构词法(1)
高中英语构词法 (1)

二、转化:
由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性.
(1) 动词 名词: taste (v.) taste (n.) It tastes good. It has a good taste. (2) 名词 动词: hand (n.) hand (v.) Let’s go hand in hand. Please hand in your exercise books after class. (3) 形容词 动词: clean (adj.) clean (v.) Her room is clean and tidy. She cleans her room everyday.
extraction (提取) forehead, foretell
9)
in-, im-, 表示“向内,在内,背于”
inland, invade, inside, import
10)
11)
under-, 表示“在…..下面,下的” underline, underground, underwater up-, 表示“向上,向上面,在上” upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)
2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀
1)
a- 表示“在……之上”,“向……”
aboard, aside, by- 表示“附近,邻近,边侧” bypath, bypasintel-, 表示“在……间,相互” international, interaction, internet mid-, 表示“中,中间” midnight, mid-autumn
三、派生:
由一个词根加上前缀 或后缀构成另外一个词。
1.表示否定意义的前缀
disdishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, illegal, impossible, immoral, irregular mismisunderstand mislead nonnonsense nonstop ununable, unemployment anti-, antantiknock( 防震), antiforeigner,(排外的)
十大词性之构词法(1)

易成教育个性化辅导讲义教师姓名瞿芳学科英语上课时间讲义序号学生姓名年级组长签字日期课题名称十大词性之构词法(1)教学目标认知构词法的分类掌握常见的词缀教学重点难点熟记常见的词缀合成课前检查作业完成情况:优□良□中□差□建议__________________________________________教学过程词汇是学习语言的基础,理解和掌握构词法可以提高记忆单词的效率,有助于我们扩大词汇量。
英语构词法主要有:合成转化法、派生法、混成法,截短法和首字母缩略法,其中前三种最重要。
一、合成(Compounding)由两个或更多的词合成一个词,有的用连词符号“一”连接,有的直接连写在一起。
合成法主要有:(1)合成名词:①n+n→nclassroom, schoolyard, spaceship, newspaper,postman, housewife, 等。
②adj +n→nmainland, blackboard,gentleman, newcomer(新来者),best-seller(畅销书),shorthand( 速记)③v+n→npickpocket(扒手),breakwater(防水堤), runway(跑道),rush-hour(高峰时间),rubstone(磨刀石)④-ing+n→ nreading-room, waiting-room, sleeping-pill(安眼药), writing desk⑤adv / prep +n →nafternoon, onlooker(旁观者)⑥n+ing→nhandwriting(书法),sightseeing, horse riding, sun—bathing(日光浴)⑦n+adv→npasser-by (过路人) breakthrough(重大突破)get-together, turn-off(断开), ,breakdown(衰落)⑧adv+v→noutbreak(爆发), output(输出),input, downfall(垮台)⑨n+介词短语→nfather-in-law(岳父),son-in-law(女婿),command-in-chief(总司令),comrade-in-arms(战友)(2)合成形容词①adj / 数词+ n+-ed →adjone-eyed (独眼的),three-legged②adj+-ing →adjgood-looking (相貌好看的),easy-going(随和的),English-speaking,③adj+n→adjlow-price, high-class(高级的),second-hand(旧的),everyday,large-scale(大规模)④n+adj→adjlifelong(终生的),nationwide(全国性的),worldwide, world-famous,color-blind(色盲的),airsick(晕飞机的)⑤n+ 