DebbieD.make Debbie angry2.(8分)Margaret Ann Bulkley was born around 1789,in Ireland.She had big dreams. "I want to be a doctor!" But two hundred years ago a girl couldn't become a doctor.Her uncle,James Barry,wasa great painter.And his friend General Miranda had a librarywith more than 6,000 books.Margaret loved reading there.Her intelligence impressed him.Years later,her uncle James Barry died,leaving her some money.It was enough to study to be a doctor."But a girl can't become a doctor," said Margaret sadly."Yes,you can!" said General Miranda. "All you have to do is to disguise as a boy." Margaret really wanted to be a doctor.So she cut off her long hair,practiced speaking in a deep voice,and put on boy's clothes.She also named herself James Barry.From then on,Margaret Ann Bulkley disappeared.She became James Barry and entered Edinburgh University.He took 13 subjects and worked all through the summer when the other students went on holiday.Barry graduated in 1812 and decided to join the BritishArmy.In his life,Dr.James Barry travelled all over the world,helping to save many lives.Before retirement,Barry had risen to the second﹣highest medical officer in the British Army.Barry improved the conditions for not only wounded soldiers but also the local people,and performed the first recorded successful caesarean section(剖宫产)in Africa.The secret Dr.James Barry kept for over fifty years was only known after his death in 1865.(1)Who played the most important role in Margaret's becoming a doctor?A.General Miranda.B.Her uncle James Barry.C.A soldier in the British Army.D.A professor from Edinburgh University.(2)What does the underlined word disguise in paragraph 3 mean?A.Change one's clothes.B.Dress like a doctor.C.Change one's appearance.D.Dress like a gentleman.(3)Which was Dr.James Barry's achievement in his job?A.Becoming the highest officer in the British Army.B.Graduating from the most famous medical university.C.Improving medical conditions for the wounded soldiers.D.Doing the world's first recorded caesarean section successfully.(4)What was the secret Dr.James Barry kept for over fifty years?A.James Barry left much money.B.Dr.James Barry was a woman.C.Margaret died in her twenties.D.General Miranda helped Margaret a lot.3.(8分)What do three hearts,eight arms and one huge brain add up to?An octopus,a creature that can do amazing things.Octopuses are very clever.As they don't have teeth or sharp claws to defend themselves,they have ever learnt a few tricks to get out of dangerous situations.Do you know how they do that?They often hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor.Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks.Because octopuses have very soft bodies,they can hide themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get rid of enemies.The octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand.This color change happens in less than a minute.Another way an octopus can protect itself is by shooting ink.It can shoot ink into the water.The ink forms a cloud to blind its enemies.It's like a magician doing a disappearing act.If an octopus is being attacked,it can make itself look like a sea snake.It will bury itself in the sand except two arms.It will change the color of those arms to match a sea snake.But what if there's no time to escape?It can break off one of its arms.The arm will then change colors and move around the water.As the enemy starts chasing after the arm,the octopus can swim away quickly.Don't worry,though.The octopus' arm will grow back soon.(1)How many tricks are mentioned in the text?A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.(2)Why is an octopus like a chameleon?A.It has three hearts.B.It has eight arms.C.It can make itself look like a snake.D.It can change the color of its skin.(3)What does an octopus do in time of great danger?A.Run after its enemy.B.Break off one arm.C.Fight with sharp teeth.D.Move around the water.