多视角大学英语听力方法
多元文化视角下大学英语教育教学创新措施探讨
462020年43期总第535期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS多元文化视角下大学英语教育教学创新措施探讨文/买尔旦江·麦麦提依明在经济全球化发展的今天，英语作为国际性语言，其重要性日渐提高。
但是长期以来，我国大学英语教育教学一直秉承传统教育理念，单纯以理论灌输式方式来传授英语知识和英语技能，未能有效提高大学生的英语综合能力。
尤其是多元文化冲击的全球化时代，大学英语专业人才若缺失多元文化价值观，必然会制约其持续发展。
因此，在大学英语教育教学中，为了培养新时代所需要的复合型英语人才，应立足于多元文化视角来创新大学英语教育教学。
鉴于此，本文对“多元文化视角下大学英语教育教学创新措施”进行深层次分析，具备一定的现实意义和实践价值。
一、多元文化视角下大学英语教育教学现状在大学生英语教学中，教学主体、教学目标、教学策略等作为主要构成内容，在过程中融入汉语文化，对促进大学生汉语语言文化水平及实现大学英语文化教育互动有着积极作用。
在经济全球化发展的大环境下，大学英语教育的目的在于培养具备跨文化交际能力的复合型英语专业人才。
事实上，我国当下大学英语文化教学存在诸多缺陷，如教学主体文化意识薄弱、教学目标文化缺失、教学策略文化缺失等。
1. 教学主体文化意识薄弱，集中体现在大学英语文化教学中教学主体未能正确认识文化的重要作用、未能在教学导入环节渗透中外文化等。
上述问题的产生，究其本质原因在于大学英语教师未能在思想层面认识到文化教学的重要性，制约文化教育效果的同时，也会直接影响大学英语教学效果，进而影响复合型英语专业人才的培养。
2. 教学目标设置缺失多元文化素养的培养目标。
在全球化发展的背景下，大部分大学英语教师虽意识到英语和文化的重要性，但是在英语教学实践中未能科学设置多元文化素养的培养目标，且在思想上未能认识到文化差异，从而在教育实践中单纯地传授英语知识和技能，无法在多元文化的大环境下培养出满足社会多元文化需求的英语专业人才。
关联理论视角下的大学英语听力教学研究
教 育理论
关联理论视角下的大学英语听力教学研究
刘千 凤 （ 南科 技 学 院 外语 系 河 南 新 乡 ４３ ０ ） 河 ５０ ３
听前 预测 就是 利用 听录音 之前 的短 暂 时间 ，快 速浏 览 问题 及 选 项 。因为题 的选 项 中肯定会 有 与听力 材料 相关联 的信 息 ，阅读 这些选 项会 使 学生 首先进 行推 理假 设 ，寻找相 关联 的认 知语境 ， 从 而在 这 个 语境 内进 行推 理 。这 样 学 生就 比较 容 易 在 听 的过 程 中有 目的地 获取 所 期待 的信息 ，有 助于选 出正 确 的答案 。例如 在 第 二册 ｕ ｉ ２ 的ｓ ｏ ｔ ｏ ｖ ｒ ａ ｎ 里 有一个 对话 的 已知选 ｎ ｔ ｈ ｒ ｃ ｎ ｅ ｓ ｔ ｏ ｓ ｉ
、
教 学过程 中 ，英语 听说和 读写 分成两 门课 来上 也是 目前高 校英 语 教 学 的 一种 趋势 。而 现 在 的 四六 级考 试 中 听力 理 解 的 比重 占到 ３％ ５ ，而 即将实 施 的四六级 机考 听力理 解 比重 高达 ７ ％ ０ 。这 也就意 味着 着对 学生 的听力 水平提 出了更高 的要 求。而 在实 际的 教学 中 可 以发现 学生 听力薄 弱 ，除 了 自身 的语言基 础知 识欠 缺外 ，往往 是 由于 学 生对 所 听 话语 的理 解仪 限于表 层 而 不 能 明 白其真 正意 图 ，做 出 了错误 的判 断。本 文 以语用学 中 的关联 理论对 听力 理解 的过程 进行 解释和 分析 ，增 强学 生对含 蓄语 言 的理解 ，推断 话语 的真正 意 图，帮助 学生更 准确 地理 解听力 材料 以提 高大 学英语 听 力教学 的效果 。
多模态视角下的大学英语视听说教学设计探索
72018年46期总第434期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS多模态视角下的大学英语视听说教学设计探索文/高巍 张辉【摘要】本文依据多模态理论对教学设计的指导原则，基于大学英语视听说课程的特点和难点，尝试将多模态的选择和设计融入视听说课程中，探索了课堂活动的模式。
【关键词】多模态；视听说课程；教学设计【作者简介】高巍(1974.08-)，女，满族，河北唐山人，硕士，首都师范大学，讲师，研究方向：教学设计，语言测评；张辉(1975.8-)，女，北京人，硕士，首都师范大学，讲师，研究方向：语言测试。
【基金项目】首都师范大学2018年教改项目“基于任务型教学法的大学英语视听说课堂活动模式探究”。
进入二十一世纪后，计算机与信息技术的发展日新月异地改变着人们在生活中的交流和交际方式。
在教育领域，现代教育技术也正在推动着教学的操作模式、教材内容的使用方法以及教学评估的手段等多方面的变革。
英语教学与信息技术的结合得到了前所未有的重视和发展，借助多媒体、运用多模态的视听说教学也获得了更为开放、多元的可操作空间。
一、多模态理论简介“新伦敦小组”于 1996 年提出多模态教学的概念，强调通过多渠道、调动多种感官、使多种模态资源协同作用，完成多模态化的交流，并将语言学习中的意义构建模式分为六种，即语言意义、视觉意义、听觉意义、空间意义、姿势意义与多模态意义。
Kress & Jewitt 提出对模态的定义，指用于意义构建的一系列符号资源，包括图像、眼神、动作、音乐、语言等。
多模态是指在交流成品或交流活动中，对不同模态符号的运用，以及不同模态间的组合形式。
我国外语教学界的学者也对多模态展开多方探索。
顾曰国教授剖析了多模态学习并提出，恰当的模态转换可以增强学习者对所学内容的内化度，提高内容记忆的持久度。
换句话说，越充盈的体验、越丰富的模态转化，对学生越为有利。
张德禄教授探讨了外语课堂教学中的设计及其对模态系统的调用，提出了教学设计所依据的、主要和教学内容相关的教学理念。
浅析大学英语视听说课的教学难点及教学策略
592020年25期总第517期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS浅析大学英语视听说课的教学难点及教学策略文/刘 斐在大学里特有的英语教室内学习，跟着机器学习，缺乏学习的自主性，学生不能参与到其中进行独立的思考，因此不能增强学生自主学习的能力。
英语本身是一门需要不断听和说的课程，但是在实际的教学过程中，学生缺乏在课堂上练习听说的机会，仅依靠短短的课堂时间来学习，难以达到提高学习效率的作用。
4.评价方式较为单一。
对学生英语视听能力实施科学的评价，有利于学生更愿意参与到课堂学习中，但是目前很多大学英语视听说课堂缺乏有效的评价方式，仅仅是通过月考或者期中考试、日常的作业来引导学生思考，因此英语学习的效率较低，无法对学生的英语学习过程进行督促，而加快建立日常的英语学习评价方式则显得尤为重要。
三、加强大学英语视听说课课程教学的具体措施大学英语视听说课程的教学效率的提升，要从自身存在的问题出发，研究积极的应对策略，同时还要满足学生提高英语能力的需要，尊重学生主体的学习意见，不断地突出学生是英语教学的主体，增强学生的英语学科素养，提高学生的自主学习能力。
为了进一步提高大学视听说课课程教学成效，建议从以下几个方面进行优化探索：1.加强基础课程教学。
大学英语教师首先应对学生的学习基础以及兴趣等各方面进行全面了解，认识到基础的差异性，然后围绕课程教学内容和教学目标，加强语言基础内容的教学，对单词、语法以及句型等进行强化训练，可以引入分层教学模式，针对不同学习基础的学生设定不同的教学目标，从而引导他们重视语言学习，提高自主学习意识并不断地增强学习自信。
2.科学安排视听说课课时比例和教学内容。
要本着高效的原则开展视听说课课程教学，可以提前布置相关的教学内容，让学生进行自主预习，通过互动沟通等了解学生在自主学习方面遇到的问题，然后教师结合教科书内容等进行教学重难点的提炼，着重开展这方面内容的讲述等，从而保证课程教学进度。
多模态视角下的大学英语视听说课程初探
以利 用现代 信息技 术 ． 研究 开发切 合学 生实 际 ． 贴 近生活 的课程 资 源 单一 的文本形式 已经不再是人 们获取信 息的唯一方 式 ． 书本课 堂也不再是 学生获得 知识的单一途 径 ． 多媒 体教学 和网络浩 瀚的资 源改 变了原本单一而 又单调 的书本教学 ． 使 多模态化英语教学方式成 为可能 。
种感官多模 态学习可 以加强学生 获得知识的 内化 ， 促进输 入 ． 并进而 转化为输出 ． 进而逐步促成英语 听力教学模式从 “ 学 生被动地听写 为 过渡 到“ 以学生主动参与听说为 主” 英语影视材料所营造 的真实 多模态化英语教学 主张充分利用 网络 、 多媒 体等多种资源 ． 以及 主” 有效实现学 习者 的意义建 视觉 、 听觉 、 触觉等多种教学手段 ， 调动学生的多种感 官协 同运作参 与 学习情 境能充分发挥学习者的学习主动性 ． 更 语言学习。 多模态教学结合 了教材 、 文学作品 、 互联 网、 影视 、 音乐等的 构。英语影视试听材料不仅为大学生提供 了最为真实 的语言环境 ． 为学习者 多模态特征 ， 涉及了图像 、 色彩 、 声音 、 文字等多种模态 或模态组 合 ， 有 是将学 习者置身于一个相对真实的文化背景和文化群体 中． 多模态 的语 言环境 ， 从而可 以激 发学生学 习英语 助于提高学生的积极性并激发学生兴趣。在多模 态教 学框架 下 ． 只要 设立了一个 自然的 、 的兴趣 ． 最大限度地刺激 学习者把所 看 、 所听纳人头脑 中原有 的图式 是利于教学的模式 ． 都 可作为教学的模态 以外的其他符号系统 ． 它们也是意义的源泉
２ ． 多模 态 化 大 学 英 语教 学
３ ． 多模 态 视 角 下 大 学 英语 视 听 说 课 程 的构 建
基于多视角的大学英语教学实践与通识教育之间的关系分析
注重学生全 面素质的培养 ，而不是 技能 和专业知识 的传 授与训练 。因此 ，从 教
学 目标的视角 可以得出大学教学实 践不
素养 ，这点从新 《 课程要求 》中 “ 保证 不 同层次的学生都能获得充分 的综合能 力 的培养和训练”可 以看 出。因此 ，当 前 的大学英语课程在设置上 主要 以学生
的 、情感的 、道德 的、生活 的和谐发展 ，
校将 通识教育 的内容融入英语 教学 ，但
是该 行为还是为 了培养学生 的语 言文化
体系等方面提 出了应在大学英语 教学实 践中实施通识教 育 ，并提 出复合 型高素 质人才的具体培养途径 。
（ ２）还 有一 些专 家通 过将 通识 教
教改圜踊Ｉ
ＪＩ ＡＯ Ｇ ＡＩ Ｔ ＡＮＬＩ Ｉ
基 于 多视 角 的大学英语教 学实践 与通 识教 育之 间的关 系分 析
杨 庆 华
（ 湖北 科技 学 院 ，湖 北 成 宁 ４ ３ ７ ０ ０ ０）
摘
要 ：在 大学英语 教学手段和 方法不断改革和创新 的过程 中，大学英语教 学与通 识教 育之 间的 关系引起 了大家的思考。
语言 能力 的提高为 中心 ，并将学 生有 效
育的内涵和概念作 为分析和讨论 大学英
语 的基础 ， 得 出大 学 英 语 教 学 实践 在 “ 一
等同于通识教育。
２ ． 教 材 内容
体 化培养功能 ”方 面与通识教育存 在相
同之 处 ，但它并不就是通识教育 。
通过调查 发现 ，当前各高校大 学英 语 教材的编制都是 以新 《 课程要求 》的 目标 和教学性质 而不是通识教育 的内涵
二 、多视 角论 证通 识教 育 与大学英语教学实践关系
新视角大学英语视听说4(第三版)听力理解练习原文及答案解析
Short conversationsConversation 1W: The only thing I can do at night is to lie in bed and read, preferably while also eating a snack. Inever have time for exercising.M: Don’t think it’s worth exercising only if you can run five miles or if you can bike for an hour.Even going for a 10-minute walk is worthwhile.Q: What advice does the man give to the woman?Conversation 2W: Hi, Mark, I’ve gained quite some weight recently. So, how can I eat healthily at social events?M: Well, drink a full glass of water before you go. Focus mainly on fresh fruit and vegetables orbread with whole grains. These will help you stay feeling full.Q: What can we know about the woman?Conversation 3W: I heard that in South Africa smoking is banned in all enclosed public spaces. M: Yes, that’s right. But pubs and bars with separate, enclosed smoking rooms are excluded fromthe ban, and most restaurants provide smoking sections, either indoor areas with good aircirculation or outdoor open areas.Q: What can we learn about the smoking rules in South Africa?Conversation 4M: So, your research shows that even when children are not direct targets of violence in the home,they can be harmed by witnessing its occurrence?W: Yes, that’s right. For example, they can suffer immediate and permanent physical harm.They can also experience short- and long-term emotional and behavioral problems. Q: What are the two speakers talking about?Conversation 5W: Skipping breakfast is common among people who are trying to lose weight, but it doesn’tseem to be a successful strategy.M: No, it isn’t. While any breakfast may be better than no breakfast, a healthy breakfast can besomething simple like a hard-boiled egg, a piece of 100 percent wholegrain toast along with acup of 100 percent fruit juice.Q: What is recommended for a healthy breakfast?Long conversationM: I love working out!W: Ugh! You’re sweating all over the floor …M: I just ran five miles! A friend told me about this great park on Jefferson Street. I love exploringnew parks!W: I try running at the gym three days a week, but it’s so boring looking at the TV monitor or thewall in front of me for an hour.M: You should run outside! Being in nature, enjoying the beautiful flowers and the trees, I feel mymind relax and the stress just falls away.W: It is nice outside. My mom loves t’ai chi and a nearby t’ai chi group meets every morning at 6a.m. I’ve tried going, but it’s too early for me to get out of bed …M: T’ai chi is really good. You need some kind of exercise. It’s unhealthy for you to sit in front ofyour computer all day, every day!W: Well, I recently spend my weekends away from