高考英语主旨大意题专项练习
高考英语阅读理解专题练习-主旨大意题
英语阅读理解专题指导－主旨大意题主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。
主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题。
因此，把握主旨大意对于正确理解全文具有重要意义。
要找出主旨大意，应采用快速阅读法浏览全文，阅读时要注意抓住表达中心思想的句子。
文章不同，中心句在文章中的位置也就不同，但一般情况下阅读时应特别留意文章的开头、结尾及各个段落的首句和尾句，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。
常见的命题方式：What is the main idea of this passage?What dose this passage mainly concern?The main theme of this passage is_____________The main point of the passage is___________Which of the following is the best title for the passage?The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is______The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_____Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下几种情况：1。
题句位于句首。
主题句出现在文首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。
这是英语中最常见的演绎写作法。
2。
主题句位于段末。
主题句出现在文章结尾是作者采用了先摆事实，后作结论的手法。
这种段落称作归纳型段落。
这是英语中最常见的归纳写作法。
3. 主题句首尾呼应。
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方法也较为多见。
高考英语听力理解主旨大意归纳单选题30题
高考英语听力理解主旨大意归纳单选题30题1.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.Going on a trip.B.Buying a gift.C.Visiting a friend.D.Planning a party.答案：B。
本题主要考查对对话主旨大意的理解。
通过听力内容可知，两人在讨论买什么礼物合适，所以正确答案是B。
A 选项“去旅行”在对话中未提及；C 选项“拜访朋友”不是对话的主要内容；D 选项“计划一个派对”在对话中也没有体现。
2.What is the conversation mainly about?A.Ordering food.B.Cooking a meal.C.Cleaning the kitchen.D.Decorating the house.答案：A。
对话围绕着两人讨论点什么食物展开，所以正确答案是A。
B 选项“做饭”、C 选项“打扫厨房”和D 选项“装饰房子”在对话中均未涉及。
3.What are the speakers discussing?A.Watching a movie.B.Reading a book.C.Playing a game.D.Doing homework.答案：A。
听力内容中两人在谈论看哪部电影，故正确答案是A。
B 选项“读书”、C 选项“玩游戏”和D 选项“做作业”与对话主旨不符。
4.What is the main topic of the conversation?A.Taking a bus.B.Riding a bike.C.Driving a car.D.Walking to school.答案：B。
对话主要围绕着骑自行车出行展开，所以答案是B。
A 选项“坐公交车”、C 选项“开车”和D 选项“步行去学校”在对话中未被提及。
5.What are the speakers talking about?A.Planting flowers.B.Watering the garden.C.Painting the house.D.Fixing the fence.答案：C。
高考复习(英语)专项练习：(阅读理解)主旨大意题——文章大意类【含答案及解析】
考点分类练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意类A(2021·山东烟台一模)The paper, published in May by the Journal of Marketing Research, analysed purchases made from a single large European retailer and found that free shipping did encourage customers to buy more. But it also increased purchases of items that historically have higher return rates, such as clothing or products from lesser-known brands. Thus, returns also increased as a result of the promotions, to the point where profits were erased.In one part of the paper, during the typically four-week periods when free shipping was offered, online order volumes rose 11%. But when the cost of returns was compared with the sales proceeds(收入), the authors calculated that on balance the results for the promotion periods amounted to an average 0.7% loss.In one analysis that ran for two months, the researchers found that the return rate for customers who bought low-risk products—like office supplies, or products from well-known brands—averaged about 22%.In another analysis, the researchers attempted to better understand motivations of online shoppers by measuring their attitudes towards free shipping. They found two things were happening. First, consumers saw free shipping as compensation for taking a risk on a product. Second, feelings of gratitude for having shipping costs eliminated(消除) made them happy and thus more willing to make a risky purchase.Prof.Neslin advises companies to look at whether their own free-shipping promotions are profitable before they launch such campaigns. Also, he advises companies to identify which products get returned more often than others and try to provide customers with more information about those products, so they can make more informed choices.1.What erased the profits according to the first paragraph?A.The risky customers.B.The European retailer.C.The returned items.D.The lesser-known brands.2.What can we learn from the passage?A.Consumers risked purchasing a product when free shipping came along with it.B.Free shipping encouraged customers to buy products from well-known brands.C.Online order volumes rose only when free shipping was offered as compensation.D.Purchases of office supplies also increased during the typically four-week periods.3.What is the passage mainly about?A.Low-risk products.B.Return rates.C.Increased purchases.D.Free shipping.B(2021·湖北黄冈高三4月模拟)An advance in electronic publishing could make the e-book you are reading seem as dated as a silent film. Publishers hope to explore the growing success of e-books by releasing versions with added soundtracks(电影原声音乐) and musical accompaniments.The noise in the first multimedia books—released in Britain—include the rain hitting a window in a Sherlock Holmes tale. When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores will create tension.Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for e-books and will add excitement for younger readers. Critics, however, will argue that the noise will ruin the simple pleasure of having the imagination stimulated by reading.Caroline Michel, chief executive of the literary agency, said the new generation of computer-literate readers was used to multiple sensory input. She said,“Young people have split computer screens where they may be watching television and replying to an email at the same time. If that’s what the market wants then we should respond to the market.”Booktrack’s sound effects work by estimating the user’s reading speed. Each time you “turn” a page, the software reassesses where you have reached in the text and times the sounds to switch on accordingly. If the soundtrack becomes out of sync(同步), a click on any word will reset it.Some authors fear that a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of reading. David Nicholls, author of Our Day, the best-seller now released as a film, said, “This sounds like the opposite of reading. I have enough trouble reading an e-book because I’m constantly distracted by emails.”Stuart MacBride sells 18% of his books as electronic downloads. He said,“If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don’t need someone to tell me what teacups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.”4.What do publishers expect an e-book soundtrack to do?A.Help to release an e-book as a film.B.Help readers improve reading speed.C.Add tension at a book’s exciting point.D.Get readers familiar with the background.5.Who is in favour of added soundtracks for e-books?A.Sherlock Holmes.B.Caroline Michel.C.David Nicholls.D.Stuart MacBride.6.What do we know about Stuart MacBride?A.He was a person who was easy to get angry.B.He knew a great deal of tea.C.Eighty-two percent of his books described crime.D.He imagined sounds related to the story when reading.7.What’s the main idea of the passage?A.Opinions about e-books with soundtracks.B.Response to the need of the book market.C.Reasons for traditional e-books becoming outdated.D.Suggestions on encouraging readers’ imagination.C(2021·湖南长郡十五校高三联考)For most people, graduation is an exciting day of the celebration of years of hard work. My graduation day was not.I remember that weekend two years ago. Family and friends had flown in from across the country to attend the celebration. But just like everyone else in my class, I had watched the economy turn from bad to worse. What I thought would take a week dragged into two, and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as I was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loan was drawing closer.You know that feeling when you wake up in fear? That feeling became a constant in my life. Days felt like weeks, weeks like months. And the most frustrating part was no matter how much I tried, I just couldn’t seem to make any progress.So what did I do to maintain my sanity(理智)? I decided to write. Something about putting words on a page made everything seem a little clearer—a little brighter. Something about writing gave me hope. And if you want something badly enough, sometimes a little hope is all you need! So I put my thoughts into a children’s book. And then one day, without any sort of writing degree or contacts in the writing world—just a lot of hard work and perseverance—I was offered a publishing contract for my first book! After that, things slowly began to fall into place. I was offered a second book deal. Then, a few months later, I got an interview and was hired shortly.The moral of this story is... don’t give up. Even if things look bleak now, don’t give up. If you work hard, things will always get better. Oftentimes all we need is the courage to overcome difficulties.8.From paragraph 2, we can learn that the author probably .A.was having an exciting graduationB.was getting into financial difficultiesC.missed the life in the universityD.had just applied for the student loan9.How did the author change the frustrating situation?A.By sending applications.B.By offering contracts.C.By keeping writing.D.By publishing books.10.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bleak” in the last paragraph?A.Unattractive.B.Hopeless.C.Thrilling.D.Promising.11.What is the passage mainly about?A.Success belongs to the persevering.B.A contented mind is a permanent feast.C.A smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner.D.Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.考点分类练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
2025届高考英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题策略及真题练习+课件
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段落大意题 纳
文章大意题
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主旨大意题(段落大意、文章大意、标题归纳) 旨在考查考生对段落大意或文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力 1.段落大意题 ① What does the author tell us in paragraph...? ② Which of the following can best summarize para....? ③ What is the...paragraph mainly about? 2.文章大意题 ① What’s the main idea/point of the passage? ② Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? ③ Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage? 3.标题归纳题 ① Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ② What would be the best title for the passage?