(4)What is the best title for this text?A.Adventures in waterB.Magician of the seaC.Soft bodies between rocksD.Enemy behind the cloud4.(8分)Are you suffering from insomnia(失眠)now?It's true that many people are deeply bothered by insomnia.(1)Sleep expert Michael Grandner offers top three tips.Make a plan and stick to it.Melatonin(褪黑素)is produced by the body to control when you get sleepy and when you wake up.As night falls,the levels of melatonin rise,becoming a signal to the body that it's time forbed.And the levels naturally fall as daylight comes near,getting you ready to greet the day.(2)So if your bedtime and wake﹣up time change from day to day,your body doesn't know how to react.So it's important to have a regular bedtime and wake﹣up time,even on weekends.(3)In fact,this tip is so powerful that it can even beat sleep medicine. "Whenever you've been awake for 20 or 30 minutes,either the beginning or the middle of the night,get up.Maybe you just need five minutes to get sleepy,or maybe an hour,but don't spend that time in bed," says Grandner.Change your attitude about sleep.Many people see sleeping as the final thing they have to do in a busy day,worth delaying to catch up on housework,schoolwork or others.(4)"See your sleep as the amount of time you need in order to set yourself up for a productive tomorrow.It may sound like a small change,but it's an important one," Grandner adds.A.Don't lie in bed awake.B.Take some medicine if you need.C.That thought needs to be changed.D.In fact,we can train our brain to fall asleep.E.The release(释放)of melatonin needs to be at regular times.二、语言知识运用(每小题10分)5.(10分)The environment is everything around us in the natural world.It is the earth,the air,rivers,lakes,forests and seas.These are(1)human beings depend on for a living.All natural waste is (2).Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures,like those worms in the soil.This is their(3).The carbon dioxide that people and animals breathe(呼吸)out is used by plants to breathe and help them (4).Plants give out oxygen which people and animals need to breathe in.Plants(5)water through their roots.They pass it out through their leaves(6)moisture(水分).This moisture,together with water vapour coming from rivers and seas,rises and turns into water droplets and forms rger water droplets then fall down in the form of (7).In this way,the water goes (8)to the earth,rivers and seas to be used again.However,humans have made a lot of changes to the earth.The technology and industry have made life (9),but they also produce a lot of new waste.Nature finds this new waste hardor(10)to recycle.Man shall deal with this problem before it is too late.(1)A.how B.what C.which D.where(2)A.avoided B.allowed C.reduced D.recycled(3)A.food B.hobby C.method D.support(4)A.grow B.continue C.progress D.increase(5)A.put away B.give off C.take up D.hold on(6)A.like B.with C.in D.as(7)A.wind B.rain C.storm D.shower(8)A.forward B.about C.back D.away(9)A.slower B.easier C.heavier D.cheaper(10)A.helpful B.valuable C.impossible D.unnecessary三、阅读下面短文,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助动词。
2022年山东省泰安市中考英语试卷和答案解析

2022年山东省泰安市中考英语试卷和答案解析第I卷(共80分)第一部分听力(共25小题;1- 20小题每题1分,21- 25 小题每题2分,共30分)(一)听句子,选择适当的应答语。
每个句子读两遍。
1.(5分)(1)A.It's sunny.B.It's March 16th.C.It's Saturday.(2)A.At the bus stop.B.Tomorrow morning.C.Three days ago.(3)A.Eat mooncakes.B.Make noodles.C.Eat zongzi.(4)A.Yes,open it.B.You are welcome.C.Certainly not.(5)A.My pleasure.B.I agree with you.C.That's right.(二)听五段对话,选择正确答案。
每段对话读两遍。
你将有20秒钟的时间阅读下面5个小题。
2.(5分)(1)What's the relationship between the speakers?A.Doctor and patient.B.Father and son.C.Teacher and student.(2)Where is Mr.Smith now?A.At the supermarket.B.In his office.C.At home.(3)What does Alice look like?A.She has short curly hair.B.She wears glasses.C.She has long red hair.(4)How long did John read English before breakfast?A.For twenty minutes.B.For half an hour.C.For forty minutes.(5)How much is a glass of coffee?A.2 dollars.B.3 dollars.C.9 dollars.(三)听两段长对话,选择正确答案。