my computer.M: Oh really? And what have you done recently that didn’t involve a computer or TV screen?W: Pandas! I just went to the San Diego Zoo with my sister on Saturday! They have one of thebest panda exhibits in the US. The mother panda is from Wolong, China, and had had six babypandas by 2012 since arriving at the San Diego Zoo in September of 1996.M: Oh, I bet baby pandas are amazing! Hey! Maybe you should get a zoo membership and gojogging in the zoo!W: A zoo membership! Now that’s a great idea! I love the San Diego Zoo. It’s near my house, Ican get good exercise and I can watch the baby pandas grow up!Passage 1Have you ever felt you don’t have enough hours in the day? Or that you’d give anything for awhole day to catch up with yourself? Well, here are some ideas that work for me. First of all, make a to-do list every day and set clear priorities. The trick here isn’t making thelist; that’s the easy part. The trick is making the priorities. I look at my list and put a star next toanything that is really urgent. Then I put the number “2”next to anything that will just take acouple of minutes. I actually do these quick tasks before I get on with the urgent ones; it’s a bitlike clearing off the top of your desk before sitting down to write that important letter.Second, know when is the most productive time of day for you and do your work orstudythen. One of the shocking discoveries I made about myself is that if I get up at 5 a.m., I can do aday’s work and even fit breakfast in before half past nine. Of course, if you are an early bird, it canbe difficult to accomplish tasks that involve phoning “night owls”, but that’s what email’s for!Finally, do not let your inbox run your life. I just realized recently how frequently I interrupted my real work to check my inbox and respond to the most trivial of emails. So, now Ionly open it when absolutely necessary and this saves me hours. If your work depends on youbeing constantly accessible by email, then you can’t do this; but be honest and ask yourself, “Am I an email addict?”With these simple, practical techniques, you will become more efficient, less stressed and beable to win some “me-time”for yourself.Short conversationsConversation 1W: So this is your last year in college. Have you ever thought about what you’d like to do aftergraduation?M: Well, I really don’t know. The job market seems to be improving, so I may look for a jobsomewhere. But I am also interested in applying for graduate school.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?Conversation 2M: Do you remember Linda we met a while ago at Susan’s birthday party?W: Linda? Do you mean the lady who you said was a nurse in the community hospital before herretirement? Yeah, I remember. She looks very young for her age.Q: What does the woman think of Linda?Conversation 3M: I wish I could retire tomorrow. Then I would not need to worry about work. W: I don’t look forward to retirement. I’m afraid of getting old –my body will slow down, andmy children will be away. I dread losing independence and living in loneliness. Q: What makes the woman afraid of getting old?Conversation 4W: I consider my early 20s to be the prime time of my life. How about you?M: I couldn’t agree with you more. That’s no doubt the golden period. You are young andenergetic. You are free to pursue your passion. The best thing is that you have a wealth ofopportunities to explore.Q: What does the man like best about being in his early 20s?Conversation 5W: Hi, John. You are taking Law 201 this semester, right? How do you like it?M: Yeah, it’s a great class. We’ve looked at several cases of age discrimination at work. Suchcases are very interesting because they are rarely clear-cut and court decisions can be rathercontroversial.Q: What does the man say about age discrimination cases?Long conversationM: Nancy, time to make a birthday wish!W: I wish ... hmm. OK! I want a high-paying job, a husband with a perfect face and body, and abig house ... with a swimming pool!M: Wow, Nancy! Those are your three wishes?W: Of course! If I have those three things, I’ll be happy!M: Now, Nancy. Let me tell you my story, and you may see things differently.W: “See things differently?”What do you mean, Uncle Charlie?M: Here is what I once experienced in life. When I married, 32 years ago, we had a happymarriage, a beautiful house, two expensive cars, and $200,000 in the bank!W: See, just like now!M: Wait! I would suggest three different wishes!W: Well ... What would you wish for? You’re older and wiser!M: What happens if you lose your job, lose your house, and your husband becomes sick? I suggestthese three wishes: patience, courage and love!W: Patience, courage and love?M: Yes! If you have patience and courage, you and your husband will have good jobs and a nicehouse. And if you have true love, you and your husband will be beautiful to each other nomatter how old you become together.W: This is good.M: Within six years of our marriage, we had three beautiful children, but we lost our jobs, ourhouse, all our money, and then I got really sick for nine years. But we didn’t lose anythingtruly valuable, because we always said: “Wherever the five of us are together, we are at home!”And, little by little things did improve, and I finally got well. Patience, courage and love!These are what make life full, strong and happy!W: Hmm, I will remember. Patience, courage and love! Thanks, Uncle Charlie!Passage 1If you think that you have to live up a remote mountain in order to live a long and healthy life,a religious community in Loma Linda, California, may prove you wrong. Its members are a groupof Christians known as the Seventh-day Adventists. The Adventists enjoy a much higher lifeexpectancy than average Californians. Adventist men can expect to live about seven years longerthan other Californian men. Adventist women are likely to live around four years longer than otherCalifornian women. The Adventists also act much younger than they are and see doctors muchless than ordinary people.So what’s the secret of the Adventists’longevity? It is not all in their genes. Nor istheir goodhealth a mere accident. The Adventists live longer partly because they have a vegetable-based diet.Around 35 percent of them are vegetarian, and around one half eat meat only rarely. Tobacco andalcohol consumptions are discouraged. So are rich or spicy foods, meat, and drinks containingcaffeine. The Adventist diet is high in fruit and vegetables. It also includes plenty of whole grains,nuts, seeds and beans, and water is the drink of choice.The longevity of the Adventists is also related to their lifestyle and natural environment. Theybelieve in having regular exercise, helping others, and maintaining strong social and familial ties.They live in a mild climate with warm summers and cool winters. Interestingly, the air quality ofLoma Linda, however, is not as good as in other longevity hot spots. This should give us all hope,as it suggests that we don’t have to have every single factor in place in order to achieve excellenthealth. Despite this, the Adventists’good health certainly provides strong evidence that diet andlifestyle choices have a great impact on health and longevity.Short conversationsConversation 1W: I really need a holiday, so I’m going camping with some friends. What are you doing over thesemester break?M: I haven’t got any plans yet. I don’t really have enough money to fly home. I suppose I couldget a part-time job and earn some money, or maybe I could start studying for next semester.Q: What is the woman going to do over the