...“I was deeply attracted by the techniques. You can see why this bowl is so highly-valued from the very smooth porcelain body, silky glaze(上 釉 )and special blue coloring, which were never reproduced in later dynasties,” McAteer, an auction specialist, said...
高考复习(英语)专项练习：(阅读理解)主旨大意题——段落大意类【含答案及解析】
考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类A(2021·山东淄博高三三模)For 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to the unheard-of level. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea level to rise and has brought about a dangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment.The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat being kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming.The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The recent assessment report says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.74 degrees from 1906 to 2005, and that the average temperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, and the ice at the world’s poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars.Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference in Paris. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agreement that committed nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address global climate change. That was certainly an encouraging step for our earth and mankind!As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world. We don’t have much choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars!1.What does paragraph2mainly talk about?A.The information of industrial revolution.B.The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.C.The reasons of climate change.D.The result of extreme weather events.2.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.We have made great achievements.B.Some measures are still required to take.C.Mars is suitable for people’s living.D.Some countries will receive urgent aid.3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?(P:Paragraph)B(2021·陕西高三下学期模拟)Eating chocolate at least once a week could put off a heart attack, according to a new research. Chocolate is packed with plant chemicals that weaken inflammation(炎症) and help blood flow, explained scientists.Lead author Dr Chayakrit Krittanawong said,“Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart’s blood vessels healthy.” It collected data from six trials that examined the link over the past five decades. A total of 336,289 people reported their intake. Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery(冠状动脉) disease by eight percent. This was compared to peers who ate it less than once a week.Chocolate is known to produce the same chemical in the brain as falling in love. Dr Krittanawong said,“Chocolate contains healthy nutrients such as flavonoids(类黄酮), polyphenols and stearic acid which may reduce inflammation.”Known medically as HDL(high-density lipoprotein)(高密度脂蛋白), it helps to rid LDL (low-density lipoprotein) out of the body. When this collects, it causes vessels and arteries to become blocked up. It can stop blood flow to the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke. Dr Krittanawong said,“In the past, clinical studies have shown chocolate is beneficial for blood pressure.”Dark chocolate has long been known to have health benefits but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart. Dr Krittanawong pointed out his study did not investigate whether any particular type of chocolate was more beneficial—or if there was an ideal portion size. He said,“Chocolate appears promising for the prevention of coronary artery disease. But more research is needed to show how much and what kind of chocolate could be recommended.”While it’s not clear how much is perfect, Dr Krittanawong warned people against overeating. He said,“Moderate amounts of chocolate seem to protect coronary arteries but it’s likely that large quantities do not.”4.What does paragraph2mainly talk about?A.The result of the study.B.The process of the study.C.The participants of the study.D.The intention of the study.5.Which of the following can probably prevent blood flow?A.A heart attack.B.A stroke.C.High-density lipoprotein.D.Low-density lipoprotein.6.What does the recent study tell us?A.Chocolate is good for blood pressure.B.Dark chocolate is beneficial for health.k chocolate may also benefit the heart.D.Chocolate contains special plant chemicals.7.What’s Dr Krittanawong’s attitude towards chocolate’s preventing coronary artery disease?A.Indifferent.B.Hopeful.C.Negative.D.Uncertain.C(2021·辽宁高三3月联考)Few people realise that it takes many volunteers for one young child to have a half-hour riding lesson.I volunteer at Valley Therapeutic Equestrian Association (VTEA), close to the Washington State border. It takes a few paid staff and an army of volunteers—approximately eighty—to take care of a dozen horses and help with eighty or more children during the week. There is a large barn to clean, and hay nets and water buckets to brush and fill. Specific feeds for each horse must be prepared twice daily... The list is endless.To prepare a horse for a ride, someone has to bring it in from the outside, at times sinking into inches of black, sticky mud during the winter months. Usually, two volunteers groom(刷洗; 梳毛) the horse and put on the special saddle. Then