2024年山东省青岛市中考英语试卷(附答案)

2024年⻘岛市初中学业⽔平考试英语试题(考试时间:100分钟满分:90分)说明:1.本试卷分为第1卷和第1卷两部分,共六⼤题。
第1卷包含对话理解、完形填空和阅读理解,共35⼩题;第Ⅱ卷包含短⽂填空、阅读表达和书⾯表达,共18⼩题。
2.所有题⽬均在答题卡上作答,在试题上作答⽆效。
第I卷(满分40分)I.对话理解(本题10⼩题,每⼩题1分,共10分)阅读下列对话,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填⼊空⽩处的最佳选项。
(Li Lei is going to graduate from junior high school and some unforgettable moments flash…)SCENE ONE: the second week in Grade 7 at schoolLi Lei: Hi, Peter. How do you get to school?Peter: I ride a bike. It takes about fifteen 1 .Li Lei: There are so many clubs in our school. What club do you want to join?Peter: I like running. My favorite subject is P.E. 2 it’s interesting.I will join the 3 .Li Lei: I can sing well, so I want to join the music club. I can also be a volunteer to teach kids music. Peter: 4 cool.1. A. minutes B. hours C. days D. weeks2. A. if B. when C. because D. unless3. A. music B. sports C. art D. chess4. A. Tastes B. Looks C. Sounds D. SmellsSCENE TWO: after a math exam in Grade 8 at homeLi Lei: Mom, I study harder, but I still get poor grades in math. And something goes wrong5 my best friend and me, I often feel lonely and nervous.Mom: Problems and worries are 6 . I’m glad you share them with me. Talking with others is a good way to get on with them. the 7 thing is to do nothing. For math, you canask your teacher for some advice.Li Lei: OK. I’ll try to do that. Thank you, Mom. I love you.5. A. above B. over C. around D. between6. A. relaxing B. interesting C. normal D. easy7. A. cleverest B. worst C. luckiest D. funniestSCENE THREE: the last week in Grade 9 in the classroomLiu Yu: What are you doing, Li Lei?Li Lei: I am writing thank-you cards for our teachers.Liu Yu: Which teacher will you miss the most after graduation?Li Lei: Ms. Wang. She 8 me to do better in math. And she helped me solve problemsby 9 . Who will you miss?Liu Yu: Mr. Brown. He was 10 patient with me and gave me a lot of advice on how to learnEnglish.Li Lei: I think I’ll remember all my teachers.8. A. invited B. guided C. ordered D. needed9. A. ourselves B. themselves C. myself D. himself10. A. never B. hardly C. seldom D. alwaysII.完形填空(本題10⼩題,每⼩題1分,共10分)阅读下⾯短⽂,从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出可以填⼊空⽩处的最佳选项 It was December and the snow was falling quietly outside The four March sisters, Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy, were sitting 11 the fire. They were knitting(编织) socks for soldiers (⼠兵). There was a war and everyone had to help. The festival was coming, but they wouldn’t get any12 from their mother, Mrs. March.“We’ve got Father and Mother, and each other,” said Beth. They looked happy when hearing this. Then Jo said, “But it is a 13 that our father is far away with thesoldiers.”Nobody spoke for a minute, and then Meg said, “Mother says our men areat war and we mustn’t spend money for pleasure. That’s 14 we can’t have presents this year. ”Although they would have no presents, they each had a dollar. They beganto share what they wanted to buy. Jo would like to buy a book for herselfbecause she was a book lover. Beth planned to spend hers on new music. Sheplayed the piano and loved singing. Amy would like a nice box of drawingpencils, for she wanted to be a(n) 15 .Jo thought Mother didn’t say anything about their money and she wouldn’t wish them to give up 16 . They worked hard so they 17 buy what they wanted each and had a little fun. It was true. The two elder sisters had jobs.Just then the clock struck (敲) six. Beth 18 and put her mother’s slippers near the fire to warm.“Those slippers are very old.” said Jo, “Mother needs some new ones.”“I can buy a pair of her with my 19 dollar,” said Beth.“No, I’m the oldest,” Meg said “I want to buy the slippers for her.”