分词→adjman-made, state-owned(国有的), radio-equipped, sunburned(晒黑的)peace-loving(热爱和平的)fun-loving(爱开玩笑的)⑥adv+分词→adjwell-known, widespread (分布广的),well-informed(消息灵通的),hard-working(勤劳的) Far-reaching(深远的)long-lasting(耐用的)(3)合成动词①adv +v→voverthrow(推翻),undergo(经历),uphold(高举), overhear(无意),output(输出),input,②n+v→vsleep-walk(梦游),daydream(做白日梦),spoonfeed(填鸭式灌输),sun-bathe, mess-produce (大规模生产)③adj+v→vwhitewash(粉刷),blacklist(列入黑名单),dry-salt(干腌), deep-freeze(冷藏)(4)合成副词①adv+adv→advhowever, whenever, moreover(而且), therefore,②adj+adv→adveverywhere, nowhere, somewhere, anywhere,③n+adv→advheadfirst(头朝下),daylong(整天),nightlong(通宵)④adv+n→advdownstairs, upstairs, downhill, inside, westward, upward,(5)合成代词some, any, every, no 可与-thing –one, -body 合成代词,代词宾格(物主代词)+self(selves):something, everything, anyone nobody, yourselves, himself,二、转化( conversion )由一种词类转化成另一种或几种词类1.n→advLet‘s go hand in handPlease hand in your exercise books after classwater:水→浇水 place:地方→放置 land:土地→着陆design:图案→设计 seat:座位→使就座 book:书→预定2.adj→vHer room is clean and tidyShe cleans her room every dayquiet:安静的→使…静 slow:慢的→使慢下来back:后面的→支持,使后退 warm:暖和的→使暖和3.adv→vPlease sit downThe government easily downed(打倒)riot.near:附近地→靠岸 up:向上→抬起, out:在外→赶出further:更进一步地→促进4.v→nHe visited the summer palace yesterdayWe paid a visit to the scientist last weektaste::尝起来→味道 use::使用→用处 fly:飞行→苍蝇:cause:引起→起因 show:显示→节目 guess:猜→猜想:5.adj→nWe are very youngThe cow took good care of her young( 幼畜 )right: 正确的→权利 native:本地的→本地人major:主要的→主修科目fat:肥胖的→脂肪三、派生(derivation)由一个词根加上前缀和(或)后缀构成另一个词。
高中英语构词法大汇总

构词法(一)名词(也有少数动词)+-y变成形容词,-y意为:“多……的;像……一样的。
有些要去掉词尾的-e,有些要先双写末尾一个字母,然后再加-y.anger+y=angry 生气的hunger+y=hungry 饥饿的beam+y=beamy 放光的;愉快的;辐射的blood+y=bloody 血腥的;出血的bone+y=bony 多骨的;皮包骨头的boss+y=bossy 专横的,爱指手划脚的bush+y=bushy 浓密的cat+y=catty 敏捷的;狡猾的;阴险的cheek+y=cheeky 厚颜无耻的,不要脸的cheer+y=cheery 愉快的,活泼的chill+y=chilly 寒冷的;不友好的cloud+y=cloudy 多云的;阴郁的cock+y=cocky 趾高气扬的,骄傲自大的dirt+y=dirty 肮脏的fat+y=fatty 肥胖的;油腻的fault+y=faulty 有错误的,有缺点的feather+y=feathery 羽毛似的;轻软的fog+y=foggy 多雾的fox+y=foxy 狡猾的fun+y=funny 有趣的glass+y=glassy 明净的;(眼)无神采的gloom+y=gloomy 黑暗的;朦胧的;悲观的greed+y=greedy 贪婪的gust+y=gusty 多阵风的hair+y=hairy 多毛的hand+y=handy 手边的;方便的;手巧的haze+y=hazy 有雾的;模糊的heart+y=hearty 热情的;多情的hill+y=hilly 多山的health+y=healthy 健康的home+y=homey 温暖的;舒适的;亲密的ice+y=icy 结冰的;冰冷的;冷淡的juice+y=juicy 多液汁的;多雨的;有趣的;有力的;绚烂的;油水多的laze+y=lazy 懒惰的leaf+y=leafy 叶茂的leak+y=leaky 漏的,有漏洞的length+y=lengthy 过长的;冗长的luck+y=lucky 幸运的milk+y=milky 奶色的,乳白色的mist+y=misty 