they lead the horse to where the lesson takes place. There, one volunteer leads the horse, and usually two walk alongside for safety, one on each side. Then the horse must be returned to the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.Yet so many people willingly give their time—because the children need us. Ranging in age from two upwards, the children have varying degrees of mental disabilities. Some have severe physical disabilities. Riding strengthens their muscles and bones, enabling them to enjoy a more fruitful life.Throughout my past life as an accountant, business author and speaker, I volunteered on many fields and in many organisations. However, a terrible motor-vehicle accident changed my life in a split second when my car was hit—as was my head—causing severe brain injury. It was hard to accept a new “me”, until I discovered that I needed to do something that I have a passion for. I love horses, and working with them and with the children has helped turn my life around. The journey back has been painful but worthwhile. Now, fourteen years later, I am a different person.8.What is the main idea of paragraph2?A.Horses for riding lessons are cared for carefully.B.Horse-riding lessons bring children many benefits.C.Volunteers have much to do for a horse-riding lesson.D.Disabled children are taught horse-riding in a different way.9.What does the author think of her voluntary work in VTEA?A.Risky and thrilling.B.Tiring but worthwhile.C.Funny and enjoyable.D.Demanding but fruitless.10.What can be inferred about the author from the last paragraph?A.The accident transformed her thoroughly.B.Volunteering has brought her a win-win result.C.She’s never recovered from the injury.D.She wasn’t interested in voluntary work before.11.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Helping Children in NeedB.Surviving the Brain InjuryC.Volunteering: A Journey BackD.Horse-riding: A Hard Lesson考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
高考复习(英语)专项练习：(阅读理解)主旨大意题——标题归纳类【含答案及解析】
考点分类练(八)主旨大意题——标题归纳类A(2021·山东济宁一模)During a decline in tourism, one national park in Thailand has seen a dramatic rise in “visitors”recently. So many are the hermit crabs(寄居蟹) flooding into the otherwise empty beaches of Koh Lanta that shells for them to live in have become in short supply.The Thai government moved quickly to ease the housing shortage, launching a public appeal for empty shells that netted over 200 kg. On December 5 these were distributed around the park in a ceremony.Hermit crabs rely on shells to protect their soft bodies, moving to larger shells as they grow. On Koh Lanta and the surrounding smaller islands, their rapid increase seems to be a natural phenomenon, rather than directly related to the absence of tourists. But the shortage of shells may be man-made: pretty ones have long been gathered to be sold as goods. Crabs begun to make do with potential death-traps such as plastic caps and bottles.The shell drive is part of a government initiative to regain the balance of nature.“I have instructed all national parks to do whatever it takes,” says the minister for natural resources. His inspiration comes from the pause in tourism brought on by the epidemic. A ban on international visitors and the closure of national parks have helped nature recover, bringing endangered leatherback turtles back onto Thai beaches. In the coastal provinces of Phang Nga and Phuket, turtles have laid the largest number of eggs for 20 years.The government has decided to try to copy the policy during the epidemic in future. From now on, all national parks will be required to close for a short period during the off-season and to limit the number of tourists through a reservation system when they are open. Although such restrictions mean reduced earnings from tourism in the short term, in the longer run more parks may help to keep the tourists coming.1.What happened to the beaches of Koh Lanta recently?A.They got flooded by seawater.B.They became completely empty.C.They were packed with hermit crabs.D.They saw a constant stream of tourists.2.What contributed to the housing shortage for hermit crabs?A.Natural disasters.B.Human activities.C.Their preference for bottles.D.The government’s involvement.3.Why are turtles mentioned in paragraph 4?A.To warn turtles are dying out.B.To prove beaches are their ideal habitats.C.To stress the ecological diversity of Thailand.D.To illustrate the birth of the minister’s inspiration.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Developing Economy or Protecting Animals?B.Closing National Parks or Drawing More Visitors?ernments Are Responsible for the Balance of NatureD.Authorities Help to Find Shelters for Homeless Hermit CrabsB(2021·山东烟台一模)Many teachers believe frequent quizzes(小测验) help students better grasp classroom material. Crede, an associate professor of psychology, was skeptical that something as simple as a quiz could positively affect students’ academic performance. He decided to dig deeper and conduct an analytic study of existing research to see if there was any proof of the idea. What he discovered truly surprised him.Crede analysed data from previously published studies that examined 52 classes with almost 8,000 students, to determine if frequent quizzes improved the students’ academic