“No, it’s my job,” said Jo. “Father told me to take care of Mother while he was away.”“I have an idea,” said Beth. “Don’t buy presents for ourselves. Get some for Mother 20 .” Her sisters thought that was a very good idea.Adaption (改编) from Little Women by Louisa May Alcott11. A. aroundB. withoutC. aboveD. except 12 A. presentsB. food С. money D. hugs 13.A. jokeB. surpriseC. pityD. pleasure 14. A. bowB. whyC. whereD. when 15. A. singerB. dancerC. artistD. actress16. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything17. A. should B. would C. must D. could18. A. got up B. woke up C. showed up D. stayed up19. A. useless B. secret C. own D. borrowed20. A. though B. instead C. already D. yetIII. 阅读理解(本题15⼩题,A、B篇每⼩题1分,C篇每⼩题2分,共20分)阅读A、B两个⽂本,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
2020年山东省各地市中考英语试卷附答案解析版

毕业学校姓名准考证号绝密★启用前在2020 年山东省滨州市初中学业水平考试英 语温馨提示:此1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分,共 18 页。
满分 150 分。
考试用时 120 分钟。
考试结束后,将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
2. 答卷前,考生务必用 0.5 毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座号填写在试卷 题卷和答题卡规定的位置上。
3. 第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后,用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
答案不能答在试题卷上。
4. 第Ⅱ卷必须用 0.5 毫米黑色签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内上相应的位置,不能写在试题卷上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第I 卷(选择题 共 100 分)答一、听力选择(共 20 小题,计 30 分。
每小题约有 8 秒钟的答题时间。
)(一)录音中有五个句子,听句子两遍后,从每小题 A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出能对每个句子做出适当反应的答语。
1. A. Yes, I am. B. No, I can’t. C. Yes, I do.题2. A. You are welcome. B. It doesn’t matter. C. Sure, it’s over there.3. A. Four kilos. B. Three dollars. C. Five hours.4. A. Much better.B. Never mind.C. Sorry to hear that. 无5. A. I can play the guitar.B. I like country music.C. My favorite singer is Jack.(二)录音中有五组对话和五个问题,听对话和问题两遍后,从每小题A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。
初中英语 2024年山东省青岛市中考英语试卷

2024年山东省青岛市中考英语试卷(10分)(Li Lei is going to graduate from junior high school and some unforgettable moments flash ...)SCENE ONE :the second week in Grade 7 at schoolLi Lei :Hi ,Peter .How do you get to school ?Peter :I ride a bike .It takes about fifteen (1).Li Lei :There are so many clubs in our school .What club do you want to join ?Peter :I like running .My favorite subject is PE (2)it 's interesting .I 'll join the (3)club .Li Lei :I can sing well ,so I want to join the music club .I can also be a volunteer to teach kids music .Peter :(4)cool .(1)A .minutes B .hours C .days D .weeks(2)A .if B .whenC .becauseD .unless(3)A .music B .sports C .art D .chess (4)A .TastesB .LooksC .SoundsD .SmellsSCENE TWO :after a math exam in Grade 8 at homeLi Lei :Mom ,I study harder ,but I still get poor grades in math .And something goes wrong (5) my best friendme .I often feel lonely and nervous .Mom :Problems and worries are (6) .I 'm glad you share them with me .Talking with others is a good way to getwith them .The (7)thing is to do nothing .For math ,you can ask your teacher for some advice .Li Lei :OK .I 'll try to do that .Thank you ,Mom .I love you .(5)A .above B .over C .around D .between (6)A .relaxing B .interesting C .normal D .easy(7)A .cleverestB .worstC .luckiestD .funniestSCENE THREE :the last week la Grade 9 in the classroomLiu Yu :What are you doing .Li Lei ?Li Lei :I am writing thank -you cards for our teachers .Liu Yu :Which teacher will you miss the most after graduation ?Li Lei :Ms .Wang .She (8) me to do better in math .And she helped me solve problems by (9).Who willmiss ?Liu Yu :Mr .Brown .He was (10)patient with me and gave me a lot of advice on how to learn English .Li Lei :I think I 'll remember all my teachers .(8)A .invited B .guided C .ordered D .needed1.第Ⅰ卷Ⅰ.对话理解(共10分) 阅读下列对话,从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2025届山东省济南市高三六校第一次联考英语试卷含解析

