初中英语语法系列-过去完成时
初中英语语法——过去完成时
初中英语语法——过去完成时初中英语语法——过去完成时过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
过去完成时是一种相对状态，情调动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
1.过去完成时谓语动词的结构形式过去完成时谓语动词的结构形式为：助动词had+过去分词。
had在句中没有人称和数的变化。
如：My father had left before I came here.My parents had begun to work by the time I got up.2.过去完成时的用法（1）表示在过去某时刻或在过去另一动作之前所完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。
如：She had learned English before she came to English.I asked him if he had ever seen a whale blowing.注意：与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：by the end of last week到上周为止，since he left自他离开以来，by that time到那时为止，before that year那年之前，long before很久以前，before I arrive在我到达之前，when I arrived在我到达时（2）表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间并可能继续下去的动作或状态，常与for 或since引导的表示时间的短语或从句连用。
如：He had studied English for five years when he went to the middle school.He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital.（2）由after，before，as soon as等连词引导时间状语从句，由于这些连词已经清楚地表明了主从句谓语动词的先后顺序，所以对于先发生的动作也可用一般过去时表示。
【初中英语】初中英语语法大全：过去完成时
【初中英语】初中英语语法大全：过去完成时【—过去完成时】过去完成时是表示过去的过去，通常是用had+过去分词构成了它基本的结构。
1）概念：指过去。
它的成分是had+过去分词。
2）用法a、动词后的宾语从句，如告诉、说、知道、听到、想等。
shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoparis.b、状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
执照一到，他们就逃跑了。
c.表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"3）在…之前、之前、直到、何时、之后、一次。
hesaidthathehadlearnedsomeenglishbefore.到了周末的时候，爱迪生已经开始独自生活了。
tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.典型例子thestudents___busilywhenmissbrownwenttogetabookshe___intheoffice.a、已经写好了，左边b、我们正在写作，已经离开了c、写了，走了d、我们正在写作，已经离开了答案d."把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。
句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。
因此前一句应用过去进行时。
小心：hadno…when还没等……就……Hadnosooner。
不仅仅是hehadnosoonerboughtthecarthanhesoldit.本章比较全面地介绍了过去完成时的含义和用法，包括典型例句的解答。
过去完成时知识点详解(初中英语专项复习) (7)
过去完成时知识点详解（初中英语专项复习）过去完成时是什么过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense)：表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。
它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。
一、概念：表示过去的过去，其构成是had +过去分词。
1.肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词+其他.2.否定句：主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他.3.疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+hadn't.4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+过去分词+其他？5.被动语态：主语+had(not) +been+动词过去分词+其他.二、用法：1.表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。
例如:He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night. (昨夜十点钟之前他已上床去睡了。
)2.与一般过去时搭配，表达某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。
例如：The train had started when I got to the station. (当我到达车站时火车已开走了。
)The minute I saw a lady getting off the bus, I knew it was she, for I had seen her before. (我一看到正在下公共汽车的那位女士就知道是她，因为我以前看见过她。
)解说：使用过去完成时在简单句里表达某一动作在过去的某一时刻已完成时，该过去的时刻常以“by +过去时间”的短语来表达。
例如下面的说法是不正确的：He had gone to bed at 10:00 last night.若是要说“at 10:00 last night”就必须用一般过去时“He went to bed...”。
过去完成时的用法与常见句型
过去完成时的用法与常见句型过去完成时是英语中一种表示在过去某个时间点或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态的时态。
它可以帮助我们更准确地描述过去的时间关系和事件顺序。
本文将介绍过去完成时的用法和常见句型。
一、过去完成时的用法1. 表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作或状态。
例如：- By the time I arrived at the party, they had already left.（当我到达派对的时候，他们已经离开了。
）- The train had departed when we got to the station.（当我们到达车站时，火车已经开走了。
）2. 表示在过去某个动作之前已经完成的动作或状态。
例如：- She realized she had forgotten her keys after she locked the door.（她在锁门之后意识到自己忘记带钥匙了。
）- He had finished his homework before he went out to play.（他在出去玩之前已经做完作业了。
）3. 用于虚拟语气中，表示过去的假设或不可能实现的情况。
例如：- If I had known about the party, I would have attended.（如果我早知道派对的事情，我就会去了。
）- She would have passed the exam if she had studied harder.（她如果学习更努力的话，就能通过考试。
）4. 与表示过去的时间副词连用，进一步明确过去的先后顺序。
例如：- After I had finished my work, I went to bed.（在完成工作之后，我上床睡觉。
）- When she had heard the news, she burst into tears.（当她听到这个消息时，她哭了起来。
英语时态：过去完成时
英语时态：过去完成时过去完成时（The Past Perfect Tense）表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。
它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。