performance. Laboratory settings were kept out of the study because Crede wanted to observe whether similar studies from labs would apply to general classrooms.Crede discovered that when students were quizzed over classroom material at least once a week, they tended to perform better on midterm and final exams compared to students who did not take quizzes. He also found that students who took frequent quizzes were less likely to fail the class, especially if they were struggling with the course content. Students who struggled the most in a class seemed to benefit the greatest from frequent quizzes. The other surprising thing was how much quizzes helped reduce failure rates in classes. The chances of passing a class went through the roof where instructors used this. In addition to quiz frequency, another factor that seemed to positively affect students’ performance was immediate feedback from instructors. Also, quizzes that required students to answer with written responses proved more beneficial to their understanding of classroom material compared to multiple-choice questions.Asking teachers to grade written quizzes daily or weekly may discourage some from carrying them out in their classes. Instead, it is recommended that instructors give online quizzes that can be automatically graded by a course management system. Quiz attributes(属性) proved insignificant in the study, including whether the tests were pop quizzes or planned, or if they were online or on paper.5.What did Crede do to ensure his study’s accuracy?A.He focused on what happened in classrooms.B.He researched as many students as he could.C.He made laboratory settings as real as possible.D.He gave easy quizzes to make every student do well.6.What did Crede discover in his study?A.Frequent quizzes could remove students’ failure in classes.B.Instructors’ feedback was more important than frequent quizzes.C.Frequent quizzes were especially useful to the struggling students.D.Multiple-choice questions shouldn’t be included in frequent quizzes.7.What may be a disadvantage of frequent quizzes for teachers?A.Accessing the Internet less frequently.B.Having too many exam papers to mark.C.Being unable to get appropriate test material.D.Finding it hard to choose the right type.8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Quizzes Stimulate a Passion for CreationB.Quizzes Improve Academic PerformanceC.Quizzes Create a Heavy BurdenD.Quizzes Increase BoredomC(2021·安徽安庆高三二模)Becoming a parent brings out the best in many animals. Although parenting is usually left to the females, the males from many species will also care for the offspring. Take anemone fish(海葵鱼) for example.Despite their smaller size, the males help the females defend the nest, but only the males take care of it. They use their fins as fans to provide a constant flow of oxygen and keep the surroundings clean. They also put a lot of effort into the nest.The eggs take about five days to hatch. During this important period, the males fan them to provide oxygen and remove the rubbish. They also pick up the eggs in their mouths and move them around to remove any bacteria. One of the biggest threats comes from female sticklebacks(刺鱼), who form organised groups and attack the nests to eat all the eggs.The males defend the newborn fish and bring back the ones who move too far from the nest. Once the fish grow up, they become a little bit more independent and start to swim away. The dad swims after them, picks them up in his mouth, and spits them back into his nest. Eventually, he gets to the point where he can’t keep track of them and that’s when they separate.Doting(宠爱的) fathers are not restricted to the world of fish. In some poison frog species, the dads also warn the mums when the young ones are hungry and need to be fed.9.What does the underlined word “offspring” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Children.B.Relatives.C.Friends.D.Colleagues.10.What can we infer about the male anemone fish?A.They take full responsibility for building the nest.B.They are much larger than the female anemone fish.C.They are actually extremely excellent fathers.D.They frequently make attacks on other animals.11.What does it mean when the dad can’t track its young fish?A.The dad can’t tend to the young fish.B.The young fish are already independent.C.The living environment is worse.D.The dad is in a state of aging.12.What can be the best title for the text?A.The Model Father in the Animal KingdomB.The New Role of the Male Anemone FishC.The Really Caring Caregivers in LifeD.A Strange Phenomenon in Nature考点分类练(八)主旨大意题——标题归纳类【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。
超实用高考英语复习：阅读理解——主旨大意题 -测 (解析版)
专题14 阅读理解：主旨大意题备考高考英语二轮复习距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