有薄雾的;模糊的;糊涂的mood+y=moody 心情多变的;情绪低落的mop+y=moppy 拖把似的;(头发)蓬乱的mouse+y=mous(e)y 多鼠的;胆小的;悄悄的mud+y=muddy 多泥的need+y=needy 贫困的noise+y=noisy 喧哗的oil+y=oily 油腻的;圆滑的peach+y=peachy 桃色的;漂亮的;极好的pick+y=picky 过分讲究的;过分挑剔的pig+y=piggy 猪一般的;肮脏的;贪婪的price+y=pric(e)y 价格高昂的rain+y=rainy 多雨的risk+y=risky (爱)冒险的rock+y=rocky 多岩石的room+y=roomy 宽敞的,有很多空间的rose+y=rosy 玫瑰红的;红润的;乐观的rust+y=rusty 生锈的;变迟钝的;陈旧的salt+y=salty 咸的;风趣的;老练的;泼辣的sand+y=sandy 多沙的;沙质的seed+y=seedy 多籽(核)的;成熟的sex+y=sexy 性感的scare+y=scar(e)y 惊慌的;胆小的;骇人的shade+y=shady 阴凉的shadow+y=shadowy 多荫的;有影的shake+y=shaky 摇晃的;不稳定的;有病的shell+y=shelly 多贝壳的;有壳的shine+y=shiny 晴朗的;发亮的show+y=showy 炫耀的;显眼的;艳丽的shower+y=showery 多阵雨的;阵雨(般)的silk+y=silky 丝绸般的;奉承讨好的silver+y=silvery 银色的;(声音)清脆的skin+y=skinny 皮包骨头的sleep+y=sleepy 想睡的;困乏的;懒散的;寂静的smell+y=smelly 难闻的smoke+y=smoky 多烟的;烟状的sneak+y=sneaky 偷偷摸摸的,鬼鬼祟祟的snow+y=snowy 多雪的;雪白的speed+y=speedy 迅速的sport+y=sporty 像运动员的;花哨的star+y=starry 布满星辰的stick+y=sticky 粘性的stone+y=ston (e)y 多石头的;冷酷的storm+y=stormy 多风暴的;烈性子的;激烈的sun+y=sunny 阳光灿烂的,晴朗的sweat+y=sweaty 汗湿透的;吃力的taste+y=tasty 好吃的,可口的tooth+y=toothy 多齿的;露齿的trick+y=tricky 狡猾的;困难的water+y=watery 多水的;水汪汪的;淡的wave+y=wavy 多浪的;波动的wealth+y=wealthy 富裕的weed+y=weedy 杂草丛生的wind+y=windy 多风的;狂暴的wine+y=winy 像酒的;醉态的;(空气)清新的word+y=wordy 多言的;冗长的构词法(二)-age:行为及其结果,动作的结果,场所,情况,总称,身份。
英语八年级上册知识讲义 构词法(1)

构词法(1)【考向解读】中考对构词法的考查主要集中在:1. 掌握基本的构词法2. 中考中的题型和大体分值:阅读理解(2分以上)【重点点拨】一、知识精讲(一)为什么要学习和掌握构词法?掌握基本的构词法知识,对于正确地识记单词,扩大词汇量,提高记忆速度和记忆效果,培养自学能力,具有非常重要的意义。
(二)什么是英语构词法初中阶段,英语的构词法通常包括:合成法(Compound)转化法(Conversion)派生法(Derivation)(三)合成法(Compound)1. 什么是合成法?把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词的方法叫做合成法。
合成后的词,其意思一般是两个词意思的合并。
【例子】c lass + room = classroomblack +board= blackboard典例说出下面词的意思1. sunglasses2. earring3. toothpaste4. hairdryer答案:1. 太阳镜 2. 耳环 3. 牙膏 4. 吹风机思路分析:合成词的意思就是两个词意思的合并。
2. 合成的方法(1)直接写在一起。
【例子】hardworking riversideheadache upstairs(2)用连字符(-)连接【例子】green-housemiddle-agedfive-year-oldman-made(3)由两个分开的词构成【例子】school boyworld widecredit cardtraffic lights典例写出学过的合成词答案:football bedroom policeman fast food polar bear five-meter-long3. 合成的方式(1)名词合成词(合成的词是名词)1)名词+名词horseback 马背 basketball 篮球classroom 教室 newspaper 报纸2)形容词+名词blackboard 黑板green-house 温室gentleman 绅士loudspeaker 扩音器3)动词+名词break-water 挡浪板 driveway 马路pick pocket 扒手 typewriter打字机4)副词+名词over coat 大衣 underclothes内衣5)动名词+名词reading-room阅览室 hiding-place 藏身处6)介词+名词afternoon下午 underground 地下7)名词+介词+名词editor-in-chief总编辑 father-in-law 岳父8)名词+动词daybreak黎明 handshake 握手典例用下面的词填空1. ’s bright and sunny2. I’m late because there was a __________ in the center of the city.3. She didn’t go to see the film because she couldn’t find a ________ for the children.4. My _________ didn’t ring this morning and I didn’t wake up.5. Jake Chan is a famous ___________.