semester break?Conversation 2M: I heard that you quit your swimming lessons. But you have paid $120 for them. W: Ah, it’s all these yoga sessions. I just couldn’t fit them all in. What’s more, I got the majorityof my fees back because I quit immediately after the first day.Q: Why did the woman quit her swimming lessons?Conversation 3M: Shall we spend our weekend in Singapore? We can leave Friday afternoon so as to have dinnernext to the river and enjoy fireworks at the shore!W: I’d rather go on Saturday. My aunt will drop in on Friday evening. We haven’t seen each otherfor a couple of years.Q: Why doesn’t the woman want to leave on Friday?Conversation 4M: What do I need to bring for our camping trip to the national park?W: Well, we’ve bought the food and rented a van. It’s a camping vehicle with a fridge and cookingequipment. I think you will need a warm sweater or jacket for the evenings.Q: What does the woman suggest the man bring for the camping trip to the park? Conversation 5M: Have you confirmed your booking at the hotel in Sydney? With only three days left before ourtrip, I hope everyone is as ready as I am!W: Not yet. But I’d better call them before we start our vacation. During this time of year theyalways get quite busy.Q: What will the woman probably do before the vacation?Long conversationM: Rebecca, I just learned of an amazing park right here near our city!W: Really? Is it a nature park or an entertainment park?M: It’s a beautiful nature park, located 15 miles from our home.W: What’s it called?M: It is called Big Sky Park and has nice walking trails and camping sites!W: Bill, this is perfect! We can have a vacation and still keep saving money to visit my familysometime. But, can we get to Big Sky Park without a car?M: Yes, easily. We just take the No. 32 bus that goes right to the park. The only problem will begetting all of our camping stuff with us on the bus.W: Well, I did just buy that new cart to help carry groceries home on the bus, plus we have yourbig backpack. Together, I think we will be fine. All of our camping equipment should easily fiton the bus.M: Good. Good! I know we can make it a really special weekend. I have longed for a time whenwe could walk alone together in the quiet beauty of nature. I’m so, so happy to have thischance to be with you at the park.W: I know me too! I know what I’ll do! I’ll pack all of our favorite food, and I’ll bake a smallchocolate cake. Your favorite! Then we can drink tea and eat the chocolate cake around acampfire. I’m so happy you found Big Sky Park. I can’t wait, just two more days for theweekend to come!M: I’m so happy as well. Big Sky Park will be wonderful. The fire, the dinner and spending timewith you make me such a happy, happy man, Rebecca!Passage 1A new museum entirely dedicated to laziness has opened in the capital city of Colombia. Butyou have to hurry if you want to see the exhibits and find out about being lazy because theexhibition lasts only for one week. The unusual show displays a whole range of things such assofas, beds and anything that makes you feel like taking a rest. There are also plenty of televisionsfor those visiting couch potatoes to watch as they move around relaxingly in the museum.It is no coincidence but rather an intentional decision for the museum to have opened rightafter the holiday season. The idea is for people to think about laziness, and perhaps change theirbehavior and lifestyle throughout the rest of the year. It offers a practical experience to make usthink about laziness in our high-speed, fast-paced societies.The museum’s founder Marcela Arrieta said she wanted people to rethink about laziness anddecide whether it really is a bad thing. She told the media that people today always think aboutlaziness as an enemy of work. For example, they may feel guilty if they sleep late, or they mayfeel they are wasting time after taking a nap or having a holiday.Ms. Arrieta may not be proposing that we should have a shorter working week, but she couldhave a point in that we do need more leisure time than our jobs allow us, and change our lifestyleto a type that is more relaxing. Besides, according to scientists, avoiding the pressure and stress ofwork can make us healthier and live longer. So, why not try out Ms. Arrieta’s advice for yourself,slow down, and think about being lazy?Short conversationsConversation 1M: I think the government could provide some money for homeless people to build their ownhomes. Homeless people would find it easier to get jobs if they had an address. W: It’s not a bad idea. But I wonder where the money will come from.Q: What does the man think the government could do?Conversation 2W: You see, some colleagues are not as active and efficient as usual and few have made anyprogress in their business recently.M: Why don’t we organize some social activities, such as a baseball match? Our colleagues canlearn to help and cooperate with one another.Q: What does the man suggest to change the situation?Conversation 3W: I need to go across town, but the traffic is so heavy at this time of day.M: When you take the subway, you don’t have to deal with traffic. I never drive home. Driving atthis time may be slower than walking.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?Conversation 4W: Have you heard? Kate quit her job and went to Africa to work as a volunteer! M: Really? I really admire her courage. I think we should all extend an arm of help, love andcompassion to help poor people become self-reliant financially and psychologically.Q: What does the man think we all should do?Conversation 5W: You know there are many creative ways to reuse items. For example, old shoe boxes can beused for storage and plastic containers can be used for growing plants.M: I never realized that we could be so green. I just learned to recycle glass bottles. Q: What are the two speakers talking about?Long conversationW: Hey, John! Everything OK? You look upset.M: Oh, hi Kate. I was in the cafeteria eating alone. James from accounting walked by, sat down toeat at the table right next to me –didn’t say a single word to me. I wondered why. W: Is that the main thing stressing you out, John?M: No, I was silly to feel bad about that. What I am stressed about is my workload. My manager,Steven, is a great guy. He always counts on me to get the work done. But I have five meetingsthis week and two big projects to complete by next Monday. I don’t see how I can finish. I’mreally worried I’ll let my team down.W: I have some free time on Friday and over the weekend. I can help you with your extra work ifyou’d like. I know that feeling of being overwhelmed with work. It’s awful. I’d like to help.M: Really? You’d do that for me?W: Of course I will! John, a lot of us really admire your work. Some of us have asked to work onyour team. You’re a great example to us, John. You shouldn’t doubt yourself. I’m glad to helpout.M: Wow, Kate. Thanks!W: We could ... discuss it over dinner on Thursday. My treat!M: Wow. No ... I mean I get to buy dinner, Kate! How about the new restaurant on 6th Street, 365?It’s called 365 because it offers local, seasonal foods –fall, winter, spring, and summer –healthy choices with wonderful fresh fruits and vegetables. Let’s meet at 7 p.m. W: Sounds wonderful! Thursday, 7 p.m. at the new restaurant 365 on 6th Street. Perfect!Passage 1More than half of working Americans are dissatisfied with their jobs, according to a survey.That’s bad news for employers because workers’discontent can hurt productivity and hinderinnovation.Lynn Franco, co-author of the report, says