名校最新模拟试题主旨大意题（共20小题）1.(2022年8月浙江省“山水联盟”高三联考)You really should ask the question: will my donation to this charity actually help the people or cause? Sometimes it makes matters worse. For example, many charities help African people install water pumps to deliver clean water to their communities. Money has been invested over the past 20 years to install a total of 60, 000 pumps across sub-Saharan Africa. However, today 40% of those have failed to work at some point. They have been left there, like expensive but useless decorations.......Ultimately, to whom and how much you give is your choice. It is important to provide highly specialized services instead of material goods. As a general rule of thumb, the more your donation matches the need of the receivers, the better it will be for the long-term prosperity of those you want to help.15. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Has your donation hit a dead end?B. Why should you make a donation?C. Where does my donation take its way?D. Will my donation to charity really help?【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。
2024年新高考英语一轮复习专题 20 阅读理解之主旨大意题(含答案解析)
专题20 阅读理解（主旨大意题）1.（2023·广东深圳·高三统考期末）Boston wants to be smarter. The city has taken advantage of technologies to become more responsive to its residents' needs. But technology alone is not sufficient to make today's cities liveable. Boston has discovered that it also needs to reach the old-fashioned low-tech community and integrate that technology with city life.Kris Carter rolled out Boston's smart city program in 2014. It started with an App that residents could download to report locations where sidewalks needed repair. The city sorted out those reports and ranked them in a database, which repair crews used to prioritize their work.The system worked beautifully, except for one problem: most of the alerts(警报) came from wealthier neighborhoods, where the concentration of smartphone - equipped residents was highest. ＂The complaints from the App didn't always correlate with the greatest community need for repairs, " explains Carter.Carter's group has moved away from the model common to many smart city initiatives of letting tech-savvy(精通技术的）residents drive the process. Instead, they run meetings to find out what problems people in different neighborhoods care about solving. When it came to sidewalks, Boston introduced a second method of collecting repair tips, hiring people to get out and walk the city's 1,700 miles of sidewalks to take notes on their condition.Whether using low-tech or high-tech approaches, says Carter, to stay smart, a city needs to continually reassess its options to spot opportunities to improve residents' lives. Take the sidewalk repair program, walking on the streets was proved a useful, if inefficient way to prioritize repair needs. But last year the group found that walkers' mobile phones could be tracked as they moved along the streets, and that data could be analyzed to identify sidewalk routes which are most often used by neighborhoods.“Combined with our other sidewalk information, that gave us an even better way to predict where faster repairs would do the most good," says Carter,"We're really always looking for whatever mix of approaches best solves the problem."1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?A．The citizens' life.B．The city's reputation.C．The city's management.D．The benefits of technology.2．What problem did Kris Carter's team meet when carrying out their program?A．They faced many technical obstacles.B．They couldn't serve all residents well.C．They were not supported by residents.D．They were annoyed by being short-staffed.3．Which of the following might Kris Carter most agree with?A．Maximizing the benefits of technology.B．Mixing approaches for solving problems.C．Giving full play to the power of residents.D．Letting tech companies be a leading role.4．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．A Smart City: More Than Just TechB．A City with Intelligent FacilitiesC．Joint-effort in City ConstructionD．The Modernization of a City【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了波士顿在利用高科技管理城的同时使用传统办法以实现城市有效管理，成就现代智慧城市。
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2021届高考英语主旨大意题专项练习1I arrived at this beautiful Spanish island at the start of September, full of enthusiasm and eager to start working as an English teacher. I sorted all the necessary paperwork out and moved into a flat of my own within the first couple of days.Great, or so I thought. At 4 am and at several intervals after that, I was rudely awoken by the cock that lives opposite me.Fantastic! I now have 5 extra alarms every morning.In the following weeks, I also started to notice a trend.Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day，like the hot water line, bowls, cups, the shower, doors or glass shelves. Yes, I am clumsy but things just fell apart. If it wasn't broken, it would either be dirty or missing Using my washing basket for the first time was pretty disgusting. When I took out my clothes, they were swiftly followed by a hundred or so bugs that were living in the bottom.As for the general lack of equipment in the house, there was no oven, tin opener, sharp knives or potato peeler. It turned out making a burger from scratch wasn't the best idea. I had a small microwave and a grill. I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on. Smoke soon started to appear. I was not quite sure if it was the burger or the grill but as soon as I opened the door, the electricity cut out. I spent the following 10 minutes in a dark, smoky room hunting for the power switch using the light from my mobile phone, which broke the week after and left me without a connection to the outer world.Luckily, I'm now borrowing a phone and my luck has returned. No more things have broken (probably because there is nothing left to break). I've also realized that even if a flat looks pretty, it doesn't mean its contents work. I am also learning how to adapt to life with limited, broken utensils (用具)．