2025届山东省济南市高三六校第一次联考英语试卷注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)1.According to the company’s rule, one’s payment is ______ the work done, not to the time spent doing it.A.in proportion to B.in addition toC.in contrast to D.in regard to2.Keeping a regular sleep schedule is important for setting a baby's body clock,_______researchers note should be in place by about 4 months of age.A.whose B.which C.when D.where3.---The prices of vegetables are going up madly. It’s really too much for us.---But for the situation where many vegetable producing areas _____ constant low temperature, things would not be like this.A.meet with B.have met withC.met with D.had met with4.—I have got a headache.—No wonder.Y ou___in front of that computer too long.A.work B.are workingC.have been working D.worked5.—You ought to have made an apology to Tom yesterday evening.—Yes, I know I __ __.A.ought to have B.have to C.should D.must have6.________ online payment is safe, people will be more likely to link their bank cards to WeChat.A.Even though B.As thoughC.Ever since D.As long as7.— David is a green hand at such things.— But I believe he is quite ________ to the task.A.relevant B.accessibleC.equal D.unique8.In April,2009,President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao,____ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.A.marking B.markedC.having marked D.being marked9.As a teacher, you have to _____ your method to suit the needs of slower children.A.display B.testC.adjust D.transfer10.Considered to be a less dangerous to tobacco, "e-cigs" are taking over the West as more and more people switch over when trying to kick the habit.A.adjustment B.alternativeC.advertisement D.amusement11.We have no idea what air we will be breathing in the future if we anything to stop hazy weather. A.hadn’t done B.didn’t doC.haven’t done D.don’t do12.Many people fall into panic due to the earthquake and tsunami in Japan but experts don’t expect this to be ________ as proper measures have been taken.A.compulsory B.contemporary C.temporary D.permanent13.Will it be ages ______ he goes back to school? I'm so worried about him.A.before B.afterC.when D.as14.—Are we about to having dinner?—Yes, it ________ in the dining room.A.serve B.is servingC.is being served D.has been serving15.What he liked to do was to take an idea and ______ it by finding every possible consequence.A.squeeze B.wrestleC.switch D.shrink16.If you ever aren’t sure whether you have bought the very best smartphone, just _________ “good enough.”A.make for B.settle forC.answer for D.account for17.The world’s attention ________ China’s Belt and Road Initiative,as it has great influence on the world’s economy. A.is to fix on B.was fixed onC.has fixed on D.is being fixed on18.—Got your driving license?—No. I too busy to have enough practice, so I didn’t take th e driving test last week.A.was B.amC.have been D.had been19.— Do you like the book you father bought you?—Very much. It’s exactly______I wanted.A.which B.thatC.what D.how20.Children are likely to ________ some bad habits when playing the pian o if they don’t have proper lessons. A.keep up B.catch upC.pick up D.give up第二部分阅读理解(满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
山东省聊城市2024届高三下学期高考一模英语试卷(含答案)

This coloring book is specifically designed for children aged 8 to 14 and activities range from coloring to journaling and drawing, all of which are developed to help children deal with troubling situations. The different activities can be beneficial for self-expression.
But that's not true. We can enjoy being alone not everyone needs to be constantly surrounded by friends to be happy. And we shouldn't be afraid to eat alone if that's what we want to do. We don't have to do what everyone else does.
For me, it's easy to get pressured to have to be around other people when I see everyone else around me accompanied by a friend almost all the time. So many people are always around someone else, and that may make people think we always need someone with us to feel better about ourselves.