Ⅰ. 句法结构：1.陈述句：助动词have过去式+ doneA. 肯定形式：主语+had+done+其他B. 否定形式：主语+had not+done+其他注：助动词had不构成实际含义，因为是过去式，所以也不用与主语进行人称和数的变化；而行为（实义）动词仍统一以done形式存在在结构中，没有进行人称和数变化。
2.疑问句：A. 一般疑问句：助动词提前即可Had+主语+done+其他B.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（同上）3.被动语态：主语+ had + been +done +其他【被动结构be done，时体现在助动词】➢两态变化例句参考下表：Ⅰ. 主要用法：过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样。
不同的是，过去完成时把时间推移到了过去某一时间之前，与现在无关。
常与by the end of, by the time ..., before等时间状语连用。
1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。
Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.2.表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作，常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。
By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.He said he had made great progress since he came here.3.放在said，told，asked，thought，wondered等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。
初中英语语法过去完成时
初中英语过去完成时态讲解试题过去完成时态1）过去完成时态的构成：肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词否定式：hadn't + 动词的过去分词疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词简略回答: Yes, 主 + have/has had.No, 主 + had现在完成时的用法过去完成时的用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。
他表示的时间是"过去的过去 "常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。
如：She said she had seen the film 4 times.When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading.By the time they arrived, the bus had left.2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。
常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing.A. studied, had goneB. had studied, wentC. has studied, goesD. had studied, had gone解析："他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年 "。
在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。
此题选B。
2. Mary said it was at least five years since he ______ a good drink.A. enjoyedB. was enjoyingC. had enjoyedD. would enjoy解析：It was + 时间段+since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。
学会初中英语中的过去完成时用法
学会初中英语中的过去完成时用法在学习英语的过程中，过去完成时是一个相对复杂的时态。
它用于描述在过去某个时间点之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态。
本文将详细介绍初中英语中过去完成时的用法，并提供一些例句来帮助读者更好地理解。
一、过去完成时的构成过去完成时由"had"加上动词的过去分词构成。
例如："had studied"，"had eaten"。
需要注意的是，过去完成时只能用于完成的动作或状态，而不能用于持续的动作或状态。
二、过去完成时的用法1. 表示在过去某个时间点之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态。
例句：- By the time I arrived at the cinema, the movie had already started.- He had finished his homework before his parents came back home.2. 用于过去的时间状语从句中，表示在过去某个时间点之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态。
例句：- I had already left when she called me.- They had gone to bed before the storm started.3. 用于虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的假设。
例句：- If I had known you were coming, I would have prepared dinner.- She would have passed the exam if she had studied harder.4. 用于间接引语中，表示过去某个时间点之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态。
例句：- He said that he had finished reading the book.- She told me that she had already seen the movie.三、过去完成时的注意事项1. 过去完成时通常与过去时态连用，用于描述过去发生的动作或状态。
初中英语过去完成时及详细讲解
初中英语语法及过去完成时详解过去完成时是英语中一种表示过去某一时间点之前已经发生的动作或情况的时态。
它由"had + 过去分词"构成。
过去完成时的用法如下：1. 表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作：①She had already finished her homework when I arrived.（我到达时，她已经完成了作业。
）这里表示在我到达之前，她已经完成了作业。
②They had left before the concert started.（音乐会开始之前，他们已经离开了。
）这里表示在音乐会开始之前，他们已经离开了。
2. 表示在过去某一时间点之前持续的动作或状态：①He had been studying English for three years before he moved to England.（在他搬去英国之前，他已经学习英语三年了。
）这里表示在他搬去英国之前，他一直在学习英语。
需要注意的是，过去完成时强调的是过去某一时间点之前的动作或情况。
因此，常与过去的时间状语连用，如before、after等，以明确指定过去的时间点。
另外，过去完成时常与过去简单时连用，用于表示两个过去的动作或情况的先后顺序。
过去完成时的动作通常发生在过去简单时的动作之前。
例如：①She had finished her homework before she went to bed.（她在睡觉前已经完成了作业。
）②They had already left when I arrived at the party.（当我到达派对时，他们已经离开了。
）总结起来，过去完成时用于表示过去某一时间点之前已经发生的动作或情况，常与过去的时间状语连用，以明确指定过去的时间点。
同时，过去完成时通常与过去简单时连用，以表示两个过去的动作或情况的先后关系。
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A: Last night.
did buy B: Where _______ you ________ (buy) it?
A: In the new bookshop. has bought 2. My friend _____________ (buy) a car.
bought He __________ (buy) it two years ago.