1．What problem did the author have in the morning？A．She often slept late.B．Her alarm failed to work.C．She got some noisy neighbors.D．Her sleep was disturbed by a rooster.2．What can we know about the author from Paragraph 2？A．She was a very careful woman.B．She was quite satisfied with her flat.C．Her flat was pretty old but comfortable.D．Her household articles were in poor condition.3．What happened when the author was making a burger？A．She was seriously injured.B．She made a terrible mistake.C．She broke her phone accidentally.D．She suffered a sudden power failure.4．What is the text mainly about？A．Remaining optimistic.B．How to choose a nice flat.C．Learning to live in a new flat.D．Why living abroad is not easy.2While visiting the North Pole in winter may not be at the top of your bucket_list，the ever －changing ICEHOTEL, which opened its doors to visitors on December 14 this year, may change your mind. 200 km north of the Arctic Circle in the Swedish village of Jukkasjärvi, the hotel, which is carved entirely from ice，is rebuilt annually.The 35 rooms, built to accommodate visitors on all kinds of budgets, vary from expensive suites to basic rooms that are furnished with just an icy bed and a reindeer skin. Among the highlights this year is the “Spruce Woods” suite. Sculpted by Christopher Pascoe and Jennie O'Keefe of Canada, it describes camping scene complete with a classic microbus, a forest, and even an artificial campfire.There is also the artfully－carved “Living Ocean” suite to remind visitors of the importance of saving our oceans. The room is full of carved sea life that includes coral and a shark “swimming” right over the ice bed. “The suite is inspired by global warming and the overfishing that affects our oceans，”says artist Jonathan Paul Green. “I also think the idea of using frozen water from a river in northern Sweden to create an ocean with shells, fish, and coral is exciting.”The nearby “Haven” suite is a “magical gate of ice” guarded by two large animals. “We are inspired by the meeting between people and want to create an experience that stimulates curiosity and creativity，” says artist Jonas Johansson. “It feels like a dream to get to work with ice that allows our love for light，shine, and reflection to wander freely from thought to creation.”Regardless of whether visitors select the carved suites or the basic ice rooms, the temperature is always set to a bone－chilling －5 ℃！That is why guests are advised to snuggle (蜷伏) up inside sleeping bags and wear gloves and winter hats all night.Not surprisingly, most end up spending just a single night at this unique hotel before moving on to the conventional and warmer hotels nearby.5．What does the underlined phrase “bucket list” mean in the text？A．A shopping list of buckets.B．A list of travelling destinations.C．A list of expensive hotels.D．A list of exciting ideas.6．What can we know about the icehotel？A．It is rebuilt every year.B．Its rooms are expensive.C．It organizes camping activities.D．It lies in a coastal city.7．Where does the inspiration of“Living Ocean” suite come from？A．Art and literature.B．Ocean life and voyages.C．Climate change and human influence.D．The meeting of people.8．Which of the following is the best title for the text？A．An Adventure to the North PoleB．An Experience Close to NatureC．A taste of Cold：A Night in a VillageD．A Winter Destination：Sweden's Icehotel3We can have video chat with astronauts aboard the International Space Station and watch live footage from the frozen heights of a mountain. But communicating with a submarine (潜艇) or a diver is not so easy. The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater airborne (空气传播的) devices has long been a frustration for scientists. The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water. Sonar signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of water rather than reaching the air.Now, researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication. “What we've shown is that it's actually feasible to communicate from underwater to the air，”says Fadel Adib, a professor at MIT's Media Lab, who led the research.The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface, making vibrations(震动) corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data. A surface receiver then reads and decodes these tiny vibrations.The researchers call the system TARF. It has any number of potential real－world uses, Adib says. It could be used to find downed planes underwater by reading signals from sonar devices in a plane's black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.Right now the technology is low－resolution. The initial study was conducted in the MIT swimming pool at maximum depths of around 11 or 12 feet. The next steps for the researchers are to see if TARF is workable at much greater depths and under varying conditions—high waves, storms, schools of fish. They also want to see if they can make the technology work in the otherdirection—air to water. If the technology proves successful in real－world conditions, expect “texting while diving” to be the latest underwater fashion.9．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1？