考研英语复习:阅读中长难句三种句型详解
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文r

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文1. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved ; the limbic system (the 〃emotional brain " ) is especially active , while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning ) is relatively quiet. 〃 We wake up from dreams happy and depressed , and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.结构:•But not all parts of the brain [主]are equally involved [谓(被)];the limbic system ( the 〃 emotional brain ")[主[is [系]especially active [表],•while the prefrontal cortex ( the center of intellect andreasoning )[主[is [系]relatively quiet [表].•〃 We [主]wake up [谓]from dreams happy and depressed [状],and those feelings [主]can stay with [谓]us all day[宾].〃says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. WilliamDementThose suffering from persistent nightmares [谓]should seek [谓]help from a therapist [谓].•For the rest of us z the brain [谓]has [谓]its ways of working through bad feelings .•Sleep寸亩入语:or rather dream•on it and you' II feel better in the morning词组:At the end最后最终Pay attention to 关注Keep from组织抑制Wake up醒来唤醒Suffer from忍受遭受受.之苦The rest of剩余的其余的Work through解决完成Sleep on继续睡忽略解析:unless引导条件状语从句两个破折号之间是插入语天结束之后,我们可能完全没有理由去关注我们梦,除非它让我们失眠,或直译:者"让我们从痛苦中醒来"C说。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文d

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文1. Indeed , the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber ( without an actual monkey to eat it ) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin .结构:•Indeed , the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber [主] ( without an actual monkey to eat it ) was [系] enough [表] to induce resentment in a female capuchin [状]单词:Induce vt.引起引诱劝说Deduce vt.推断Reduce vt.减少Resentment n.不满词组:Enough to 足以足够做直译:事实上,仅仅在其他房间出现了葡萄(并没有被猴子真正吃掉),就足够引起雌性卷尾猴的不满译文:的确,仅仅一颗葡萄出现在另一间小室(不管有没有猴子吃它)就足以引发雌性卷尾猴的怨气2. The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys ,like humans , are guided by social emotions . In the wild , they are a co-operative , group-living species .结构:•The researchers [主] suggest [谓]•宾语从句:that capuchin monkeys [主]•插入语:,like humans ,•are guided [谓(被)] by social emotions [宾] .•In the wild , they [主] are [系] a co-operative , group-living species [表]解析:•That引导宾语从句,做suggest的宾语•宾语从句中有一个插入语,截断了主语和谓语直译:研究人员认为卷尾猴和人一样,被社交情绪引导。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译p

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure , which today is an electonic infrastructure , the better off you’re going to be .结构:•The more foreign capital [主语] you have [定语] helping you build [谓语] your Third Wave infrastructure [宾语] ,•非限制性定语从句:which today [主语] is [谓语] an electronic infrastructure [宾语] ,•the better off you’re going to be [主+谓].单词:electronic a.电子的ad.电子地n.电子电路电子器件词组:the more...the more 越...越...better off a.更好的富裕的Be going to 将要打算直译:你拥有越多的外国资金来帮助你建设第三次基础设施建设浪潮,也就是今天得电子基础设施,你将变得更加富裕。
解析:•You have作定语修饰capital•Which 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰infrastructure译文:你拥有的帮助你建设第三次基础设施建设浪潮的外国资金越多,也就是今天得电子基础设施,你就会越富裕重点:•the more...the more 越...越...•better off a.更好的富裕的2. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled , or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled .结构:•That [主] doesn’t mean [谓] lying down and becoming fooled , or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled [宾].单词:corporation n.企业公司法人社团Run vt.经营管理运转词组:Lie down 躺下卑躬屈膝Mean doing sth 意味着做....直译:这并不意味着好吃懒做和变得愚蠢活着让外国企业的经营不受控制。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文p

•The most obvious example[主]is[系]late-stage cancer care[表].