Americans’job satisfaction is at its lowest level inmore than two decades: Only 45.3 percent of workers say they are satisfied with their jobscompared with 61 percent in 1987.The report was produced by the Conference Board, a non-profit organization that helpsbusinesses strengthen their performance. It is based on a survey of 5,000 US households. It showsa drop in satisfaction in many aspects of an employee’s work life, including interestin the job,dealing with co-workers and bosses, commuting and job security. As a group, neither youngpeople who are just entering the workforce nor employees who are about to retire, Franco says, arehappy with what they do.Only about 36 percent of workers under the age of 25 say they are currently satisfied withtheir jobs. And it’s not much better among baby boomers. Twenty years ago, more than 50 percentof baby boomers were satisfied. Today, that’s down to 46 percent.The most satisfied group of workers in the survey was those aged 25 to 34. Franco suggeststhat they may see some opportunities for upward mobility as baby boomers retire. The Conference Board survey also asked about the reasons behind job dissatisfaction. Thereare economic reasons such as wages, promotion policy and bonus policy that are sort of adding tothis level of dissatisfaction. In addition, workers are also dissatisfied with the benefits: vacationpolicy, family-related leave time, work schedule flexibility, and a variety of other factors as well.Short conversationsConversation 1W: I’ve read a lot about this young singer in the music press. She’s certainly creating a stir. Is shereally that good?M: She’s absolutely brilliant. Each of her performances has been a sell-out. Her mix of rap andfolk music is unique and awesome.Q: What does the man say about the singer?Conversation 2M: So here we are in Rome, Italy. In the next four days, we are going to have a full schedule.W: I’m so excited. Rome has been my dream city. I can’t wait to see the historical buildings, visitthe art galleries and eat real Italian pizza. By the way, shall we start with the famous CapitolineMuseums tomorrow?Q: What are the two speakers mainly talking about?Conversation 3W: Besides modern opera, which you are studying now, are there any other areas of the arts youenjoy?M: All sorts. I like pop music, and I very much enjoy pencil drawing. But what interests me mostis poetry, especially American poetry in the early 20th century.Q: What’s the man’s area of study?Conversation 4M: Hi. I am calling to inquire about the exhibit of ancient Greek sculptures you are now hosting.Could you please tell me the admission fee and the opening times?W: Sure. Admission is free. The opening hours are 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Mondays through Thursdays,10:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. on Fridays, and 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. on Saturdays and Sundays. Q: How long does the exhibit open on Saturdays?Conversation 5W: Darling, let’s check out the reviews of this movie online. If it’s good, we should watch it.M: I think we should. To watch a silent movie is certainly not something common in modern days.The actors must have superb skills to attract the audience if they do not say anything.Q: What is special about the movie?Long conversationW: This feels like a dream ... The last time I was in San Francisco was 30 years ago, when I wasyour age, 15 years old. So much has changed in the city–but you know–many of the sites arejust the same.M: Wow! San Francisco is as beautiful as a picture! I can’t believe it! Let’s get going! Let’s lookat the map and take the streetcar to the Golden Gate Bridge.W: Yes, of course. But, wait–let’s just take a moment to look at the Golden Gate Bridge fromhere–up high on the hill. See how amazing the sun looks, shining on the bridge there highabove the water? Sometimes the best way to really enjoy something is to see it from differentangles and perspectives.M: Yes! Just beautiful from here! OK! Let’s get going! Wait! You know what, Aunt Lucy, I’mreally, really hungry! May we eat before we head out to see the Golden Gate Bridge?W: Yes, of course we can. We’re already here in Chinatown and near my favorite Chineserestaurant. Even after 30 years have passed since I last visited, it’s still busy and active.M: That’s great, Aunt Lucy!W: And, it’s right here!M: Wow! This is amazing! The man inside the window is making noodles by hand–just by pullingon the flour dough. I’ve never seen anything like it before. How?W: Yes, I know. It’s amazing, right? And the food is delicious, too! Sometimes the best way toenjoy culture is to simply slow down and truly experience it. We have five full days here inSan Francisco. Let’s go slowly and enjoy every moment!Passage 1The Mona Lisa is probably the most famous painting in the world. It was created by Leonardo da Vinci, the famous Italian artist, between around 1503 and 1506. The subject is thewife of a wealthy silk merchant of Italy. The woman’s husband requested Da Vinci to portray heras a celebration of their home’s completion and the birth of their second son. What is it about thispainting that has created such a lasting impact on the artistic world?One factor is the artist himself. Leonardo da Vinci was not only an artist, but also a scientist,an architect and an engineer. His knowledge of the human form came from the study of actualhuman bodies, so he was able to draw and paint it more accurately.Another factor is the material used for the painting. The Mona Lisa is an oil painting, butunlike other paintings, which are usually created on canvas, the Mona Lisa has a wood panel asthe surface. The use of a wood panel makes it possible for the work to have survived for centuries.Lastly, the style and techniques used for the painting make the Mona Lisa a masterpiece. DaVinci presented precise details in the subject’s hands and face. He applied a shadowing techniqueat the corners of her lips and her eyes, which gives her an unbelievably lifelike appearance. Healso created a background with aerial views and a beautiful landscape. His remarkable skills leftbehind no visible brush marks at all.All these factors–Da Vinci’s talent, the medium used for the painting, the style andtechniques applied in the work–contribute to the lasting and mysterious beauty of the Mona Lisa.Short conversationsConversation 1M: There is not much worth in reading the newspapers these days. They have more pages butfewer words that really matter.W: You said it! All you find in them are advertisements and celebrity gossip. I wish they coulddirect more attention to issues that are more important to society.Q: What does the man think of today’s newspapers?Conversation 2W: Hello. Today on Business Focus I am talking about knowledge management with Mr. AdamJohnson, the Human Resources Manager of a multinational company. Mr. Johnson,how hasknowledge management changed the way your company works?M: In lots of ways. The most significant change occurs in how we manage the process of ourproject development …Q: What is the woman probably doing?Conversation 3W: Recently, reality television has swept across almost all channels: matchmaking, job hunting,and talent shows. I don’t know why people are so crazy about it!M: In my view, some people watch reality TV because it makes them feel they’re better thanothers. They may also enjoy seeing other people get embarrassed.Q: What does the man say about reality TV?Conversation 4W: I think teenagers today experience a different social reality from what we had before.M: Exactly. When we