A．The future of video chat underwater and in air.B．The frustrations of developing underwater devices.C．The difficulty of communication from water to air.D．The current situation of communicating with a submarine.10．What does the underlined word“feasible” mean？.A．Achievable. B．Convenient.C．Changeable. D．Alternative.11．What do we know about TARF？A．It is widely used to find downed planes.B．It can work well at great depths underwater.C．It is an underwater machine that sends signals.D．It can send，receive and read signals from underwater.12．What is the best title for the text？A．The Real－world Uses of Sonar TechnologyB．Full Water－to－air Communication Closer to RealityC．A Breakthrough in the Application of Video ChatD．TARF Becoming a New Means of Communication4Robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks，such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters.They are also finding applications as household help and as nursing assistants. As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent.A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus, Professor of Developmental Psychology at Ludwig－Maximilians－Universität (LMU), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles.According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question：“Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？”The participants were faced with a hypothetical (假设的) moral dilemma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized to variousdegrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine.The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized，the less likely participants were to sacrifice it. Situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understandings，experiences and thoughts, were more likely to stop the study participants from sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous (无名的) humans.“This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot，”says Paulus.“One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far.Such efforts could come into conflict with their intended function—to be of help to us.”13．What has become a concern about robots？A．How to humanize them.B．How to treat them in life.C．How to use them effectively.D．How to find more applications.14．In the study the participants probably have to decide ___.A．when to sacrifice a robotB．where to experience risksC．which robot to work withD．what robots should be like15．What can be inferred from Paulus' words？A．Humanized robots offer less help to people.B．Humanizing robots too much may be improper.C．Certain moral status should be attached to robots.D．Conflicts often happen between humans and robots.16．Which of the following would be the best title for the text？A．Robots，a Must for FutureB．Humanized Robots，a New TrendC．Robots Saved，People Take the HitD．Humanized Robots Replace Human5Can I talk about salary at work? In a word：yes. As the HR company Insperity put it in a recent blog post: Can your employees discuss their salaries or wages with their co－workers？Yes. Even if you have a company policy against it? Yes.The freedom to discuss your salary at work is a protected right under the labor law. The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 protects your right to discuss the conditions of youremployment, including issues related to safety and pay, even when you're not protected by a union.Talking about salary with colleagues can be uncomfortable，since there's such a taboo about discussing money matters, but it's an important step towards achieving equal pay for equal work.One barrier, however, stems from how we think of our own financial worth. Too many people I talk to wrongly consider their salary a reflection of their worthiness, a statement about their skills, experience, or value. At the end of the day, if we can all separate our self－worth from our salaries a bit more, it'll become easier to talk frankly with our colleagues.Asking about money outright can be tough, so one trick I've picked up along the way is to ask for your colleagues to confirm or deny. For instance, you might volunteer your salary first and ask “Does that sound right to you？”by way of comparison. Or，let's say you're interviewing for a promotion to become a manager. You might ask a fellow manager about the kind of salary you should expect by saying, “I'm seeing salaries for this kind of position ranging from $ 65,000 to $ 70,000—does that seem accurate to you？”This way, even if your colleague isn't comfortable sharing their salary outright, they can help you identify if your expectations are appropriate. 17．What makes co－workers uncomfortable to talk about salaries？A．The safety issue.B．The labor law.C．The wrong idea about salaries.D．The reflection of their worthiness.18．What does “taboo” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to？A．A prohibited practice.B．A firm belief.C．A general agreement. D．A social custom.19．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4？A．One of my interview experiences.B．My way of asking about money.C．The method of raising questions.D．An example of getting promoted.20．What can be the best title for the text？A．How to Discuss Salaries at WorkB．Ways of Talking about SalariesC．Do Salaries Stand for Self－worth?D．Can Salaries be Talked about at Work?参考答案：DDBC/BACD/CADB/BABC/CABD。