2019年山东省潍坊市中考英语试题(原卷+解析版)真题含答案

2019年山东省潍坊市中考英语试题一、阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A1. The poster gives information about .A. the man teacher B. English courses C. language schools in London D. different activities in Lanleygate2. How much do you have to pay for both Speaking and Writing ? A. £95 B. £125 C. £155 D. £2203. If Leo is free on Sunday afternoon ,he can . A. improve his listening ability B. join the possible smallest class C. have a native teacher D. Learn how to write in English BWhen he was a teenager ,Hunter Adams was very unhappy ,and he spent many years in the 1960s and 1970s in a special hospital for people with mental(精神的) health problems .When he left hospital ,Adams decided to become a doctor ,so he went to Medical School inVirginia ,USA ,But when he was there he did things in a different way .For example ,he didn’t like the doctor’s white coats .he preferred to wea r shirts with flowers on them when he visited his patients ,and he tried to make them laugh .The doctors at the medical school didn’t like Adams very much because he was to different .But Adams believed that people in hospital need more than medicine .He saw unhappy and lonely people ,and he tried to help them as patients ,but as people too .He spent a lot of time with children in the hospital ,and often put a special red nose on his face to look like a clown and to make the children laugh . When he finished medical school and became a doctor ,Adams opened his own hospital ,called “the Gesundheit Institute” ,together with some other doctors .They wanted it to be a place in a different way of working with sick people .Hunter Adams became famous during the 1980s ,and in 1998 ,Universal Pictures made a film about his life .It was very successful .In the film(called Patch Adams) ,Robin Williams played Adams .Williams said , “Hunter is a really warm person ,who believes that patients need a doctor who’s friend .I enjoyed playing him .”4. What probably made Hunter decide to be a doctor ?A. His interest in medicine.B. His idea to open a hospital.C. His early experience as a teenager.D. His love for the lonely children around.5. How was Hunter different from other doctors ?A. He was famous before working in hospital.B. He liked to wear shirts with flowers in them every day.C. He treated his patients as friends in every way possible.D. He was good at dealing with people who were mentally ill .6. What does the underlined word “clown” in paragraph 3 probable mean ?A. 木偶B. 小丑C. 外星人D. 蜘蛛侠7. What can we know from Robin Williams words ?A. He thought highly of Hunter.B. Every doctor needs a patient friend.C. He became a warm person ever after.D. A good actor makes a successful film.CA recent study from a team of South Korean researchers suggests that eating alone often may lead to poor eating habits and poor food choices .Specifically ,the study found that men who ate alone more than twice a week had a greater risk of developing high blood pressure ,high cholesterol and diabetes .For children ,eating with their families is not only about preventing bad outcomes(结果)—it is also about developing good ones .In 2014, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) looked at data from nearly three-quarters of the world’s countries .Among its findings was the fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip school .Children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol(吸毒酗酒).In the report ,titled “The Importance of Family Dinners (VIII) ”, researchers say that “teens who ha ve frequent family dinners are more likely to say their parents know a lot about what’s going on in their lives ”. They also claim that when teens say they feel closer to their parents ,they are less likely to use drugs and alcohol .Another study from the University of Montreal found that children who ate with their families experience long –term physical and mental health benefits(好处) .These children were physically in better shape and drank fewer sugary soft drinks .These children also seemed to have better social skills and they were less aggressive(好斗的)。
