英语语法：虚拟语气
(完整版)英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结
（完整版）英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结英语中的虚拟语气是一种表示非事实或想象的语气，用来表达对现实情况的猜测、愿望、要求、建议、命令和反讽等。
虚拟语气主要通过动词的形式和句子的结构来表达。
一、虚拟语气的用法：1.表达建议、要求、命令、禁止：- 主语+动词原形+宾语（动词原形要用动词底形、如be）；- 主语+动词原形+that从句（用于表达建议、命令、禁止，动词原形用“should + 动词原形”或用情态动词）。
例句：- It is important that he be present at the meeting.（建议）- I suggest that he should go to the doctor.（建议）- They insisted that he leave the room immediately.（命令）2.表达愿望、请求、要求：-主语+动词过去式；- 主语+would/could/might + 动词原形；- 主语+动词过去式+宾语+should + 动词原形。
例句：- I wish I could fly.（愿望）- I would appreciate it if you could help me.（请求）3.表示虚拟条件：- If条件从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句用would/should/might/could + have + 过去分词；- If条件从句中的谓语动词用过去时，主句用would/should/could + 动词原形。
例句：- If I had known his phone number, I would have called him.（虚拟条件）- If you had listened to me, we could have finished the project earlier.（虚拟条件）4.表达建议、要求、祝愿：- If only内部称述 + 主语 + 过去式。
高中英语语法：虚拟语气
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------高中英语语法：虚拟语气虚拟1/ 35虚拟语气定义1.英语动词有三种语气: 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 虚拟语气的考点1.一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法； 2.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 3.名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法； 4.状语从句中虚拟语气的用法； 5.几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法； 6.虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。
3/ 35一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 1.一般条件句中的虚拟语气时间过去If 条件句 had donewould should could might主句 +have done sth现在助动词 be用 were 实义动词 do 用 didwould should could might+ do sth将来did / were should do were to dowould should + do sth could Might5/ 35与现在事实相反1. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake.2. If he had been there, it wouldn’t have happened. 与过去事实相反3. If I had HIV, I would know becauseI would feel sick.4. If I were you, I would give AIDS patienta hug.---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 与未来事实可能相反5. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an outing.6. I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools.7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.7/ 351.If I were you, I _C___ buy the house right now. A. won’t B. don’t C. wouldn’t D. can’t2. _B____more careful, his ship would not have sunk.A. If the captain were B. If the captain had been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been3. If he A___ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 2.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；条件从句中含有should，were， had 三个助动词可将其放在句首，并把if省略。
高中英语语法之虚拟语气
虚拟语气英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可以表示可能性较小的情况或不可能发生的情况，而不是客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气是由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的。
1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中(非真实条件句)1）表示与现在事实相反的情况构成方式：If I were not busy today,I should go with you. 如果我今天有空，我会同你一起去的。
If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。
（事实：没有带钱）If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。
（事实：没有努力）注：主句的主语为第一人称时，主句中也可用should。
但是美语中一律用would。
might 表示“可能”，可用于主句中的所有人称。
2）表示与过去事实相反的情况构成方式：If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
（事实：去晚了）If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话）3）表示与将来相反的情况构成方式：If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
（事实：来的可能性很小）If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。
英语语法之虚拟语气
虚拟语气知识要点一、语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
英语中有三种语气：1.述语气：表示谓语动词表示的动作/状态符合客观现实。
2.祁使语气：表示号召、命令、建议、劝告、警告、禁止等。
3. 虚拟语气：表示动作/状态不是客观现实，而是愿望、假设、推测等。
二、虚拟语气的构成例：○与将来的事实相反：1.If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, wecould ask him some questions.2.If there should be no air, there would be no livingthings.3.If it wereto snow tomorrow, they couldn’t goout. ○与现在的事实相反：1. If it rained now, I wouldnotgo shopping.2. If I were a teacher, I wouldbe strict with my students.3. If it werenot for their help, we shouldbe in a verydifficult position.○与过去的事实相反：1. If I hadcome yesterday, I wouldhaveseen him.2. If we hadstarted earlier, we shouldnothavemissedthe train.3. If she hadn’tbeen ill, she mighthavecome.***请注意三种特殊情况：○上面的句子大多都可以改成倒装句，这时If就省略了，同学们要能识别出来。
如：1. Should there be no air, there wouldbe no living things.2. Were it not for their help, we shouldbe in a verydifficult position.3. Had she not been ill, she mighthavecome.○错综时间条件句。