were kids, we would hang out with friends, chatting, or going to movies.That’s our experience, but what we see now is that young people are choosing to live online.Q: How do young people socialize today according to the man?Conversation 5W: Much has been said about how anti-social the Internet and mobile phones are, butI think communications technology is bringing people closer.M: Yes, I’d go along with you on that. With these modern tools, there’s a new kind of connectionbeing built within families.Q: What does the man think of modern communications technology?Long conversationW: Hey Billy! It’s 7:30 p.m.! Turn off your TV and computer. Come down to dinner. It seems yourfather is finishing his conference call with his team in China.M: OK Mom. Coming. But why is Dad on his computer while I can’t be on mine! W: Billy, your father is working. But you are chatting with your friends aboutcelebrities!So your father needs to be on his computer. And you don’t!M: OK. Sorry, Mom. What are we having for dinner? Pizza?W: Pizza?! I’ve made us a nice dinner of roast chicken, mushroom soup and vegetable salad. Ieven made chocolate cake for dessert –and you want pizza!M: Just kidding Mom! I love your cooking! Mmm I’m hungry, and it smells delicious!W: Billy! I told you to shut down all electronics!M: Mom! This isn’t fair. You told me to turn off my computer and my TV –you didn’t say allelectronics –and you didn’t mention my cell phone! I have to check the news! My favoritegolf player just got in trouble for drunk driving! Please Mom! I have to find out! W: You can’t go five minutes without having your eyes on a screen! Hand me your phone. Now! Iam turning it off so we can have a nice dinner.M: OK Mom. Fine! Here’s my phone.W: Now, where is your father?M: Will you make Dad do the same? We never have family dinner anymore without Dad being onelectronics!。
新视角大学英语视听说教学教程4(第二版)听力原文与答案解析保证全部整合
绝对最新！新视野大学英语视听说教程4（第二版）听力原文与答案Unit 1 Enjoy your feelings!Lead inOver the moon-Happiness Out of sorts-SadnessHit the roof-AngerII(1)M :I'm beside myself with joy. I'm so lucky. Guess what? I've won a lot of money in the lottery. W:Really? Well, you do know that money is the root of all evil, right? Q:What does the woman mean? (3)M: Susan, I hear you're going to marry that guy. Maybe you'll regret it. W:Is that so? Only time will tell. Q:What does the woman imply?(2)W:Mary was furious when her son wrecked up her car. M: He shouldn't have driven a car on his own without a driver'slicense. He's still taking driving lessons.Q: What do we know about Mary's son?(4)M:Mary, I just want to say how sorry I was to learn of your mother'spassing. I know how close you two were.W:Thank you. It was so sudden. I'm still in a state of shock. I don't know what to do.Q:Which of the following is true?(5)W :I get furious at work when my opinions aren't considered just because I'm a woman.M:You should air your views more emphatically and demand that your voice be heard.Q:What is the woman complaining about?C BD A Dl Listening InTask 1 what a clumsy man!Maria:Jack, can you help me move this heavy box?Jack:No problem, Maria. Here let me lift this end... Oops!Maria:Ouch! My foot! Come on, can't you be a little more cautious?Jack:I'm so sorry. It was an accident. No need to be furious!Maria :You're always so clumsy, Jack. I'm really losing my patience with all the stupid mistakes you make around the office.Jack:Calm down, Maria; I'll certainly be more careful next time. This was just anaccident.Maria :If you aren't more careful, then next time someone could be badly hurt. Oh, look! The glass in the box is all broken now. Mr. Johnson is going to fly into a rage.Jack:Oh no! What can I do to keep him from hitting the roof?Maria :Well, you can begin by helping me clean up the mess and then honestly tell him about your mistake.Jack:Maybe if I offer to pay for the damage, he won't be so angry. What do you think?Maria :That might help solve the problem, though it could be quite expensive to replace it.Jack:Well, I'm willing to do what it takes to keep Mr. Johnson from exploding. I need to keep my job!Keys: A C D C BTask 2 causes of depressionHello, everyone. Today I invite you to join me in an exploration of the causes of depression. There are many factors involved, but I believe some deserve special attention.Heredity certainly plays a role. The tendency to develop depression may be inherited; there is evidence that this disorder may run in families. Physiology is another factor related to depression. There may be changes or imbalances in chemicals which transmit information in the brain, called neurotransmitters. Many modern antidepressant drugs attempt to increase levels of certain neurotransmitters so as to increase brain communication. While the causal relationship is unclear, it is known that antidepressant medications do relieve certain symptoms of depression.Researchers also study psychological factors. They include the complex development of one's personality and how one has learned to cope with external environmental factors, such as stress. It is frequently observed that low self-esteem and self-defeating thinking are connected with depression. While it is not clear which is the cause and which is the effect, it is known that sufferers who are able to make corrections to their thinking patterns can show improved mood and self-esteem.Another factor causing depression is one's early experiences. Events such as the death of a parent, the divorce of the parents, neglect, chronic illness, and severe physical abuse can increase the likelihood of depression later in life.Some present experiences may also lead to depression. Job loss, financial difficulties, long periods of unemployment, the loss of a spouse or other family member, or other painful events may trigger depression. Long-term stress at home, work, or school can also be involved.It is worth noting that those living with someone suffering from depression experience increased anxiety, which adds to the possibility of their also becoming depressed.Keys: (1)families (2)chemicals (3)information (4) certain symptoms (5)self-esteem (6)thinking patterns (7)mood (8)divorce (9)physical abuse (10)financial difficulties (11)stress (12)anxietyTask 3 happiness indexAustralians were the happiest people in the world according to a survey undertaken by two market researchers. They conducteddoor-to-door surveys and interviews with nearly 30,000 people in 30 countries. They asked respondents how satisfied they were with their overall quality of life. Forty-six percent of Australians proclaimed to be "very happy" and expressed optimism about their future. Following them in the "very happy" group was the USA (40 percent), Egypt (36 percent), India (34 percent) and the UK and Canada (32 percent). Hungary got thewooden spoon, finishing bottom of the happiness chart. Thirty-five percent of its citizens said they were either "disappointed" or "very unhappy", followed by Russians at 30 percent.The research demonstrated that money and age were key determinants in how happy people are. Although the study did not indicate money could buy happiness, it did reveal a link between a lack of money and unhappiness. Less happy populations were found among lower-income groups or the unemployed.The study also suggested that on the whole, the older we become, the less happy we are. Globally, teenagers are the happiest people. The age group with the lowest levels of happiness was 50-59. Only 16 percent of those in their 50s said they were very happy.The factors that make us happy include good health, financial