•Physicians[宾]插入语:frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and
fearing loss of hope in the patienttoo often offer[谓]aggressive treatment far beyond[宾]
•宾语从句:what住]is scientifically justified[谓]单词:
Cancer n.癌症Scientifically ad.科学地
词组:
Late-stage a.晚期的解析:
•两个破折号之间是插入语,截断了主语和谓语what引导宾语从句,做介词beyond的宾语
直译:最明显的例子就是晚期癌症的治疗。医生——由于对治疗疾病无 能为力而沮丧,以及害怕病人失去希望——经常提供大胆的,和远远超 过科学合理的治疗方法译文:最明显的例子便是晚期癌症的护理。医生——由于不能治愈这种 疾病而感到沮丧,同时又担心病人失去希望——经常采用大胆的医疗方 法,这些方法远不符合科学标准
重点:
•that引导定语从句,修饰everythingEven if引导让步状语从句
2.The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care . Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patienttoo often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified .
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含译文q

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含译文1. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers . And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics , there are already robot systems that can perform some kind of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy ——far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone .结构:•Our subway trains [主] are controlled [谓(被动)] by tireless robot-drivers .•条件状语:And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics ,•There be句型:there are already robot systems•定语从句:that [主] can perform [谓] some kind of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy [宾] ——far greater precision than highly skilled physicians [主] can achieve [谓] with their hands alone [宾]单词:Tireless a.不知疲劳的Miniaturization n.小型化微型化Perform vt.执行演出vi.表现Submillimeter n.亚毫米Accuracy a.精确的Precision n.准确性词组:Thanks to 由于Some kind of 某种某些解析:•Thank to引导条件状语•There be 句型表示有...•that引导定语从句修饰robot systems,句子中做主语•单个破折号表示解释说明,这里补充说明submillimeter accuracy直译:我们的地铁由不知疲倦的机器人司机控制。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译y

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. The mergers of telecom companies , such as WorldCom , hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress .结构:•The mergers of telecom companies [主] , such as WorldCom [插入语] , hardly seem to bring [谓] higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress [宾]单词:Hardly n.几乎不简直不刚刚Reduction n.减少消减缩减pace n.节奏速度Peace n.和平Progress n.进步进展vt.使...发展Process n.过程进程vt.加工处理词组:Such as 例如Seem to 似乎好像直译:通信公司的合并,比如世界通信公司,似乎并没有给消费者带来高额的费用或者是科技进程的减缓译文:像世界通信公司这样的电信公司的合并,似乎没有给消费者带来更高的费用,或者减缓技术的进步速度重点:•Seem to 似乎好像2. On the contrary , the price of communications is coming down fast . In cars , too , concentration is increasing——witness Daimler and Chrysler , Renault and Nissan —— but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt .结构:•On the contrary , the price of communications [主] is coming down fast [谓].•In cars , too , concentration [主] is increasing [谓]——witness Daimler and Chrysler , Renault and Nissan [插入语] —— but it [形式主语] does not appear [谓]•真正主语:that consumers [主] are being hurt [谓(被动)]单词:witness n.目击者证人证据vt.为...作证证明词组:On the contrary 相反地直译:相反地,通讯的价格正在快速下降。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译q