答案:1. sunglasses 2. traffic jam 3. baby-sister 4. alarm clock 5. film star思路分析:合成词的意思就是两个词意思的组合。
英语构词法1

4、动词→名词 例:buy →buy
v.买 n.购买,便宜货
stand →stand
v.站,立 n.立场,支架
watch →watch
v.观看 n.手表
5、形容.好
past →past
n.过去
rich →rich
adj.丰富的 n.有钱人
n.利益,好处 adj.过去的
• 表示化学名词:-ane methane(甲烷 -ide oxide(氧化物) -one acetone(丙酮) • 表示身份、地位:-age pupilage(学生身份) -cy captaincy(船长身份、职务) -dom serfdom(农奴地位) • 表示“……学”:-logy zoology(动物学) -ics electronics(电子学) -ry forestry(林学)
二、合成
• 1、名词+名词 n. schoolboy男学生 raincoat雨衣 football足球 • 2、形容词+名词 n. blackboard黑板 sweetheart爱人 madman疯子 • 3、动词+名词 n. pickpocket扒手 cut-throat凶手 breakwater防波堤 • 4、副词+名词 n. overcoat大衣 upside上边 outlook远景,眺望
• 12、形容词+名词+ed adj. whole-hearted全心全意的 white-haired白发 的 open-minded胸襟开阔的 • 13、名词+分词 adj. man-eating吃人的 man-made人造的 time-saving省时的 • 14、副词+分词 adj. never-ending永不结束的 well-known出名的 far-reaching深远的 • 15、形容词+分词 adj. good-looking好看的 ready-made现成的
英语单词构词法举例(初稿) (1)

英语单词构词法举例世界上的语言种类繁多,丰富多彩,可谓争奇斗艳,百家争鸣。
有法国人自以为最美的法语,全世界最通用的英语,最具文化底蕴和历史内涵的汉语,听起来像跑步机一般的西班牙语,舌头打滚的俄语,等等。
随着改革开放的脚步,中国在现代化建设的过程中,随着对外交流的日益增加,外语的学习已成为了每个学生的必修课,甚至列入了高考。
而英语是我国普及面最广,学习人数最多的外语。
在大家学习的过程中,常常会听到这样的抱怨:“英语单词太多!”“英语单词怎么背都记不住”。
甚至有人丧失了学习的信心,说:“我没有语言天赋”。
作为一名电大的商务英语系学生,我对英语有着浓厚的兴趣,并很乐意在这里和大家探讨一下英语单词奇妙有趣的一面,揭开它神秘的面纱,相信你看完后一定会觉得,原来,不同语言之间竟存在着如此惊人的相似之处,英语单词也可以像汉字那样记忆,它并没有想象中那么深奥难学。
话不多说,让我为大家逐一道来。
首当其冲——前缀其实,单词也有偏旁部首。
有同学一定要问了,单词不就是26个字母嘛,难道单词也有偏旁部首吗?没错,汉字有,单词亦有。
一般来说,一个英语单词可以分成三个部分:前缀(prefix),词根(stem)及后缀(suffix),而位于词根前面的部分就是前缀了。
前缀的作用可不小,它往往决定单词的意义偏向。
不信,我们一起来瞧一瞧。
从种类上来看的话,常见的前缀有以下几类:接下来,让我们一起细看一下前缀及它的例子:一:表示否定的前缀dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。
例:disadvantage(缺点),dishonorable(不光彩的),disagree(不同意)in-加在形容词,名词,动词之前。
例:incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)im-加在字母m,b,p之前。
例:immaculacy(无污点的),imbalance(不均衡状态),impudence(厚颜无耻)il-加在以l开头的词前。
专业英语中的构词法(1)

-ous,如:porous, analogous类似的, 相似的, 可比 拟的, fibrous(纤维性的), nervous, gaseous等. -tight, -proof, -resistant, 如:air-tight connection, heat-resistant material, moisture-proof coating等. 词根与后缀之间的连字符”-”可以省略.如:fireproof brick=fireproof brick.