英语语法：虚拟语气
虚拟语气用法详解一、条件句中的虚拟语气1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。
条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
2.条件句中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
(3)过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题(1)当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was 代替were。
但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were 中，只能用were。
如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。
If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。
英语语法—虚拟语气(最全)
虚拟语气1.虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”，而不是当作客观现实中的真实事件。
它表达的是建议、不满、怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象、祝愿等。
2.虚拟语气用于非真实条件句英语中的条件句有两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句。
真实条件句实现的可能性非常大，常用if, unless, as long as, so long as, once等引导，谓语动词常用陈述语气；非真实条件句常表示不能实现或纯假象的情况，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句、推测条件句、错综时间条件句。
①虚拟条件句、推测条件句虚拟条件句可分为两类：一类是叙述与现在事实相反的情况，一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况。
另外，还有一类用于推测将来的情况，也称作推测条件句。
从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生一种不可能获得的结果。
句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有3种不同的形式：I would lend him the money if he asked me.他要是问我，我愿意借钱给他。
(意愿)If he had time, he should do it.要是有时间，他愿意做那件事。
(意愿)He could move the big stone if he should try.努力的话，他能搬动那块大石头。
(能力)If he forgot to come, you could go instead.他要是忘了没来，你可要替他来。
(许诺)A.与现在事实相反If I had enough money, I would buy a computer.如果我有足够的钱，我将买一台电脑。
(实际上没有) Were I you I would refuse.如果我是你我会拒绝。
(我不是你)注：从句有时可用If it were not for这种句型，表示“若不是……”。
It it weren’t for your help, we would be in serious trouble.若不是你帮忙，我们会遇到大麻烦。
英语语法：虚拟语气
四．虚拟语气虚拟语气表达的是一种与事实相反的主观愿望、假想或建议等。
I wouldn’t have known what these were for if I hadn’t been told.If you were to see Jane, what would you tell her?This kind of world is hard and dangerous. But if you should succeed, you would become rich.2．省略if，把助动词were，had，should等提到主语前面，形成倒装。
eg.Were I to meet him tomorrow (=If I were to meet him tomorrow), I should ask him about it.Had I had the money last year (=If I had had the money last year), I would have bought the house.3．错综时间条件句：主语和从句采用不同的时间，因而需要使用不同的虚拟语气形式。
eg.If I were you, I would have taken his advice.If her husband had not been killed in the war, she would not be helping others with the housework now. 4．用介词短语或其他方式表示含蓄的虚拟条件：without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but eg.Under such circumstances I would probably have done the same.Without your help (=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.But for electricity (=If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or (otherwise) he would have helped you.I ought to have remembered to tell them the decision this morning, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.But that he was short of money (=If he had not been short of money), he would have bought it for his wife.This same thing, happening in wartime, (=If the same thing happened in wartime, it) would amount to disaster. Any man in his position would have done like that.You should (ought to) have returned the book earlier.5．“If it were (had been) not for….”：要不是……eg. If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today. If it had not been for your advice, I would not have accepted the job.6．①表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等主观意愿的动词后的宾语从句中；②用it作形式主语，上述动词用被动语态的主语从句中；以及③使用这些动词演变而来的名词的表语从句和同位语从句中：ask, advise, determine, decide, command, insist, intend, move, prefer, propose, order, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, demand, desire, direct…eg.The general directed that the troops (should) attack. They moved that all civilians should be evacuated.It was suggested that he should join the club activities.The proposal that he be invited was rejected. Her suggestion is that we (should) give up the plan. 但：Are you suggesting that I am not suited for the job? He insisted that he was innocent. （不是上述意思）7．It is + 形容词或过去分词+ 主语从句（谓语动词：should+动词原形）：appropriate, advisable, better, desirable, essential, imperative, important, insistent, natural, necessary, preferable, strange, urgent, vital（这些形容词的句式也可改为it作形式宾语，形容词后的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气）eg.It is imperative that you (should) take the medicine. It is essential that we (should) win the voters’ hearts.We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting.I consider it imperative that a meeting (should) be held immediately.8．