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. In many such cases , a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing , promoting , or developing whatever it is before everyone else paid attention .结构:•In many such cases [状] ,• a cursory search for causes [主] finds [谓]•宾语从句:that some small group of people[主] was wearing , promoting , or developing [谓(过去进行时)]•宾语从句:whatever it [主] is[谓]•时间状语从句:before everyone else [主] paid attention [谓]单词:Cursory a.草率的粗略的匆忙的词组:Search for 寻找搜索Pay attention to 关注解析:•宾语从句中包含了一个宾语从句,第二个宾语从中又包含了一个时间状语从句•that引导宾语从句,做finds的宾语•Whatever引导宾语从句做was wearing,promoting,ordeveloping的宾语•Before引导时间状语从句直译:在很多这样的例子中,一个对原因的粗略探索发现,无论是什么,人们中的一些小群体都曾穿,推销,发展过它们,在其他人关注之前译文:在许多诸如此类的案例中,如果只是粗略地寻找原因,你会发现总是有一小群人开风气之先,率先穿上、宣传和开发此前从未留意的东西重点:•宾语从句中包含了一个宾语从句,第二个宾语从中又包含了一个时间状语从句•that引导宾语从句,做finds的宾语•Whatever引导宾语从句做was wearing,promoting,ordeveloping的宾语•Before引导时间状语从句2. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends .结构:•Anecdotal evidence of this kind [主] fits nicely with[谓] the idea [宾]•同位语从句:that only certain special people [主] can drive [谓] trends [宾]单词:anecdotal a.轶闻的fit vt.合身合适使升任词组:Fit with 符合适合解析:•that引导同位语从句修饰idea,在句子中不做成分直译:这种轶闻的证据和那个理论相符合,这个理论是只有某些特殊的人才能引领潮流译文:这种事实证据正好与”只有某些特殊人物次啊能引领潮流“这一观点吻合重点:•Fit with 符合适合•that引导同位语从句修饰idea,在句子中不做成分3. In their recent work , however , some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed . In fact , they don’t seem to be required at all .结构:•In their recent work , [状]•插入语:however ,•some researchers [主] have come up with [谓] the finding [宾]•同位语从句:that influentials [主] have [谓] far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed [表] .•In fact , they [主] don’t seem to [系] be required at all [表]单词:Generally a.总体大体普遍词组:Come up with 提出想出赶上Seem to 似乎好像Not at all 一点也不解析:•that引导同位语从句补充说明finding• A than B, 翻译为和B相比A怎样直译:然而,在最近的研究中,一些研究人员提出一个发现,即,和我们通常认为的相比,有影响力的人对社会潮流的影响其实很小。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译f

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile , you must to know how to identify shared experiences and problems .结构:•条件状语从句:If you [主] intend [谓] using humor in your talk to make people smile [宾] ,•you [主] must [谓] to know how to identify shared experiences and problems [宾]单词:identify vt.确认识别Share n.股份股票v.共有共用共享vt.赞同解析:•if引导条件状语从句直译:如果你想要在你的谈话中用幽默使人发笑,那么你必须知道怎样去确定你们共有的经历和问题译文:如果你想在谈话中用幽默使人发笑的话,你就必须知道如何识别出你与听众之间的共同经历和问题重点:•Share n.股份股票v.共有共用共享vt.赞同•if引导条件状语从句2. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view .结构:•Your humor [主] must be relevant to [谓] the audience and should help [谓] to show them•宾语从句:that you [主] are [系] one of them [表] or•宾语从句:that you [主] understand [谓] their situation [宾] and are [系] in sympathy with their point of view [表] .