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选材新颖语言地道设题灵活
——2011年高考英语山东卷阅读理解部分评析2011年高考英语山东卷的阅读理解部分所选短文体裁、题材多样,材料真实,有很强的时代感;文章结构完整,语言地道,原汁原味;短文阅读量控制合理,词汇丰富,难度适中。
在题目设置方面,完整问句的提问方式有所增加,完成句子的提问方式有所减少,问题设计更加侧重文章字里行间所传递的信息。
命题既体现了《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》中对阅读能力的要求,又能对中学英语教学起到良好的反拨作用。
一、文章选材
今年英语试题的阅读理解部分四篇短文体裁、题材丰富多样,所选材料涉及名家名著、公益故事、社会热点、科技动态等方面。
具体如下:
A篇短文主要介绍了剧作家阿瑟·米勒及其代表作。
阿瑟·米勒是美国20世纪最著名的剧作家之一,其代表作《推销员之死》描写了一个美国小人物的悲剧。
主人公Willy Loman是一家公司的推销员,为了实现成功的梦想,他不辞辛劳,拼命工作,但却屡遭挫折,四处碰壁,以至心力交瘁,最终因无法面对失败的现实而自杀身亡。
作者通过对这一人物形象的塑造,揭露了美国商业世界残酷无情的本质和“美国梦”的虚幻性,批判了美国社会拜金主义的价值观。
该剧上演后,获得巨大成功,仅在首演当年就获得了“托尼奖”、“纽约戏剧评论圈奖”和“普利策戏剧奖”这三项戏剧界最为重要的大奖,并成为首部同时获得这些大奖的剧作。
B篇短文介绍了美国退休教师Tim Richter和Linda夫妇老有所为,积极参与社会慈善活动的事迹。
1998年Tim接受了一次心脏手术,这让他对人生的意义进行了重新思考。
手术后,Tim 偶然读到了一本小册子,介绍歌手多莉·帕顿发起的免费为家乡儿童提供图书的项目—Imagination Library。
受此启发,Tim产生了退休后投身公益活动的想法。
五年后,退了休的Richter夫妇成立了自己的基金会并开始了免费给家乡学前儿童寄书的活动。
从2004年至今他们已寄出图书12,000多册。
夫妇二人在自己的公益事业中获得了快乐和满足,也赢得了家乡人民的感激和赞赏。
C篇短文借Jacobs一家为了让双胞胎儿子完成大学学业而通过多种渠道筹措资金的经历,引出了美国社会所面临的一个重要问题,即随着失业率的上涨、学费的持续飙升,以及
借贷机构助学贷款业务的削减,大部分美国家庭在支付子女大学教育费用方面都面临着空前的压力和困境。
D篇短文是一篇介绍BCI技术及其应用前景的科技新闻报道。
BCI技术是科学家们从上世纪70年代开始研发的一项连接人脑与电脑的尖端技术。
最近两名瑞士科研人员利用这项技术研制出一种智能轮椅,因神经系统受损而导致残疾的人士可以仅凭意念轻松操控这种轮椅,这为他们扩大活动空间,增强与外界联系提供了可能。
目前,研发人员希望尽早通过临床试验,证明其实用性和耐用性,并进一步完善其性能。
阅读理解所选四篇短文材料新颖,内容丰富,在考查考生语言能力的同时,也使考生丰富了知识,开阔了眼界。
二、结构和语言
今年试题的阅读理解部分四篇短文结构完整,层次清晰。
以A篇为例,文章首先介绍了阿瑟·米勒的家庭背景,然后重点介绍了其代表作《推销员之死》,最后谈及了阿瑟·米勒的离世。
文章布局安排合理,符合考生的阅读期待,有利于考生快速了解和把握文章的主要信息。
本部分四篇文章语言特色鲜明,原汁原味。
文中所用的句型丰富多样,长句、难句数量适中,且很多句子含意深刻,耐人寻味。
这是2011 年阅读理解短文语言的突出特色。
例1:
Willy is ‘burnt out’ and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he can’t do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. (A 篇)
例2:
Not long after the surgery, Tim saw a brochure describing Imagination Library, a program started by Dolly Parton’s foundation (基金会) that mailed a book every month to children from birth to age five in the singer’s home town of Sevier, Tennessee. (B篇)
例3:
Tim Richter and his wife, Linda, had taught for over 30 years near Buffalo, New York—he in computers, she in special education. (B篇)
例4:
The books—reviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists, and Dollywood board members—included classics such as Ezra Jack Keats’s The Snowy Day and newer books like Anna
Dewdney’s Llama Llama series. (B篇)
●例1中“burnt out”形象生动地表明了主人公Willy心力交瘁的精神状态;
●例1中的冒号引出表示解释或说明的内容,这考查了学生对英语标点符号的理解和认
识;
●例1中“the Wagner Company”和“Imagination Library”分别作为“his employer”和
“a program…”的同位语出现;例2中的“Dolly Parton”和“the singer”相互照应;
例3中“he in computers, she in special education.”使用了省略句式。
这种同位结构、照应关系和省略句式的使用,很好地考查了学生对语篇衔接手段的把握。
●例4中的插入成分和由and连接的平行结构有利于考查考生对长句结构的分析和理解。
三、阅读量及难度控制
一套试题的长度直接关系到试题的难度和区分度,也会影响到考试的信度和效度,因此试题保持相对合理稳定的阅读量对于保证试题的质量至关重要。
近3年山东卷阅读理解部分的阅读量比较
对比往年试题,可以发现,今年我省英语试题的阅读理解部分阅读量与往年相比保持了相对的稳定,为试题的质量提供了必要的保障。
同时,今年的阅读理解部分对于超纲词汇的处理也是非常合理的。
试题中出现的超纲词汇数量很少,且大部分属于新课程标准所规定词汇的派生词,如cruelty、severely、financial、uninterrupted等。
这些词汇虽然不在纲内,但对考生理解短文不会造成太大障碍。
其他少数超纲词汇,可能影响考生理解的,如tuition、loan、foundation、demonstrate等,都加了汉语注释;不影响理解与答题的,则予以保留。
事实上,根据语境及上下文猜测词义也应该是高中生所应该具备的能力,而保留部分超纲词则是测试考生该项能力的一种体现。
可以看出,今年的阅读理解部分不论是在阅读量的控制还是对超纲词的处理方面,都非常得当。
这符合我省高中教学的实际情况,也符合我省考生的实际英语水平。
四、设题方面
阅读理解题的考查深度也是今年阅读理解试题在题目设置上的一大突出特色。
在20个题目中,有9个题目涉及归纳、总结、推理、判断等。
题目设置的重点放在了考查考生获取信息并进行加工处理,进而分析问题、解决问题的语言运用能力上。
考生必须仔细阅读文章内容,理解把握一些深层次的信息,才能准确作答。
另外,题目设置方面信息定位具体,考点分布均匀,语言表达简洁,准确。
20个题目中有13个以完整问句的形式出现,这符合阅读理解题的命题原则,在这一点上相对于往年有了较大的改进。
阅读理解是高中英语教学的重点,应该提升到英语教学的核心地位。
只有大量的语言输入,才能真正提高学生对英语语言的感悟能力,增强英语学习的兴趣,享受英语学习的全过程,提高语言运用能力。
2011年高考英语山东卷阅读理解部分在选材、语言和设题方面的特点和变化,体现了语言测试的目标与定位,同时也对今后高中英语教学有着良好的导向作用。