使用过去分词形成的修饰词,如:compressed air, lubricated bearing轴承. (3)前缀+形容词,这类修饰词有: im-,in-,un-(=not),如:immiscible(不能混合), immature, impure, insufficient, inactive, inelastic, irrespective, irrational, irresponsible, unchanged, unstable, unknown, unlimited等. super-(=above, more than),如:superficial表面的, 肤浅 的, 浅薄的, supersonic, superconductive超传导现象的, 超电导的, superman等. (4)拉丁语或希腊词根+后缀,有: -al,如:constructional, structural, fundamental, axial, experimental, thermal, vertical, horizontal等. -ar,如circular, linear, nuclear, granular(粒状的), solar, tubular(管状的)等. -ic,如:metallic, electronic, atomic, automatic, static, intrinsic(指价值、性质)固有的, 内在的, 本质的
英语构词法(1)

英语构词法(版权所有:吴耀武) 1.表示否定或反义的常用词缀:2.表示时间的常用词缀:3.表示数字的常用词缀:4.动词化常用词缀:5.名词化常用词缀:6.形容词化常用词缀:7.表示属性的常用词缀:8.表示方向、位置的常用词缀:9. 表示程度的常用词缀:10.其他常用词缀词根:阅读难点关键句200句(以包括译文)1. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the child'sideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.2. But it will be the driver's responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.3. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a localdelivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.4. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.5. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.6. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.7. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能)and emotion, and determine the human character.8. Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.9. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.10. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.11. We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you.12. But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours. 13. We are, however, not the less obliged by your kind offer, though we refuse to accept it; and, to show our grateful sense of it, if the gentlemen of Virginia will send us a dozen of their sons, we will take care of their education, teach them in all we know , and make men of them.14. In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earth's postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.15. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives. We are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.16. Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.17. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.18. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it , let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.19. The first time that the question " What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with anycommercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.20. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.1、老师注重错误没错,但是如果他更注重孩子的思想的话,他失望的表现会使孩子有提高的动力。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
n.成分,组成的要素;选 民,选举人
a.组成的,构成的
---Only art can substitute for nature
---He holds that ignorance leads to superstition.
5.institute
['institju:t]
• 2.c↔s↔z↔x↔k↔g↔q(u) (↔ct↔ght↔ch↔tch↔sh↔th↔ck↔sc) 例:act行动↔agent代理;sure确信的 ↔certain确定的 max至多↔much许多↔most最多; • cut切↔short短的 see看见↔seen see的过去分词↔scene情景 ↔screen屏幕
av:鸟 aviary大型鸟舍 aviation飞行,航空 navigation航海 av:鸟 nav:舟 Noah fly 飞 气流 wing 鸟 航 flow 流 水流 swim 鱼
航
navy海军 naval.a.海军的,航海的 army 陆军
He seized the occasion to invite her home for
[ə'keiʒən]
n.场合,时机,机会
15.stare [stɛə] glare瞪 39.startle ['stɑ:tl] band—bound stand—stound astound使大吃一
惊,使惊讶 astonish stun
v/n.凝视,注视
vt.使惊吓;使吓一跳; 使惊奇 vi/n.惊吓;惊跳;惊奇
---He remained consistent in his opposition to
anything new. ---His behavior is consistent with his
teaching. 1.consistent 2.persist insist. resist consist [kən'sistənt] [pə'sist]
a.前后一致的;与„ 一致的,符合的 v.持久,持续 ---Why do you
persist in writing these things? ---He insisted on my going with him.
3.transistor resist
[træn'zistə]
n.晶体管
[kən'stitjuənt] 4.constituent constitute组成,
12.sum sum up 35.astronaut nau nav舟
[sʌm] ['æstrənɔ:t]
n.总数,总量 v.合字母转换——包括元音转换和辅音转换。 A、元音转换(ablaut或vowel mutation): • 单双互换,即英语单元音和双元音之间时常可以比较固 定地互相转换。这是印欧语系各语言的一个共同特征, 同时伴随语法功能的变化。如 i、a、u在 sing,sang, sung中的变换。 a↔e↔i↔o↔u↔y↔ea↔ee↔oo↔ay↔ey↔w↔aw↔o w(此处w系半元音)…… 记忆口诀:元音是一家,不分你我他。
16.starve starvation 17.atmosphere 18.sphere
[sta:v] ['ætməsfiə] [sfiə]
v.(使)饿死,饿得慌,
挨饿
n.大气层;气,大气, 气氛 n.球;球体
19.hemisphere semiconductor 半导体duct引导 hemi/semi=half
dinner.
13.catastrophe phe=phenomenon
“客太死桌飞” disaster灾害,灾难,不幸 cat(a)= down落下catalogue目录 (分述在下)
[kə'tæsrəfi]
n.大灾难;(悲剧)结局
14.occasion chance机会,偶然性
casual偶然的 case情况,病例,案例
v.重新开始 ,恢复 n.简历 vt.假定,假设;推测,认为---
I presume you will approve of the plan
star星aster-词根:星astro-前缀:星
10.summary 11.sumarize [„sʌməri] ['sʌməraiz]
vt.概括,总结
n.摘要,概要 a.概括的,简略的
• 5. l↔m↔n↔r(填充字母) • 例:see看见↔seem象是↔seen看见(see的过 去分词); sea大海↔sail航海;climb攀登,爬↔creep爬 • 6.h 常不发音 • 例:three三↔tricycle三轮车↔trike三轮车;god 神,上帝↔ghost鬼 • 记忆口诀:辅音结成对,清浊是同类。
wind---winter
v.承担,担任;假装;
假设; 采取;呈现
---The kids soon consumed all the food on the table.