security and a happy marriage. Material comforts such as cars, clothes and gadgets ranked comparatively low.Keys: B D A A Cl Let’s TalkWhen I first met my parents, I was really shy, and I was, and I was in my foster home and I ran upstairs, shy, and I was in my bedroom crying, andmy mum came up and said, "Oh William, are you OK?" and I ignored my mum, 'cause I didn't know her and I was scared. So, then my foster mum came up and I came down and we had some fun time. It was nice when I first arrived. I thought, "Oh goody, two sisters, I can play with them." But now it's just, "Oh no, not them again!" I argue with one of my sisters about her rabbits, 'cause she doesn't let me touch them. Well she does, but...When I have a bit of a bad time with my sister, I go and speak with my mum and my dad. I feel most comfortable speaking to my dad about all my worries and stuff. I wish I had a brother in this family, but then it's just nice (being...) having two sisters, but I'd rather have a brother anyway. I mix with different people. I'm mostly friends with adults, 'cause I normally see adults more than children for some reason, I don't know why. It was scary going from my primary school to secondary school, but then that's just me growing up, and I've got to take the chances and take, just take what I've learned already and just move on and learn different things.Keys: (1) shy (2) crying (3)scared (4) came down (5) fun (6) nice (7) two sisters (8) argue (9) touch (10) bad time (11) speak (12) comfortable (13) brother (14) adults (15) children (16) secondary (17) growing up (18) learnl Further Listening and SpeakingTask 1: Big John is coming!A bar owner in the Old West just hired a timid bartender. The owner of the establishment was giving his new employee some instructions on running the place. He told the timid man, "If you ever hear that Big John is coming to town, drop everything and run for the hills! He's the biggest, nastiest outlaw who's ever lived!"A few weeks passed uneventfully. But one afternoon, a local cowhand came running through town yelling, "Big John is coming to town! Run for your lives!"When the bartender left the bar to start running, he was knocked to the ground by several townspeople rushing out of town. As he was picking himself up, he saw a large man, almost seven feet tall. He was muscular, and was growling as he approached the bar.He stepped up to the door, ordered the poor bartender inside, and demanded, "I want a beer NOW!"And with one strike of his heavy fist, he split the bar in half. The bartender nervously handed the big man a beer, hands shaking. He took the beer, bit the top of the bottle off, and downed the beer in one gulp.As the terrified bartender hid behind the bar, the big man got up to leave. "Do you want another beer?" the bartender asked in a trembling voice. "Dang it, I don't have time!" the big man yelled. "I got to get out of town! Didn't you hear Big John is coming?"(S1) owner(S2) running(S3) drop(S4) run(S5) local(S6) yelling,(S7) lives(S8) As he was picking himself up, he saw a large man, almost seven feet tall.(S9) The bartender nervously handed the big man a beer, hands shaking.(S10)I got to get out of town! Didn't you hear Big John is comingTask 2 Reason and emotionEmotion is sometimes regarded as the opposite of reason, as is suggested by phrases such as "appeal to emotions rather than reason" and "don't let your emotions take over". Emotional reactions sometimesproduce consequences or thoughts which people may later regret or disagree with; but during an emotional state, they cannot control themselves. Thus, it is generally believed that one of the most distinctive facts about human beings is the contradiction between emotion and reason.However, recent empirical studies do not suggest that there is a clear distinction between reason and emotion. Indeed, anger or fear can often be thought of as an instinctive response to observed facts. The human mind possesses many possible reactions to the external world. Those reactions can lie on a continuum, with some of them involving the extreme of pure intellectual logic, which is often called "cold", and others involving the extreme of pure emotion not related to any logical argument, which is called "the heat of passion". The relation between logic and emotion merits careful study. Passion, emotion, or feeling can reinforce an argument, even one based primarily on reason. This is especially true in religion or ideology, which frequently demands anall-or-nothing rejection or acceptance. In such areas of thought, human beings have to adopt a comprehensive view partly backed by empirical argument and partly by feeling and passion. Moreover, several researchers have suggested that typically there is no "pure" decision or thought; that is, no thought is based "purely" on intellectual logic or "purely" on emotion—most decisions are founded on a mixture of both.Key : A B C C DTask 3 Every cloud has a silver liningPat:You look depressed. Are you feeling blue? I've come to cheer you up.Ted :But there's nothing that can cheer me up. I'm down in the dumps. Life's miserable.Pat:You have to try to get your mind off things.Ted:But I can't. I just feel there's too much pressure on me sometimes!Pat:You can't let things get you down. Learn to relax and stop worrying all the time. What's your problem anyway?Ted:I failed my last exam, and another exam is coming. What can I do?Pat:If I were you, I'd start working hard. If you work hard for a long time, you're bound to get better grades. You see, "no pain, no gain."Ted:It's easier said than done. I get bored after reading only for 15 minutes. Pat:You have to learn some self-discipline.Ted :Worse than that! If I work for half an hour, I get a headache. Then I start to worry about passing the next exam.Pat:It's all in your mind. Stay cheerful and everything will soon be OK.TedBut how can I stay cheerful all the time?:Pat:Try to look on the bright side of things.TedBut what if there isn't a bright side?:Pat:You know the saying: Every cloud has a silver lining. It means there're always two sides of everything—both the dark and bright sides. So, try toidentify your strengths and then bring them into full play.TedOh no! Your old sayings are making me even more depressed.:Key : T F F T Fl Viewing and speakingReporter:They are, of course, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, but whena certain Dr. Livingstone chanced upon them 150 years ago, one canonly presume he didn't indulge in this...Attendant5, 4, 3, 2, 1 BUNGEE!:Reporter:The Victoria Falls, long a favourite with tourists, now a mecca forbungee jumpers from across the globe. They launch themselves fromthe bridge spanning the magnificent gorge. At 111 metres, it's thehighest natural bungee jump in the world.Man:It just goes by so fast and just you don't really know what's happening.Simple as that, you don't know what's happening.Woman:Um, it's pretty awesome, yeah it's cool!Reporter:Briton Tim Barker is nervously contemplating his first ever jump; the first time he's trusted his life to an ankle harness and an elasticatedrope.AttendantYou gotta check one...#1:AttendantCheck two...#2:AttendantYou gotta check one and two...