单词:Sympathy n.同情词组:Be relevant to 与...相关One of ... 之一In sympathy with 支持赞成Point of view 观点看法角度解析:•Must 和should并列共同使用主语your humor•that引导宾语从句,两个that宾语从句并列,共同做show的宾语,show sb sth•第二个that宾语从句中,and连接两个并列句,understand 和are共同使用主语You直译:你的幽默必须和听众相关,而且能够帮助你向他们表明你是他们中的一个,或者表明你理解他们的处境,并赞成他们的观点译文:你的幽默一定要和听众有关,应该有助于表明你是他们中的一员,或者你了解他们的处境并赞同他们的观点重点:•Be relevant to 与...相关•One of ... 之一•In sympathy with 支持赞成•Point of view 观点看法角度•Must 和should并列共同使用主语your humor•that引导宾语从句,两个that宾语从句并列,共同做show的宾语,show sb sth•第二个that宾语从句中,and连接两个并列句,understand 和are共同使用主语You3. Depending on whom you are addressing , the problem will be different . If you are talking to a group of managers , you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries ; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries , you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses .结构:•Depending on•宾语从句:whom you [主] are addressing [谓] ,•the problem [主] will be [系] different [表] .•条件状语从句:If you [主] are talking [谓] to a group of managers [宾],•you [主] may refer to [谓] the disorganized methods of their secretaries [宾] ;•条件状语从句:alternatively if you [主] are addressing [谓] secretaries [宾] ,•you [主] may want to [谓] comment on their disorganized bosses [宾]单词:address n.地址网址演讲vt.写地址作演讲向...讲话Disorganize vt.使...混乱扰乱瓦解Alternative a.替代的另类的另外的Alert v.向...发出警告a.警觉的充分意识到词组:Depend on 依赖依靠取决于Refer to 涉及谈到参考适用于Comment on 对...评论解析:•Whom引导宾语从句,做depending on的宾语•分号连接两个if并列句•两个if引导条件状语从句直译:依据你是和谁谈话,这个问题是不同的。
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考研英语复习:阅读中长难句三种句型详解做好考研英语阅读需要五方面能力:词义辨析能力、长难句分析能力、逻辑思维能力、篇章分析能力和题型分析能力。
如果你能够具备词义辨析能力、长难句分析能力的话,对后面的复习将会大有帮助。
在研究真题的过程中同学们应该经常背诵一些结构优美的句子,这对作文水平的提高会有很大帮助。
从近几年的考查趋势可以看出,考研英语越来越注重对考生英语基本能力的考查,而考研语法则是构成这种基本能力的一个基石。
考研阅读理解文章的特点是各种复杂的长难句型遍布在文章的各个角落,如果没有扎实的句型知识基础,就会给做题带来很大的困难。
所以,为了让你的阅读在日后有质的突破,为了能把做题的方法和技巧更好地应用到做题当中去,请你务必沉下心来,了解一下考研阅读中的长、难句真相。
明白了这一真相,你才不会在日后的做题中一筹莫展,而是万分从容。
在此,通过全方位把握考研阅读的文章内容,我们英语教研室杨凤芝老师把考研阅读中的句型,从宏观的角度分为以下三类:短而难的句子、虚假的长难句、真正的长难句。
接下来我们逐个分析。
◎短而难的句子首先我们看一下什么是短而难的句子。
这些句子一般都是约定俗成的谚语,是广大人民群众智慧的结晶。
既然是结晶,意思表达就会较抽象,难以快速把握,需要我们结合具体语境进行深层的把握。
同学们看这一句: it never rains, but pours.这是2007年第四篇阅读理解的第一句话,相当于文章的题眼,其字面意思很简单:“从来不下雨,但是下倾盆大雨。
”很明显,这不是一句“人类”能识别的汉语,倾盆大雨不是雨吗?那样翻译肯定不行。
其实这句话是英语中很有名的谚语:“不雨则已,一雨倾盆”,“不鸣则已,一鸣惊人”。
如果描述的是坏事,同学们可以借鉴第一种译法,类似于“祸不单行”的意思;如果是好事,同学们可以借鉴第二种,就是一鸣惊人。
同样的表达在考研英语的阅读文章及题目中经常出现,如1998年第一篇文章最后一题四个选项都是谚语:[A] "It's no use crying over spilt milk"(覆水难收);[B] "More haste, less speed"(欲速则不达);[C] "Look before you leap"(三思而后行);[D] "He who laughs last laughs best"(笑到最后的人笑得最好)。
2007年第一篇阅读理解最后一题的四个选项也都是谚语:[A]Faith will move mountains(精诚所至,金石为开);[B] One reap what he sows(种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆);[C]Practice make perfect(熟能生巧);[D]Like father, like son(有其父必有其子)。