---They proposed that he should resume his job as farmhand.
29.consume [kən'sju:m ] vt.消费,消耗; 吃完,喝光 resume consumer presume consumption 30.resume 31.presume [ri'zju:m] [pri'zju:m]
n.学会,研究所,学 院 v.设立,设置
6.substitute
['sʌbstitju:t]
n.代替人;代替物;代用 品 v.(for)替代,取代
n.迷信;迷信行为
7.superstition
[,sju:pə'stiʃən]
8.statistic statist国治主义者
statistics统计学 statistical.a.
3.d↔t↔s ↔ ge 例:send送↔sent送(send过去式); wind风↔vent通风口; bad坏的↔worse更坏的(bad比较级) ↔worst最坏的(bad最高级) mouth嘴↔mouse鼠(老鼠是啮齿类动 物); sport运动↔speed速度
• 4. g↔j↔y • 例:young年轻的↔junior年少的,下级的; major主要的↔mayor市长 gel凝胶体↔jel凝胶体↔jell凝结↔jelly果冻
[stə'tistik]
a.统计(上)的;统计学的
9.statute
constitute status statue stature
['stæ tju:t]
n.法令,法规;成文法
I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it.
28.assume [ə'sju:m] sum=take抓, 摘,拿,取,吃 summer sume spring sprinkle harvest carve砍
C.英语元音和辅音在构词时还具有如下特性:
*元音特性: 1、填充音节:multimedia多媒体(mult-表“多”与 media“媒体”中间的元音i系填充音节。) 注:填充音节一般是a、e、i、o、u、y只使发音连贯, 对词义没有影响。 2、自由移位:alt高音↔tall高的(元音a由t前移到t后) gel凝胶体↔glue胶水(元音e由l前移到l后;e↔ue) 注:英语元音比较“圆滑”,时常发生位置移动现象。 *辅音特性: 1、填充字母:see看见↔seen
['hemisfiə]
n.半球
20.spin
[spin]
v.旋转,纺纱 旋转,自转 n.脊柱,脊椎 ;棘,刺
21.spine
22.spiral
[spain]
['spairəl] n.螺旋(形);螺线
a.螺旋(形)的 v.螺旋上升 a.旋转的,转动的
23.rotary ['rəutəri] roll滚筒,滚动 24.rotate [rəu'teit] vi.旋转,转动(+around) ---The earth rotates from west to east.
• 例:water水↔wet潮湿的↔sweat汗 (a↔e↔ea)词义都与“水”有关; head头↔hood头巾(ea↔oo) 词义都与“头” 有关; bat棍棒、球棒↔bet打赌↔beat打 (a↔e↔ea) 词义都与“打”有关;
edible?
• B、辅音转换(consonant mutation): • 清浊互换,即英语清辅音与浊辅音之间时常可以比较固 定地互相转换,并在此基础上有所发展,具体分为六 组: • 1.b↔p↔f↔v↔w(↔ph)(因为h字母常不发音,又因 为ph读音[f],所以p↔f) 例:bean豆↔pea豌豆; • pair一双↔fair公平; • safe安全↔save救 • father父亲↔pater(英俚语)父亲↔patron赞助人 ↔patriot爱国者; group团体↔crew全体人员; • foot脚↔boot靴子、(计算机)启动
see的过去分词↔scene现场↔screen屏幕↔seem(看 上去)象是(s↔sc;n,r,m均系填充字母。虽然词义发 生变化,但基本含义都是“看”。) 注:填充字母一般是l、m、n、r对单词读音和词义都产 生影响,但并未产生根本影响,基本含义未变。
• 2、附带字母:sleep↔slept(ee↔e;t系附带字母) act动作↔fact事实(f系附带字母) 注:附带字母一般是d、t、b、p、f、ght等,对单 词读音和词义都产生影响,但也并未产生根本影 响,基本含义也未变。 这两个口诀,是由“根词”推出“词根及其变体” 的重要根据,也是“构词法类单词”与“非构词法 类单词”最终实现统一和整合的前提。能否灵活 运用“字母转换两大原则”进行熟词(foot足, head头)与生词(boot靴子,hood头巾)之间、根词 (sit,stand)与词根(“sid”坐;“sist、stat”站)之 间的推导是能否真正理解英语单词演化“奥妙” 的前提,要求读者务必牢记,并在实践中不断总 结。