#1:TimI'm crazy. I don't know.Barker:AttendantA bit of adrenalin?:TimNo, I think I'm stupid!Barker:AttendantBUNGEE!:Reporter:Are you glad you did it?TimYeah, I am. I'd never do it again though. No way!Barker:Reporter:The world's bungee aficionados describe this as the ultimate thrill, what you might call the alternative Victoria Falls. The experts arealready taking danger to the limits, plunging into the Zambezi beforespringing back skywards. But if sheer fear isn't enough to deter you,the price, £60 a jump, probably will. These thrills don't come cheap! Key ：(1) Seven (2) 150 (3) favourite (4) bridge (5) 111 (6) fast (7) Simple (8) trusted (9) stupid (10) did (11) No way (12) ultimate (13) limits (14) skywards (15)£60 (16)cheapUnit 2 Beauty can be bought.IfdaehibcjII(1)W:Did you hear that Helen got that modeling job? Her dream wascoming true.M:Wow, that's great! All that walking practice really paid off. And for once she won't be complaining about being so tall.Q:Why did Helen get the modeling job?(2)M:Julia, come and see the Miss America contest on TV. All those beautifulwomen are walking around in bathing suits, so the judges can decide whohas the best figure.W:Bah! That's the worst kind of exploitation. They are treating women like toys for people to enjoy. I would never take part in this kind of contest. Q:What do the speakers think about the beauty contest?(3)W:What shall I do? I'm fat. I want to be slim and beautiful, but I'm fat. I'vetried all the new diet—high carb, low carb—but nothing works.M:Those diets are just fads, popular for a while and then forgotten. Just follow the usual diet with fruits, vegetables, fish, water, and get plenty ofexercise. Before long you'll see results.Q:What has the woman tried?(4)W1:I think Lily is really attractive. She's half Spanish and has this really sultrylook about her.W 2:That explains why she tans so well. I've always been jealous of her skin color in the summer.Q:Which of the following is true of Lily?(5)M :Trust me. It was right there on the Internet: "Plastic surgery increasing at a faster rate among men". Apparently more and more men are trying to improve their appearance.W:I saw it too on the news. Facelifts, nose jobs, and Botox to hide wrinkles are now very popular with men. They say it's for business reasons, but we know it'svanity.Q:What does the woman think the real reason is for men to have plastic surgery? BACDBIII1.Susan:Rebecca, nice to run into you here. Shopping for anything special?Rebecc a:Yes, Susan, makeup. You know, there's a new boy in my law class and I want to make an impression on him.Susan:I'm the one who wears makeup, not you. I've always thought you lookedvery attractive without makeup—you know, sort of natural.Rebecc a:Well, thanks, Susan, but most girls wear makeup these days and I want to compete.Susan:Maybe I can help. My suggestion is that you start with a good makeup base. Look here, this one is made from natural products from the DeadSea, so it won't irritate your skin.Rebecca:OK. A bit expensive, but I guess I'm worth it. What's next?Susan:You want to give a good overall impression. You have beautiful eyes, so you should highlight them with some mascara to make your eyelasheslook fuller and thicker.Rebecc a:I'll buy this one—also made from natural products. How about eyeliner too?Susan:Yes, but you want a subtle color to bring out the green in your eyes...without looking like a clown!Rebecc a:That's what I want... to make other girls into green-eyed monsters. How does this one look?Susan:Good choice. Now if we can add a bit of color to your cheeks, you will be the classiest of the class.Rebecc a:Thanks! But you haven't said anything about lipstick. I'll need a tube of that, too.Susan:This color will perfectly complement to the rest of your makeup. You look elegant and classy.CAADB2.Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. I hope you'll find it interesting learning how to be fashionable without spending too much money.Sure, some famous stars always look stylish. They have unlimited clothing budgets that put the latest looks at their fingertips! But you can also look amazing without spending lots of money on your wardrobe. Simply try the following suggestions on for size.First, make seasonal purchases; that is, you should buy winter coats, leather jackets, bathing suits, and summer dresses at the end of the season. You'll get major discounts as you stock up for the next year.If you want clothes to wear right now, go to discount stores. They may not be the place to buy an expensive evening dress, but they're perfect for buying things like T-shirts.There is yet another cheap way to buy stylish clothes. Many department stores have store brands, which offer current styles but are much cheaper than big-name brands.To save money, an important principle is not to buy "outfits". With the exception of suits, interchangeable pieces are more affordable.Wear-with-anything pieces are always a good buy. For example, you can almost always wear a pair of black trousers and a white dress shirt; you can wear them several times a week, paired with different accessories. Accessories such as nice shoes and fashionable bags make even the simplest outfit look polished.Finally, a great haircut always helps. When your hair looks fabulous, you look more stylish and fashionable.Correct answerthe enddiscountsT-shirtsbig-name brandsInterchangeable piecesblack trousersseveral timessimpleststylish and fashionable3.A beauty contest, or beauty pageant, is based mainly, though not only, on the physical beauty of the contestants. But often it also includes personality, talent demonstration, and question responses as criteria of judgment.The origin of modern beauty pageants can be traced to the Miss America Pageant, which was first held in Atlantic City in 1921. This pageant eventually included preliminary eliminations, an evening gown competition, musical variety shows, and judging by the panel. Still, the contests were at first shunned by middle-class society. Pageants did not become respectable until World War II, when beauty queens were recruited to sell bonds and to entertain the troops. The Miss America Pageant is the largest provider of college scholarships for women in the world.Many trade associations have multi-level beauty contests which select queens as ceremonial representatives. The queens may appear at official receptions to present awards, to represent the industry in festivals, to present consumer information to the public, or even to lobby for the industry. For example the South Carolina Watermelon Queen may do a tour of supermarkets to do tastings of different varieties of watermelons. With the increasing popularity of beauty contests, winners have becomerole models for many young girls. They aspire to become a beauty queen one day.However, there are also criticisms of beauty contests. Although some contests are not based purely on physical appearance, "unattractive" contestants are unlikely to win, no matter how talented, intelligent,kind-hearted and educated they are. In addition, since "beauty" in these pageants is usually represented by unusually thin women, some people question this concept of beauty. Worse still, if a pageant violates the religious or cultural practices of a country, it may cause protests and demonstrations.ABACDV let’s talkTask 1In the early part of the 20th century, few people paid attention to fashion. It was only the very wealthy who changed their clothing styles to what they thought were the latest fashions of the day. Fashion in the 1900s was designed to give women an hourglass or s-curved figure. This was achieved by using a tightly fitting corset, stiff underwear worn around their hips and waist to make the body look slimmer. Compared to the last century, women's dresses became lighter in construction andmaterial. A popular style in this period was the lingerie dress, a very light white cotton dress with strips of open