某些动词后的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气：expect, believe, think, suspect (否定句或疑问句), wish eg.:I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.We didn’t expect that the problem should have been solved that way.I wish I could have seen her last night. I wish I were a bird.9．动词be, intend, mean, plan, want, hope等句中（had hoped表示过去未完成的愿望，意为“想要，希望”，从句中使用“would + 动词原形”）eg.:I intended to have told him the matter, but I forgot. I was to have come yesterday, but I couldn’t.She had meant to see you last week, but she was ill. We had hoped that you would stay for some time. 10．would rather, would sooner, would just as soon; in case, lest, for fear that; as if, as though; had hoped 后从句中使用虚拟语气。
英语语法虚拟语气
• 三.名词性从句中的虚拟语气
• 1.在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟 语气. 由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎 样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+ 动词原形”表示这种语气 • 例（2012）My boss ordered that the legal docments be sent to him before lunch. • 析.Order后面接宾语从句，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。 • 2. would rather ， would sooner，had rather， would (just) as soon ，would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้气would rather , would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon，would prefer （希望）也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。 谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相 反。 • 例 (2011)It is getting late.I would rather you left now. • 析.would rather 表示宁愿，其后跟的从句中，用虚拟语气，谓语动 词用过去式。
一.
什么是虚拟语气?
虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等
二.主语从句中的虚拟语气
1.“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that……”结构中的虚拟语气 在形如“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that……”结构中，使用某些表示愿 望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主 语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should ＋动词原形或省略should直 接用动词原形（美国英语中省去should） 例1 (2010)It is necessary that he hand in the assignment without delay. 析：形容词为necessary,important,impossible,strange,natural,essential等时，在 It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that……”结构中，主语从句要用虚拟语气。Should 可省略。 例2（2006）It is imperative that the government attract more investment into the shipbuilding industry. 析： It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that……，使用某些表愿望、建议、命令等形容 词后的主语从句，谓语要用虚拟语气，should+动词原形。
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• 4. 错综时间条件句： If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be quite well now. If he were alive now, he might have finished his scientific researches on the animal intelligence.
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• 3. 与将来事实相反： If+should+动词原形，would/should/could/might+动 词原形 (1)用动词过去式： If she got the scholarship next year, she could be able to go on for graduate study in Canada. (2) 用“were to +不定式” If you were to fail to catch the train, you might take the bus.
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• II. 非真实条件句的倒装 1. 条件句中含有 were, had, should 时，可省 略if, 构成倒装。 Should they forget to bring a compass with them, they would get lost in the woods. Had you invited us, we would have come to your party. Were it not for their assistance, we could not have got over the difficulties.
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• I 非真实条件句中，虚拟语气的三种时态： • 1. 与现在事实相反： if+过去式，would/should/could/might+动词原形 I should study very hard, if I were you. If she knew about it now, she would come. • 2. 与过去事实相反： if+过去完成时， would/should/could/might+have+过去分 词 If you had taken his advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If she hadn’t been so busy last week, she would have come.
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2. It is + adj.+主语从句(should+动词原形)，表达： 命令、要求、建议等(necessary, essential, important, impossible等)；惊奇欣慰、失望、羡 慕等感情(strange, incredible, surprising, remarkable, disappointing, embarrassing, amazing等) It has been decided that meeting should be put off. It is extraordinary to me that you should have seen this.
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• III. 使用虚拟语气的特定结构 1. 表示命令、决定、建议等动词之后的that从句中 的谓语动词用should + 动词原形，如instruct, suggest, insist, advise, demand, request等。 Congress has decided that the present law be maintained. 2. wish后加虚拟语气表不可能实现的事。 I wish I knew how to work the machine. I wish he hadn’t come. I wish you could come back before Thanksgiving.