无一例外的,这两道题都是以文章的主旨题形式出现的,由此可见谚语在考研中的重要性。
其实,这类表达考查的基本上就是同学们英语语言的积累,没有相应的积累,很难将它理解到位。
但是有的时候积累只是基础,还要会灵活运用。
我们看一下这句话“no pains, no gains”的意思,地球人都知道是不是?但是1998年的第二篇阅读的开头是这样使用的这句话:“No pains, no gains. What about pains without gains?”意思是:一分耕耘一分收获。
但是如果只有耕耘没有收获呢?暗示下文的美国商界的产业结构调整做的全部是无用功。
那么我们怎么应对这类难句呢?积累。
考研单词书上有很多这类句子,但是不少同学见到这类句子,总是绕着走,不去记。
其实这些东西比单词好记,记单词的时候顺便记一下就可以。
此外,这里需要告诫同学们一点:记忆日常表达中经常使用的谚语对写作也会有非常大的帮助,谚语会成为提升作文语言水平的亮点。
但是切忌在写作时胡编乱造。
我见一个学生在考研作文中写过一个这样的句子:As one old saying goes, one arrow, two birds.很明显这位同学是想表达“一石二鸟”之意,但是这句话有特定的表达,不能随意编造。
“Kill two birds with one stone.”才是正确的表达。
还有经常威胁人用的“give you a little color to see see.”这类胡编乱造、让阅卷老师先是迷惑而后震怒的表达,千万不要出现在你的试卷上,你那不是拿自己的命运开玩笑吗?即使阅卷老师不能记住每个谚语,以他们的英语修养也可以很快地判断出你这个表达符不符合英语表达习惯。
所以同学们一定要踏踏实实地复习,别想着投机取巧。
◎虚假长难句这类句型的特点是,插入成分较多,第一眼看上去绝对让你头晕眼花,不知所措。
但其实只要去掉那些虚伪的修饰,这个句子“犹抱琵琶半遮面”的神秘感就荡然无存,句子的结构也就立刻清晰了。
那这些虚伪的成分到底是什么呢?就让我们通过几个极具代表性的例子来看一下吧。
Although warnings are often appropriate and necessary——the dangers of drug interaction, for example——and many are required by state and government, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.一眼扫视之后,发现这个句子挺长的,而且有两个破折号。
两个破折号,或是两个逗号之间的内容往往是插入语的成分,这种成分的特点就是拎出来之后不影响句子的结构,并且在考研阅读文章中,这样的成分又往往不是文中的重点信息,所以应该直接跳过对其采取不予理睬的策略。
好,句子现在变成了:Although warnings are often appropriate and necessary and many are required by state and government, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.这样一看句子就变成了Although……,it isn’t clear that……,这样一个主语从句型结构。
这个句子在阅读的过程中,可以再次简化,因为Although 引导的让步状语从句在阅读中并不是重点信息,所以我们的目光就可以聚焦到it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.此句型结构是一个形式主语从句的结构,形容词clear对应的主语其实是that引导的内容,在这个从句中我们又发现了一个引导词if,这个if 引导的从句包含在that 从句当中。
接下来,我们再仔细看that从句中的内容是“they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured”在这个从句当中if 所引导的从句是一个条件状语从句。
通过这样分析,句子在层层简化之后就变得非常清晰了。
这类句子往往长而不难,原因在于,要么包含了although引导的一个长长的从句,要么就是诸如头衔、身份、或职位的专有名词较多,而这些信息在阅读解题时并不是重要的信息,所以我们一旦遇到这种情况就可以迅速绕过,直击核心信息。
◎真正的长难句虚假的长难句可以说是只长不难,句子的主干结构很容易抓住,虚伪信息容易剔除;而考研长难句中,还有一部分是从句嵌套严重所致结构更加复杂的句型,这种句子的理解难度就会空前地加大。
如果把那些虚假长难句比喻成武术中的容易被破解没什么杀伤力的“花把势”,那接下来讲的真正的长难句就是内外兼修的武林高手了。
我们来见识一下吧。
先来看一个例子:When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.这是2000年阅读理解第三篇的第一句话,总共46个单词,是典型的长难句。
但是核心信息就只是其中的12个单词,考点也是这12个单词。
那么我们该如何去锁定这个核心信息呢?首先把修饰成分(从句等)一一剥离,剩下的就是句子的主要信息。
先找连词,宏观上区分主干部分和修饰部分。
看到从属连词when一直到逗号之前只有一个谓语动词,可知逗号前就是一个从句,when状语从句,判定为修饰成分,暂时不看。
再往后,看到however,引导让步状语从句,意为“无论,不管(多么……)”。
也许有同学会问,我怎么就知道however 是引导从句,还是仅仅表示两个句子之间的转折呢?其实,很好区分。
如果however后面有逗号的话,就是单纯地表示前后句的转折,否定前半句话;如果没有逗号的话,尤其是后面跟的是形容词或副词时(如本句),那么引导的就是让步状语从句,即这句话就不是主要信息了,在阅读理解中可以绕过。
到这里,这个句子就剩下:It is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal。
那么,你会发现for后面跟的是一个完整的句子,句中有自己的谓语动词,也就是说,在这里for引导的是原因状语从句,也是修饰部分。
本句中从句嵌套严重,其中最难判断的从句就是for引导的原因状语从句,那么在以后的做题过程中,如何更好地把握呢?只要记住一条:for后面如果跟的是名词或名词性成分,那么它就是介词;如果后面跟的是有主谓的完整的句子,那么它就是引导从句,表原因。