lace and net. In the 1900s women's hats began to grow larger. A trend in the early part of this decade was to wear them tilted slightly forward. In Europe, men's clothes had become more formal, but the opposite was true in the United States. There the popular style was brightly colored shirts with hard white collars worn under sporty jackets. In the 1900s men's hats continued to be very popular and were worn by both the rich and the poor. When a new type of hat was first introduced, there was often a period when people from different classes wore it. However, after some time usually members of only one class would wear it. In the early 20th century, top hats were typically worn by wealthy people especially at formal occasions, such as weddings and church services. Often they were accompanied by silk gloves and a cane. Poorer people, on the other hand, particularly younger workers, would usually wear cloth caps.wealthyclothing stylesfigureslimmerconstructionlightlargerformalbrightly coloredthe rich and the poorone classoccasionsPoorer peopleFurther listening > Task 1Stylist:Morning, sir. This chair, please. What can I do for you?Nick: A simple haircut—short on the back and sides.Stylist:Very good. I can, of course, do something more fashionable for only $60. Nick:Sixty dollars! That's highway robbery—twice what I ordinarily pay. Stylist:Perhaps, sir. But your haircuts haven't been in harmony with your character. Your hair is at war with your soul.Nick:I've never heard of such a thing.Stylist:I'm an expert at matching hairstyles to personalities, if I may say. Believe me, you're suffering a "disjunction".Nick: A disjunction? What the devil is a disjunction?Stylist:Your hair does not match you.Nick:This is utter nonsense. However, I'd like to hear how you'd solve this so-called problem.Stylist:Your character is artistic, imaginative. But your hair is dull. I can correct that imbalance in seconds.Nick:OK, let me see what you can do about the... uh... disjunction, as you call it. Stylist:We're going to use scissors to create peaks, which we'll keep in place with a liberal helping of gel... This tuft in the back we'll braid into a pigtail.Now, it's the new you!Nick:I love it. It's just like me: imaginative and artistic. Now what are you doing? What's wrong?Stylist:Something's preventing your hairstyle from being a true fashion statement.Nick:For heaven's sake, tell me what's missing.Stylist:Streaks. By putting in a few yellow streaks in your hair, it will become a work of art. Streaking will cost you more, but...Nick:Do it. Forget the cost. But, by the way, what is the total getting to be?How much am I paying to avoid the disjunction?Stylist:That's... $135. Sir? Sir, are you all right? Oh, he fainted.CAABATask 2John:There goes Camilla. She looks gorgeous today, doesn't she? Her skin is as smooth as a baby's bottom. Her lips are a perfect Cupid's bow. She musthave dozens of admirers.Becky :I wonder what she looks like without all that makeup. She must put it on with a spoon. It's like a mask. I don't understand what men find so attractive about her.John:Do I detect a hint of jealousy?Becky:She has nothing for me to be jealous about.John:I'll bet you believe in those sayings like, "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."Becky :True beauty comes from within. Natural materials should be enough to bring it out.John:But do you always stick to those rules? I remember seeing you in the kitchen with some green substance smeared all over your face.Becky :They were cucumbers. They're natural healers of the skin. Haven't you heard people say on TV that they soften the skin, wipe out the roughness, and build strength and resilience?John:Yeah, yeah, yeah! They wipe out lines and age signs. Blah, blah, blah! See, I can even recite that advertisement.Becky:You've learned a lot, haven't you?John:Since you can keep your skin so young-looking and maintain your figure so well, you might as well write a book on beauty secrets.Becky :Don't pull my leg. Anyway, you'd do well to try the cucumber treatment on yourself. Put some cucumber slices on your head. At least they'll keep that bald spot from shining so brightly.BABABTask 3Susan:Hi, Rebecca, are you all excited about the big trip?Rebecc a:Hi, Susan. I sure am. Mix business and pleasure and travel on an expense account.Susan:It looks as if I'll have to pay extra for overweight luggage. How did you manage to fit everything into one suitcase?Rebecc a:You need to pack smart. First, I chose two colors, and then built my wardrobe around them.Susan:But we will need clothes for dress, casual wear, and sometimes sort ofin-between "dressy casual".Rebecc a:That's all true enough, but I have a pair of black dress slacks, with black shoes to match. If I wear that with my turquoise silk blouse and a matching necklace and earrings, I will look dressed up.Susan:Sure you will, but that is only one outfit.Rebecca:If I wear a T-shirt with the same slacks, I am more casual. Susan:And you really have two outfits, don't you?Rebecc a:Well, not really, I have three. If I bring a pashmina, or a dress scarf, I can dress up the T-shirt into casual chic.Susan:Three outfits? But your suitcase doesn't look nearly that full!Rebecc a:Yes, and if I add a skirt that works with the blouse and the T-shirt, it increases the number of my wardrobe combinations even more.Susan:And different accessories, necklaces and scarves, for example, will give you a different look again without adding much weight.Rebecca:Now my suitcase will be half empty, with lots of room for shopping. Answers：。
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多视角大学英语听力方法
听力的提高固然与整体语言水平有关，但更重要的还必须通过大量的听力的实践来提高。
一个人即使读和写的能力较强，如不经过听力训练，听的接受能力仍是很低的。
有的人在听英语时，尤其是进行听力测验时，试图“捕捉”每个声音并逐一做出内容上的反映，以为这样就能较好地理解内容，这种作法是不必要的。
特别是在听长段的内容时，常会遇到生词及不熟悉的短语或语法结构，这种作法的消极后果就会明显地表现出来，你无法正确理解整段内容的意思。
因此，当考生在做听力练习时，应学会抓住要点和关键词，以掌握讲话的主要内容。
为了提高听力效果，考生应在听力训练过程中，有意识地注意以下六个方面的训练：
(1) 加强储存记忆(memory span)：做到这点需要按意群捕捉讲述内容，不要一字一字地听，而要抓住关键词或句。
听完一段不可能一字一句地回忆，而要建立整体概念。
(2) 加强及时反映(immediate recall)：只有当你建立了整体概念，才能立即回忆。
(3) 做简短笔记(brief note taking)：在听较长材料时，用缩写或自己能看懂的文字做些速记，如：数字、地点、人名，关键词等。
(4) 多做听写和记笔记的训练(dictating¬e taking)：这种练习有助于储存记忆，训练抓住关键词或句，以至中心思想。
(5) 精听与泛听(intensive&extensive listening)：同一段内容反复听若干次，这样有助于增加记忆的持续时间；听不同内容的材料，有助于增加听各种不同声音，口音及语速的经验。
前者属于精听，后者为泛听，两者应有机结合起来。
(6) 训练听与寻找答案同时进行(looking for the right answer while listening)：在听的同时迅速浏览各项选择，只需细看各项选择的不同部分，而相同部分只看第一个，这样可以节省时间以便多做思考。
考试时应注意几点：
1．通读选择项
对话内容、提出的问题以及试卷上提供的选择项之间有着不可分割的联系，问题是根据对话人的意图、态度或其他细节提出的，因此，选择项目就会或多或少地反映出来。
如果选择项是表示时间的，那么问题一定是用“When”、“What’、或“How long”之类的疑问词提出的，对话中也必定会谈到某个事件发生或持续的时间。
同样，选择项若是关于地点的，那么问题一定是用“Where”一类的疑问词，对话的内容也是谈某事件发生的地点等。
通读选择项可使考生心中有数，听时会有侧重地去听，由此节省很大精力，使自己处于主动地位，而无须被考试牵着鼻子走。
2．注意对话环境和说话人的意图
弄清对话环境对我们回答问题有很大帮助。
不同人之间谈话内容各有不同：售货员和顾客谈话内容不会与医生和病人谈话内容相同。
充分理解这种环境对考生回答诸如职业、身份、地点问题有不可低估的作用。
对话人的意图、态度和反应也是试题中的重要部分，这类问题比较隐晦、含蓄，考生也应给予足够的重视。
提示词语和信息为解题提供依据。
提示词语可以是一个词，也可以是一个词组，提示性的信息也可以是语音语调。
在很多情况下，能否正确理解这些提示词和信息决定了能否正确地回答问题。
为了帮助考生确实做好考前模拟训练，我们首先要向考生介绍的是有关听力理解第三部分题型的种种对策：
(1) 事先掌握对话的出题方向和形式
a)把握对话的逻辑顺序：首先把男女对话设定为Speaker 1和Speaker 2(以下简称S1与S2)。
S1的话通常都以叙述或疑问句型出现，比较容易理解。
相反，对S2的内容则要求较高的理解力。
而且常常决定能否正确回答第三人(Third Voice)的问题。
所以，考生务必把握S1和S2对话的逻辑形式。
b)假设对话的状况：试题中均为两人一组的对话，所以考生一定要假设这种对话的状况，以便作答。
c)列出频率最高的题目内容：从近几年来的英语听力试题部分的出题趋势来看，问题的种类都被局限于几种形式，似有某种程式化的倾向，尤其S1和S2的对话，90％以上都以
S2的话为问题的重点。
所以，对S2所说的内容务求完全了解。
(2) 熟悉英文习语或惯用语
(3) 由对话推测答案的动词意义
a)不要被听力的声音误导
b)选择同义动词
c)注意时态
有时选择答案中，动词时态会与题目有出入。
在同一题的四个答案中，可能分别使用现在式、将来式、现在完成式、过去式、进行式等不同的时态，因此边听题目边看答案是必要的。
通常必须注意时态的题目，大约都是What is S1 saying about A?(第一说话者就A说
了些什么？) 或 What does S2 mean?(第二说话者的含义是什么？)等题型。
B。