中考）
Present perfect tense
现在完成时
现在完成时
助动词have/has+动词的过去分词 结构： 用法1： 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造 成的影响或结果．
P
N
F
1. I have already finished my homework. 2. I have never seen him before. 3. He ___________ (lose) his key , and has lost he can’t get into his house now.
过去完成时
表示从过去某一个时候开始持续到过 用法二：
去的另一时间动作或状态． P N F
1. The film had been on for ten minutes when we arrived at the cinema. 2. She had worked in the factory by the end of last year.
现在完成时
用法2： 表示过去已经开始，并持续到现在（包 括现在在内）的动作或状态．
P 时间状语： 1. for+一段时间 N F
yesterday last … three days ago 2. since＋过去时间点 1997 since＋过去时句子 this morning then since I was born
1.李雷买这本字典3天了。
has had the dictionary Lilei ____________________ for three days.
2. 他们搬到这儿他的爷爷就去世了．
has been dead His grandfather ________________since they moved here.
Let’s do some practice:
1.. When his grandmother saw again, he had grown ____________ (grow) up into a tall yound man. (2005无锡市中考） 2.. Xiao Wang didn’t want to tell me had heard anything about what he _____ just ______ ( hear). (2006无锡市中考）
(2005无锡市中考）
has snowed 2. It ___________ （snow) twice in his hometown since a week ago. (2006无锡市中考）
has developed 3. So far, China _____________ (develop) about 1,360 kinds of green food. (2007无锡市中考）
have/ has gone to …去了某地
another place 1.Tom isn’t here. He _______________ has gone to Beijing. 2. --- Where is Mr. Li?
has gone to --- He _____________ Beijing, and he will come back in two weeks.
1. He __________ (see) the film twice, so he had seen didn’t go to the cinema with us. He ___________ (see) the film twice, so he has seen knows it very well. 2. It’s said that they ____________ (live) there have lived together since then. Mr Green said that he ___________ (buy) the had bought book the day before. had kept Mr Green said that he ____________ (keep) the book for two days.
一般过去时
时间状语： three days ago
Yesterday
Last … a moment ago = just now in the past in 1997
when +过去时句子
Let’s do some exercises:
1. It is said that the old church was built _________ (build) from the year 1845 to 1848. (2005无锡
have/ has been (to) …去过某地
another place
我以前从未去过那儿．I have never been there before. 他们去过英国两次了 I have been to England twice. 你曾经去过美国吗？ Have you ever been to the USA? －你去那里了？－我去老师办公室了 --- Where have you been? --- I have been to the teacher’s office.
现在完成时
用法2： 遇到表示一段时间的时间状语,瞬间动词必须改 成延续性动词或短语。 keep have buy _______ borrow _________ begin
be on _______ be dead _______
leave
___________ be away (from)
die
When and where did the snowstorm happened?
3. By the time she was fifteen, Kitty __________ had taught (teach) herself a foreign language. (2006无锡市 中考）
Present perfect tense and past perfect tense
join
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
come/ go to
_________ be in
be a member of／be in _______________________ be in _______
arrive at/ reach/ get to
Please translate the sentences into English
现在完成时
用法1： 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造 成的影响或结果． 时间状语： already, yet, just, ever, never, before
两 “去”
Have/ has been (to) … 去过某地 Have/ has gone (to) … 去了某地
两 “去”
have/has been to … 去过某地 have/has gone to … 去了某地 have/ has been in … 来/去/到/在某地 他来中国两年了． He has been in China for two years.
过去完成时
用法一： 动作在过去某一时间或动作之前已经 发生或完成，动作发生的时间是“过 去的过去” 1. She had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar. 2.The train had already left when arrived at the station. 3. She had to go back to shool, because she has left her book there. 4. By the end of last year, they had built more than ten bridges.
无锡市东降中学
计静燕
1. He has heard the song before.
（Present perfect tense 现在完成时）
2. He heard it two years ago.
（Simple past tense 一般过去时）
3. He said he had heard the song two years before.
past perfect tense
过去完成时
过去完成时
结构： 助动词had + 动词的过去分词 用法一： 动作在过去某一时间或动作之前已经 发生或完成，动作发生的时间是“过 去的过去” 时间状语： P N F
by +过去时间 , by the time +过去时的句子, when / before +过去时的句子
（Past perfect tense 过去完成时）
Simple past tense 一般过去时
一般过去时
结构: am, is, are --- was, were V-ed 用法：表示在过去某个时候发生的动作或
存在的状态.
I went to school by bike this morning. I was at school yesterday afternoon.